Mount Rushmore in popular culture: Difference between revisions

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Because of its fame as a monument, Mount Rushmore in South Dakota has appeared frequently in works of fiction. It has been discussed or depicted in dozens of popular works, such as the location of the climactic chase scene in Alfred Hitchcock's 1959 film North by Northwest, and in the 2007 film National Treasure: Book of Secrets. Repeated themes using the mountain have been depictions of its destruction to imply a larger catastrophe, alterations or additions being made to the famous faces on the mountain, or use of the monument as a cover to hide a secret such as a treasure trove or military base.

Reasons for popularity

The popularity of Mount Rushmore is tied to the monumental sculpture's attraction as a tourist destination.^[1] It features as a setting in a number of films, comic books, and television series^[1]^[2] and has according to Jessica Gunderson "become part of Hollywood legend".^[3] In 2016, commemorating the 75th anniversary of the monument, Time Magazine published a 90-second video listing "Mount Rushmore's Most Memorable Moments at the Movies", including North by Northwest, Head of State, Team America: World Police, Nebraska, Mars Attacks!, Superman II, Richie Rich, and National Treasure: Book of Secrets.^[4]

Common themes

Gunderson notes that "films have portrayed the monument as a secret hideout, a chase scene location, or the entrance to a city of gold".^[3] Mount Rushmore "usually serves to connect the national security to individual romance", although other media exist in which the monument is used to symbolize other aspects of the human experience, such as being unfinished, as the monument is.^[5]

Destruction

Erika Doss notes that Mount Rushmore is a common target in movies showing an attack on a landmark to signify the scope of a threat, "destroyed by lasers in Richie Rich (1994), ruined by an earthquake in 10.5: Apocalypse (2006), blown up by terrorist missiles in The Peacekeeper (1997), annihilated by Michael Moore (playing a suicide bomber) in Team America: World Police (2004) and defaced (or rather, refaced) in movies like Superman II (1980), Mars Attacks! (1996), and Head of State (2003)".^[6]

Alterations and additions to the faces

Mount Rushmore with a fifth President in *Star Trek V: The Final Frontier* (1989)

As one source notes, "Cartoonists have added more famous faces, real and imaginary, to Mount Rushmore, or show the four presidents talking. Toothpaste companies have made commercials showing how Roosevelt's teeth could be brushed if he'd only smile again!"^[7] In other cases, "movies replace the presidential faces with faces of movie characters".^[3] Examples include the 1980 film Superman II, in which supervillain General Zod and his criminal partners Ursa and Non use their superpowers to replace the faces of Washington, Jefferson and Roosevelt with their own, while destroying Lincoln's.^[8]^[9] In the 2021 What If...? episode "What If... Thor Were an Only Child?", Frost Giants partying with Thor on Earth add ice sculptures in the shape of Loki's horns to Mount Rushmore.^[10] The 2023 film Barbie features a fictional Barbie Land in which, among other things, "every face on Mount Rushmore is a woman".^[11]

During his term in office, President Barack Obama was added as a fifth head to Mount Rushmore on internet depictions of the mountain. On July 8, 2009, climate change activists unfurled a banner over the monument portraying a fifth face on Mount Rushmore of Obama, depicting him as a President who could make Presidential changes in leading effective climate legislation as opposed to being a politician.^[12]^[13]^[14] Former President Donald Trump kept a sculpture in his Mar-a-Lago office, gifted to him by South Dakota Governor Kristi Noem, depicting Mount Rushmore with Trump's face added to the mountain, to the right of Abraham Lincoln.^[15]

Imitations of the style

A fictional monument in the Japanese anime *Naruto*, inspired by Mount Rushmore

Similar monuments with other faces have been depicted by different artists. Examples include alien faces in a drawing by Gary Larson and a wall print of a version with celebrity faces: Marilyn Monroe, Humphrey Bogart, James Dean, and John Lennon.^[16] The album cover of Deep Purple's 1970 album Deep Purple in Rock has "iconic sleeve art that depicted the five Purple members' faces carved into the surface of Mount Rushmore in place of the faces of US presidents".^[17] In the Japanese manga Naruto, the main leaders of Konohagakure have had their faces carved into a mountain overlooking the village in the style of Mount Rushmore.^[18] In the 1994 film Richie Rich, the Rich family owns an imitation of Mount Rushmore, but carved with the faces of the Rich family.^[19]

Major portrayals

In North by Northwest

The memorial was used as the location of the climactic chase scene in Alfred Hitchcock's 1959 film North by Northwest, which has been described as "[t]he mountain's primary visual association—aside from souvenir postcards".^[20] Scriptwriter Ernest Lehman later recalled that, as they were developing their story idea, Hitchcock "murmured wistfully, 'I always wanted to do a chase across the faces of Mount Rushmore.'"^[21] The scene in the film was not actually filmed at the monument, as the National Park Service, which had initially granted permission for the sequence to be filmed there, revoked this permission following concerns that the film would treat the monument unseriously.^[22] In the film the villain's house is located on a fictitious forested plateau above the monument. It has been noted that "the Mount Rushmore sequence undermines name, identity, and national purpose", with the protagonists of the film fleeing for their lives across the famous faces, which themselves are of no help.^[23]

The 2005 Family Guy episode "North by North Quahog", is "a parody of the film, North by Northwest, winding up in a face-off with Gibson atop Mount Rushmore".^[24]^[25] In the 1994 film Richie Rich, the Rich family's imitation of Mount Rushmore becomes the setting for the film's finale, also echoing the finale of North by Northwest.^[19]

In music

The 1986 album The Ballad of Sally Rose by Emmylou Harris satirizes the monument, singing of "Roosevelt's nose".^[16]

The song "Little Snakes", from the 2020 Protest the Hero album Palimpsest, "addresses the violent colonial history involved in the sculpting of Mount Rushmore", critiquing the monument as a symbol of colonialism, referencing the genocide of indigenous peoples and the ownership of slaves by George Washington and Thomas Jefferson.^[26]^[27]

