George Washington Adams: Difference between revisions

George Washington Adams
George Washington Adams
	Portrait by Charles Bird King
Member of the Boston Common Council; from Ward 7
	In office; 1828
Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
	In office; 1826–1827
Personal details
Born	April 12, 1801; Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
Died	April 30, 1829 (aged 28); Long Island Sound, U.S.
Cause of death	Suicide
Children	1
Parents	John Quincy Adams (father); Louisa Johnson (mother);
Relatives	John Adams (grandfather); Adams political family
Education	Harvard University

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George Washington Adams (April 12, 1801 – April 30, 1829) was an American attorney and politician. He was the eldest son of U.S. president John Quincy Adams, the sixth President of the United States, and grandson of John Adams, the second President of the United States. Adams served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives and on the Boston Common Council. He is believed to have committed suicide at age 28.

Biography

George Washington Adams was born in Berlin, the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia, on April 12, 1801. He was a member of the distinguished Adams family. Adams was the eldest son of John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States, who was then serving as a diplomatic representative of the United States, and his English-born wife Louisa Catherine Adams.^[1]^[2] He was named for the first president. His paternal grandfather John Adams was the first vice president of the United States and also the second president. He was born a month after his grandfather left office.^[3]

Adams's paternal grandmother, Abigail Adams, was unhappy with the decision of her son to name the child after George Washington and not after her husband. She thought the decision "ill judged" and "wrong," adding that John Adams also seemed offended.^[4] John Quincy Adams's second son John Adams II (1803–1834) was named after his grandfather.

Adams graduated from Harvard University in the Class of 1821 and studied law. After briefly practicing as an attorney, he ran for state office. He was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1826 and served one year. In 1828, Adams served on the Boston Common Council, being elected from ward 7.^[5] He delivered an Independence Day speech, "An Oration delivered at Quincy, on the Fifth of July, 1824", which was later published as a pamphlet.^[6]

Adams disappeared on April 30, 1829, while on board the steamship Benjamin Franklin in Long Island Sound during passage from Boston to Washington, D.C. He was last seen at about 2 A.M., and his hat and cloak were found on deck, leading to the conclusion that he had intentionally jumped.^[7] His body washed ashore on June 10.^[8]^[9] An alcoholic,^[10] Adams had left notes hinting that he intended to kill himself;^[11] he had appeared to be delusional while on the ship, asking the captain to return to shore and declaring that the other passengers were conspiring against him.^[12] The consensus in news accounts of the time and among historians subsequently is that he died by suicide by drowning after he jumped from the Benjamin Franklin.^[8]^[13]^[14]

Family

Adams and his brothers Charles and John were all rivals for the same woman, their cousin Mary Catherine Hellen, who lived with the John Quincy Adams family after the death of her parents. In 1828, John Adams II married Mary Hellen at a ceremony in the White House, and both his brothers refused to attend.^[15]

Adams fathered an out-of-wedlock child^[16] with a mistress, Eliza Dolph.^[10] Dolph was the chambermaid to Dr. Thomas Welsh, the Adams family's Boston doctor. She had a child in December 1828 and was moved to another location so Adams could visit her and the baby in secrecy.^[17] The child never had a recorded first name and a letter mentions "Eliza Dolph has gained her health and lost her child," suggesting the child died in infancy.^[18]

Family tree

}

John Adams
(1735–1826)

Abigail Adams (née Smith)
(1744–1818)

William Stephens Smith
(1755–1816)

Abigail Amelia Adams Smith
(1765–1813)

John Quincy Adams
(1767–1848)

Louisa Catherine Adams (née Johnson)
(1775–1852)

Charles Adams
(1770–1800)

Thomas Boylston Adams
(1772–1832)

George Washington Adams
(1801–1829)

John Adams II
(1803–1834)

Charles Francis Adams Sr.
(1807–1886)

Abigail Brown Adams (née Brooks)
(1808–1889)

Frances Cadwalader Crowninshield
(1839–1911)

John Quincy Adams II
(1833–1894)

Charles Francis Adams Jr.
(1835–1915)

Henry Brooks Adams
(1838–1918)

Marian Hooper Adams
(1843–1885)

Peter Chardon Brooks Adams
(1848–1927)

George Casper Adams
(1863–1900)

Charles Francis Adams III
(1866–1954)

Frances Adams (née Lovering)
(1869–1956)

John Adams
(1875–1964)

Henry Sturgis Morgan
(1900–1982)

Catherine Lovering Adams Morgan
(1902–1988)

Charles Francis Adams IV
(1910–1999)

Thomas Boylston Adams
(1910–1997)

