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{{short description|Preserved GTW S-3-a class 2-8-2 locomotive}}
{{short description|Preserved GTW S-3-a class 2-8-2 locomotive}}
{{no footnotes|date=January 2017}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox locomotive
{{Infobox locomotive
| name = Grand Trunk Western 4070
| name = Grand Trunk Western 4070
| image = File:November 1968, GTW 4070 Indiana.jpg
| image = File:BOSTON MILLS ROAD AT BOSTON MILLS, OHIO, NEAR CLEVELAND IS SEEN BY PASSENGERS OF THE WEEKEND CUYAHOGA VALLEY LINE... - NARA - 557965.jpg
| caption = GTW 4070 at Boston Mills Road in Boston Mills, [[Ohio]]
| caption = GTW 4070 pulling an excursion in Indiana, on November 3, 1968
| powertype = Steam
| powertype = Steam
| builder = [[American Locomotive Company]] (ALCO)
| builder = [[American Locomotive Company]] (ALCO)
Line 43: Line 43:
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|54,724|lbs|abbr=on}} = 55%
| tractiveeffort = {{convert|54,724|lbs|abbr=on}} = 55%
| factorofadhesion = 4.23
| factorofadhesion = 4.23
| operator = [[Grand Trunk Western]], Midwest Railway Preservation Society
| operator = [[Grand Trunk Railway]]<br/>[[Grand Trunk Western]]<br/>Midwest Railway Preservation Society
| operatorclass = S-3-a locomotive, S-3-c tender
| operatorclass = S-3-a locomotive, S-3-c tender
| fleetnumbers = {{ubl|GTR 474|GTW 3734|GTW 4070|CB&Q 4070}}
| fleetnumbers = {{ubl|GTR 474|GTW 3734|GTW 4070|CB&Q 4070}}
| firstrundate =
| firstrundate =
| lastrundate =
| lastrundate =
| retiredate = March 29, 1960 {{small|(revenue service)}}<br>1990 {{small|(excursion service)}}
| retiredate = March 29, 1960 {{small|(revenue service)}}<br>1990 {{small|(1st excursion service)}}
| withdrawndate =
| withdrawndate =
| preservedunits =
| preservedunits = 1961
| restoredate = 1968
| restoredate = November 3, 1968 {{small|(1st restoration)}}
| scrapdate =
| scrapdate =
| currentowner = Midwest Railway Preservation Society, successor to Midwest Railway Historical Foundation
| currentowner = Midwest Railway Preservation Society, successor to Midwest Railway Historical Foundation
| disposition = Undergoing restoration to operating condition by the Midwest Railway Preservation Society in [[Cleveland, Ohio]]
| disposition = Undergoing restoration to operating condition
}}
}}
'''Grand Trunk Western No. 4070''' is a class "S-3-a" [[2-8-2]] type [[USRA Light Mikado]] [[steam locomotive]] originally built by the [[American Locomotive Company]] (ALCO) in December 1918 for the Grand Trunk as No. 474, later re-numbered by [[Grand Trunk Western Railroad]], after the GT was absorbed into Canadian National as GTW No. 3734. In the late 1950s the locomotive was given a larger tender, from an S-3-c, and re-numbered 4070. The locomotive has pulled passenger excursions in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania over the years.
'''Grand Trunk Western No. 4070''' is an [[Canadian National class S 2-8-2|S-3-a class]] [[2-8-2]] [[USRA Light Mikado]] [[steam locomotive]], and it was originally built by the [[American Locomotive Company]] (ALCO) in December 1918 for the [[Grand Trunk Railway]] (GTR) as No. 474. It was later re-numbered to 3734 by the [[Grand Trunk Western Railroad|Grand Trunk Western]] (GTW), after the GTR was absorbed into [[Canadian National Railway|Canadian National]] (CN). In the late 1950s, the locomotive received a larger tender from an S-3-c class locomotive, and it was further re-numbered to 4070.

In 1960, No. 4070 was retired from revenue service, and it was subsequently sold to Lou Keller, who in turn sold it to the Midwest Railway Preservation Society (MRPS). The MRPS restored the locomotive to operating condition in 1968, and they used it to pull a number of excursions on the Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad, and later the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad (CVSR). In 1990, the locomotive was taken out of service for an overhaul. As of 2024, the locomotive is undergoing restoration to operating condition by the MRPS.


