GWR 3800 Class: Difference between revisions
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{{For|other GWR engine classes called 'County'|GWR County Class (disambiguation){{!}}GWR County Class}} |
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{{Infobox locomotive |
{{Infobox locomotive |
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| name = GWR 3800 'County' Class |
| name = GWR 3800 'County' Class |
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| image = GWR 3818 County of Radnor (Boys' Book of Locomotives, 1907).jpg |
| image = GWR 3818 County of Radnor (Boys' Book of Locomotives, 1907).jpg |
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| caption = 3818 ''County of Radnor'' |
| caption = 3818 ''County of Radnor'' as built in 1906 |
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| powertype = [[Steam]] |
| powertype = [[Steam]] |
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| whytetype = [[4-4-0]] |
| whytetype = [[4-4-0]] |
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| builder = [[Swindon Works]], [[Great Western Railway]] |
| builder = [[Swindon Works]], [[Great Western Railway]] |
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| cylindercount = 2, outside |
| cylindercount = 2, outside |
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| cylindersize = {{convert|18|x|30|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br> [[Bore (engine)|diameter]] x [[stroke (engine)|stroke]] |
| cylindersize = {{convert|18|x|30|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br/> [[Bore (engine)|diameter]] x [[stroke (engine)|stroke]] |
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| alt = |
| alt = |
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| designer = [[George Jackson Churchward]] |
| designer = [[George Jackson Churchward]] |
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| ordernumber = 149, 165, 184 |
| ordernumber = Lots 149, 165, 184 |
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| serialnumber = |
| serialnumber = 2056–2065, 2209–2228, 2415–2425 |
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| builddate = 1904, 1906, 1911–12 |
| builddate = 1904, 1906, 1911–12 |
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| totalproduction = 40 |
| totalproduction = 40 |
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}} |
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The [[Great Western Railway]] ''' |
The [[Great Western Railway]] '''3800 Class''', also known as the '''County Class''', were a class of [[Whyte notation|4-4-0]] steam [[locomotive]]s for express passenger train work introduced in 1904 in a batch of ten. Two more batches followed in 1906 and 1912 with minor differences. They were designed by [[George Jackson Churchward]], who used standard components to produce a four-coupled version of his [[GWR Saint Class|Saint Class]] [[4-6-0]]s. |
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==Construction== |
==Construction== |
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The first locomotive, |
The first locomotive, No. 3473 ''County of Middlesex'', was built at [[Swindon Works]] in May 1904, with the following nine completed by October 1904.<ref name=OSNb14>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=14}}</ref> They were initially fitted with parallel-sided copper-capped chimneys, which were soon replaced by tapered cast iron chimneys.<ref name=Hare56>{{harvnb |Haresnape|Swain|1993 |p=56}}</ref> The second batch, of twenty, were built between October and December 1906. This batch had tapered cast iron chimneys from the start.<ref name=OSNb15>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=15}}</ref> A third and last batch of ten were built between December 1911 and February 1912.<ref name=OSNb38>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=38}}</ref> On these the footplates had curved drop ends at the cab and front bufferbeam.<ref name=Hol102>{{harvnb |Holcroft |1971 |p=102}}</ref> They were also fitted from new with a [[superheater]] and [[Boiler#top feed|top feed]].<ref name=OSNb38/> Chimneys were a larger version of the copper-capped type of the first batch.<ref name=Hare56/> |
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Coupled wheels had independent springing, without the compensating beams fitted between the axleboxes on Churchward's 4-6-0s.<ref name=OSNb13>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=13}}</ref> The cylinder block, including the piston valves and smokebox saddle, was constructed from two castings from the same pattern, bolted back to back, each casting containing one half of the saddle.<ref name=OSNb14/> The cab, boiler and coupled wheels were attached to plate frames. The cylinder block was carried on two bar frames, bolted to the front end of the plate frames.<ref name=OSNb13/> The piston valves were driven by [[Stephenson valve gear]]. The class were fitted with the Standard No. 4 boiler.<ref name=OSNb14/> One locomotive, No. 3805 ''County Kerry'' was fitted with a smaller Standard No. 2 boiler between November 1907 and May 1909.<ref name=OSNb15/> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |
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|+ Table of orders and numbers{{sfnb|Allcock|Davies|le Fleming|Maskelyne|1968|pp=30–31}} |
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! Year !! Quantity !! Lot No. !! Works Nos. !! Locomotive numbers !! Notes |
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|- |
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| 1904 || 10 || 149 || 2056–2065 || 3473–3482 || align=left | renumbered 3800, 3831–3839 in 1912 |
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|- |
