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Unsure if that’s the case as the general calendar places Saint Benedict as an obligatory memorial on 11 July.
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{{short description|Second century AD pope}}
{{Short description|Head of the Catholic Church from c. 140 to c. 154}}
{{redirect|Pius of Rome|the Roman emperor|Antoninus Pius}}
{{redirect|Pius of Rome|the Roman emperor|Antoninus Pius}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Pope
| type = Pope
| honorific-prefix = [[Pope]] [[Saint]]
| honorific-prefix = [[Pope Saint]]
| name = Pius I
| name = Pius I
| title = [[Bishop of Rome]]
| title = [[Bishop of Rome]]
| church = [[Catholic Church]]
| church = [[Early Christianity]]
| image = File:Pope Pius I.jpg
| image = Pope Pius I.jpg
| caption = Portrait by Pietro Perugino, c.1482
| birth_name = Pius
| birth_name = Pius
| term_start = c. 140
| term_start = c. 140
Line 15: Line 14:
| successor = [[Pope Anicetus|Anicetus]]
| successor = [[Pope Anicetus|Anicetus]]
| birth_date = c. late 1st century
| birth_date = c. late 1st century
| birth_place = [[Aquileia]], [[Italy]]
| birth_place = [[Aquileia]], [[Roman Empire]]
| death_date = c. 154
| death_date = c. 154
| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Roman Empire]]
| death_place = Rome, Roman Empire
| feast_day = 11 July
| feast_day = 11 July
| other = Pius
| other = Pius
| caption = 15th century portrayal of Pope Pius I<br>by [[Pietro Perugino]]
}}
}}
'''Pope Pius I''' was the [[bishop of Rome]] from {{circa}} 140 to his death {{circa}} 154,<ref name="newadvent.org">{{Catholic Encyclopedia|prescript=|wstitle=Pope St. Pius I }}</ref> according to the ''[[Annuario Pontificio]]''. His dates are listed as 142 or 146 to 157 or 161, respectively.<ref>{{cite book |title=Annuario Pontificio per L'anno 2012. |date=2012 |location=Vatican City |isbn=978-88-209-8722-0|page=8}}</ref> He is considered to have opposed both the [[Valentinians]] and [[Gnostics]] during his papacy. He is considered a [[saint]] by the [[Catholic Church]] and the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://orthodoxwiki.org/List_of_Popes_of_Rome |title=List of Popes of Rome |website=Orthodox Wiki}}</ref> with a feast day in 11 July, but it is unclear if he died as a [[martyr]].
'''Pius I''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Πίος) was the [[bishop of Rome]] from {{circa}} 140 to his death {{circa}} 154,<ref name="newadvent.org">{{Catholic Encyclopedia|prescript=|wstitle=Pope St. Pius I }}</ref> according to the ''[[Annuario Pontificio]]''. His dates are listed as 142 or 146 to 157 or 161, respectively.<ref>{{cite book |title=Annuario Pontificio per L'anno 2012. |date=2012 |location=Vatican City |isbn=978-88-209-8722-0|page=8}}</ref> He is considered to have opposed both the [[Valentinians]] and [[Gnostics]] during his papacy. He is considered a [[saint]] by the [[Catholic Church]] with a feast day in 11 July, but it is unclear if he died as a [[martyr]].