==History==
==History==
===Revenue service===
===Revenue service===
No. 4070—originally numbered 474—was built in December 1918 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in [[Schenectady, New York]], as part of the [[United States Railroad Administration]]'s (USRA) order for forty Light Mikado locomotives (Nos. 440-479) to be assigned to the Grand Trunk Railway.<ref name=":1">{{Harvp|Johnson|1980|p=50}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite book |last=Pinkepank |first=Jerry |title=Grand Trunk Western in Color - Vol 1: Steam & Green, 1941-1961 |date=2003 |publisher=Morning Sun Books, Inc. |isbn=1-58248-112-1 |location=[[Scotch Plains, New Jersey]] |pages=15; 108–109}}</ref><ref name="c&c">{{cite book |author1=Clegg, Anthony |title=Canadian National Steam Power |author2=Corley, Ray |publisher=Trains & Trolleys: Montreal |year=1969 |pages=91–95}}</ref> The locomotive was primarily assigned in revenue service to pull freight and commuter trains out of [[Detroit]], Michigan.<ref name=":1" />
Grand Trunk Western 4070 was built in December 1918 by the [[American Locomotive Company]] (ALCO) in [[Schenectady, New York]] and assigned to [[Grand Trunk Western Railroad|Grand Trunk]], which numbered it originally as 474. Sometime in the 1930s a Coffin feedwater heater was installed, and with other improvements, the number was changed by the [[Grand Trunk Western Railroad|GTW]] to 3734 in 1923.{{Efn|According to the Grand Trunk Western Railroad Historical Society, the renumbering of Grand Trunk Railway 2-8-2 #474 would have taken place in 1923 after Canadian National officially absorbed GTR on January 30, 1923.}} This steam locomotive's road career consisted of pulling freight and passenger services in [[Michigan]]. After falling into a [[Railway turntable|turntable]] in June 1955,<ref>{{Citation|last=Edmund|title=3734GTW_Pontiac_6-9-55|date=2016-08-04|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/gmpullman/28487017570/|access-date=2021-01-28}}</ref> the locomotive was shopped and given a larger tender, and the locomotive's number was changed to 4070 in 1959.{{Efn|According to the Grand Trunk Western Historical Society, GTW 3734's numbered changed to 4070 in 1959. This was due to conflicting numbered Montreal Locomotive Works RS18s (3715-3745) Canadian National had purchased in 1958.|name=Grand Trunk Western Historical Society, gtwhs.org}} The 4070 continued to pull regular duty until March 29, 1960, when it pulled its final revenue freight, from Pontiac to Durand, MI and then was retired. In 1961, Lou Keller, a member of the National Railway Historical Society's Iowa chapter purchased 4070.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Murphey |first=Frances B. |date=May 22, 1966 |title=Iron ‘Baby’ Arrives - Railroad Buffs Now Have Whole Train |pages=103 |work=Akron Beacon Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/153461748/?terms=Iron%20Baby%20Arrives&match=1 |access-date=March 27, 2022}}</ref> In 1966 the Midwest Railway Historical Foundation (now MRPS) acquired the locomotive on a five-year lease and was moved into storage under the Cleveland Union Terminal.<ref>"Minutes of Meetings, Midwest Chapter-National Railway Historical Society," June 4, 1966</ref><ref name=":0" /> It was then moved to Chicago in 1967, where it was restored to operating condition by Richard Jensen and his crew, who also worked on fellow GTW [[USRA Light Pacific|USRA]] locomotive No. 5629.<ref>{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2021-03-18|title=A Passion for Steam|url=http://thetracksidephotographer.com/2021/03/18/a-passion-for-steam/|access-date=2021-05-10|website=The Trackside Photographer|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>"Minutes of Meetings, Midwest Chapter-National Railway Historical Society," December 2, 1967</ref>


In 1925, following the GTR's acquisition by the Canadian National Railway (CN) and reorganization as the Grand Trunk Western (GTW), No. 474 was renumbered to 3734—the rest of the S-3-a's were renumbered as 3700-3739—and it was rebuilt with an extended smokebox and an enclosed coffin feedwater heater.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":14" /> After 1942, No. 3734 was one of only five S-3-a's (Nos. 3717, 3723, 3732, 3734, and 3735) that remained on the GTW, with the rest being transferred to CN and the [[Central Vermont Railway]].<ref name=":14" /> In 1948, the No. 3734 was selected to serve as a backup locomotive for President [[Harry S. Truman|Harry Truman]]'s re-election train, which ran through Michigan.<ref name=":1" />
===Life after the Grand Trunk===
[[File:CUYAHOGA VALLEY LINE STEAM POWERED WEEKEND PASSENGER TRAIN CROSSES THE CUYAHOGA RIVER AT THE DEEP LOCK QUARRY, A PARK... - NARA - 557960.jpg|left|thumb|No. 4070 crossing the [[Cuyahoga River]], 1975]]
4070 operated for the first time again on November 3, 1968, by pulling a passenger excursion from Dearborn Station, Chicago to South Bend, Ind. commemorating the 50th anniversary of her build date in 1918.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 7, 1968 |title=Ernest Millers and Friends Take Anniversary Steam Excursion Trip Sunday |pages=22 |work=Marengo Republican-News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/191143280/?terms=Ernest%20Millers%20and%20Friends%20Take%20Anniversary%20Steam%20Excursion%20Trip%20Sunday&match=1 |access-date=March 27, 2022}}</ref> An additional excursion was also made from these two points on March 23, 1969.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 25, 1969 |title=Railfan Enthusiasts |pages=1 |work=Vidette-Messenger of Porter County |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/333467334/?terms=Railfan%20Enthusiasts&match=1 |access-date=March 27, 2022}}</ref> On August 31, 1969, 4070 pulled a passenger fan trip from Erie to Greenville, [[Pennsylvania]] on the Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 21, 1969 |title=Steam Railroad Excursion Reset |pages=3 |work=The News-Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/96938269/?terms=Grand%20Trunk%20Western%204070&match=1 |access-date=March 27, 2022}}</ref> The 4070 was also used at [[Conneaut Lake Park]] in PA. In 1971, MRHF bought out the lease. In 1975 it was selected to be used on the newly created Cuyahoga Valley Line - now known as the [[Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad]]. In 1977, the 4070 performed a doubleheader along the famed [[Horseshoe Curve (Pennsylvania)|Horseshoe Curve]] with [[Reading Company|Reading]] [[Reading T-1|T-1]] [[4-8-4]] "Northern" [[Reading 2102|2102]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=RailPictures.Net Photo: AGY 2102 Allegheny Railroad Steam 4-8-4 at Derry, Pennsylvania by John Dziobko www.godfatherrails.com|url=https://www.railpictures.net/viewphoto.php?id=493841&nseq=204|access-date=2021-01-14|website=www.railpictures.net}}</ref> However, that trip was plagued with mechanical issues; while on the curve, the 4070 threw an eccentric rod, and the busy [[Conrail]] line where their train sat had to be shut down for several hours. After the incident, Conrail banned steam operations for the next several years. The 4070 had its rods repaired and was brought back to pull passenger trains on the Cuyahoga Valley Line. Additionally, in 1983, the locomotive was painted as [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad|Chicago, Burlington and Quincy]] 4070, and run to South Dayton, NY, for filming in the movie [[The Natural (film)|''The Natural'']], starring [[Robert Redford]], and released in 1984. After the movie, it continued service on the CVL until encountering mechanical difficulties in 1990. Upon inspection, 4070 was found to be in need of repairs. Seeing that the cost of the repairs would be prohibitive, 4070 was once again retired from service.<ref>{{cite web|title=Locomotives Being Restored|url=http://steamengineresource.weebly.com/locomotives-being-restored.html|website=Steam Railroading}}</ref>


