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| successor2 = {{unbulleted list| Brian Stapylton}}
| successor2 = {{unbulleted list| Brian Stapylton}}
| birth_name = Christopher Vane
| birth_name = Christopher Vane
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1653|5|21}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1653|5|21|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1723|10|28|1653|5|21}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1723|10|28|1653|5|21|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Shipbourne]], [[Kent]], England
| death_place = [[Shipbourne]], Kent, England
| parents = [[Henry Vane the Younger]]<br>Frances Wray
| parents = [[Henry Vane the Younger]]<br>Frances Wray
| children = [[William Vane, 1st Viscount Vane]]<br>Henry Vane<br>Gilbert Vane, 2nd Baron Barnard
| children = [[William Vane, 1st Viscount Vane]]<br>Henry Vane<br>Gilbert Vane, 2nd Baron Barnard
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}}
}}
'''Christopher Vane, 1st Baron Barnard''' (21 May 1653 – 28 October 1723) was an [[British peerage|English peer]]. He served in Parliament for Durham after his brother, Thomas, died 4 days after being elected the MP for Durham. Then, again from January 1689 - November 1690 for Boroughbridge. He served in the Commons as a Whig collaborator during the passage of the Bill of Rights which his father, Sir Henry Vane, the Younger had fought for religious and civil liberty<ref>Forster p. 201-202</ref><ref>King p. 189-190</ref><ref>Willcock p. 347</ref> before his beheading in 1662. He is known for his disputes with his heirs and for employing Peter Smart, father of the poet [[Christopher Smart]], as a steward.
'''Christopher Vane, 1st Baron Barnard''' (21 May 1653 – 28 October 1723), was an [[British peerage|English peer]]. He served in Parliament for Durham after his brother, Thomas, died 4 days after being elected the MP for Durham. Then, again from January 1689 to November 1690 for Boroughbridge. He served in the Commons as a Whig collaborator during the passage of the Bill of Rights which his father, Sir Henry Vane the Younger, had fought for religious and civil liberty<ref>Forster, pp. 201–202.</ref><ref>King, pp. 189–190.</ref><ref>Willcock, p. 347.</ref> before his beheading in 1662. He is known for his disputes with his heirs and for employing Peter Smart, father of the poet [[Christopher Smart]], as a steward.


==Early life==
==Early life==
[[File:Arms of Vane.svg|thumb|left|200px|Arms of Vane: ''Azure, three sinister gauntlets (appaumée) or''<ref>Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.115, which omits ''appaumée'', useful in differentiating from Fane arms; concerning ''appaumée'' Cussans (1898) states: "In blazoning a Hand, besides stating what position it occupies, and whether it be the dexter or sinister, and erased or couped, it must be mentioned whether it be clenched or appaumé". (Cussans, John, ''Handbook of Heraldry'', 2nd Edition, London, 1868, p.47 [https://archive.org/stream/handbookofherald00cuss_0/handbookofherald00cuss_0_djvu.txt], p.92)</ref> These are a [[difference (heraldry)|difference]] of the arms of the ''Fane'' family, [[Earl of Westmorland|Earls of Westmorland]] from 1624, which show: ''three dexter gauntlets back affrontée'', with identical tinctures]]
[[File:Arms of Vane.svg|thumb|left|200px|Arms of Vane: ''Azure, three sinister gauntlets (appaumée) or''<ref>Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 115, which omits ''appaumée'', useful in differentiating from Fane arms; concerning ''appaumée'' Cussans (1898) states: "In blazoning a Hand, besides stating what position it occupies, and whether it be the dexter or sinister, and erased or couped, it must be mentioned whether it be clenched or appaumé". (Cussans, John, ''Handbook of Heraldry'', 2nd Edition, London, 1868, p. 47 [https://archive.org/stream/handbookofherald00cuss_0/handbookofherald00cuss_0_djvu.txt], p. 92)</ref> These are a [[difference (heraldry)|difference]] of the arms of the ''Fane'' family, [[Earl of Westmorland|Earls of Westmorland]] from 1624, which show: ''three dexter gauntlets back affrontée'', with identical tinctures]]
Christopher Vane was the son of [[Henry Vane the Younger]] and Frances Wray, daughter of [[Christopher Wray (MP)|Sir Christopher Wray]]. He inherited [[Raby Castle]], [[Durham, England|Durham]] and [[Shipbourne|Fairlawne]], [[Kent]],<ref name="Mounsey p. 23">Mounsey p. 23</ref> on the beheading of his father at [[Tower Hill]] in 1662.<ref>Sherbo p. 3</ref>
Christopher Vane was the son of [[Henry Vane the Younger]] and Frances Wray, daughter of [[Christopher Wray (MP)|Sir Christopher Wray]]. He inherited [[Raby Castle]], Durham, and [[Shipbourne|Fairlawne]], Kent,<ref name=mounsey23>Mounsey, p. 23.</ref> on the beheading of his father at [[Tower Hill]] in 1662.<ref>Sherbo, p. 3.</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
Vane was [[Member of Parliament|MP]] for [[County Durham]] from 1675 to 1679, and a [[British Whig Party|Whig]] sitting for [[Boroughbridge (UK Parliament constituency)|Boroughbridge]] from January 1689 to November 1690 (removed by petition of Sir Brian Stayplton). He was made a [[Privy council|Privy counsellor]] in July 1688, and in 1698, was created Baron Barnard of [[Barnard Castle]] by [[William III of England|William III]].<ref name="Mounsey p. 23"/>
Vane was [[Member of Parliament|MP]] for [[County Durham]] from 1675 to 1679, and a [[British Whig Party|Whig]] sitting for [[Boroughbridge (UK Parliament constituency)|Boroughbridge]] from January 1689 to November 1690 (removed by petition of Sir Brian Stayplton). He was made a [[Privy council|Privy counsellor]] in July 1688, and in 1698, was created Baron Barnard of [[Barnard Castle]] by [[William III of England|William III]].<ref name=mounsey23/>