References

^ ^a ^b Thomas J. Liu, John B. Loomis, and Linda J. Bilmes, "Exploring the contribution of National Parks to the entertainment industry's intellectual property", in Linda J. Bilmes and John B. Loomis, Valuing U.S. National Parks and Programs: America's Best Investment (Routledge, 2020), p. 95–98 Archived 2022-05-14 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Knight, Gladys L. (2014-08-11). "Mount Rushmore". Pop Culture Places: An Encyclopedia of Places in American Popular Culture [3 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 623. ISBN 978-0-313-39883-4. Archived from the original on 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2022-05-12.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gunderson, Jessica (2014-07-01). Mount Rushmore: Myths, Legends, and Facts. Capstone. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-4914-0208-5. Archived from the original on 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
^ Berman, Eliza (October 31, 2016). "See Mount Rushmore's Most Memorable Moments at the Movies". Time Magazine.
^ Walter Metz, "Review: Nebraska. Dir. Alexander Payne. Paramount Vantage, 2013 Archived 2024-09-22 at the Wayback Machine". Middle West Review Volume 1, Number 1, (University of Nebraska Press, Fall 2014), p. 154-55.
^ Doss, Erika (2012-09-07). Memorial Mania: Public Feeling in America. University of Chicago Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-226-15939-3. Archived from the original on 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
^ Owens, Thomas S. (1996). "Those Famous Faces". Mount Rushmore. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-8239-5017-1. Archived from the original on 2022-05-19. Retrieved 2022-05-19.
^ Powell, Laura. "Mount Rushmore on the Big Screen". Visit The USA. Archived from the original on 2023-02-08. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
^ Denby, David (1981-06-22). "Movies". New York Magazine. p. 50. Archived from the original on 2024-09-22. Retrieved 2022-05-19. Without thinking anything of it, Zod walks on water (a red-neck sitting in a rowboat gapes), and all three, flying past Mt. Rushmore, instantaneously carve their own images on the rock face (Lincoln's nose falls to the canyon floor with a dismal crash).
^ Dominick, Nora (September 22, 2021). "25 "What If...?" Details That Are Small, Incredible, And Make This Thor Episode So Great". BuzzFeed.
^ Macdonald, Moira (July 18, 2023). "'Barbie' review: A delightful (and very pink) trip to Barbie Land". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.
^ "Greenpeace Gets Badass, Drapes Pic Of Obama Over Mt. Rushmore Calling For Climate Action". Archived from the original on 2009-07-11. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
^ Obama Makes Early, Unflattering Appearance on Mount Rushmore Archived 2009-07-11 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Greenpeace members charged in Mount Rushmore G-8 protest - CNN.com Archived 2009-07-11 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Porter, Tom (November 26, 2021). "Photos show Trump has a Mount Rushmore sculpture with his face added to it in his Mar-a-Lago office". Business Insider. Archived from the original on May 7, 2022. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
^ ^a ^b Tichi, Cecelia (2009-06-30). "Mt. Rushmore: Heads of State and States of Heads". Embodiment of a Nation: Human Form in American Places. Harvard University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-674-04435-7. Archived from the original on 2022-05-21. Retrieved 2022-05-21.
^ McIver, Joel (3 June 2020). "How Deep Purple's classic In Rock was made". Classic Rock. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
^ Iwamasa, Karli (March 26, 2020). "Naruto: 10 Things You Never Knew About Konoha". CBR. Archived from the original on May 9, 2022. Retrieved May 9, 2022.
^ ^a ^b Yoram Allon, Del Cullen, Hannah Patterson, The Wallflower Critical Guide to Contemporary North American Directors (2000), p. 357: "Richie Rich (1995)... refers to Hitchcock in its finale, set against Richie's own Mount Rushmore-style rock faces .
^ Freund, Charles Paul (2003). "Big schlock candy Mountain: the many meanings of Mount Rushmore". Reason. Vol. 34, no. 9. Archived from the original on 2022-05-14. Retrieved 2022-05-14.
^ Barbara Straumann, "Rewriting American Foundational Myths in Alfred Hitchcock's North by Northwest", in Martin Heusser and Gudrun Grabher, American Foundational Myths (2002), p. 201.
^ James Chapman, Hitchcock and the Spy Film (2017), p. 222.
^ Christopher D. Morris, The Direction of "North by Northwest", Cinema Journal, Vol. 36, No. 4 (Summer, 1997), pp. 43-56.
^ "Family Guy: "North by North Quahog"". IGN. April 27, 2005. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 20, 2022.
^ "Episode Detail: North by North Quahog". TV Guide. Archived from the original on 23 May 2008. Retrieved July 3, 2009. Peter and Lois battle Mel Gibson (not voiced by Gibson himself) over their idea for an action-thriller sequel to "The Passion of the Christ." They end up in a parody of "North by Northwest" that takes them to Cape Cod, a Manhattan luxury hotel and, of course, Mount Rushmore.
^ Rolli, Bryan (June 16, 2020). "Protest the Hero's Rody Walker: Trump's Vision of Greatness Is America's 'Tragic Flaw'". Loudwire. Archived from the original on 2020-11-30. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
^ Slingerland, Calum (June 18, 2020). "Protest the Hero Give American History a Scathing Rewrite on 'Palimpsest'". exclaim.ca. Archived from the original on 2024-09-22. Retrieved 2020-10-27.

[Parks-1] Thomas J. Liu, John B. Loomis, and Linda J. Bilmes, "Exploring the contribution of National Parks to the entertainment industry's intellectual property", in Linda J. Bilmes and John B. Loomis, Valuing U.S. National Parks and Programs: America's Best Investment (Routledge, 2020), p. 95–98 Archived 2022-05-14 at the Wayback Machine.

[Knight-2] Knight, Gladys L. (2014-08-11). "Mount Rushmore". Pop Culture Places: An Encyclopedia of Places in American Popular Culture [3 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 623. ISBN 978-0-313-39883-4. Archived from the original on 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2022-05-12.

[Gunderson-3] Gunderson, Jessica (2014-07-01). Mount Rushmore: Myths, Legends, and Facts. Capstone. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-4914-0208-5. Archived from the original on 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2022-05-14.

[4] Berman, Eliza (October 31, 2016). "See Mount Rushmore's Most Memorable Moments at the Movies". Time Magazine.