During the 1950s, No. 3734 was primarily relegated to operate out of [[Durand, Michigan]].<ref name=":1" /> In 1958, the locomotive was rebuilt at the GTW's [[Battle Creek, Michigan]] shops with a larger tender from a retired S-3-c class 2-8-2, boosting its coal capacity to {{Convert|18|t|kg}} and water capacity to {{Convert|12,000|U.S.gal|impgal}}.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":14" /><ref name=":5" /> It was also renumbered again to 4070, to avoid duplication with CN's new fleet of 3700 series [[MLW RS-18|RS-18]] locomotives.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":14" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite magazine |last=Ingles |first=J. David |date=Spring 2018 |title=America's Last Real Steam Show |url=https://www.trains.com/ctr/magazine/issues/spring-2018/ |access-date=January 19, 2024 |magazine=Classic Trains |publisher=Kalmbach Publishing |pages=23–27 |volume=19 |issue=1}}</ref>
===Second restoration===
In 2011 the process started of restoring the locomotive to operational condition at the Midwest Railway Preservation Society<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-15|title=The Restoration of 4070|url=https://www.midwestrailway.org/article/restoration-4070|access-date=2021-01-15|website=Midwest Railway Preservation Society|language=en}}</ref> in [[Cleveland, Ohio]]. The locomotive boiler and tender have both been tested using ultrasound. The locomotive must have its drypipe, and front and rear tube sheets replaced. In addition, the smokebox, firebox, frame, running gear, driving boxes, tender and many assorted parts all need major work before 4070 can be operational. The estimated cost of 4070's restoration is $1,290,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Steam Locomotive 4070 being restored at Midwest Railway Preservation Society|url=http://www.midwestrailway.org/steam-locomotive-4070.html|website=Midwest Railway Preservation Society|language=en}}</ref> As of 2022, the MRPS has re-organized their portion of the roundhouse for more suitable space to work on No. 4070, and they have seamed the crack the locomotive's frame has had from it's 1955 incident. It will likely be a few more years before the locomotive would be ready to steam up again.<ref>{{Citation|title=Grand Trunk Western 4070 Restoration June 2021 Update|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TRIYE9bt0c|language=en|access-date=2021-06-12}}</ref>


No. 4070 was last assigned by the GTW to the "''Oxford gravel run''" in the Cass City Subdivision, where it pulled gravel and limestone trains between [[Pontiac, Michigan|Pontiac]] and [[Oxford, Michigan]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":14" /><ref name=":2">{{Harvp|Johnson|1980|p=51}}</ref> No. 4070 was retired from revenue service on March 29, 1960, after it pulled its final revenue train from Pontiac to Durand, and the GTW completed dieselization of their operations that same month.<ref name=":2" />
==In popular culture==
The engine made a special "guest appearance" in the 1984 movie ''[[The Natural (film)|The Natural]]'', starring [[Robert Redford]]. The movie portion was filmed on the NY&LE railroad, in [[South Dayton, New York]].


===Excursion service===
==Other preserved 2-8-2s==
No. 4070 was subsequently stored in Durand, and a nonprofit organization in [[Middleville, Michigan]]—called the National Museum of Steam Propulsion—began raising funds to acquire the locomotive, with funds being obtained from GTW excursions behind [[4-8-4]] [[Grand Trunk Western 6323|No. 6323]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite magazine |date=December 1961 |title=Steam! News Photos |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/magazine/archive-access/trains-december-1961/ |url-access=limited |access-date=February 8, 2024 |magazine=Trains |publisher=Kalmbach Publishing |page=10 |volume=22 |issue=2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 16, 1961 |title=Steam Engine Will Be Used On Rail Excursion |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/lansing-state-journal-steam-engine-will/157906407/ |access-date=October 27, 2024 |work=Lansing State Journal |page=26 |via=Newspapers.com |volume=170}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite news |date=April 16, 1961 |title=Steam Train Lovers Plan Benefit |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-steam-train-lovers-pl/157906520/ |access-date=October 27, 2024 |work=Detroit Free Press |page=12 |via=Newspapers.com |volume=130 |issue=347}}</ref> The Museum scheduled for No. 4070 to pull their own excursion trains throughout Michigan, beginning with a July 29, 1961 excursion on the [[New York Central Railroad|New York Central]] (NYC) mainline between [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] and [[Jackson, Michigan|Jackson]].<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Millhone |first=John |date=April 24, 1961 |title=Old 6323 Rolls |work=Detroit Free Press |page=29 |volume=130 |issue=355}}</ref> For unknown reasons, all their plans with the locomotive had fallen through, and the organization quickly dissolved.

By the end of 1961, No. 4070 was purchased by Louis S. Keller, a member of the [[National Railway Historical Society]]'s (NRHS) Iowa Chapter.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Murphey |first=Frances B. |date=May 22, 1966 |title=Iron 'Baby' Arrives - Railroad Buffs Now Have Whole Train |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal-iron-baby-arr/157907231/ |access-date=October 27, 2024 |work=Akron Beacon Journal |page=103 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> In May 1966, the Midwest Railway Historical Foundation (MRHF) of [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]] reached an agreement with Keller to lease the locomotive for five-years and restore it to operating condition, and No. 4070 was moved into storage under the Cleveland Union Terminal.<ref name=":0" /><ref>"Minutes of Meetings, Midwest Chapter-National Railway Historical Society," June 4, 1966</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite magazine |date=November 1968 |title=Steam News Photos |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/magazine/archive-access/trains-november-1968/ |url-access=limited |access-date=February 8, 2024 |magazine=Trains |page=13 |volume=29 |issue=1}}</ref> In December 1967, No. 4070 was moved again to the [[Chicago and Western Indiana Railroad|Chicago and Western Indiana]]'s (C&WI) 47th Street Roundhouse in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], where the MRHF contracted Richard “Dick” Jensen and his crew to help restore the locomotive.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":9" /><ref>"Minutes of Meetings, Midwest Chapter-National Railway Historical Society," December 2, 1967</ref>