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| 1906 || 20 || 165 || 2209–2228 || 3801–3820 || align=left | |
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|- |
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| 1911–12 || 10 || 184 || 2416–2425 || 3821–3830 || align=left | |
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|} |
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==Operation== |
==Operation== |
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They were the last new GWR 4-4-0 design and by far the most modern, with inside frames and outside cylinders. They were designed as a part of Churchward's standardisation plan, but were found to have a front end too powerful for the wheel arrangement and all were withdrawn by the early 1930s. They were designed, in part, for the Hereford to Shrewsbury LNWR line over which the GWR had running powers, but on which they were expressly forbidden to use 4-6-0 locomotives. The 4-4-0 Counties were in effect a shortened [[GWR 2900 Class]], providing engines powerful enough for the trains but with the requisite four-coupled wheels. |
They were the last new GWR 4-4-0 design and by far the most modern, with inside frames and outside cylinders. They were designed as a part of Churchward's standardisation plan, but were found to have a front end too powerful for the wheel arrangement and all were withdrawn by the early 1930s. They were designed, in part, for the Hereford to Shrewsbury LNWR line over which the GWR had running powers, but on which they were expressly forbidden to use 4-6-0 locomotives. The 4-4-0 Counties were in effect a shortened [[GWR 2900 Class]], providing engines powerful enough for the trains but with the requisite four-coupled wheels. |
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The key components were all proven but the combination was somewhat poor, and perhaps the least successful of Churchward's designs. From the outset they were found to be rough riders but were otherwise effective locos. All other GWR 4-4-0s were inside-cylindered and none had a piston stroke greater than 26 |
The key components were all proven but the combination was somewhat poor, and perhaps the least successful of Churchward's designs. From the outset they were found to be rough riders but were otherwise effective locos. All other GWR 4-4-0s were inside-cylindered and none had a piston stroke greater than 26 inches, whereas the 'County' had a 30-inch stroke driving a meagre 8 ft 6 ft wheelbase. |
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The County Class used the same cylinders and motion as Churchward's six-coupled locomotives and required the same mass to counterbalance the reciprocating parts of the motion. However the weight required had to be divided between four driving wheels rather than six. The heavier balance weights produced a high level of wheel hammer blow; at |
The County Class used the same cylinders and motion as Churchward's six-coupled locomotives and required the same mass to counterbalance the reciprocating parts of the motion. However the weight required had to be divided between four driving wheels rather than six. The heavier balance weights produced a high level of wheel hammer blow; at six revolutions per second the hammer blow was 8 tons, compared with the 3.6 tons of the inside-cylindered [[GWR 3700 Class|City Class]] and the 6.4 tons of the six-coupled [[GWR 2900 Class|Saint Class]]. The left hand trailing axleboxes often developed hammering, which was caused by the amount of counterbalancing used.<ref name=OSNb16>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=16}}</ref> |
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This class were subject to the [[ |
This class were subject to the [[GWR locomotive numbering and classification#1912 Renumbering|1912 renumbering]] of GWR 4-4-0 locomotives, which saw the Bulldog class gathered together in the series 3300–3455, and other types renumbered out of that series. The County Class took numbers 3800–3839. |
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3833 ''County of Dorset'' was the first to be withdrawn, in February 1930. By the end of 1933 all had gone, the last survivor being 3834 ''County of Somerset'', withdrawn in November of that year.<ref name=OSNb66>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=66}}</ref> |
3833 ''County of Dorset'' was the first to be withdrawn, in February 1930. By the end of 1933 all had gone, the last survivor being No. 3834 ''County of Somerset'', withdrawn in November of that year.<ref name=OSNb66>{{harvnb |Nock |1978 |p=66}}</ref> |
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[[File:GWR County tank class 2221 (Howden, Boys' Book of Locomotives, 1907).jpg|thumb|County Tank 2221]] |
[[File:GWR County tank class 2221 (Howden, Boys' Book of Locomotives, 1907).jpg|thumb|County Tank 2221]] |
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==New Build – 3840 ''County of Montgomery''== |
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==Preservation== |
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No members of the class were preserved. However, the [[Didcot Railway Centre|Great Western Society]] took the decision to create the next locomotive in the sequence, 3840 County of Montgomery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.churchwardcounty.org.uk/|title=Churchward County Trust|website=Churchward County Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-08-22}}</ref> The project has been handed over to the Churchward County Trust and 3840 will be based at the [[Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway]] following its construction at Tyseley Locomotive Works in Birmingham. The locomotive is being built with both new parts, such as the driving wheels which have been cast using the pattern created for |
