Silverliner V: Difference between revisions
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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}} |
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{{Short description|Electric multiple unit railcar}} |
{{Short description|Electric multiple unit railcar}} |
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{{Infobox train |
{{Infobox train |
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| interiorimagealt = |
| interiorimagealt = |
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| interiorcaption = RTD {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 4028 on the [[A Line (RTD)|A Line]] at [[Denver Airport station]]. |
| interiorcaption = RTD {{Abbr|No.|Number}} 4028 on the [[A Line (RTD)|A Line]] at [[Denver Airport station]]. |
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| service = 2010-present (SEPTA)<br>2016-present (RTD) |
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| manufacturer = [[Hyundai Rotem]]<ref name="testrun">{{cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/20100915_Test_run_for_two_of_SEPTA_s_new_Silverliner_V_train_cars.html?viewAll=y|title=Test run for two of SEPTA's new Silverliner V train cars|last=Nussbaum|first=Paul|date=September 15, 2010|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|accessdate=December 17, 2010}}</ref> |
| manufacturer = [[Hyundai Rotem]]<ref name="testrun">{{cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/20100915_Test_run_for_two_of_SEPTA_s_new_Silverliner_V_train_cars.html?viewAll=y|title=Test run for two of SEPTA's new Silverliner V train cars|last=Nussbaum|first=Paul|date=September 15, 2010|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|accessdate=December 17, 2010}}</ref> |
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| factory = [[South Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]] |
| factory = [[South Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]] |
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| family = [[Silverliner]] |
| family = [[Silverliner]] |
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| replaced = 73 Silverliner II and Silverliner III's<ref name="testrun"/> (SEPTA) |
| replaced = 73 Silverliner II and Silverliner III's<ref name="testrun"/> (SEPTA) |
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| yearconstruction = 2009 |
| yearconstruction = 2009~2016 |
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| yearservice = 2010 |
| yearservice = 2010 (SEPTA)<br />2016 (RTD) |
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| numberbuilt = Total: 186<br />SEPTA: 120<br />RTD: 66 |
| numberbuilt = Total: 186<br />SEPTA: 120<br />RTD: 66 |
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| numberservice = 186 |
| numberservice = 186 |
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| formation = |
| formation = |
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| fleetnumbers = SEPTA: 701-738, 801-882<br />RTD: 4001-4066 |
| fleetnumbers = SEPTA: 701-738, 801-882<br />RTD: 4001-4066 |
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| capacity = |
| capacity = SEPTA:<br />Single Car: 107<br />Married Pair Car: 109<br />RTD:<br />91 per car |
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| operator = [[SEPTA]]<br />Denver [[Regional Transportation District|RTD]] |
| operator = [[SEPTA]]<br />Denver [[Regional Transportation District|RTD]] |
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| depots = |
| depots = |
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| lines = [[SEPTA Regional Rail]]<br /> Denver [[Regional Transportation District|RTD]] Commuter Rail |
| lines = [[SEPTA Regional Rail]]<br /> Denver [[Regional Transportation District|RTD]] Commuter Rail |
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| carbody = [[Stainless steel]],<ref name="hyundai">{{cite web|url=http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Eng/Business/Rail/Railroad/Product/rail1_pop04.asp|title=US SEPTA Silverliner-V EMUs|url-status=dead|publisher=Hyundai Rotem|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007021558/http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Eng/Business/Rail/Railroad/Product/rail1_pop04.asp|archive-date= |