As part of the agreement, Jensen would use No. 4070 to pull two passenger excursions on the GTW mainline.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":9" /> On November 3, 1968, No. 4070 operated for the first time in over eight years, and it pulled an excursion between [[Dearborn Station]] in Chicago and [[South Bend, Indiana]], commemorating the 50th anniversary of the locomotive's 1918 construction date.<ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=November 7, 1968 |title=Ernest Millers and Friends Take Anniversary Steam Excursion Trip Sunday |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/marengo-beaconrepublican-news-ernest-mi/157907290/ |access-date=October 27, 2024 |work=Marengo Republican-News |pages=22 |via=Newspapers.com |volume=103 |issue=29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=February 1969 |title=Steam News Photos |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/magazine/archive-access/trains-february-1969/ |url-access=limited |access-date=February 8, 2024 |magazine=Trains |publisher=Kalmbach Publishing |page=12 |volume=29 |issue=4}}</ref> On March 23, 1969, No. 4070 pulled a second GTW excursion between Chicago and South Bend, but the run was plagued with various problems; No. 4070 ran out of water while in motion; it broke down from poor quality coal; when the excursion's conductors and brakemen's legal working limits ran out, the train had to sit at [[Valparaiso, Indiana|Valparaiso]] to wait for a new crew to arrive; while waiting at Valparaiso, No. 4070 ran out of steam for its generator, resulting in a power outage in its passenger cars.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite news |date=March 25, 1969 |title=Railfan Enthusiasts |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/vidette-messenger-of-porter-county-railf/157907357/ |access-date=October 27, 2024 |work=The Vidette-Messenger |page=1 |via=Newspapers.com |volume=41 |issue=224}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite news |last=Pratt |first=Steven |date=March 25, 1969 |title=Steam Train Buffs End Trip in Humiliation |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-steam-train-buffs-end-tr/157907407/ |access-date=October 27, 2024 |work=[[Chicago Tribune]] |department=Section 1A |page=3 |via=Newspapers.com |volume=122 |issue=84}}</ref> No. 4070 and its train had to be towed by a diesel-powered freight train, and it returned to Chicago over nine hours late at 5:00 am the following day.<ref name=":6">{{Cite magazine |date=November–December 1991 |title=Obituaries: Richard Jensen |magazine=Locomotive & Railway Preservation |page=60}}</ref><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":8" />
On August 31, No. 4070 pulled its first official MRHF excursion from [[Erie, Pennsylvania|Erie]] to [[Greenville, Pennsylvania]] on the [[Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad|Bessemer and Lake Erie]] (B&LE) mainline.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 21, 1969 |title=Steam Railroad Excursion Reset |pages=3 |work=The News-Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/96938269/?terms=Grand%20Trunk%20Western%204070&match=1 |access-date=March 27, 2022}}</ref> In 1971, MRHF bought out their lease with Lou Keller, gaining full ownership of the No. 4070. From 1971 to 1973, the MRHF leased a {{Convert|1|mi|km|abbr=out|adj=on}} spur from the B&LE at [[Conneaut Lake Park]], and No. 4070 was used to pull summer weekend excursions on the line.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Harvp|Johnson|1980|p=52}}</ref> Unsatisfied with the length of the spur, the MRHF searched for a longer railroad to run excursions with No. 4070.<ref name=":3" /> [[File:CUYAHOGA VALLEY LINE STEAM POWERED WEEKEND PASSENGER TRAIN CROSSES THE CUYAHOGA RIVER AT THE DEEP LOCK QUARRY, A PARK... - NARA - 557960.jpg|left|thumb|No. 4070 crossing the [[Cuyahoga River]] near Akron, Ohio, in September 1975]]
The MRHF approached the [[Chessie System]] to operate regular steam excursion trains on their former [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad|Baltimore and Ohio]] (B&O) [[Valley Railway|Valley Division]] between Cleveland and [[Akron, Ohio]], and with local community leaders supporting the idea, it led to the formation of the [[Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad|Cuyahoga Valley Preservation and Scenic Railway Association]] (CVP&SRA).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite magazine |last=Perri |first=Mark |date=June 2001 |title=An update from along the Crooked River |magazine=Railpace |publisher=Railpace Company, Inc. |pages=28 |volume=20 |issue=6}}</ref> Chessie System chairman [[Cyrus S. Eaton|Cyrus Eaton]] generously agreed to allow the foundation trackage rights.<ref name=":3" /> No. 4070 was relocated to a leased stall at the former B&O Clark Avenue roundhouse in Cleveland.<ref name=":3" /> On June 26, 1975, No. 4070 pulled the new Cuyahoga Valley Line's (CVL) inaugural train from Brookside Park outside the [[Cleveland Metroparks Zoo|Cleveland Zoo]] to [[Hale Farm and Village]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":7" />