No members of the class were preserved. However, the [[Didcot Railway Centre|Great Western Society]] took the decision to create the next locomotive in the sequence, 3840 ''County of Montgomery''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.churchwardcounty.org.uk/|title=Churchward County Trust|website=Churchward County Trust|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-08-22}}</ref> The project has been handed over to the Churchward County Trust and 3840 will be based at the [[Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway]] following its construction at Tyseley Locomotive Works in Birmingham. The locomotive is being built with both new parts, such as the driving wheels which have been cast using the pattern created for [[GWR 2900 Class 2999 Lady of Legend|Saint Class 2999 ''Lady of Legend'']], and recycled standard parts recovered from former Barry scrapyard locomotives including the Standard No. 4 Boiler, the pony truck wheel set, two pony truck axle boxes, four horn guides and two eccentric sheaves from [[GWR 5205 Class|5205 Class]] 2-8-0T 5227, and four driving wheel axle boxes from [[GWR 2800 Class|2800 Class]] 2-8-0 2861. |
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==Models== |
==Models== |
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===Bibliography=== |
===Bibliography=== |
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*{{RCTS-LocosGWR-1|year=1968}} |
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*{{cite book |last=le Fleming |first=H.M. |editor-last=White |editor-first=D.E. |title=The Locomotives of the Great Western Railway, part nine: Standard Two-Cylinder Classes |date=February 1962 |publisher=[[Railway Correspondence and Travel Society|RCTS]] }} |
*{{cite book |last=le Fleming |first=H.M. |editor-last=White |editor-first=D.E. |title=The Locomotives of the Great Western Railway, part nine: Standard Two-Cylinder Classes |date=February 1962 |publisher=[[Railway Correspondence and Travel Society|RCTS]] }} |
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*{{cite book |
*{{cite book |
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{{Commons category|GWR 3800 Class}} |
{{Commons category|GWR 3800 Class}} |
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* [http://www.greatwestern.org.uk/m_in_440_county.htm 3800 'County' class] |
* [http://www.greatwestern.org.uk/m_in_440_county.htm 3800 'County' class] |
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* [https://www.churchwardcounty.org.uk/ Churchward County Trust official website] |
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{{GWR Locomotives}} |
{{GWR Locomotives}} |
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Latest revision as of 19:00, 7 July 2024
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The Great Western Railway 3800 Class, also known as the County Class, were a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotives for express passenger train work introduced in 1904 in a batch of ten. Two more batches followed in 1906 and 1912 with minor differences. They were designed by George Jackson Churchward, who used standard components to produce a four-coupled version of his Saint Class 4-6-0s.
Construction
[edit]The first locomotive, No. 3473 County of Middlesex, was built at Swindon Works in May 1904, with the following nine completed by October 1904.[2] They were initially fitted with parallel-sided copper-capped chimneys, which were soon replaced by tapered cast iron chimneys.[3] The second batch, of twenty, were built between October and December 1906. This batch had tapered cast iron chimneys from the start.[4] A third and last batch of ten were built between December 1911 and February 1912.[5] On these the footplates had curved drop ends at the cab and front bufferbeam.[6] They were also fitted from new with a superheater and top feed.[5] Chimneys were a larger version of the copper-capped type of the first batch.[3]
Coupled wheels had independent springing, without the compensating beams fitted between the axleboxes on Churchward's 4-6-0s.[7] The cylinder block, including the piston valves and smokebox saddle, was constructed from two castings from the same pattern, bolted back to back, each casting containing one half of the saddle.[2] The cab, boiler and coupled wheels were attached to plate frames. The cylinder block was carried on two bar frames, bolted to the front end of the plate frames.[7] The piston valves were driven by Stephenson valve gear. The class were fitted with the Standard No. 4 boiler.[2] One locomotive, No. 3805 County Kerry was fitted with a smaller Standard No. 2 boiler between November 1907 and May 1909.[4]
| Year | Quantity | Lot No. | Works Nos. | Locomotive numbers | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1904 | 10 | 149 | 2056–2065 | 3473–3482 | renumbered 3800, 3831–3839 in 1912 |
| 1906 | 20 | 165 | 2209–2228 | 3801–3820 | |
| 1911–12 | 10 | 184 | 2416–2425 | 3821–3830 |
Operation
[edit]They were the last new GWR 4-4-0 design and by far the most modern, with inside frames and outside cylinders. They were designed as a part of Churchward's standardisation plan, but were found to have a front end too powerful for the wheel arrangement and all were withdrawn by the early 1930s. They were designed, in part, for the Hereford to Shrewsbury LNWR line over which the GWR had running powers, but on which they were expressly forbidden to use 4-6-0 locomotives. The 4-4-0 Counties were in effect a shortened GWR 2900 Class, providing engines powerful enough for the trains but with the requisite four-coupled wheels.