| carbody = [[Stainless steel]],<ref name="hyundai">{{cite web|url=http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Eng/Business/Rail/Railroad/Product/rail1_pop04.asp|title=US SEPTA Silverliner-V EMUs|url-status=dead|publisher=Hyundai Rotem|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007021558/http://www.hyundai-rotem.co.kr/Eng/Business/Rail/Railroad/Product/rail1_pop04.asp|archive-date=October 7, 2011}}</ref> corrugateless due to molybdenum-free and titanium-containing |
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| carlength = {{convert|85|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}} |
| carlength = {{convert|85|ft|0|in|m|abbr=on}} |
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| width = {{convert|10|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} |
| width = {{convert|10|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} |
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| doors = quarter point<br />SEPTA: 3 per side, 2 with traps.<br />RTD: 2 per side |
| doors = quarter point<br />SEPTA: 3 per side, 2 with traps.<br />RTD: 2 per side |
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| art-sections = |
| art-sections = |
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| maxspeed = {{ubl|class=nowrap| |
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| maxspeed = ''Design speed:''<br />{{convert|110|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}<ref name="hyundai"/><br />''Operating speed:''<br />{{convert|110|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}<ref name="hyundai"/>(SEPTA)<br />{{convert|79|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}(RTD) |
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|'''Service:''' |
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|{{convert|110|mph|abbr=on|round=10}} (SEPTA) |
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|{{convert|79|mph|abbr=on|round=10}} (RTD) |
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|'''Design:''' |
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|{{convert|110|mph|abbr=on|round=10}}<ref name="hyundai"/> |
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}} |
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| weight = {{convert|146600|lb|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name="bizjournal">{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/blogs/stimulus_tracker/2010/10/blog-septas-future-is-here.html|title=Blog: SEPTA's future is here|last=Merritt|first=Athena|date=October 29, 2010|work=[[Philadelphia Business Journal]]|accessdate=December 17, 2010}}</ref> |
| weight = {{convert|146600|lb|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name="bizjournal">{{cite web|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/blogs/stimulus_tracker/2010/10/blog-septas-future-is-here.html|title=Blog: SEPTA's future is here|last=Merritt|first=Athena|date=October 29, 2010|work=[[Philadelphia Business Journal]]|accessdate=December 17, 2010}}</ref> |
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| acceleration = {{convert|3|mph/s|km/h/s|abbr=on}} up to {{convert|30|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} |
| acceleration = {{convert|3|mph/s|km/h/s|abbr=on}} up to {{convert|30|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} |
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| deceleration = ''' |
| deceleration = '''Minimum Reduction''':<br />{{convert|0.4|mph/s|km/h/s|abbr=on}} up to {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on}};<br /> '''Suppression''':<br />{{convert|1.6|mph/s|km/h/s|abbr=on}} up to {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on}};<br />'''Full Service''':<br />{{convert|2.5|mph/s|km/h/s|abbr=on}} up to {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on}};<br />'''Emergency''':<br />{{convert|3|mph/s|km/h/s|abbr=on}} |
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| traction = [[Mitsubishi Electric]] [[IGBT]]–[[VVVF]] inverter<ref name="hyundai"/><br />SEPTA: MAP-204-A12VD185<ref>B/L NYKS0062222520. 2008/11/04. "PROPULSION CONVERTER INVERTER BOX P N MAP-204-A12VD185"</ref> |
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| traction = [[IGBT]]–[[VVVF]] ([[Mitsubishi Electric]])<ref name="hyundai"/> |
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| engine = |
| engine = |
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| traction motors = 3-phase AC [[induction motor]] |