[Metz-5] Walter Metz, "Review: Nebraska. Dir. Alexander Payne. Paramount Vantage, 2013 Archived 2024-09-22 at the Wayback Machine". Middle West Review Volume 1, Number 1, (University of Nebraska Press, Fall 2014), p. 154-55.

[Doss-6] Doss, Erika (2012-09-07). Memorial Mania: Public Feeling in America. University of Chicago Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-226-15939-3. Archived from the original on 2022-11-01. Retrieved 2022-05-14.

[7] Owens, Thomas S. (1996). "Those Famous Faces". Mount Rushmore. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-8239-5017-1. Archived from the original on 2022-05-19. Retrieved 2022-05-19.

[VisitTheUSA-8] Powell, Laura. "Mount Rushmore on the Big Screen". Visit The USA. Archived from the original on 2023-02-08. Retrieved 2022-05-14.

[9] Denby, David (1981-06-22). "Movies". New York Magazine. p. 50. Archived from the original on 2024-09-22. Retrieved 2022-05-19. Without thinking anything of it, Zod walks on water (a red-neck sitting in a rowboat gapes), and all three, flying past Mt. Rushmore, instantaneously carve their own images on the rock face (Lincoln's nose falls to the canyon floor with a dismal crash).

[10] Dominick, Nora (September 22, 2021). "25 "What If...?" Details That Are Small, Incredible, And Make This Thor Episode So Great". BuzzFeed.

[11] Macdonald, Moira (July 18, 2023). "'Barbie' review: A delightful (and very pink) trip to Barbie Land". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 24, 2023.

[12] "Greenpeace Gets Badass, Drapes Pic Of Obama Over Mt. Rushmore Calling For Climate Action". Archived from the original on 2009-07-11. Retrieved 2009-07-08.

[13] Obama Makes Early, Unflattering Appearance on Mount Rushmore Archived 2009-07-11 at the Wayback Machine.

[14] Greenpeace members charged in Mount Rushmore G-8 protest - CNN.com Archived 2009-07-11 at the Wayback Machine.

[15] Porter, Tom (November 26, 2021). "Photos show Trump has a Mount Rushmore sculpture with his face added to it in his Mar-a-Lago office". Business Insider. Archived from the original on May 7, 2022. Retrieved May 7, 2022.

[:0-16] Tichi, Cecelia (2009-06-30). "Mt. Rushmore: Heads of State and States of Heads". Embodiment of a Nation: Human Form in American Places. Harvard University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-674-04435-7. Archived from the original on 2022-05-21. Retrieved 2022-05-21.

[mciver-17] McIver, Joel (3 June 2020). "How Deep Purple's classic In Rock was made". Classic Rock. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

[18] Iwamasa, Karli (March 26, 2020). "Naruto: 10 Things You Never Knew About Konoha". CBR. Archived from the original on May 9, 2022. Retrieved May 9, 2022.

[Wallflower-19] Yoram Allon, Del Cullen, Hannah Patterson, The Wallflower Critical Guide to Contemporary North American Directors (2000), p. 357: "Richie Rich (1995)... refers to Hitchcock in its finale, set against Richie's own Mount Rushmore-style rock faces .

[20] Freund, Charles Paul (2003). "Big schlock candy Mountain: the many meanings of Mount Rushmore". Reason. Vol. 34, no. 9. Archived from the original on 2022-05-14. Retrieved 2022-05-14.

[21] Barbara Straumann, "Rewriting American Foundational Myths in Alfred Hitchcock's North by Northwest", in Martin Heusser and Gudrun Grabher, American Foundational Myths (2002), p. 201.

[Chapman-22] James Chapman, Hitchcock and the Spy Film (2017), p. 222.

[23] Christopher D. Morris, The Direction of "North by Northwest", Cinema Journal, Vol. 36, No. 4 (Summer, 1997), pp. 43-56.

[24] "Family Guy: "North by North Quahog"". IGN. April 27, 2005. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 20, 2022.

[TVGuide-25] "Episode Detail: North by North Quahog". TV Guide. Archived from the original on 23 May 2008. Retrieved July 3, 2009. Peter and Lois battle Mel Gibson (not voiced by Gibson himself) over their idea for an action-thriller sequel to "The Passion of the Christ." They end up in a parody of "North by Northwest" that takes them to Cape Cod, a Manhattan luxury hotel and, of course, Mount Rushmore.

[26] Rolli, Bryan (June 16, 2020). "Protest the Hero's Rody Walker: Trump's Vision of Greatness Is America's 'Tragic Flaw'". Loudwire. Archived from the original on 2020-11-30. Retrieved 2020-10-27.