During the first operations seasons of the CVL, every excursion train was mandated to be assisted by a Chessie diesel locomotive for whenever No. 4070 suffered a mechanical problem, but as the MRHF proved the locomotive's reliability, the requirement was lifted in later years.<ref name=":3" /> In September 1975, No. 4070 was moved to [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania, and it pulled three excursions for Steam Tours, Inc. on the [[Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad|Pittsburgh and Lake Erie]] (P&LE) mainline between Pittsburgh and [[Brownsville, Pennsylvania|Brownsville]].<ref name=":3" /> During the first excursion, the fireman was struggling to get the locomotive's [[Mechanical stoker#Some notable types|Duplex stoker]] to work before he resorted to hand firing it for the remainder of the run.<ref name=":3" /> In May 1977, No. 4070 pulled two more excursions for Steam Tours while doubleheading with [[Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad 2102|Reading 2102]] on the [[Conrail]] mainline between Pittsburgh and [[Altoona, Pennsylvania]], and en route, the two locomotives travelled over the [[Horseshoe Curve (Pennsylvania)|Horseshoe Curve]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=August 1977 |title=Railroad News Photos |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/magazine/archive-access/trains-august-1977/ |url-access=limited |access-date=February 13, 2024 |magazine=Trains |publisher=Kalmbach Publishing |page=18 |volume=37 |issue=10}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite magazine |date=October 1977 |title=Railroad News Photos |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/magazine/archive-access/trains-october-1977/ |access-date=January 10, 2024 |magazine=Trains |publisher=Kalmbach Publishing |page=18 |volume=37 |issue=12}}</ref>

In 1982, No. 4070 pulled an excursion train on the CVL while being fitted with a headboard that stated “The American Flyer”. In September 1983, No. 4070 was temporarily masqueraded as a [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad|Chicago, Burlington and Quincy]] locomotive, and it was ferried to the [[New York and Lake Erie Railroad]] in [[South Dayton, New York]] for filming of [[The Natural (film)|''The Natural'']], a 1984 baseball film starring [[Robert Redford]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=December 1983 |title=Railroad News Photos |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/magazine/archive-access/trains-december-1983/ |url-access=limited |access-date=February 12, 2024 |magazine=Trains |publisher=Kalmbach Publishing |page=19 |volume=44 |issue=2}}</ref>

In 1985, No. 4070 was removed from service, since Chessie successor [[CSX Transportation|CSX]] had obtained permission to abandon the Valley Division, undermining the CVL’s operations.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite magazine |date=January 1988 |title=Arrivals & Departures - Tourist Capers |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/magazine/archive-access/trains-january-1988/ |url-access=limited |access-date=February 14, 2024 |magazine=Trains |publisher=Kalmbach Publishing |page=11 |volume=48 |issue=3}}</ref> In 1987, the [[National Park Service]] (NPS) purchased the Valley Division with the intention of making the right-of-way an integral part of the [[Cuyahoga Valley National Park|Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area]], and the CVL was able to resume operations with No. 4070 the following year.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":11" /><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=December 1988 |title=Railroad News Photos |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/magazine/archive-access/trains-december-1988/ |url-access=limited |access-date=February 14, 2024 |magazine=Trains |publisher=Kalmbach Publishing |page=17 |volume=49 |issue=2}}</ref>

No. 4070 continued service on the CVL until 1990, when it suffered some major mechanical difficulties.<ref name=":5" /> Upon inspection, the locomotive was found to be in need of a major rebuild. Since the cost of the rebuild proved to be expensive, No. 4070 was retired from excursion service, and the CVL went on to operate their own excursions without the MRHF's assistance.<ref name=":7" /> Dissembly of No. 4070 began, and it continued at a slow pace during the 1990s. Financial difficulties within the MRHF at the time and a stall collapse of the Cleveland roundhouse dwindled work on No. 4070 before it stopped.

===Disposition===
[[File:Front view - GTW 4070 Light Mikado.jpg|left|thumb|No. 4070 undergoing restoration inside the Ex-Baltimore and Ohio roundhouse in Cleveland, on September 9, 2017]]
In 2011, the process of restoring No. 4070 to operational condition began by members of the Midwest Railway Preservation Society (MRPS). The locomotive's boiler and tender both underwent ultrasonic testing. The locomotive's drypipe, and front and rear tube sheets were found to be in need of replacing. The smokebox, firebox, frame, running gear, tender and many assorted parts needed major work before No. 4070 was able to run again. No. 4070's restoration was estimated to cost $1,290,000 to complete. As of 2024, the MRPS has re-organized their portion of the roundhouse for more suitable space to work on No. 4070, and they have seamed the crack the locomotive's frame has had from its 1955 turntable accident.

{{Clear left}}

== Accidents and incidents ==

* On June 9, 1955, No. 3734 fell into a turntable pit at Milwaukee Junction in Detroit, when the locomotive’s air pump failed.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Morgan |first=David P. |date=April 1981 |title=It's the pits |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/magazine/archive-access/trains-april-1981/ |url-access=limited |access-date=February 9, 2024 |magazine=Trains |page=24 |volume=41 |issue=6}}</ref> No. 3734 was quickly repaired.
* In May 1977, during the return run of the first doubleheader excursion with Reading 2102, No. 4070 snapped its right eccentric rod at speed while climbing the curve, and the excursion had to be completed behind diesel locomotives.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> The damaged eccentric rod was subsequently repaired, and No. 4070 completed the second doubleheader excursion without incident.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />
* On June 10, 1979, No. 4070 derailed as it was pulling a CVL train at a rail yard in Akron, and a Chessie diesel locomotive had to return the train to Cleveland, while two locomotives had to re-rail No. 4070.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=September 1979 |title=Railroad News Photos |url=https://www.trains.com/trn/magazine/archive-access/trains-september-1979/ |url-access=limited |access-date=February 13, 2024 |magazine=Trains |publisher=Kalmbach Publishing |page=17 |volume=39 |issue=11}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Canadian National 3254]]
*[[Canadian National 3254]]
⚫
*[[Nickel Plate Road 587]]
*[[Grand Canyon Railway 4960]]
*[[Grand Canyon Railway 4960]]
*[[Grand Trunk Western 5629]]
*[[Grand Trunk Western 6325]]
⚫
*[[Nickel Plate Road 587]]
*[[Southern Railway 4501]]
*[[Southern Railway 4501]]
*[[Soo Line 1003]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}} "Evening Before The Diesel" by Charles R. Foss
{{Reflist}}"Evening Before The Diesel" by Charles R. Foss