| traction motors = Mitsubishi Electric 3-phase AC [[induction motor]]<ref name="hyundai"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141129032016/http://www.mbta.com/uploadedfiles/Business_Center/Bidding_and_Solicitations/Kawasaki%20Part%204%20-%20Tab%20I.1%20(Technical%20Approach).pdf Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority New Orange and Red Line Vehicles RFP No. CAP 27-10 (Page 7)]</ref><br />SEPTA: MB-5127-A<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bidnet.com/bneattachments?/671623304.docx|title=SL5 Traction Motor Bearings|date=February 1, 2021|publisher=SEPTA}}</ref><!--<br />RTD: MB-5127-A--> |
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| poweroutput = |
| poweroutput = |
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| transmission = |
| transmission = |
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Line 48: | Line 56: | ||
}} |
}} |
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| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]] |
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]] |
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| |
| aarwheels = B-B |
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| |
| uicclass = Bo′Bo′ |
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| bogies = Bolsterless, [[General Steel Industries|GSI 70]]<ref name="hyundai"/> |
| bogies = Bolsterless, [[General Steel Industries|GSI 70]]<ref name="hyundai"/> |
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| brakes = Pneumatic, one outboard disc, one tread per wheel.<ref name="hyundai"/><br />Dynamic/Regenerative |
| brakes = Pneumatic, one outboard disc, one tread per wheel.<ref name="hyundai"/><br />Dynamic/Regenerative |
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| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}} |
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}} |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Silverliner V''' is an [[electric multiple unit]] railcar designed and built by [[Hyundai Rotem]]. It is used by [[Philadelphia]]'s [[SEPTA Regional Rail]] and [[Denver |
The '''Silverliner V''' is an [[electric multiple unit]] railcar designed and built by [[Hyundai Rotem]]. It is used by [[Philadelphia]]'s [[SEPTA Regional Rail]] and [[Denver]]'s [[Regional Transportation District]]. This is the fifth generation railcar in the [[Silverliner]] family of single level EMUs. |
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==SEPTA Regional Rail== |
==SEPTA Regional Rail== |
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The cars feature expanded interiors and windows, additional entrances and screens used to display information about the service.<ref name="progressive">{{cite web|url=http://www.progressiverailroading.com/news/article.asp?id=24942|title=SEPTA Unveils First Silverliner V Train|publisher=Progressive Railroading|date= |
The cars feature expanded interiors and windows, additional entrances and screens used to display information about the service.<ref name="progressive">{{cite web|url=http://www.progressiverailroading.com/news/article.asp?id=24942|title=SEPTA Unveils First Silverliner V Train|publisher=Progressive Railroading|date=November 3, 2010|accessdate=November 3, 2010}}</ref> They are all [[Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990|ADA]] compliant and meet [[Federal Railroad Administration]] safety requirements.<ref name="septa">{{cite web|url=http://www.septa.org/media/short/2010/03-02.html|title=Silverliner V Pilot Cars Arrive|publisher=SEPTA|accessdate=November 3, 2010}}</ref> |
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The cars were expected to arrive in 2005, but due to contract disputes, design delays, and a factory needing to be built in South Philadelphia, they did not arrive until 2010. |
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SEPTA ordered a total of 120 cars at a cost of [[US dollar|$]]274 million;<ref name="progressive"/> the first cars arrived in the United States on |
SEPTA ordered a total of 120 cars at a cost of [[US dollar|$]]274 million;<ref name="progressive" /> the first cars arrived in the United States on February 28, 2010 (five years overdue) from [[South Korea]], where they were manufactured by [[Hyundai Rotem]].<ref name="progressive" /><ref name="septa" /> The cars were built in South Korea and the final assembly took place in [[South Philadelphia]].<ref name="progressive" /> The cars entered revenue service on October 29, 2010, and all 120 were to be completed by the end of 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.philly.com/inquirer/local/20101030_SEPTA_s_new_railcar_model_makes_inaugural_trip.html|title=SEPTA's new railcar model makes inaugural trip|publisher=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=October 30, 2010|accessdate=November 3, 2010}}</ref> However, due to delays that were reported to last until mid-2012, SEPTA is owed millions in fines for the overdue equipment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/component/flexicontent/item/31279-14tmsepta|title=SEPTA owed millions in fines for overdue Philadelphia railcars|publisher=newsworks.org|date=December 14, 2011}}</ref> SEPTA also closed off the very front row of seats due to safety concerns.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whyy.org/articles/say-goodbye-special-railfan-seat/|title=Say goodbye to the special "railfan seat"|publisher=WHYY|date=March 2, 2011}}</ref> |