In 1862, Mariano Rodríguez de Olmedo, bishop of [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]], brought the remains of Pius to the [[Catedral Metropolitana Basílica de San Juan Bautista (San Juan, Puerto Rico)|Cathedral of San Juan Bautista]] after these were gifted to him by [[Pope Pius IX]] during Rodríguez Olmedo’s visit to the Vatican City. The remains are coated in wax skin and are kept in a glass structure in the church, which is the second oldest in the Americas. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Travel|first=Uncover|date=2017-01-11|title=The Cathedral of San Juan Bautista, Puerto Rico – The Second Largest Church in the Americas|url=https://uncover.travel/the-cathedral-of-san-juan-bautista-puerto-rico-the-second-largest-church-in-the-americas/|access-date=2021-11-20|website=Uncover Travel|language=en-US}}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Pius is believed to have been born at [[Aquileia]], in Northern Italy, during the late 1st century.<ref name=lives>{{cite book |title=Lives of the Saints, For Every Day of the Year |editor-first=Rev. Hugo |editor-last=Hoever |location=New York |publisher=Catholic Book Publishing |date=1955 |page=263}}</ref> His father was an Italian<ref>{{cite book|title=Lives of the Popes: Antiquity, Volume 1|author=Platina |authorlink=Bartolomeo Platina |editor-first=Anthony F. |editor-last=D'Elia|date=2008|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0674028197|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wsF_w8-myUUC&pg=PA79 |page=79}}</ref> called "Rufinus", who was also a native of Aquileia according to the ''[[Liber Pontificalis]]''.<ref>Ed. Duchesne, I, 132.</ref> According to the 2nd-century [[Muratorian fragment|Muratorian Canon]]<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Erwin |editor-last=Preuschen |title=Analecta, Volume1 |location=Tübingen |publisher=J. C. B. Mohr |date=1910 |oclc=5805331}}</ref> and the ''[[Liberian Catalogue]]'',<ref>Ed. Duchesne, "Liber Pontificalis, I, 5."</ref> that he was the brother of [[Hermas (freedman)|Hermas]], author of the text known as ''[[The Shepherd of Hermas]]''. The writer of the later text identifies himself as a former slave. This has led to speculation that both Hermas and Pius were freedmen. However Hermas' statement that he was a slave may just mean that he belonged to a low-ranking plebeian family.<ref>{{cite book|title=New Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 11|author=Catholic University of America|date=1967|publisher=New York : McGraw-Hill|page=393}}</ref>
Pius is believed to have been born at [[Aquileia]], in Northern Italy, during the late 1st century.<ref name=lives>{{cite book |title=Lives of the Saints, For Every Day of the Year |editor-first=Hugo |editor-last=Hoever |location=New York |publisher=Catholic Book Publishing |date=1955 |page=263}}</ref> His father was an Italian<ref>{{cite book|title=Lives of the Popes: Antiquity, Volume 1|author=Platina |authorlink=Bartolomeo Platina |editor-first=Anthony F. |editor-last=D'Elia|date=2008|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0674028197|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wsF_w8-myUUC&pg=PA79 |page=79}}</ref> called Rufinus, and according to the ''[[Liber Pontificalis]]'' was also a native of Aquileia.<ref>Ed. Duchesne, I, 132.</ref> According to the 2nd-century [[Muratorian fragment|Muratorian Canon]]<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Erwin |editor-last=Preuschen |title=Analecta, Volume1 |location=Tübingen |publisher=J. C. B. Mohr |date=1910 |oclc=5805331}}</ref> and the ''[[Liberian Catalogue]]'',<ref>Ed. Duchesne, "Liber Pontificalis, I, 5."</ref> Pius was the brother of [[Hermas (freedman)|Hermas]], author of the text known as ''[[The Shepherd of Hermas]]''. Its author identifies himself as a former slave, a fact which has led to speculation that both Hermas and Pius were [[Ancient Roman freedmen|freedmen]]. However Hermas' statement that he was a slave may just mean that he belonged to a low-ranking plebeian family.<ref>{{cite book|title=New Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 11|author=Catholic University of America|date=1967|publisher=New York : McGraw-Hill|page=393}}</ref>


==Pontificate==
==Pontificate==
According to [[Catholic tradition]], Pius I governed the Church in the middle of the 2nd century during the reigns of the Emperors [[Antoninus Pius]] and [[Marcus Aurelius]].<ref name=lives/> He is held to be the ninth successor of [[Saint Peter]],<ref name="newadvent.org"/> who decreed that [[Easter]] should only be kept on a Sunday. Although credited with ordering the publication of the ''Liber Pontificalis'',<ref name="lives"/> compilation of that document was not started before the beginning of the 6th century.<ref>{{cite book |title=Dictionnaire historique de la papauté |first=Philippe |last=Levillain |publisher=Fayard |date=1994 |pages=1042–1043}}</ref> He is also said to have built one of the oldest churches in Rome, [[Santa Pudenziana]].
According to [[Catholic tradition]], Pius I governed the church in the middle of the 2nd century during the reigns of the Emperors [[Antoninus Pius]] and [[Marcus Aurelius]].<ref name=lives/> He is held to be the ninth successor of [[Saint Peter]],<ref name="newadvent.org"/> and to have decreed that [[Easter]] should only be kept on a Sunday. Although he is said to have ordered the publication of the ''Liber Pontificalis'',<ref name="lives"/> in fact compilation of that document was not started before the beginning of the 6th century.<ref>{{cite book |title=Dictionnaire historique de la papauté |first=Philippe |last=Levillain |publisher=Fayard |date=1994 |pages=1042–1043}}</ref> Pius is also said to have built one of the oldest churches in Rome, [[Santa Pudenziana]].