== Bibliography ==

* {{Cite magazine |last=Johnson |first=Ronald |date=July 1980 |title=The Cuyahoga Valley Line |magazine=Railfan & Railroad |publisher=Carstens Publications |pages=50–52 |volume=3 |issue=5}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Grand Trunk Western 4070}}
*[http://www.rrpicturearchives.net/locopicture.aspx?id=88096 Railroad Picture Archive: GTW 4070]
*[https://midwestrailway.org/about-the-4070-mikado/ About The 4070 Mikado - Midwest Railway Preservation Society]


[[Category:2-8-2 locomotives]]
[[Category:2-8-2 locomotives]]
[[Category: ALCO locomotives]]
[[Category:ALCO locomotives]]
[[Category: Individual locomotives of the United States]]
[[Category:Individual locomotives of the United States]]
[[Category: Preserved steam locomotives of the United States]]
[[Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1918]]
[[Category: Railway locomotives introduced in 1918]]
[[Category:Standard gauge locomotives of the United States]]
[[Category: Standard gauge locomotives of the United States]]

*[http://steamlocomotive.com] Steamlocomotive.com
[[Category:Preserved steam locomotives of Ohio]]
[[Category:Preserved steam locomotives of Ohio]]
[[Category:Grand Trunk Western Railroad]]
[[Category:Grand Trunk Western Railroad|4070]]

Latest revision as of 17:01, 20 December 2024

Grand Trunk Western 4070
GTW 4070 pulling an excursion in Indiana, on November 3, 1968
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
BuilderAmerican Locomotive Company (ALCO)
Order numberS 1259
Serial number60319
ModelS3a
Build dateDecember 1918
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte2-8-2
 • UIC1’D1
Gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Driver dia.63 in (1,600 mm)
Wheelbase71.45 ft (21.78 m) ​
 • Engine36.08 ft (11.00 m)
 • Drivers16.75 ft (5.11 m)
Adhesive weight231,000 lb (105,000 kg)
Loco weight306,500 lb (139,000 kg)
Tender weight187,500 lb (85,000 kg)
Total weight494,000 lb (224,000 kg)
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity16 t (16 long tons; 18 short tons) (S3a)
18 t (18 long tons; 20 short tons) (S3c)
Water cap.10,000 US gal (38,000 L; 8,300 imp gal) (S3a)
12,000 US gal (45,000 L; 10,000 imp gal) (S3c)
Firebox:​
 • Grate area66.7 sq ft (6.20 m2)
Boiler pressure200 psi (1.38 MPa)
Heating surface:​
 • Firebox259 sq ft (24.1 m2)
CylindersTwo, outside
Cylinder size26 in × 30 in (660 mm × 760 mm)
Performance figures
Maximum speed65 miles per hour (105 km/h)
Tractive effort54,724 lb (24,822 kg) = 55%
Factor of adh.4.23
Career
OperatorsGrand Trunk Railway
Grand Trunk Western
Midwest Railway Preservation Society
ClassS-3-a locomotive, S-3-c tender
Numbers
  • GTR 474
  • GTW 3734
  • GTW 4070
  • CB&Q 4070
RetiredMarch 29, 1960 (revenue service)
1990 (1st excursion service)
Preserved1961
RestoredNovember 3, 1968 (1st restoration)
Current ownerMidwest Railway Preservation Society, successor to Midwest Railway Historical Foundation
DispositionUndergoing restoration to operating condition

Grand Trunk Western No. 4070 is an S-3-a class 2-8-2 USRA Light Mikado steam locomotive, and it was originally built by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in December 1918 for the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) as No. 474. It was later re-numbered to 3734 by the Grand Trunk Western (GTW), after the GTR was absorbed into Canadian National (CN). In the late 1950s, the locomotive received a larger tender from an S-3-c class locomotive, and it was further re-numbered to 4070.

In 1960, No. 4070 was retired from revenue service, and it was subsequently sold to Lou Keller, who in turn sold it to the Midwest Railway Preservation Society (MRPS). The MRPS restored the locomotive to operating condition in 1968, and they used it to pull a number of excursions on the Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad, and later the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad (CVSR). In 1990, the locomotive was taken out of service for an overhaul. As of 2024, the locomotive is undergoing restoration to operating condition by the MRPS.

History

[edit]

Revenue service

[edit]

No. 4070—originally numbered 474—was built in December 1918 by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in Schenectady, New York, as part of the United States Railroad Administration's (USRA) order for forty Light Mikado locomotives (Nos. 440-479) to be assigned to the Grand Trunk Railway.[1][2][3] The locomotive was primarily assigned in revenue service to pull freight and commuter trains out of Detroit, Michigan.[1]

In 1925, following the GTR's acquisition by the Canadian National Railway (CN) and reorganization as the Grand Trunk Western (GTW), No. 474 was renumbered to 3734—the rest of the S-3-a's were renumbered as 3700-3739—and it was rebuilt with an extended smokebox and an enclosed coffin feedwater heater.[1][2] After 1942, No. 3734 was one of only five S-3-a's (Nos. 3717, 3723, 3732, 3734, and 3735) that remained on the GTW, with the rest being transferred to CN and the Central Vermont Railway.[2] In 1948, the No. 3734 was selected to serve as a backup locomotive for President Harry Truman's re-election train, which ran through Michigan.[1]

During the 1950s, No. 3734 was primarily relegated to operate out of Durand, Michigan.[1] In 1958, the locomotive was rebuilt at the GTW's Battle Creek, Michigan shops with a larger tender from a retired S-3-c class 2-8-2, boosting its coal capacity to 18 tonnes (18,000 kg) and water capacity to 12,000 U.S. gallons (10,000 imp gal).[1][2][4] It was also renumbered again to 4070, to avoid duplication with CN's new fleet of 3700 series RS-18 locomotives.[1][2][4]