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The last of the 120 cars arrived on property for testing in February 2013. |
The last of the 120 cars arrived on the property for testing in February 2013. |
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Cars 735, 736, 871 and 872 are owned by the state of [[Delaware]]. However, they are used systemwide for service |
Cars 735, 736, 871, and 872 are owned by the state of [[Delaware]]. However, they are used systemwide for service and are not restricted to use on services to Delaware only.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}} |
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On July 2, 2016, SEPTA removed all 120 of its Silverliner V cars – a third of its fleet – from service due to fatigue cracks in the [[bogie|trucks]], leading to reduced service system-wide |
On July 2, 2016, SEPTA removed all 120 of its Silverliner V cars – a third of its fleet – from service due to fatigue cracks in the [[bogie|trucks]], leading to reduced service system-wide.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://trn.trains.com/news/news-wire/2016/07/05-septas-silverliner-v-fleet-partially-sidelined-with-defects | title=SEPTA's Silverliner V fleet sidelined with defects | work=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] | date=July 5, 2016 | accessdate=July 5, 2016 | author=Calisi, Joseph .}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The agency received some of the trains back in September 2016; but subsequently withdrew 18 cars after an additional defect was identified – a “clearance issue” that led to occasional contact between old and new components.<ref name=Clearance>{{cite news |url= https://www.inquirer.com/philly/blogs/in-transit/SEPTA-pulls-repaired-Silverliner-V-cars-after-new-defect-found.html |title= SEPTA pulls repaired Silverliner V cars after new defect found |work=Philadelphia Inquirer |date=September 12, 2016}}</ref> SEPTA announced that it could resume normal schedules on October 3 and would receive all trains by November 2016.<ref name=Repair>{{cite web |url= https://www.septa.org/media/releases/2016/9-12-16.html |title=SEPTA Regional Rail Returns To Regular Weekday Schedules |publisher=SEPTA |date=September 30, 2016}}</ref> |
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==RTD Commuter Rail== |
==RTD Commuter Rail== |
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In 2010 Denver's [[Regional Transportation District]] selected the Silverliner V for its [[East Corridor (RTD)|new commuter rail line]]. A total of 66 cars were purchased in the [[married pair]] configuration for a total of $300 million. The first four cars were delivered to Denver on December 3, 2014 with service to start in 2016.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_27054763/rtds-new-rail-cars-fastracks-system-unveiled-public | title=RTD's new rail cars for FasTracks system unveiled to public | work=[[The Denver Post]] | date=December 3, 2014 | accessdate=August 11, 2016 | author=Whaley, Monte | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081023/http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_27054763/rtds-new-rail-cars-fastracks-system-unveiled-public | archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> As of 2020, Silverliner V trains are used on the RTD's [[A Line (RTD)|A]], [[B Line (RTD)|B]], [[G Line (RTD)|G]] and [[N Line (RTD)|N]] lines. |