[27] Slingerland, Calum (June 18, 2020). "Protest the Hero Give American History a Scathing Rewrite on 'Palimpsest'". exclaim.ca. Archived from the original on 2024-09-22. Retrieved 2020-10-27.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:Mount Rushmore Closeup 2017.jpg|thumb|Close-up view of Mount Rushmore.]]
+[[File:Mount Rushmore Closeup 2017.jpg|thumb|[[Mount Rushmore]] features sculptures of [[George Washington]], [[Thomas Jefferson]], [[Theodore Roosevelt]], and [[Abraham Lincoln]].]]
-Because of its fame as a [[monument]], [[Mount Rushmore]] in [[South Dakota]] has appeared frequently in works of [[fiction]]. It has been discussed or depicted in dozens of popular works, such as the location of the climactic [[chase scene]] in [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s 1959 film ''[[North by Northwest]]'' and in the 2007 film ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]''.
+Because of its fame as a [[monument]], [[Mount Rushmore]] in [[South Dakota]] has appeared frequently in works of [[fiction]]. It has been discussed or depicted in dozens of popular works, such as the location of the climactic [[chase scene]] in [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s 1959 film ''[[North by Northwest]]'', and in the 2007 film ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]''. Repeated themes using the mountain have been depictions of its destruction to imply a larger catastrophe, alterations or additions being made to the famous faces on the mountain, or use of the monument as a cover to hide a secret such as a treasure trove or military base.
 ==Reasons for popularity==
-The popularity of Mount Rushmore is tied to the monumental sculpture's attraction as a tourist destination.<ref name="Parks">Thomas J. Liu, John B. Loomis, and Linda J. Bilmes, "[https://books.google.com/books?id=rgiiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT88 Exploring the contribution of National Parks to the entertainment industry's intellectual property]", in Linda J. Bilmes and John B. Loomis, ''Valuing U.S. National Parks and Programs: America's Best Investment'' (Routledge, 2020), [https://books.google.com/books?id=RT33DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 p. 95–98].</ref> It features as a [[Setting (narrative)|setting]] in a number of films, comic books, and television series<ref name="Parks"/><ref name="Knight">{{Cite book |last=Knight |first=Gladys L. |title=Pop Culture Places: An Encyclopedia of Places in American Popular Culture [3 volumes] |date=2014-08-11 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-39883-4 |pages=623 |language=en |chapter=Mount Rushmore |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kheDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA623}}</ref> and has according to [[Jessica Gunderson]] "become part of Hollywood legend".<ref name="Gunderson">{{Cite book |last=Gunderson |first=Jessica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8otBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 |title=Mount Rushmore: Myths, Legends, and Facts |date=2014-07-01 |publisher=Capstone |isbn=978-1-4914-0208-5 |pages=28 |language=en}}</ref> In 2016, commemorating the 75th anniversary of the monument, ''[[Time Magazine]]'' published a 90-second video listing "Mount Rushmore's Most Memorable Moments at the Movies", including ''[[North by Northwest]]'', ''[[Head of State (2003 film)|Head of State]]'', ''[[Team America: World Police]]'', ''[[Nebraska (film)|Nebraska]]'', ''[[Mars Attacks!]]'', ''[[Superman II]]'', ''[[Richie Rich (film)|Richie Rich]]'', and ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://time.com/4552027/mount-rushmore-movies-anniversary/ |title=See Mount Rushmore's Most Memorable Moments at the Movies|publisher=[[Time Magazine]]|first1=Eliza|last1=Berman|date=October 31, 2016}}</ref>
+The popularity of Mount Rushmore is tied to the monumental sculpture's attraction as a tourist destination.<ref name="Parks">Thomas J. Liu, John B. Loomis, and Linda J. Bilmes, "[https://books.google.com/books?id=rgiiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT88 Exploring the contribution of National Parks to the entertainment industry's intellectual property]", in Linda J. Bilmes and John B. Loomis, ''Valuing U.S. National Parks and Programs: America's Best Investment'' (Routledge, 2020), [https://books.google.com/books?id=RT33DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 p. 95–98] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514141551/https://books.google.com/books?id=RT33DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 |date=2022-05-14 }}.</ref> It features as a [[Setting (narrative)|setting]] in a number of films, comic books, and television series<ref name="Parks"/><ref name="Knight">{{Cite book |last=Knight |first=Gladys L. |title=Pop Culture Places: An Encyclopedia of Places in American Popular Culture [3 volumes] |date=2014-08-11 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-39883-4 |pages=623 |language=en |chapter=Mount Rushmore |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kheDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA623 |access-date=2022-05-12 |archive-date=2022-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101041222/https://books.google.com/books?id=kheDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA623 |url-status=live }}</ref> and has according to [[Jessica Gunderson]] "become part of Hollywood legend".<ref name="Gunderson">{{Cite book |last=Gunderson |first=Jessica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8otBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 |title=Mount Rushmore: Myths, Legends, and Facts |date=2014-07-01 |publisher=Capstone |isbn=978-1-4914-0208-5 |pages=28 |language=en |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101041221/https://books.google.com/books?id=M8otBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA28 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016, commemorating the 75th anniversary of the monument, ''[[Time Magazine]]'' published a 90-second video listing "Mount Rushmore's Most Memorable Moments at the Movies", including ''[[North by Northwest]]'', ''[[Head of State (2003 film)|Head of State]]'', ''[[Team America: World Police]]'', ''[[Nebraska (film)|Nebraska]]'', ''[[Mars Attacks!]]'', ''[[Superman II]]'', ''[[Richie Rich (film)|Richie Rich]]'', and ''[[National Treasure: Book of Secrets]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://time.com/4552027/mount-rushmore-movies-anniversary/ |title=See Mount Rushmore's Most Memorable Moments at the Movies|publisher=[[Time Magazine]]|first1=Eliza|last1=Berman|date=October 31, 2016}}</ref>
 == Common themes ==
-Gunderson notes that "films have portrayed the monument as a secret hideout, a chase scene location, or the entrance to a city of gold".<ref name="Gunderson" /> Mount Rushmore "usually serves to connect the national security to individual romance", although other media exist in which the monument is used to symbolize other aspects of the human experience, such as being unfinished, as the monument is.<ref name="Metz">Walter Metz, "[https://muse.jhu.edu/article/565609 Review: Nebraska. Dir. Alexander Payne. Paramount Vantage, 2013]". ''Middle West Review'' Volume 1, Number 1, (University of Nebraska Press, Fall 2014), p. 154-55.</ref>