[[Justin Martyr|Saint Justin]] taught [[Catechism|Christian doctrine]] in Rome during the pontificate of St Pius I but the account of his martyrdom does not name him, an unsurprising occurrence, considering the brevity of the account.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0133.htm |title=The Martyrdom of Justin |website=New Advent}}</ref> The [[heresy|heretics]] [[Valentinus (Gnostic)|Valentinus]], [[Cerdo (gnostic)|Cerdo]]n, and [[Marcion of Sinope|Marcion]] visited Rome during that period. Catholic apologists see this as an argument for the primacy of the [[Holy See|Roman See]] during the 2nd century.<ref name="lives"/> Pope Pius I is believed to have opposed the [[Valentinians]] and [[Gnostics]] under Marcion, whom he [[Excommunication|excommunicated]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Delaney |first1=John J. |title=Dictionary of Saints |date=2005 |publisher=Image/Doubleday |location=New York |isbn=0-385-51520-0 |edition=2nd}}</ref>
[[Justin Martyr]] taught [[Catechism|Christian doctrine]] in Rome during the pontificate of Pius I but the account of Justin's martyrdom does not name Pius. Given the brevity of the account this is hardly remarkable.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0133.htm |title=The Martyrdom of Justin |website=New Advent}}</ref> The [[heresy|heretics]] [[Valentinus (Gnostic)|Valentinus]], [[Cerdo (gnostic)|Cerdo]]n, and [[Marcion of Sinope|Marcion]] visited Rome in Pius' time, and he is believed to have [[Excommunication|excommunicated]] both groups.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Delaney |first1=John J. |title=Dictionary of Saints |date=2005 |publisher=Image/Doubleday |location=New York |isbn=0-385-51520-0 |edition=2nd}}</ref>
Catholic apologists see this as an argument for the primacy of the [[Holy See|Roman See]] during the 2nd century.<ref name="lives"/>


There is some conjecture that Pius was a [[Christian martyrs|martyr]] in Rome, a conjecture that entered earlier editions of the ''[[Roman Breviary]]''. The study that had produced the [[Mysterii Paschalis|1969 revision]] of the [[General Roman Calendar]] stated that there were no grounds for his consideration as a martyr,<ref>{{cite book |title=Calendarium Romanum |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana |date=1969 |page=129}}</ref> and he is not presented as such in the ''[[Roman Martyrology]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Martyrologium Romanum |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana |date=2001 |isbn=88-209-7210-7}}</ref>
There is some conjecture that Pius was a [[Christian martyrs|martyr]] in Rome, a conjecture that entered earlier editions of the ''[[Roman Breviary]]''. The study that had produced the [[Mysterii Paschalis|1969 revision]] of the [[General Roman Calendar]] stated that there were no grounds for his being considered a martyr,<ref>{{cite book |title=Calendarium Romanum |publisher=Libreria Editrice Vaticana |date=1969 |page=129}}</ref> and he is not presented as such in the current ''[[Roman Martyrology]]''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Martyrologium Romanum |publisher=Typis Vaticanis |date=2004 |isbn=88-209-7210-7}}</ref>


==Feast day==
==Feast day==
Pius I's [[feast day]] is 11 July. In the [[Tridentine Calendar]] it was given the [[ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite|rank]] of "Simple" and celebrated as the feast of a martyr. The rank of the feast was reduced to a [[Commemoration (liturgy)|Commemoration]] in the 1955 [[General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII]] and the [[General Roman Calendar of 1960]]. Though no longer mentioned in the [[General Roman Calendar]], Saint Pius I may now, according to the rules in the present-day [[Roman Missal]], be celebrated everywhere on his feast day as a [[Memorial (liturgy)|Memorial]], unless in some locality an obligatory celebration is assigned to that day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acbc.catholic.org.au/documents/200707031933.pdf |title=General Instruction of the Roman Missal |website=Australian Catholic Bishops' Conference |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720091216/http://www.acbc.catholic.org.au/documents/200707031933.pdf |archive-date=20 July 2008}}, section 355 c</ref>
Pius I's [[feast day]] is 11 July. In the [[Tridentine calendar]] it was given the [[ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite|rank]] of "Simple" and celebrated as the feast of a martyr. The rank of the feast was reduced to a [[Commemoration (liturgy)|Commemoration]] in the 1955 [[General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII]] and the [[General Roman Calendar of 1960|General Roman Calendar of 1960.]]
[[File:St. Pius (Köln-Zollstock) (02).jpg|thumb|Church dedicated to St Pius in [[Zollstock]], Germany, with statue of the saint.]]