In 2010 Denver's [[Regional Transportation District]] selected the Silverliner V for its [[East Corridor (RTD)|new commuter rail line]]. A total of 66 cars were purchased in the [[married pair]] configuration for a total of $300 million. The first four cars were delivered to Denver on December 3, 2014, with service to start in 2016.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_27054763/rtds-new-rail-cars-fastracks-system-unveiled-public | title=RTD's new rail cars for FasTracks system unveiled to public | work=[[The Denver Post]] | date=December 3, 2014 | accessdate=August 11, 2016 | author=Whaley, Monte | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081023/http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_27054763/rtds-new-rail-cars-fastracks-system-unveiled-public | archivedate=March 4, 2016}}</ref> As of 2020, Silverliner V trains are used on the RTD's [[A Line (RTD)|A]], [[B Line (RTD)|B]], [[G Line (RTD)|G]] and [[N Line (RTD)|N]] lines. |
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Differences between the RTD and SEPTA cars include support for only 25 kV |
Differences between the RTD and SEPTA cars include support for only 25 kV 60Hz AC electrification, two center-opening high-level doors per side, less powerful traction motors, full-width cabs, and bells. |
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==Electromagnetic interference== |
==Electromagnetic interference== |
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Some users of audio equipment have found that the presence of tracks carrying Silverliner V cars |
Some users of audio equipment have found that the presence of tracks carrying Silverliner V cars has introduced detrimental [[electromagnetic interference]] to the playback and recording of audio. This phenomenon also affects audio and PA electronics inside the cars, although Hyundai Rotem has fitted filters to lessen the effect on internal equipment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://citypaper.net/article.php?How-SEPTA-s-New-Trains-Drove-a-Recording-Engineer-Out-of-Town-12249|title=How SEPTA's New Trains Drove a Recording Engineer Out of Town|publisher=Philadelphia Citypaper|date=May 8, 2013}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
Latest revision as of 12:12, 10 November 2024
Silverliner V | |
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In service | 2010-present (SEPTA) 2016-present (RTD) |
Manufacturer | Hyundai Rotem[1] |
Built at | South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
Family name | Silverliner |
Replaced | 73 Silverliner II and Silverliner III's[1] (SEPTA) |
Constructed | 2009~2016 |
Entered service | 2010 (SEPTA) 2016 (RTD) |
Number built | Total: 186 SEPTA: 120 RTD: 66 |
Number in service | 186 |
Fleet numbers | SEPTA: 701-738, 801-882 RTD: 4001-4066 |
Capacity | SEPTA: Single Car: 107 Married Pair Car: 109 RTD: 91 per car |
Operators | SEPTA Denver RTD |
Lines served | SEPTA Regional Rail Denver RTD Commuter Rail |
Specifications | |
Car body construction | Stainless steel,[2] corrugateless due to molybdenum-free and titanium-containing |
Car length | 85 ft 0 in (25.91 m) |
Width | 10 ft 6 in (3.20 m) |
Height | 14 ft 8 in (4.47 m) |
Floor height | 4 ft 3 in (1.30 m) |
Doors | quarter point SEPTA: 3 per side, 2 with traps. RTD: 2 per side |
Maximum speed |
|
Weight | 146,600 lb (66,500 kg)[3] |
Traction system | Mitsubishi Electric IGBT–VVVF inverter[2] SEPTA: MAP-204-A12VD185[4] |
Traction motors | Mitsubishi Electric 3-phase AC induction motor[2][5] SEPTA: MB-5127-A[6] |
Acceleration | 3 mph/s (4.8 km/(h⋅s)) up to 30 mph (48 km/h) |
Deceleration | Minimum Reduction: 0.4 mph/s (0.64 km/(h⋅s)) up to 50 mph (80 km/h); Suppression: 1.6 mph/s (2.6 km/(h⋅s)) up to 50 mph (80 km/h); Full Service: 2.5 mph/s (4.0 km/(h⋅s)) up to 50 mph (80 km/h); Emergency: 3 mph/s (4.8 km/(h⋅s)) |
Electric system(s) | Overhead catenary;
|
Current collector(s) | Pantograph |
UIC classification | Bo′Bo′ |
AAR wheel arrangement | B-B |
Bogies | Bolsterless, GSI 70[2] |
Braking system(s) | Pneumatic, one outboard disc, one tread per wheel.[2] Dynamic/Regenerative |
Coupling system | WABCO Model N-2 |
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge |
The Silverliner V is an electric multiple unit railcar designed and built by Hyundai Rotem. It is used by Philadelphia's SEPTA Regional Rail and Denver's Regional Transportation District. This is the fifth generation railcar in the Silverliner family of single level EMUs.
SEPTA Regional Rail
[edit]The cars feature expanded interiors and windows, additional entrances and screens used to display information about the service.[7] They are all ADA compliant and meet Federal Railroad Administration safety requirements.[8]
The cars were expected to arrive in 2005, but due to contract disputes, design delays, and a factory needing to be built in South Philadelphia, they did not arrive until 2010.