+Gunderson notes that "films have portrayed the monument as a secret hideout, a chase scene location, or the entrance to a city of gold".<ref name="Gunderson" /> Mount Rushmore "usually serves to connect the national security to individual romance", although other media exist in which the monument is used to symbolize other aspects of the human experience, such as being unfinished, as the monument is.<ref name="Metz">Walter Metz, "[https://muse.jhu.edu/article/565609 Review: Nebraska. Dir. Alexander Payne. Paramount Vantage, 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922124114/https://muse.jhu.edu/article/565609 |date=2024-09-22 }}". ''Middle West Review'' Volume 1, Number 1, (University of Nebraska Press, Fall 2014), p. 154-55.</ref>
 === Destruction ===
-[[Erika Doss]] notes that Mount Rushmore is a common target in movies showing an attack on a landmark to signify the scope of a threat, "destroyed by lasers in ''Richie Rich'' (1994), ruined by an earthquake in ''[[10.5: Apocalypse]]'' (2006), blown up by terrorist missiles in ''[[The Peacekeeper]]'' (1997), annihilated by Michael Moore (playing a suicide bomber) in ''Team America: World Police'' (2004) and defaced (or rather, refaced) in movies like ''Superman II'' (1980) and ''Head of State'' (2003)".<ref name="Doss">{{Cite book |last=Doss |first=Erika |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-RiQiBwzFCcC&pg=PA57 |title=Memorial Mania: Public Feeling in America |date=2012-09-07 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-15939-3 |pages=57 |language=en |author-link=Erika Doss}}</ref>
+[[Erika Doss]] notes that Mount Rushmore is a common target in movies showing an attack on a landmark to signify the scope of a threat, "destroyed by lasers in ''Richie Rich'' (1994), ruined by an earthquake in ''[[10.5: Apocalypse]]'' (2006), blown up by terrorist missiles in ''[[The Peacekeeper]]'' (1997), annihilated by Michael Moore (playing a suicide bomber) in ''Team America: World Police'' (2004) and defaced (or rather, refaced) in movies like ''Superman II'' (1980), ''Mars Attacks!'' (1996), and ''Head of State'' (2003)".<ref name="Doss">{{Cite book |last=Doss |first=Erika |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-RiQiBwzFCcC&pg=PA57 |title=Memorial Mania: Public Feeling in America |date=2012-09-07 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-15939-3 |pages=57 |language=en |author-link=Erika Doss |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101041214/https://books.google.com/books?id=-RiQiBwzFCcC&pg=PA57 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 === Alterations and additions to the faces ===
 [[File:Mount Rushmore trek.jpg|thumb|right|200 px|Mount Rushmore with a fifth President in ''[[Star Trek V: The Final Frontier]]'' (1989)]]
-As one source notes, "Cartoonists have added more famous faces, real and imaginary, to Mount Rushmore, or show the four presidents talking. [[Toothpaste]] companies have made [[television commercial|commercial]]s showing how [[Theodore Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]'s [[teeth]] could be brushed if he'd only smile again!"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Thomas S. |url= |title=Mount Rushmore |date=1996 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-5017-1 |pages=21 |language=en |chapter=Those Famous Faces |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AEbzlPwRybQC&pg=PA21}}</ref> In other cases, "movies replace the presidential faces with faces of movie characters".<ref name="Gunderson" /> Examples include the 1980 film ''[[Superman II]]'', in which [[supervillain]] [[General Zod]] and his criminal partners [[Ursa (DC Comics)|Ursa]] and [[Non (comics)|Non]] use their superpowers to replace the faces of Washington, Jefferson and Roosevelt with their own, while destroying Lincoln's.<ref name="VisitTheUSA">{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Laura |title=Mount Rushmore on the Big Screen |url=https://www.visittheusa.com/experience/mount-rushmore-big-screen |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Visit The USA |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Denby |first=David |date=1981-06-22 |title=Movies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BeYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA50 |magazine=[[New York Magazine]] |page=50 |access-date=2022-05-19 |quote=Without thinking anything of it, Zod walks on water (a red-neck sitting in a rowboat gapes), and all three, flying past Mt. Rushmore, instantaneously carve their own images on the rock face (Lincoln's nose falls to the canyon floor with a dismal crash).}}</ref> In the 2021 ''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]'' episode "[[What If... Thor Were an Only Child?]]", Frost Giants partying with Thor on Earth add ice sculptures in the shape of Loki's horns to Mount Rushmore.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dominick |first1=Nora |date=September 22, 2021 |title=25 "What If...?" Details That Are Small, Incredible, And Make This Thor Episode So Great |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/noradominick/marvel-what-if-episode-7-details-easter-eggs |publisher=BuzzFeed}}</ref>
+As one source notes, "Cartoonists have added more famous faces, real and imaginary, to Mount Rushmore, or show the four presidents talking. [[Toothpaste]] companies have made [[television commercial|commercial]]s showing how [[Theodore Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]'s [[teeth]] could be brushed if he'd only smile again!"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Thomas S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AEbzlPwRybQC&pg=PA21 |title=Mount Rushmore |date=1996 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-5017-1 |pages=21 |language=en |chapter=Those Famous Faces |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AEbzlPwRybQC&pg=PA21 |access-date=2022-05-19 |archive-date=2022-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519224450/https://books.google.com/books?id=AEbzlPwRybQC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref> In other cases, "movies replace the presidential faces with faces of movie characters".<ref name="Gunderson" /> Examples include the 1980 film ''[[Superman II]]'', in which [[supervillain]] [[General Zod]] and his criminal partners [[Ursa (DC Comics)|Ursa]] and [[Non (comics)|Non]] use their superpowers to replace the faces of Washington, Jefferson and Roosevelt with their own, while destroying Lincoln's.