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Article 29 & 30 in [[Constitution of India]] seeks a principled distance between minorities as well as majority to protect, preserve and propagate their cultural, linguistic and religious identity through establishment of cultural and education institutions.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://ncm.nic.in/Constitutional_provisions.html | title=National Commission for Minorities}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://realitycheck.wordpress.com/2013/01/15/article30-series/ |title = Minority rights in India under Article 30 – a three part series|date = 2013-01-15}}</ref>
Article 29 & 30 in [[Constitution of India]] seeks a principled distance between minorities as well as majority to protect, preserve and propagate their cultural, linguistic and religious identity through establishment of cultural and education institutions.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://ncm.nic.in/Constitutional_provisions.html | title=National Commission for Minorities}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://realitycheck.wordpress.com/2013/01/15/article30-series/ |title = Minority rights in India under Article 30 – a three part series|date = 2013-01-15}}</ref>


The [[Haj subsidy]] is a subsidy given to [[Islam in India|Indian Muslim]] [[Hajj]] pilgrims by the Government of India. The program has its origins in British colonial era. In post-colonial era, the [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] government expanded the program in 1959 with the Hajj Act.<ref name=ha1959>[http://indiankanoon.org/doc/102428/ The Haj Committee Act, 1959] Government of India</ref> The subsidy and taxpayer funded arrangements initially applied to Muslim Indian pilgrims traveling for religious reasons to Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq, Iran and Jordan. Since 1973, pilgrims applying through the [[Haj Committee of India]] are offered a concessionary fare on [[Air India]].<ref name=facts>Press Information Bureau, [http://www.indianmuslims.info/book/export/html/14454 "Hajj operation in India 2006"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114112604/http://indianmuslims.info/book/export/html/14454 |date=2011-11-14 }}, December 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2009.</ref> The subsidy was withdrawn on January 16, 2018 as per the orders of the [[Supreme Court of India]].
The [[Haj subsidy]] is a subsidy given to [[Islam in India|Indian Muslim]] [[Hajj]] pilgrims by the Government of India. The program has its origins in British colonial era. In post-colonial era, the [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] government expanded the program in 1959 with the Hajj Act.<ref name=ha1959>[http://indiankanoon.org/doc/102428/ The Haj Committee Act, 1959] Government of India</ref> The subsidy and taxpayer funded arrangements initially applied to Muslim Indian pilgrims traveling for religious reasons to Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq, Iran and Jordan. Since 1973, pilgrims applying through the [[Haj Committee of India]] are offered a concessionary fare on [[Air India]].<ref name=facts>Press Information Bureau, {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114112604/http://indianmuslims.info/book/export/html/14454 "Hajj operation in India 2006"]}}, December 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2009.</ref> The subsidy was withdrawn on January 16, 2018 as per the orders of the [[Supreme Court of India]].


[[Central Wakf Council, India]] is an Indian [[statutory body]] established in 1964 by the [[Government of India]] under Wakf Act, 1954 (now a sub section the Wakf Act, 1995) for the purpose of advising it on matters pertaining to working of the State Wakf Boards and proper administration of the [[Wakf]]s in the country. Wakf is a permanent dedication of movable or immovable properties for religious, pious or charitable purposes as recognized by [[Muslim Law]], given by [[philanthropist]]s. The grant is known as ''mushrut-ul-khidmat'', while a person making such dedication is known as ''Wakif''.<ref>[http://www.tnwakfboard.org/introduction.htm Introduction] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728114523/http://www.tnwakfboard.org/introduction.htm |date=2011-07-28 }} Tamilnadu Wakf Board website.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last= Ariff|first=Mohamed|title=The Islamic voluntary sector in Southeast Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&q=waqf&pg=PA43|year=1991|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=981-3016-07-8|page=42}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=K.R. |author2=Amita Gupta|title=Concise encyclopaedia of India, (Volume 1) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o84vxeFIeYUC&q=wakf+board&pg=PA192|year=2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers|isbn=81-269-0637-5|page=191}}</ref>
[[Central Wakf Council, India]] is an Indian [[statutory body]] established in 1964 by the [[Government of India]] under Wakf Act, 1954 (now a sub section the Wakf Act, 1995) for the purpose of advising it on matters pertaining to working of the State Wakf Boards and proper administration of the [[Wakf]]s in the country. Wakf is a permanent dedication of movable or immovable properties for religious, pious or charitable purposes as recognized by [[Muslim Law]], given by [[philanthropist]]s. The grant is known as ''mushrut-ul-khidmat'', while a person making such dedication is known as ''Wakif''.<ref>[http://www.tnwakfboard.org/introduction.htm Introduction] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728114523/http://www.tnwakfboard.org/introduction.htm |date=2011-07-28 }} Tamilnadu Wakf Board website.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last= Ariff|first=Mohamed|title=The Islamic voluntary sector in Southeast Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NP4ZL0TJ9s4C&q=waqf&pg=PA43|year=1991|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=981-3016-07-8|page=42}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=K.R. |author2=Amita Gupta|title=Concise encyclopaedia of India, (Volume 1) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o84vxeFIeYUC&q=wakf+board&pg=PA192|year=2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers|isbn=81-269-0637-5|page=191}}</ref>