During his time at Raby Castle, Christopher hired John Bazire and Peter Smart, father of Christopher Smart.<ref name="Mounsey p. 24">Mounsey p. 24</ref> A struggle between his wife and his daughter-in-law Lucy Jolliffe ensued after 1703 and Christopher refused to pay the inheritance annuity to his son, William, after William was to be given the [[Shipbourne|Fairlawne]] estate.<ref name="Mounsey p. 23"/> Christopher accomplished this task by giving Fairlawne and Raby Castle to John Bazire and Peter Smart "for the use of the said Lord Barnard and his heirs forever."<ref name="Sherbo p. 4">Sherbo p. 4</ref> William took a lawsuit over the inheritance to the House of Lords, and during this time Christopher and his wife lived at Raby Castle.<ref name="Mounsey p. 23"/>
During his time at Raby Castle, Christopher hired John Bazire and Peter Smart, father of Christopher Smart.<ref name=mounsey24>Mounsey, p. 24.</ref> A struggle between his wife and his daughter-in-law Lucy Jolliffe ensued after 1703 and Christopher refused to pay the inheritance annuity to his son, William, after William was to be given the [[Shipbourne|Fairlawne]] estate.<ref name=mounsey23/> Christopher accomplished this task by giving Fairlawne and Raby Castle to John Bazire and Peter Smart "for the use of the said Lord Barnard and his heirs forever."<ref name=sherbo4>Sherbo, p. 4.</ref> William took a lawsuit over the inheritance to the [[House of Lords]], and during this time Christopher and his wife lived at Raby Castle.<ref name=mounsey23/>

⚫
===Later years===
⚫
When his son Gilbert married Mary Randyll, Elizabeth started a quarrel with her daughter-in-law, which forced Christopher and Elizabeth to move back to Fairlawne.<ref name="Mounsey p. 24"/> Mary was described as "scandalous" by Christopher Vane (and it thought that her daughter, [[Anne Vane]], followed her mother's example.<ref name=odnbanne>Matthew Kilburn, 'Vane, Anne (d. 1736)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2008 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28083, accessed 19 Feb 2017]</ref> In 1712, Christopher hired John Proud, the steward of Raby Castle, to engage 200 workmen to strip the castle.<ref name="Sherbo p. 4"/><ref name="Mounsey p. 25">Mounsey p. 25</ref> Owen Stanley Scott described the way that the castle was stripped:
⚫
:"of its lead, glass, doors, and furniture, even pulling up the floors, cutting down the timber, and destroying the deer, and 'of a sudden in three days' did damage to the tune of £3000, holding a sale at which the household goods, lead, etc., were sold for what they would fetch"<ref>Scott p. 82</ref>
⚫
In response, Gilbert sued Christopher for the damages to the castle in the case ''Vane vs. Lord Barnard'' 1716.<ref name="Mounsey p. 25"/>