No. 4070 was last assigned by the GTW to the "Oxford gravel run" in the Cass City Subdivision, where it pulled gravel and limestone trains between Pontiac and Oxford, Michigan.[1][2][5] No. 4070 was retired from revenue service on March 29, 1960, after it pulled its final revenue train from Pontiac to Durand, and the GTW completed dieselization of their operations that same month.[5]

Excursion service

[edit]

No. 4070 was subsequently stored in Durand, and a nonprofit organization in Middleville, Michigan—called the National Museum of Steam Propulsion—began raising funds to acquire the locomotive, with funds being obtained from GTW excursions behind 4-8-4 No. 6323.[6][7][8] The Museum scheduled for No. 4070 to pull their own excursion trains throughout Michigan, beginning with a July 29, 1961 excursion on the New York Central (NYC) mainline between Grand Rapids and Jackson.[6][8][9] For unknown reasons, all their plans with the locomotive had fallen through, and the organization quickly dissolved.

By the end of 1961, No. 4070 was purchased by Louis S. Keller, a member of the National Railway Historical Society's (NRHS) Iowa Chapter.[5][10] In May 1966, the Midwest Railway Historical Foundation (MRHF) of Cleveland, Ohio reached an agreement with Keller to lease the locomotive for five-years and restore it to operating condition, and No. 4070 was moved into storage under the Cleveland Union Terminal.[10][11][12] In December 1967, No. 4070 was moved again to the Chicago and Western Indiana's (C&WI) 47th Street Roundhouse in Chicago, Illinois, where the MRHF contracted Richard “Dick” Jensen and his crew to help restore the locomotive.[5][12][13]

As part of the agreement, Jensen would use No. 4070 to pull two passenger excursions on the GTW mainline.[5][12] On November 3, 1968, No. 4070 operated for the first time in over eight years, and it pulled an excursion between Dearborn Station in Chicago and South Bend, Indiana, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the locomotive's 1918 construction date.[12][14][15] On March 23, 1969, No. 4070 pulled a second GTW excursion between Chicago and South Bend, but the run was plagued with various problems; No. 4070 ran out of water while in motion; it broke down from poor quality coal; when the excursion's conductors and brakemen's legal working limits ran out, the train had to sit at Valparaiso to wait for a new crew to arrive; while waiting at Valparaiso, No. 4070 ran out of steam for its generator, resulting in a power outage in its passenger cars.[5][16][17] No. 4070 and its train had to be towed by a diesel-powered freight train, and it returned to Chicago over nine hours late at 5:00 am the following day.[18][16][17]

On August 31, No. 4070 pulled its first official MRHF excursion from Erie to Greenville, Pennsylvania on the Bessemer and Lake Erie (B&LE) mainline.[5][19] In 1971, MRHF bought out their lease with Lou Keller, gaining full ownership of the No. 4070. From 1971 to 1973, the MRHF leased a 1-mile (1.6 km) spur from the B&LE at Conneaut Lake Park, and No. 4070 was used to pull summer weekend excursions on the line.[5][20] Unsatisfied with the length of the spur, the MRHF searched for a longer railroad to run excursions with No. 4070.[20]

No. 4070 crossing the Cuyahoga River near Akron, Ohio, in September 1975

The MRHF approached the Chessie System to operate regular steam excursion trains on their former Baltimore and Ohio (B&O) Valley Division between Cleveland and Akron, Ohio, and with local community leaders supporting the idea, it led to the formation of the Cuyahoga Valley Preservation and Scenic Railway Association (CVP&SRA).[1][20][21] Chessie System chairman Cyrus Eaton generously agreed to allow the foundation trackage rights.[20] No. 4070 was relocated to a leased stall at the former B&O Clark Avenue roundhouse in Cleveland.[20] On June 26, 1975, No. 4070 pulled the new Cuyahoga Valley Line's (CVL) inaugural train from Brookside Park outside the Cleveland Zoo to Hale Farm and Village.[20][21]

During the first operations seasons of the CVL, every excursion train was mandated to be assisted by a Chessie diesel locomotive for whenever No. 4070 suffered a mechanical problem, but as the MRHF proved the locomotive's reliability, the requirement was lifted in later years.[20] In September 1975, No. 4070 was moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and it pulled three excursions for Steam Tours, Inc. on the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie (P&LE) mainline between Pittsburgh and Brownsville.[20] During the first excursion, the fireman was struggling to get the locomotive's Duplex stoker to work before he resorted to hand firing it for the remainder of the run.[20] In May 1977, No. 4070 pulled two more excursions for Steam Tours while doubleheading with Reading 2102 on the Conrail mainline between Pittsburgh and Altoona, Pennsylvania, and en route, the two locomotives travelled over the Horseshoe Curve.[20][22][23]

In 1982, No. 4070 pulled an excursion train on the CVL while being fitted with a headboard that stated “The American Flyer”. In September 1983, No. 4070 was temporarily masqueraded as a Chicago, Burlington and Quincy locomotive, and it was ferried to the New York and Lake Erie Railroad in South Dayton, New York for filming of The Natural, a 1984 baseball film starring Robert Redford.[24]

In 1985, No. 4070 was removed from service, since Chessie successor CSX had obtained permission to abandon the Valley Division, undermining the CVL’s operations.[21][25] In 1987, the National Park Service (NPS) purchased the Valley Division with the intention of making the right-of-way an integral part of the Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area, and the CVL was able to resume operations with No. 4070 the following year.[21][25][26]

No. 4070 continued service on the CVL until 1990, when it suffered some major mechanical difficulties.[4] Upon inspection, the locomotive was found to be in need of a major rebuild. Since the cost of the rebuild proved to be expensive, No. 4070 was retired from excursion service, and the CVL went on to operate their own excursions without the MRHF's assistance.[21] Dissembly of No. 4070 began, and it continued at a slow pace during the 1990s. Financial difficulties within the MRHF at the time and a stall collapse of the Cleveland roundhouse dwindled work on No. 4070 before it stopped.