On one hand there is [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]] (AIMPLB), a non-government organisation constituted in 1973 to adopt suitable strategies for the protection and continued applicability of [[Muslim Personal Law]] in India, most importantly, the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937, providing for the application of the Islamic Law Code of [[Shariat]] to Muslims in India in personal affairs.<ref name="home">[http://www.aimplboard.org/index.html AIMPLB Home Page]</ref><ref name="vakilno1">{{cite web|url=http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/muslimperact/muslimpersonalact.htm|title=The Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937|author=vakilno1.com|website=|publisher=vakilno1.com|accessdate=13 February 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205211800/http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/muslimperact/muslimpersonalact.htm|archivedate=5 February 2012}}</ref> The Board presents itself as the leading body of Muslim opinion in India. A role for which it has been criticised<ref name="lawrence">{{cite book |title=On violence: a reader. |last=Lawrence |first= Bruce B|authorlink= |date= 15 November 2007|publisher= Duke University Press|location= |isbn= 9780822337690|page=265 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=32SGA4EV9EEC&q=All+India+Muslim+Personal+Law+Board&pg=PA265|accessdate=13 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="vrindabook">{{cite book |title=Reclaiming the nation: Muslim women and the law in India|last=Narain|first= Vrinda B|authorlink= |date=24 May 2008 |publisher= University of Toronto Press|location= |isbn= 9780802092786|page=93 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qvG01Oo_9kkC&q=All+India+Muslim+Personal+Law+Board&pg=PA93|accessdate=13 February 2012}}</ref> as well as supported.<ref name="Gani">{{cite book |title=Reform of Muslim personal law: the Shah Bano controversy and the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 |last=Gani|first= H. A.|authorlink= |year=1988|publisher= Deep & Deep Publications|location= |isbn= |page=65 |url=}}</ref> But on the other hand, through judgement, Supreme Court of India allows Muslims to adapt child. The apex court said on Wednesday that the laws of land has to get primacy over personal law till the country achieves [[Uniform Civil Code]] as provided in Article 44 of the Constitution.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Supreme-Court-gives-Muslims-right-to-adopt-a-child/articleshow/30662143.cms |title = Supreme Court gives Muslims right to adopt a child &#124; India News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
On one hand there is [[All India Muslim Personal Law Board]] (AIMPLB), a non-government organisation constituted in 1973 to adopt suitable strategies for the protection and continued applicability of [[Muslim Personal Law]] in India, most importantly, the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937, providing for the application of the Islamic Law Code of [[Shariat]] to Muslims in India in personal affairs.<ref name="home">[http://www.aimplboard.org/index.html AIMPLB Home Page]</ref><ref name="vakilno1">{{cite web|url=http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/muslimperact/muslimpersonalact.htm|title=The Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937|author=vakilno1.com|website=|publisher=vakilno1.com|accessdate=13 February 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205211800/http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/muslimperact/muslimpersonalact.htm|archivedate=5 February 2012}}</ref> The Board presents itself as the leading body of Muslim opinion in India. A role for which it has been criticised<ref name="lawrence">{{cite book |title=On violence: a reader. |last=Lawrence |first= Bruce B|authorlink= |date= 15 November 2007|publisher= Duke University Press|location= |isbn= 9780822337690|page=265 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=32SGA4EV9EEC&q=All+India+Muslim+Personal+Law+Board&pg=PA265|accessdate=13 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="vrindabook">{{cite book |title=Reclaiming the nation: Muslim women and the law in India|last=Narain|first= Vrinda B|authorlink= |date=24 May 2008 |publisher= University of Toronto Press|location= |isbn= 9780802092786|page=93 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qvG01Oo_9kkC&q=All+India+Muslim+Personal+Law+Board&pg=PA93|accessdate=13 February 2012}}</ref> as well as supported.<ref name="Gani">{{cite book |title=Reform of Muslim personal law: the Shah Bano controversy and the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 |last=Gani|first= H. A.|authorlink= |year=1988|publisher= Deep & Deep Publications|location= |isbn= |page=65 |url=}}</ref> But on the other hand, through judgement, Supreme Court of India allows Muslims to adapt child. The apex court said on Wednesday that the laws of land has to get primacy over personal law till the country achieves [[Uniform Civil Code]] as provided in Article 44 of the Constitution.<ref>{{Cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Supreme-Court-gives-Muslims-right-to-adopt-a-child/articleshow/30662143.cms |title = Supreme Court gives Muslims right to adopt a child &#124; India News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=19 February 2014 }}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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{{Religion topics}}
{{Religion topics}}


[[Category:Age of Enlightenment]]
[[Category:Atheism]]
[[Category:Agnosticism]]
[[Category:Freethought]]
[[Category:Indian philosophy]]
[[Category:Indian philosophy]]
[[Category:Religion and politics]]
[[Category:Religion and politics]]
[[Category:Philosophy of religion]]
[[Category:Philosophy of religion]]
[[Category:Concepts in political philosophy]]
[[Category:Concepts in political philosophy]]
[[Category:Secularism]]
[[Category:Secularism in India]]
[[Category:Separation of church and state]]

Latest revision as of 05:30, 21 December 2024

Hinduism is agreed to be tolerant towards other faith as can be seen in this verse from the Rig Veda.