The key components were all proven but the combination was somewhat poor, and perhaps the least successful of Churchward's designs. From the outset they were found to be rough riders but were otherwise effective locos. All other GWR 4-4-0s were inside-cylindered and none had a piston stroke greater than 26 inches, whereas the 'County' had a 30-inch stroke driving a meagre 8 ft 6 ft wheelbase.
The County Class used the same cylinders and motion as Churchward's six-coupled locomotives and required the same mass to counterbalance the reciprocating parts of the motion. However the weight required had to be divided between four driving wheels rather than six. The heavier balance weights produced a high level of wheel hammer blow; at six revolutions per second the hammer blow was 8 tons, compared with the 3.6 tons of the inside-cylindered City Class and the 6.4 tons of the six-coupled Saint Class. The left hand trailing axleboxes often developed hammering, which was caused by the amount of counterbalancing used.[9]
This class were subject to the 1912 renumbering of GWR 4-4-0 locomotives, which saw the Bulldog class gathered together in the series 3300–3455, and other types renumbered out of that series. The County Class took numbers 3800–3839.
3833 County of Dorset was the first to be withdrawn, in February 1930. By the end of 1933 all had gone, the last survivor being No. 3834 County of Somerset, withdrawn in November of that year.[10]
.jpg)
They were also the basis for the 'County Tank' GWR 2221 Class design, a 4-4-2T using the same basic design as the County but with a smaller and lighter boiler, and the replacement of the tender by the addition of side tanks, bunker and trailing axle.
New Build – 3840 County of Montgomery
[edit]No members of the class were preserved. However, the Great Western Society took the decision to create the next locomotive in the sequence, 3840 County of Montgomery.[11] The project has been handed over to the Churchward County Trust and 3840 will be based at the Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway following its construction at Tyseley Locomotive Works in Birmingham. The locomotive is being built with both new parts, such as the driving wheels which have been cast using the pattern created for Saint Class 2999 Lady of Legend, and recycled standard parts recovered from former Barry scrapyard locomotives including the Standard No. 4 Boiler, the pony truck wheel set, two pony truck axle boxes, four horn guides and two eccentric sheaves from 5205 Class 2-8-0T 5227, and four driving wheel axle boxes from 2800 Class 2-8-0 2861.
Models
[edit]Hornby Railways manufacture a model of the 38xx in OO gauge. 3mm Scale Model Railways manufacture a model kit of the 38xx in TT gauge. Hornby manufactured between 1931-1936 electric and clockwork tin-plate models of the 3821 County of Bedford in 0 gauge.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ le Fleming 1962, pp. J10–J12
- ^ a b c Nock 1978, p. 14
- ^ a b Haresnape & Swain 1993, p. 56
- ^ a b Nock 1978, p. 15
- ^ a b Nock 1978, p. 38
- ^ Holcroft 1971, p. 102
- ^ a b Nock 1978, p. 13
- ^ Allcock et al. (1968), pp. 30–31.
- ^ Nock 1978, p. 16
- ^ Nock 1978, p. 66
- ^ "Churchward County Trust". Churchward County Trust. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
Bibliography
[edit]- Allcock, N. J.; Davies, F. K.; le Fleming, H. M.; Maskelyne, J. N.; Reed, P. J. T.; Tabor, F. J. (1968) [1951]. White, D. E. (ed.). The Locomotives of the Great Western Railway, part one: Preliminary Survey. Kenilworth: RCTS.
- le Fleming, H.M. (February 1962). White, D.E. (ed.). The Locomotives of the Great Western Railway, part nine: Standard Two-Cylinder Classes. RCTS.
- Holcroft, Harold (1971). An Outline Of Great Western Locomotive Practice 1837-1947. Shepperton, Middlesex: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0228-2.
- Haresnape, Brian; Swain, Alec (1993) [1976]. Churchward Locomotives: A Pictorial History. Shepperton, Middlesex: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0697-0.
- Nock, O.S. (1977). Standard Gauge Great Western 4-4-0s Part 1 Inside Cylinder Classes 1894-1910. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-7411-7.
- Nock, O.S. (1978). Standard Gauge Great Western 4-4-0s Part 2 Counties to the Close 1904-1961. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-7684-5.
External links
[edit]