Disposition

[edit]
No. 4070 undergoing restoration inside the Ex-Baltimore and Ohio roundhouse in Cleveland, on September 9, 2017

In 2011, the process of restoring No. 4070 to operational condition began by members of the Midwest Railway Preservation Society (MRPS). The locomotive's boiler and tender both underwent ultrasonic testing. The locomotive's drypipe, and front and rear tube sheets were found to be in need of replacing. The smokebox, firebox, frame, running gear, tender and many assorted parts needed major work before No. 4070 was able to run again. No. 4070's restoration was estimated to cost $1,290,000 to complete. As of 2024, the MRPS has re-organized their portion of the roundhouse for more suitable space to work on No. 4070, and they have seamed the crack the locomotive's frame has had from its 1955 turntable accident.

Accidents and incidents

[edit]
  • On June 9, 1955, No. 3734 fell into a turntable pit at Milwaukee Junction in Detroit, when the locomotive’s air pump failed.[27] No. 3734 was quickly repaired.
  • In May 1977, during the return run of the first doubleheader excursion with Reading 2102, No. 4070 snapped its right eccentric rod at speed while climbing the curve, and the excursion had to be completed behind diesel locomotives.[20][23] The damaged eccentric rod was subsequently repaired, and No. 4070 completed the second doubleheader excursion without incident.[20][23]
  • On June 10, 1979, No. 4070 derailed as it was pulling a CVL train at a rail yard in Akron, and a Chessie diesel locomotive had to return the train to Cleveland, while two locomotives had to re-rail No. 4070.[28]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Johnson (1980), p. 50
  2. ^ a b c d e f Pinkepank, Jerry (2003). Grand Trunk Western in Color - Vol 1: Steam & Green, 1941-1961. Scotch Plains, New Jersey: Morning Sun Books, Inc. pp. 15, 108–109. ISBN 1-58248-112-1.
  3. ^ Clegg, Anthony; Corley, Ray (1969). Canadian National Steam Power. Trains & Trolleys: Montreal. pp. 91–95.
  4. ^ a b c Ingles, J. David (Spring 2018). "America's Last Real Steam Show". Classic Trains. Vol. 19, no. 1. Kalmbach Publishing. pp. 23–27. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Johnson (1980), p. 51
  6. ^ a b "Steam! News Photos". Trains. Vol. 22, no. 2. Kalmbach Publishing. December 1961. p. 10. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  7. ^ "Steam Engine Will Be Used On Rail Excursion". Lansing State Journal. Vol. 170. July 16, 1961. p. 26. Retrieved October 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ^ a b "Steam Train Lovers Plan Benefit". Detroit Free Press. Vol. 130, no. 347. April 16, 1961. p. 12. Retrieved October 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ Millhone, John (April 24, 1961). "Old 6323 Rolls". Detroit Free Press. Vol. 130, no. 355. p. 29.
  10. ^ a b Murphey, Frances B. (May 22, 1966). "Iron 'Baby' Arrives - Railroad Buffs Now Have Whole Train". Akron Beacon Journal. p. 103. Retrieved October 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ "Minutes of Meetings, Midwest Chapter-National Railway Historical Society," June 4, 1966
  12. ^ a b c d "Steam News Photos". Trains. Vol. 29, no. 1. November 1968. p. 13. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  13. ^ "Minutes of Meetings, Midwest Chapter-National Railway Historical Society," December 2, 1967
  14. ^ "Ernest Millers and Friends Take Anniversary Steam Excursion Trip Sunday". Marengo Republican-News. Vol. 103, no. 29. November 7, 1968. p. 22. Retrieved October 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ "Steam News Photos". Trains. Vol. 29, no. 4. Kalmbach Publishing. February 1969. p. 12. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  16. ^ a b "Railfan Enthusiasts". The Vidette-Messenger. Vol. 41, no. 224. March 25, 1969. p. 1. Retrieved October 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ^ a b Pratt, Steven (March 25, 1969). "Steam Train Buffs End Trip in Humiliation". Section 1A. Chicago Tribune. Vol. 122, no. 84. p. 3. Retrieved October 27, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ "Obituaries: Richard Jensen". Locomotive & Railway Preservation. November–December 1991. p. 60.
  19. ^ "Steam Railroad Excursion Reset". The News-Herald. August 21, 1969. p. 3. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Johnson (1980), p. 52
  21. ^ a b c d e Perri, Mark (June 2001). "An update from along the Crooked River". Railpace. Vol. 20, no. 6. Railpace Company, Inc. p. 28.
  22. ^ "Railroad News Photos". Trains. Vol. 37, no. 10. Kalmbach Publishing. August 1977. p. 18. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
  23. ^ a b c "Railroad News Photos". Trains. Vol. 37, no. 12. Kalmbach Publishing. October 1977. p. 18. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
  24. ^ "Railroad News Photos". Trains. Vol. 44, no. 2. Kalmbach Publishing. December 1983. p. 19. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  25. ^ a b "Arrivals & Departures - Tourist Capers". Trains. Vol. 48, no. 3. Kalmbach Publishing. January 1988. p. 11. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
  26. ^ "Railroad News Photos". Trains. Vol. 49, no. 2. Kalmbach Publishing. December 1988. p. 17. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
  27. ^ Morgan, David P. (April 1981). "It's the pits". Trains. Vol. 41, no. 6. p. 24. Retrieved February 9, 2024.
  28. ^ "Railroad News Photos". Trains. Vol. 39, no. 11. Kalmbach Publishing. September 1979. p. 17. Retrieved February 13, 2024.

"Evening Before The Diesel" by Charles R. Foss

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Johnson, Ronald (July 1980). "The Cuyahoga Valley Line". Railfan & Railroad. Vol. 3, no. 5. Carstens Publications. pp. 50–52.
[edit]
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