Principled Distance is a new model of secularism given by Rajeev Bhargava. The separation of government institutions and persons mandated to represent the state from religious institutions and religious dignitaries. He says that Indian secularism did not erect a strict wall of separation, but proposed a 'principled distance' between religion and state.[1] Moreover, by balancing the claims of individuals and religious communities, it never intended a bludgeoning privatization of religion. In India, secularism means equal treatment of all religions. Religion in India continues to assert its political authority in matters of personal law.[2] The western model of secularism is criticized in India for being an outdated concept as Rajeev argued that since Western model was developed when society was more homogeneous but since in the era of globalization, society is becoming more heterogeneous therefore a new concept, suitable for the present situation, is needed. He even argued that since Europe itself is no more homogeneous hence West should also follow the principled distance model which on one hand respects the diversity and at the same time empowers the state to interfere in case of any discrimination in the name of religion.[3]

Examples of Principled Distance

[edit]

Article 29 & 30 in Constitution of India seeks a principled distance between minorities as well as majority to protect, preserve and propagate their cultural, linguistic and religious identity through establishment of cultural and education institutions.[4][5]

The Haj subsidy is a subsidy given to Indian Muslim Hajj pilgrims by the Government of India. The program has its origins in British colonial era. In post-colonial era, the Nehru government expanded the program in 1959 with the Hajj Act.[6] The subsidy and taxpayer funded arrangements initially applied to Muslim Indian pilgrims traveling for religious reasons to Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq, Iran and Jordan. Since 1973, pilgrims applying through the Haj Committee of India are offered a concessionary fare on Air India.[7] The subsidy was withdrawn on January 16, 2018 as per the orders of the Supreme Court of India.

Central Wakf Council, India is an Indian statutory body established in 1964 by the Government of India under Wakf Act, 1954 (now a sub section the Wakf Act, 1995) for the purpose of advising it on matters pertaining to working of the State Wakf Boards and proper administration of the Wakfs in the country. Wakf is a permanent dedication of movable or immovable properties for religious, pious or charitable purposes as recognized by Muslim Law, given by philanthropists. The grant is known as mushrut-ul-khidmat, while a person making such dedication is known as Wakif.[8][9][10]

On one hand there is All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLB), a non-government organisation constituted in 1973 to adopt suitable strategies for the protection and continued applicability of Muslim Personal Law in India, most importantly, the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937, providing for the application of the Islamic Law Code of Shariat to Muslims in India in personal affairs.[11][12] The Board presents itself as the leading body of Muslim opinion in India. A role for which it has been criticised[13][14] as well as supported.[15] But on the other hand, through judgement, Supreme Court of India allows Muslims to adapt child. The apex court said on Wednesday that the laws of land has to get primacy over personal law till the country achieves Uniform Civil Code as provided in Article 44 of the Constitution.[16]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "States, religious diversity, and the crisis of secularism".
  2. ^ "Rethinking Secularism: Refining the Concepts of "Public Religions," "Principled Distance" and the "Twin Tolerations"".
  3. ^ Bhargava, Rajeev (2013). Secular States and Religious Diversity. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7748-2514-6.
  4. ^ "National Commission for Minorities".
  5. ^ "Minority rights in India under Article 30 – a three part series". 2013-01-15.
  6. ^ The Haj Committee Act, 1959 Government of India
  7. ^ Press Information Bureau, "Hajj operation in India 2006"[usurped], December 2006. Retrieved 26 June 2009.
  8. ^ Introduction Archived 2011-07-28 at the Wayback Machine Tamilnadu Wakf Board website.
  9. ^ Ariff, Mohamed (1991). The Islamic voluntary sector in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 42. ISBN 981-3016-07-8.
  10. ^ Gupta, K.R.; Amita Gupta (2006). Concise encyclopaedia of India, (Volume 1). Atlantic Publishers. p. 191. ISBN 81-269-0637-5.
  11. ^ AIMPLB Home Page
  12. ^ vakilno1.com. "The Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937". vakilno1.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Lawrence, Bruce B (15 November 2007). On violence: a reader. Duke University Press. p. 265. ISBN 9780822337690. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  14. ^ Narain, Vrinda B (24 May 2008). Reclaiming the nation: Muslim women and the law in India. University of Toronto Press. p. 93. ISBN 9780802092786. Retrieved 13 February 2012.
  15. ^ Gani, H. A. (1988). Reform of Muslim personal law: the Shah Bano controversy and the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 65.
  16. ^ "Supreme Court gives Muslims right to adopt a child | India News - Times of India". The Times of India. 19 February 2014.
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