==See also==
==See also==
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[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:2nd-century popes]]
[[Category:2nd-century popes]]
[[Category:Roman Imperial era slaves and freedmen]]
[[Category:Imperial Roman slaves and freedmen]]
[[Category:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica]]
[[Category:Christian anti-Gnosticism]]

Latest revision as of 04:05, 30 October 2024

"Pius of Rome" redirects here. For the Roman emperor, see Antoninus Pius.
Pope Saint

Pius I
Bishop of Rome
15th century portrayal of Pope Pius I
by Pietro Perugino
ChurchEarly Christianity
Papacy beganc. 140
Papacy endedc. 154
PredecessorHyginus
SuccessorAnicetus
Personal details
Born
Pius

c. late 1st century
Aquileia, Roman Empire
Diedc. 154
Rome, Roman Empire
Sainthood
Feast day11 July
Other popes named Pius

Pius I (Greek: Πίος) was the bishop of Rome from c. 140 to his death c. 154,[1] according to the Annuario Pontificio. His dates are listed as 142 or 146 to 157 or 161, respectively.[2] He is considered to have opposed both the Valentinians and Gnostics during his papacy. He is considered a saint by the Catholic Church with a feast day in 11 July, but it is unclear if he died as a martyr.

Early life

[edit]

Pius is believed to have been born at Aquileia, in Northern Italy, during the late 1st century.[3] His father was an Italian[4] called Rufinus, and according to the Liber Pontificalis was also a native of Aquileia.[5] According to the 2nd-century Muratorian Canon[6] and the Liberian Catalogue,[7] Pius was the brother of Hermas, author of the text known as The Shepherd of Hermas. Its author identifies himself as a former slave, a fact which has led to speculation that both Hermas and Pius were freedmen. However Hermas' statement that he was a slave may just mean that he belonged to a low-ranking plebeian family.[8]

Pontificate

[edit]

According to Catholic tradition, Pius I governed the church in the middle of the 2nd century during the reigns of the Emperors Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius.[3] He is held to be the ninth successor of Saint Peter,[1] and to have decreed that Easter should only be kept on a Sunday. Although he is said to have ordered the publication of the Liber Pontificalis,[3] in fact compilation of that document was not started before the beginning of the 6th century.[9] Pius is also said to have built one of the oldest churches in Rome, Santa Pudenziana.

Justin Martyr taught Christian doctrine in Rome during the pontificate of Pius I but the account of Justin's martyrdom does not name Pius. Given the brevity of the account this is hardly remarkable.[10] The heretics Valentinus, Cerdon, and Marcion visited Rome in Pius' time, and he is believed to have excommunicated both groups.[11] Catholic apologists see this as an argument for the primacy of the Roman See during the 2nd century.[3]

There is some conjecture that Pius was a martyr in Rome, a conjecture that entered earlier editions of the Roman Breviary. The study that had produced the 1969 revision of the General Roman Calendar stated that there were no grounds for his being considered a martyr,[12] and he is not presented as such in the current Roman Martyrology.[13]

Feast day

[edit]

Pius I's feast day is 11 July. In the Tridentine calendar it was given the rank of "Simple" and celebrated as the feast of a martyr. The rank of the feast was reduced to a Commemoration in the 1955 General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII and the General Roman Calendar of 1960.

Church dedicated to St Pius in Zollstock, Germany, with statue of the saint.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Pope St. Pius I". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  2. ^ Annuario Pontificio per L'anno 2012. Vatican City. 2012. p. 8. ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ a b c d Hoever, Hugo, ed. (1955). Lives of the Saints, For Every Day of the Year. New York: Catholic Book Publishing. p. 263.
  4. ^ Platina (2008). D'Elia, Anthony F. (ed.). Lives of the Popes: Antiquity, Volume 1. Harvard University Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0674028197.
  5. ^ Ed. Duchesne, I, 132.
  6. ^ Preuschen, Erwin, ed. (1910). Analecta, Volume1. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr. OCLC 5805331.
  7. ^ Ed. Duchesne, "Liber Pontificalis, I, 5."
  8. ^ Catholic University of America (1967). New Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 11. New York : McGraw-Hill. p. 393.
  9. ^ Levillain, Philippe (1994). Dictionnaire historique de la papauté. Fayard. pp. 1042–1043.
  10. ^ "The Martyrdom of Justin". New Advent.
  11. ^ Delaney, John J. (2005). Dictionary of Saints (2nd ed.). New York: Image/Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-51520-0.
  12. ^ Calendarium Romanum. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 1969. p. 129.
  13. ^ Martyrologium Romanum. Typis Vaticanis. 2004. ISBN 88-209-7210-7.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pius I.
Titles of the Great Christian Church
Preceded by Bishop of Rome
140–154 		Succeeded by
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