SEPTA ordered a total of 120 cars at a cost of $274 million;[7] the first cars arrived in the United States on February 28, 2010 (five years overdue) from South Korea, where they were manufactured by Hyundai Rotem.[7][8] The cars were built in South Korea and the final assembly took place in South Philadelphia.[7] The cars entered revenue service on October 29, 2010, and all 120 were to be completed by the end of 2011.[9] However, due to delays that were reported to last until mid-2012, SEPTA is owed millions in fines for the overdue equipment.[10] SEPTA also closed off the very front row of seats due to safety concerns.[11]
The last of the 120 cars arrived on the property for testing in February 2013.
Cars 735, 736, 871, and 872 are owned by the state of Delaware. However, they are used systemwide for service and are not restricted to use on services to Delaware only.[citation needed]
On July 2, 2016, SEPTA removed all 120 of its Silverliner V cars – a third of its fleet – from service due to fatigue cracks in the trucks, leading to reduced service system-wide.[12] The agency received some of the trains back in September 2016; but subsequently withdrew 18 cars after an additional defect was identified – a “clearance issue” that led to occasional contact between old and new components.[13] SEPTA announced that it could resume normal schedules on October 3 and would receive all trains by November 2016.[14]
RTD Commuter Rail
[edit]In 2010 Denver's Regional Transportation District selected the Silverliner V for its new commuter rail line. A total of 66 cars were purchased in the married pair configuration for a total of $300 million. The first four cars were delivered to Denver on December 3, 2014, with service to start in 2016.[15] As of 2020, Silverliner V trains are used on the RTD's A, B, G and N lines.
Differences between the RTD and SEPTA cars include support for only 25 kV 60Hz AC electrification, two center-opening high-level doors per side, less powerful traction motors, full-width cabs, and bells.
Electromagnetic interference
[edit]Some users of audio equipment have found that the presence of tracks carrying Silverliner V cars has introduced detrimental electromagnetic interference to the playback and recording of audio. This phenomenon also affects audio and PA electronics inside the cars, although Hyundai Rotem has fitted filters to lessen the effect on internal equipment.[16]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Nussbaum, Paul (September 15, 2010). "Test run for two of SEPTA's new Silverliner V train cars". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f "US SEPTA Silverliner-V EMUs". Hyundai Rotem. Archived from the original on October 7, 2011.
- ^ Merritt, Athena (October 29, 2010). "Blog: SEPTA's future is here". Philadelphia Business Journal. Retrieved December 17, 2010.
- ^ B/L NYKS0062222520. 2008/11/04. "PROPULSION CONVERTER INVERTER BOX P N MAP-204-A12VD185"
- ^ Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority New Orange and Red Line Vehicles RFP No. CAP 27-10 (Page 7)
- ^ "SL5 Traction Motor Bearings". SEPTA. February 1, 2021.
- ^ a b c d "SEPTA Unveils First Silverliner V Train". Progressive Railroading. November 3, 2010. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
- ^ a b "Silverliner V Pilot Cars Arrive". SEPTA. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
- ^ "SEPTA's new railcar model makes inaugural trip". The Philadelphia Inquirer. October 30, 2010. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
- ^ "SEPTA owed millions in fines for overdue Philadelphia railcars". newsworks.org. December 14, 2011.
- ^ "Say goodbye to the special "railfan seat"". WHYY. March 2, 2011.
- ^ Calisi, Joseph . (July 5, 2016). "SEPTA's Silverliner V fleet sidelined with defects". Trains. Retrieved July 5, 2016. (subscription required)
- ^ "SEPTA pulls repaired Silverliner V cars after new defect found". Philadelphia Inquirer. September 12, 2016.
- ^ "SEPTA Regional Rail Returns To Regular Weekday Schedules". SEPTA. September 30, 2016.
- ^ Whaley, Monte (December 3, 2014). "RTD's new rail cars for FasTracks system unveiled to public". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
- ^ "How SEPTA's New Trains Drove a Recording Engineer Out of Town". Philadelphia Citypaper. May 8, 2013.
External links
[edit]Media related to Rotem Silverliner V at Wikimedia Commons