<ref name="VisitTheUSA">{{Cite web |last=Powell |first=Laura |title=Mount Rushmore on the Big Screen |url=https://www.visittheusa.com/experience/mount-rushmore-big-screen |access-date=2022-05-14 |website=Visit The USA |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208073423/https://www.visittheusa.com/experience/mount-rushmore-big-screen |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Denby |first=David |date=1981-06-22 |title=Movies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BeYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA50 |magazine=[[New York Magazine]] |page=50 |access-date=2022-05-19 |quote=Without thinking anything of it, Zod walks on water (a red-neck sitting in a rowboat gapes), and all three, flying past Mt. Rushmore, instantaneously carve their own images on the rock face (Lincoln's nose falls to the canyon floor with a dismal crash). |archive-date=2024-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922124114/https://books.google.com/books?id=BeYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA50#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2021 ''[[What If...? (TV series)|What If...?]]'' episode "[[What If... Thor Were an Only Child?]]", Frost Giants partying with Thor on Earth add ice sculptures in the shape of Loki's horns to Mount Rushmore.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dominick |first1=Nora |date=September 22, 2021 |title=25 "What If...?" Details That Are Small, Incredible, And Make This Thor Episode So Great |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/noradominick/marvel-what-if-episode-7-details-easter-eggs |publisher=BuzzFeed}}</ref> The 2023 film ''[[Barbie (film)|Barbie]]'' features a fictional Barbie Land in which, among other things, "every face on Mount Rushmore is a woman".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/movies/barbie-review-a-delightful-and-very-pink-trip-to-barbie-land/|title='Barbie' review: A delightful (and very pink) trip to Barbie Land|date=July 18, 2023|first1=Moira|last1=Macdonald|work=[[The Seattle Times]]|access-date=July 24, 2023|archive-date=July 24, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724135837/https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/movies/barbie-review-a-delightful-and-very-pink-trip-to-barbie-land/|url-status=live}}</ref>
-During his term in office, President [[Barack Obama]] was added as a fifth head to Mount Rushmore on internet depictions of the mountain. On July 8, 2009, climate change activists unfurled a [[Banner drop|banner]] over the monument portraying a fifth face on Mount Rushmore of Obama, depicting him as a President who could make Presidential changes in leading effective climate legislation as opposed to being a politician.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecorazzi.com/2009/07/08/greenpeace-gets-badass-drapes-pic-of-obama-over-mt-rushmore-calling-for-climate-action/|title=Greenpeace Gets Badass, Drapes Pic Of Obama Over Mt. Rushmore Calling For Climate Action}}</ref><ref>[http://blog.newsweek.com/blogs/thegaggle/archive/2009/07/08/obama-makes-early-unflattering-appearance-on-mt-rushmore.aspx Obama Makes Early, Unflattering Appearance on Mount Rushmore].</ref><ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/07/08/south.dakota.protest/#cnnSTCVideo Greenpeace members charged in Mount Rushmore G-8 protest - CNN.com].</ref> Former President [[Donald Trump]] kept a sculpture in his [[Mar-a-Lago]] office, gifted to him by South Dakota Governor [[Kristi Noem]], depicting Mount Rushmore with Trump's face added to the mountain, to the right of Abraham Lincoln.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Porter |first1=Tom |date=November 26, 2021 |title=Photos show Trump has a Mount Rushmore sculpture with his face added to it in his Mar-a-Lago office |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-has-mt-rushmore-sculpture-with-his-face-on-photos-2021-11 |publisher=Business Insider}}</ref>
+During his term in office, President [[Barack Obama]] was added as a fifth head to Mount Rushmore on internet depictions of the mountain. On July 8, 2009, climate change activists unfurled a [[Banner drop|banner]] over the monument portraying a fifth face on Mount Rushmore of Obama, depicting him as a President who could make Presidential changes in leading effective climate legislation as opposed to being a politician.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecorazzi.com/2009/07/08/greenpeace-gets-badass-drapes-pic-of-obama-over-mt-rushmore-calling-for-climate-action/|title=Greenpeace Gets Badass, Drapes Pic Of Obama Over Mt. Rushmore Calling For Climate Action|access-date=2009-07-08|archive-date=2009-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711092913/http://www.ecorazzi.com/2009/07/08/greenpeace-gets-badass-drapes-pic-of-obama-over-mt-rushmore-calling-for-climate-action/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://blog.newsweek.com/blogs/thegaggle/archive/2009/07/08/obama-makes-early-unflattering-appearance-on-mt-rushmore.aspx Obama Makes Early, Unflattering Appearance on Mount Rushmore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711123149/http://blog.newsweek.com/blogs/thegaggle/archive/2009/07/08/obama-makes-early-unflattering-appearance-on-mt-rushmore.aspx |date=2009-07-11 }}.</ref><ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/07/08/south.dakota.protest/#cnnSTCVideo Greenpeace members charged in Mount Rushmore G-8 protest - CNN.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711121812/http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/07/08/south.dakota.protest/#cnnSTCVideo |date=2009-07-11 }}.</ref> Former President [[Donald Trump]] kept a sculpture in his [[Mar-a-Lago]] office, gifted to him by South Dakota Governor [[Kristi Noem]], depicting Mount Rushmore with Trump's face added to the mountain, to the right of Abraham Lincoln.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Porter |first1=Tom |date=November 26, 2021 |title=Photos show Trump has a Mount Rushmore sculpture with his face added to it in his Mar-a-Lago office |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-has-mt-rushmore-sculpture-with-his-face-on-photos-2021-11 |publisher=Business Insider |access-date=May 7, 2022 |archive-date=May 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507045354/https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-has-mt-rushmore-sculpture-with-his-face-on-photos-2021-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 == Imitations of the style ==
 [[File:Naruto-Rushmore.JPG|thumb|right|A fictional monument in the Japanese anime ''Naruto'', inspired by Mount Rushmore]]