==Family==
==Family==
On 9 May 1676, he married Elizabeth Holles, daughter of [[Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare]]. There was immediate bad feeling between Christopher and Elizabeth, on one side, and her brother and co-heir [[John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne]].<ref name="Mounsey p. 23"/> They had three children:<ref name="BaronBarnard">{{cite web |title=Barnard, Baron (E, 1698) |url=http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/barnard1698.htm |website=cracroftspeerage.co.uk |publisher=Heraldic Media Limited |accessdate=19 May 2020}}</ref>
On 9 May 1676, he married [[Elizabeth Holles, Lady Barnard|Elizabeth Holles]], daughter of [[Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare]]. There was immediate bad feeling between Christopher and Elizabeth, on one side, and her brother and co-heir [[John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne]].<ref name=mounsey23/> They had three children:<ref name=baronbarnard>{{cite web |title=Barnard, Baron (E, 1698) |url=http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/barnard1698.htm |website=cracroftspeerage.co.uk |publisher=Heraldic Media Limited |access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref>


* Henry Vane (1676&ndash;1676), died in infancy.<ref name="BaronBarnard"/>
* Henry Vane (1676&ndash;1676), died in infancy.<ref name=baronbarnard/>
* Gilbert Vane, 2nd Baron Barnard (1678&ndash;1753), married to Mary Randyll (1681–1728), mother of [[Anne Vane|Anne]], mistress of [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]].<ref name="BaronBarnard"/>
* Gilbert Vane, 2nd Baron Barnard (1678&ndash;1753), married to Mary Randyll (1681–1728), mother of [[Anne Vane|Anne]], mistress of [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]].<ref name=baronbarnard/>
* [[William Vane, 1st Viscount Vane]] (c. 1680&ndash;1734), married to Lucy Jolliffe.<ref name="BaronBarnard"/>
* [[William Vane, 1st Viscount Vane]] (c. 1680&ndash;1734), married to Lucy Jolliffe.<ref name=baronbarnard/>

⚫
===Later years===
⚫
When his son Gilbert married Mary Randyll, Elizabeth started a quarrel with her daughter-in-law, which forced Christopher and Elizabeth to move back to Fairlawne.<ref name=mounsey24/> Mary was described as "scandalous" by Christopher Vane (and it was thought that her daughter, [[Anne Vane]], followed her mother's example.<ref>Matthew Kilburn, [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/28083 "Vane, Anne (d. 1736)"], Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2008, accessed 19 February 2017.</ref> In 1712, Christopher hired John Proud, the steward of Raby Castle, to engage 200 workmen to strip the castle.<ref name=sherbo4/><ref name=mounsey25>Mounsey, p. 25.</ref> Owen Stanley Scott described the way that the castle was stripped:
⚫
:"of its lead, glass, doors, and furniture, even pulling up the floors, cutting down the timber, and destroying the deer, and 'of a sudden in three days' did damage to the tune of £3000, holding a sale at which the household goods, lead, etc., were sold for what they would fetch"<ref>Scott, p. 82.</ref>
⚫
In response, Gilbert sued Christopher for the damages to the castle in the case ''Vane vs. Lord Barnard'' 1716.<ref name=mounsey25/>


He died on 28 October 1723, aged 70 at [[Shipbourne]], [[Kent]] and was buried in the parish church.<ref name="Sherbo p. 4"/> He wrote in a codicil to his will that Peter Smart would receive £40 a year.<ref name="Sherbo p. 4"/> Also, he bequeathed £200 to Christopher Smart and £50 to the other children of Peter Smart.<ref name="Mounsey p. 27">Mounsey p. 27</ref> The reason for Christopher Smart's legacy has been seen by some as a sign that the future poet was "the pride of Fairlawne";<ref>Sherbo p. 6</ref> others disagree without an offered explanation.<ref name="Mounsey p. 27"/> Christopher Smart never received this money, as it was tied up and lost in a court battle.<ref name="Mounsey p. 28">Mounsey p. 28</ref> In response to this loss, [[Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington]], Christopher's grandson through Gilbert, took the young Christopher Smart in at Raby Castle and paid for his education at Durham School.<ref name="Mounsey p. 28"/>
He died on 28 October 1723, aged 70 at [[Shipbourne]], Kent, and was buried in the parish church.<ref name=sherbo4/> He wrote in a codicil to his will that Peter Smart would receive £40 a year.<ref name=sherbo4/> Also, he bequeathed £200 to Christopher Smart and £50 to the other children of Peter Smart.<ref name=mounsey27>Mounsey, p. 27.</ref> The reason for Christopher Smart's legacy has been seen by some as a sign that the future poet was "the pride of Fairlawne";<ref>Sherbo, p. 6.</ref> others disagree without an offered explanation.<ref name=mounsey27/> Christopher Smart never received this money, as it was tied up and lost in a court battle.<ref name=mounsey28>Mounsey, p. 28.</ref> In response to this loss, [[Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington]], Christopher's grandson through Gilbert, took the young Christopher Smart in at Raby Castle and paid for his education at Durham School.<ref name=mounsey28 />