-The album cover of [[Deep Purple]]'s 1970 album ''[[Deep Purple in Rock]]'' has "iconic sleeve art that depicted the five Purple members' faces carved into the surface of Mount Rushmore in place of the faces of US presidents".<ref name=mciver>{{cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/deep-purple-the-making-of-in-rock|title=How Deep Purple's classic In Rock was made|first=Joel|last=McIver|date=3 June 2020|work=Classic Rock|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=20 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120014054/https://www.loudersound.com/features/deep-purple-the-making-of-in-rock|url-status=live}}</ref> In the Japanese [[manga]] ''[[Naruto]]'', the main leaders of Konohagakure have had their faces carved into a mountain overlooking the village in the style of Mount Rushmore.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Iwamasa |first1=Karli |date=March 26, 2020 |title=Naruto: 10 Things You Never Knew About Konoha |url=https://www.cbr.com/naruto-konoha-unknown-facts-trivia/ |website=CBR}}</ref> In the 1994 film ''[[Richie Rich (film)|Richie Rich]]'', the Rich family owns an imitation of Mount Rushmore, but carved with the faces of the Rich family.<ref name="Wallflower">Yoram Allon, ‎Del Cullen, ‎Hannah Patterson, ''The Wallflower Critical Guide to Contemporary North American Directors'' (2000), p. 357: "''Richie Rich'' (1995)... refers to Hitchcock in its finale, set against Richie's own Mount Rushmore-style rock faces .</ref>
+Similar monuments with other faces have been depicted by different artists. Examples include [[Extraterrestrial life|alien]] faces in a drawing by [[Gary Larson]] and a wall print of a version with celebrity faces: [[Marilyn Monroe]], [[Humphrey Bogart]], [[James Dean]], and [[John Lennon]]<!-- This appears to refer to "Legends Monument" by George Bungarda, though I have been unable to locate proper sourcing for this. -->.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Tichi |first=Cecelia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sLNnd2Hno34C&pg=PA49 |title=Embodiment of a Nation: Human Form in American Places |date=2009-06-30 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-04435-7 |pages=49 |language=en |chapter=Mt. Rushmore: Heads of State and States of Heads |author-link=Cecelia Tichi |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sLNnd2Hno34C&pg=PA49 |access-date=2022-05-21 |archive-date=2022-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521004404/https://books.google.com/books?id=sLNnd2Hno34C&pg=PA49 |url-status=live }}</ref> The album cover of [[Deep Purple]]'s 1970 album ''[[Deep Purple in Rock]]'' has "iconic sleeve art that depicted the five Purple members' faces carved into the surface of Mount Rushmore in place of the faces of US presidents".<ref name=mciver>{{cite web|url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/deep-purple-the-making-of-in-rock|title=How Deep Purple's classic In Rock was made|first=Joel|last=McIver|date=3 June 2020|work=Classic Rock|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=20 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120014054/https://www.loudersound.com/features/deep-purple-the-making-of-in-rock|url-status=live}}</ref> In the Japanese [[manga]] ''[[Naruto]]'', the main leaders of Konohagakure have had their faces carved into a mountain overlooking the village in the style of Mount Rushmore.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Iwamasa |first1=Karli |date=March 26, 2020 |title=Naruto: 10 Things You Never Knew About Konoha |url=https://www.cbr.com/naruto-konoha-unknown-facts-trivia/ |website=CBR |access-date=May 9, 2022 |archive-date=May 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509210909/https://www.cbr.com/naruto-konoha-unknown-facts-trivia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 1994 film ''[[Richie Rich (film)|Richie Rich]]'', the Rich family owns an imitation of Mount Rushmore, but carved with the faces of the Rich family.<ref name="Wallflower">Yoram Allon, Del Cullen, Hannah Patterson, ''The Wallflower Critical Guide to Contemporary North American Directors'' (2000), p. 357: "''Richie Rich'' (1995)... refers to Hitchcock in its finale, set against Richie's own Mount Rushmore-style rock faces .</ref>
 == Major portrayals ==
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 ===In ''North by Northwest''===
 [[File:North by Northwest movie trailer screenshot (28).jpg|thumb|250px|Roger Thornhill ([[Cary Grant]]) and Eve Kendall ([[Eva Marie Saint]]) dangle precipitously from the sculpture of George Washington in ''North by Northwest''.]]
-[[File:Nxnwsign.jpg|thumb|250px|Sign near the mountain]]The memorial was used as the location of the climactic [[chase scene]] in [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s 1959 film ''[[North by Northwest]]'', which has been described as "[t]he mountain's primary visual association—aside from souvenir postcards".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Freund |first=Charles Paul |date=2003 |title=Big schlock candy Mountain: the many meanings of Mount Rushmore |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Big+schlock+candy+Mountain%3A+the+many+meanings+of+Mount+Rushmore....-a096644882 |magazine=[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]] |volume=34 |issue=9}}</ref> Scriptwriter [[Ernest Lehman]] later recalled that, as they were developing their story idea, Hitchcock "murmured wistfully, 'I always wanted to do a chase across the faces of Mount Rushmore.'"<ref>Barbara Straumann, "Rewriting American Foundational Myths in Alfred Hitchcock's ''North by Northwest''", in Martin Heusser and Gudrun Grabher, ''American Foundational Myths'' (2002), p. 201.</ref> The scene in the film was not actually filmed at the monument, as the [[National Park Service]], which had initially granted permission for the sequence to be filmed there, revoked this permission following concerns that the film would treat the monument unseriously.<ref name="Chapman">James Chapman, ''Hitchcock and the Spy Film'' (2017), p. 222.</ref> In the film the villain's house is located on a fictitious forested [[plateau]] above the monument. It has been noted that "the Mount Rushmore sequence undermines name, identity, and national purpose", with the protagonists of the film fleeing for their lives across the famous faces, which themselves are of no help.<ref>Christopher D. Morris, The Direction of "North by Northwest", ''Cinema Journal'', Vol. 36, No. 4 (Summer, 1997), pp. 43-56.</ref>
+[[File:Nxnwsign.jpg|thumb|250px|Sign near the mountain]]The memorial was used as the location of the climactic [[chase scene]] in [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s 1959 film ''[[North by Northwest]]'', which has been described as "[t]he mountain's primary visual association—aside from souvenir postcards".<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Freund |first=Charles Paul |date=2003 |title=Big schlock candy Mountain: the many meanings of Mount Rushmore |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Big+schlock+candy+Mountain%3A+the+many+meanings+of+Mount+Rushmore....-a096644882 |magazine=[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]] |volume=34 |issue=9 |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514144127/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Big+schlock+candy+Mountain%3a+the+many+meanings+of+Mount+Rushmore....-a096644882 |url-status=live }}</ref> Scriptwriter [[Ernest Lehman]] later recalled that, as they were developing their story idea, Hitchcock "murmured wistfully, 'I always wanted to do a chase across the faces of Mount Rushmore.'"<ref>Barbara Straumann, "Rewriting American Foundational Myths in Alfred Hitchcock's ''North by Northwest''", in Martin Heusser and Gudrun Grabher, ''American Foundational Myths'' (2002), p. 201.</ref> The scene in the film was not actually filmed at the monument, as the [[National Park Service]], which had initially granted permission for the sequence to be filmed there, revoked this permission following concerns that the film would treat the monument unseriously.<ref name="Chapman">James Chapman, ''Hitchcock and the Spy Film'' (2017), p. 222.</ref> In the film the villain's house is located on a fictitious forested [[plateau]] above the monument. It has been noted that "the Mount Rushmore sequence undermines name, identity, and national purpose", with the protagonists of the film fleeing for their lives across the famous faces, which themselves are of no help.<ref>Christopher D. Morris, The Direction of "North by Northwest", ''Cinema Journal'', Vol. 36, No. 4 (Summer, 1997), pp. 43-56.</ref>