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 69: Line 69:
* Sherbo, Arthur. ''Christopher Smart: Scholar of the University.'' Michigan State University Press, 1967.
* Sherbo, Arthur. ''Christopher Smart: Scholar of the University.'' Michigan State University Press, 1967.


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{{s-ttl| title=[[Baron Barnard]]| years=1698–1723}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Baron Barnard]]|years=1698–1723}}
{{s-aft | after=[[Gilbert Vane, 2nd Baron Barnard|Gilbert Vane]] }}
{{s-aft|after=[[Gilbert Vane, 2nd Baron Barnard|Gilbert Vane]]}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Barnard, Christopher Vane, 1st Baron}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barnard, Christopher Vane, 1st Baron}}

Latest revision as of 20:41, 29 June 2024

The Right Honourable
The Lord Barnard
PC
Member of the English Parliament
for County Durham
In office
October 1675 – February 1679
Serving with John Tempest
Preceded by
  • John Tempest Thomas Vane
Succeeded by
  • Sir Robert Eden, Bt
Member of the English Parliament
for Boroughbridge
In office
January 1689 – November 1690
Preceded by
  • Thomas Mauleverer
Succeeded by
  • Brian Stapylton
Personal details
Born
Christopher Vane

(1653-05-21)21 May 1653
Died28 October 1723(1723-10-28) (aged 70)
Shipbourne, Kent, England
RelationsSir Christopher Wray (grandfather)
Anne Vane (granddaughter)
William Vane, 2nd Viscount Vane (grandson)
ChildrenWilliam Vane, 1st Viscount Vane
Henry Vane
Gilbert Vane, 2nd Baron Barnard
Parent(s)Henry Vane the Younger
Frances Wray

Christopher Vane, 1st Baron Barnard (21 May 1653 – 28 October 1723), was an English peer. He served in Parliament for Durham after his brother, Thomas, died 4 days after being elected the MP for Durham. Then, again from January 1689 to November 1690 for Boroughbridge. He served in the Commons as a Whig collaborator during the passage of the Bill of Rights which his father, Sir Henry Vane the Younger, had fought for religious and civil liberty[1][2][3] before his beheading in 1662. He is known for his disputes with his heirs and for employing Peter Smart, father of the poet Christopher Smart, as a steward.

Early life

[edit]
Arms of Vane: Azure, three sinister gauntlets (appaumée) or[4] These are a difference of the arms of the Fane family, Earls of Westmorland from 1624, which show: three dexter gauntlets back affrontée, with identical tinctures

Christopher Vane was the son of Henry Vane the Younger and Frances Wray, daughter of Sir Christopher Wray. He inherited Raby Castle, Durham, and Fairlawne, Kent,[5] on the beheading of his father at Tower Hill in 1662.[6]

Career

[edit]

Vane was MP for County Durham from 1675 to 1679, and a Whig sitting for Boroughbridge from January 1689 to November 1690 (removed by petition of Sir Brian Stayplton). He was made a Privy counsellor in July 1688, and in 1698, was created Baron Barnard of Barnard Castle by William III.[5]

During his time at Raby Castle, Christopher hired John Bazire and Peter Smart, father of Christopher Smart.[7] A struggle between his wife and his daughter-in-law Lucy Jolliffe ensued after 1703 and Christopher refused to pay the inheritance annuity to his son, William, after William was to be given the Fairlawne estate.[5] Christopher accomplished this task by giving Fairlawne and Raby Castle to John Bazire and Peter Smart "for the use of the said Lord Barnard and his heirs forever."[8] William took a lawsuit over the inheritance to the House of Lords, and during this time Christopher and his wife lived at Raby Castle.[5]