-The 2005 ''[[Family Guy]]'' episode "[[North by North Quahog]]", is "a parody of the film, ''North by Northwest'', winding up in a face-off with Gibson atop Mount Rushmore".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/04/27/family-guy-north-by-north-quahog|title=Family Guy: "North by North Quahog"|date=April 27, 2005|website=IGN}}</ref><ref name="TVGuide">{{cite web |title=Episode Detail: North by North Quahog |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523171216/https://www.tvguide.com/detail/tv-show.aspx?tvobjectid=100148&more=ucepisodelist&episodeid=4590246 |access-date=July 3, 2009 |work=[[TV Guide]] |quote=Peter and Lois battle Mel Gibson (not voiced by Gibson himself) over their idea for an action-thriller sequel to "The Passion of the Christ." They end up in a parody of "North by Northwest" that takes them to Cape Cod, a Manhattan luxury hotel and, of course, Mount Rushmore.}}</ref> In the 1994 film ''[[Richie Rich (film)|Richie Rich]]'', the Rich family's imitation of Mount Rushmore becomes the setting for the film's finale, also echoing the finale of ''North by Northwest''.<ref name="Wallflower"/>
+The 2005 ''[[Family Guy]]'' episode "[[North by North Quahog]]", is "a parody of the film, ''North by Northwest'', winding up in a face-off with Gibson atop Mount Rushmore".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/04/27/family-guy-north-by-north-quahog|title=Family Guy: "North by North Quahog"|date=April 27, 2005|website=IGN|access-date=May 20, 2022|archive-date=May 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520003336/https://www.ign.com/articles/2005/04/27/family-guy-north-by-north-quahog|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TVGuide">{{cite web |title=Episode Detail: North by North Quahog |url=https://www.tvguide.com/detail/tv-show.aspx?tvobjectid=100148&more=ucepisodelist&episodeid=4590246 |access-date=July 3, 2009 |work=[[TV Guide]] |quote=Peter and Lois battle Mel Gibson (not voiced by Gibson himself) over their idea for an action-thriller sequel to "The Passion of the Christ." They end up in a parody of "North by Northwest" that takes them to Cape Cod, a Manhattan luxury hotel and, of course, Mount Rushmore. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523171216/https://www.tvguide.com/detail/tv-show.aspx?tvobjectid=100148&more=ucepisodelist&episodeid=4590246 |archive-date=23 May 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In the 1994 film ''[[Richie Rich (film)|Richie Rich]]'', the Rich family's imitation of Mount Rushmore becomes the setting for the film's finale, also echoing the finale of ''North by Northwest''.<ref name="Wallflower"/>
 ==In music==
+The 1986 album ''[[The Ballad of Sally Rose]]'' by [[Emmylou Harris]] satirizes the monument, singing of "Roosevelt's nose".<ref name=":0" />
-The song, "Little Snakes", from the 2020 [[Protest the Hero]] album ''[[Palimpsest (album)|Palimpsest]]'', "addresses the violent colonial history involved in the sculpting of Mount Rushmore", critiquing the monument as a symbol of [[colonialism]], referencing the [[genocide of indigenous peoples]] and the ownership of slaves by [[George Washington]] and [[Thomas Jefferson]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rolli|first=Bryan|date=June 16, 2020|title=Protest the Hero's Rody Walker: Trump's Vision of Greatness Is America's ‘Tragic Flaw’|url=https://loudwire.com/protest-the-hero-interview-rody-walker-trump-greatness-america-flaw/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-27|website=Loudwire|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Slingerland|first=Calum|date=June 18, 2020|title=Protest the Hero Give American History a Scathing Rewrite on 'Palimpsest'|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/protest_the_hero_palimpsest_album_review|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-10-27|website=exclaim.ca|language=en-ca}}</ref>
+The song "Little Snakes", from the 2020 [[Protest the Hero]] album ''[[Palimpsest (album)|Palimpsest]]'', "addresses the violent colonial history involved in the sculpting of Mount Rushmore", critiquing the monument as a symbol of [[colonialism]], referencing the [[genocide of indigenous peoples]] and the ownership of slaves by [[George Washington]] and [[Thomas Jefferson]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rolli|first=Bryan|date=June 16, 2020|title=Protest the Hero's Rody Walker: Trump's Vision of Greatness Is America's 'Tragic Flaw'|url=https://loudwire.com/protest-the-hero-interview-rody-walker-trump-greatness-america-flaw/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130054200/https://loudwire.com/protest-the-hero-interview-rody-walker-trump-greatness-america-flaw/|archive-date=2020-11-30|access-date=2020-10-27|website=Loudwire|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Slingerland|first=Calum|date=June 18, 2020|title=Protest the Hero Give American History a Scathing Rewrite on 'Palimpsest'|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/protest_the_hero_palimpsest_album_review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922124115/https://exclaim.ca/music/article/protest_the_hero_palimpsest_album_review|archive-date=2024-09-22|access-date=2020-10-27|website=exclaim.ca|language=en-ca|url-status=live}}</ref>
+==See also==
+*[[Cultural depictions of George Washington]]
+*[[Cultural depictions of Thomas Jefferson]]
+*[[Cultural depictions of Theodore Roosevelt]]
+*[[Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln]]
 == References ==
 {{reflist}}
+{{Mount Rushmore}}
 {{Black Hills, South Dakota}}

v t e Mount Rushmore
Shrine of Democracy
Construction	Gutzon Borglum (sculptor) Lincoln Borglum (assistant sculptor) Luigi Del Bianco (chief carver) Walter K. Long (assisted) Doane Robinson (conceived idea) Peter Norbeck (political promoter, Norbeck-Williamson Act of 1929)
Subjects	George Washington Thomas Jefferson Theodore Roosevelt Abraham Lincoln
Museum	Lincoln Borglum Museum
Location	Black Hills of South Dakota
Legacy	In popular culture Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins National symbols of the United States
Related	Charles E. Rushmore (namesake) 2020 fireworks celebration Mount Rushmore Syndrome USS Rushmore (LSD-14) USS Rushmore (LSD-47)