Family

[edit]

On 9 May 1676, he married Elizabeth Holles, daughter of Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare. There was immediate bad feeling between Christopher and Elizabeth, on one side, and her brother and co-heir John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.[5] They had three children:[9]

Later years

[edit]

When his son Gilbert married Mary Randyll, Elizabeth started a quarrel with her daughter-in-law, which forced Christopher and Elizabeth to move back to Fairlawne.[7] Mary was described as "scandalous" by Christopher Vane (and it was thought that her daughter, Anne Vane, followed her mother's example.[10] In 1712, Christopher hired John Proud, the steward of Raby Castle, to engage 200 workmen to strip the castle.[8][11] Owen Stanley Scott described the way that the castle was stripped:

"of its lead, glass, doors, and furniture, even pulling up the floors, cutting down the timber, and destroying the deer, and 'of a sudden in three days' did damage to the tune of £3000, holding a sale at which the household goods, lead, etc., were sold for what they would fetch"[12]

In response, Gilbert sued Christopher for the damages to the castle in the case Vane vs. Lord Barnard 1716.[11]

He died on 28 October 1723, aged 70 at Shipbourne, Kent, and was buried in the parish church.[8] He wrote in a codicil to his will that Peter Smart would receive £40 a year.[8] Also, he bequeathed £200 to Christopher Smart and £50 to the other children of Peter Smart.[13] The reason for Christopher Smart's legacy has been seen by some as a sign that the future poet was "the pride of Fairlawne";[14] others disagree without an offered explanation.[13] Christopher Smart never received this money, as it was tied up and lost in a court battle.[15] In response to this loss, Henry Vane, 1st Earl of Darlington, Christopher's grandson through Gilbert, took the young Christopher Smart in at Raby Castle and paid for his education at Durham School.[15]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Forster, pp. 201–202.
  2. ^ King, pp. 189–190.
  3. ^ Willcock, p. 347.
  4. ^ Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 115, which omits appaumée, useful in differentiating from Fane arms; concerning appaumée Cussans (1898) states: "In blazoning a Hand, besides stating what position it occupies, and whether it be the dexter or sinister, and erased or couped, it must be mentioned whether it be clenched or appaumé". (Cussans, John, Handbook of Heraldry, 2nd Edition, London, 1868, p. 47 [1], p. 92)
  5. ^ a b c d e Mounsey, p. 23.
  6. ^ Sherbo, p. 3.
  7. ^ a b Mounsey, p. 24.
  8. ^ a b c d Sherbo, p. 4.
  9. ^ a b c d "Barnard, Baron (E, 1698)". cracroftspeerage.co.uk. Heraldic Media Limited. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  10. ^ Matthew Kilburn, "Vane, Anne (d. 1736)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2008, accessed 19 February 2017.
  11. ^ a b Mounsey, p. 25.
  12. ^ Scott, p. 82.
  13. ^ a b Mounsey, p. 27.
  14. ^ Sherbo, p. 6.
  15. ^ a b Mounsey, p. 28.

References

[edit]
  • Forster, John, Esq. of the Inner Temple., Eminent British Statesmen, Vol 4, Sir Henry Vane the Younger, London: Printed by A. Sro'rrrswonue, 1838.
  • King, Henry Melville. Sir Henry Vane Jr.: Governor of Massachusetts and Friend of Roger Williams and Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island: Preston and Rounds Company, 1909.
  • Willcock, John, M. A., D. D. Life of Sir Henry Vane the Younger Statesman & Mystic, London: The Saint Catherine Press, 1913
  • Mounsey, Chris. Christopher Smart: Clown of God. London: Bucknell University Press, 2001.
  • Scott, Owen Stanley. Raby: its Castle and its Lords. Barnard Castle: Harry Ward, 1915.
  • Sherbo, Arthur. Christopher Smart: Scholar of the University. Michigan State University Press, 1967.
Parliament of England
Preceded by Member of Parliament for County Durham
October 1675 – February 1679
With: John Tempest 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for County Yorkshire
January 1689 – November 1690
With: Sir Henry Goodricke, 2nd Baronet 		Succeeded by
Peerage of England
New creation Baron Barnard
1698–1723 		Succeeded by
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