Notes

^ Lewis L. Gould, American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy (2014), p. 47
^ Ellis, Joseph J. First Family: John and Abigail Adams. New York: Random House, 2010: 217. ISBN 9780307389992
^ McCullough 2001, p. 572.
^ "From Abigail Smith Adams to Thomas Boylston Adams, 12 July 1801". Adams Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2020.[This is an Early Access document from The Adams Papers. It is not an authoritative final version.]
^ "Massachusetts Historical Society: Adams Biographical Sketches". www.masshist.org.
^ "Oration-July 5, 1824-Quincy, Massachusetts". Archived from the original on March 15, 2015. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
^ Whittemore, Henry (1893). The Past and the Present of Steam Navigation on Long Island Sound. New York, NY: Providence and Stonington Steamship Company. p. 42.
^ ^a ^b Shepherd, Jack, Cannibals of the Heart: A Personal Biography of Louisa Catherine and John Quincy Adams, New York, McGraw-Hill 1980
^ "We learn from Mr. Ferris, one of the Hurl Gate pilots, that the body of the late G. W. Adams, son of the late president Adams, was found yesterday afternoon on City Island, directly in front of his door". New York Evening Post. New York, NY. June 11, 1829. p. 2.
^ ^a ^b "Massachusetts Historical Society: Adams Biographical Sketches". www.masshist.org.
^ Levy, Debbie (2005). John Quincy Adams. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-8225-0825-0.
^ Teed, Paul (2006). John Quincy Adams: Yankee Nationalist. Nova Science Publishers. pp. 127–128. ISBN 9781594547973.
^ Sellers, Charles; Sellers, Charles Grier (1991). The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-19-503889-7.
^ Niles, Hezekiah (May 9, 1829). "Miscellaneous: Domestic Items; George Washington Adams". Niles' Weekly Register. Baltimore, MD. p. 164.
^ Paul C. Nagel, The Adams Women: Abigail and Louisa Adams, Their Sisters and Daughters, 1999, pages 236 to 238
^ Kendall, Joshua. "The First Children Who Led Sad Lives". Smithsonian Magazine.
^ Excerpt from Report of a Trial: Miles Farmer, vs Dr. David Humphreys Storer, April 1830
^ "Report of a trial: Miles Farmer, versus Dr. David Humphreys Storer; commenced in the Court of common pleas, April term, 1830, from which it was appealed to the Supreme judicial court, and by consent of parties, referred to referees, relative to the transactions between Miss Eliza Dolph and George Washington Adams". Studies in Scarlet - CURIOSity Digital Collections. Retrieved 2022-07-08.

Bibliography

McCullough, David (2001). John Adams. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-4165-7588-7.

External links

[1] Lewis L. Gould, American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy (2014), p. 47

[2] Ellis, Joseph J. First Family: John and Abigail Adams. New York: Random House, 2010: 217. ISBN 9780307389992

[FOOTNOTEMcCullough2001572-3] McCullough 2001, p. 572.

[4] "From Abigail Smith Adams to Thomas Boylston Adams, 12 July 1801". Adams Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society. Archived from the original on December 24, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2020.[This is an Early Access document from The Adams Papers. It is not an authoritative final version.]

[5] "Massachusetts Historical Society: Adams Biographical Sketches". www.masshist.org.

[6] "Oration-July 5, 1824-Quincy, Massachusetts". Archived from the original on March 15, 2015. Retrieved March 12, 2015.

[7] Whittemore, Henry (1893). The Past and the Present of Steam Navigation on Long Island Sound. New York, NY: Providence and Stonington Steamship Company. p. 42.

[Shepherd-8] Shepherd, Jack, Cannibals of the Heart: A Personal Biography of Louisa Catherine and John Quincy Adams, New York, McGraw-Hill 1980

[9] "We learn from Mr. Ferris, one of the Hurl Gate pilots, that the body of the late G. W. Adams, son of the late president Adams, was found yesterday afternoon on City Island, directly in front of his door". New York Evening Post. New York, NY. June 11, 1829. p. 2.

[auto-10] "Massachusetts Historical Society: Adams Biographical Sketches". www.masshist.org.

[11] Levy, Debbie (2005). John Quincy Adams. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-8225-0825-0.

[12] Teed, Paul (2006). John Quincy Adams: Yankee Nationalist. Nova Science Publishers. pp. 127–128. ISBN 9781594547973.

[13] Sellers, Charles; Sellers, Charles Grier (1991). The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-19-503889-7.

[14] Niles, Hezekiah (May 9, 1829). "Miscellaneous: Domestic Items; George Washington Adams". Niles' Weekly Register. Baltimore, MD. p. 164.

[15] Paul C. Nagel, The Adams Women: Abigail and Louisa Adams, Their Sisters and Daughters, 1999, pages 236 to 238

[16] Kendall, Joshua. "The First Children Who Led Sad Lives". Smithsonian Magazine.

[17] Excerpt from Report of a Trial: Miles Farmer, vs Dr. David Humphreys Storer, April 1830

[18] "Report of a trial: Miles Farmer, versus Dr. David Humphreys Storer; commenced in the Court of common pleas, April term, 1830, from which it was appealed to the Supreme judicial court, and by consent of parties, referred to referees, relative to the transactions between Miss Eliza Dolph and George Washington Adams". Studies in Scarlet - CURIOSity Digital Collections. Retrieved 2022-07-08.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{short description|American politician}}
+{{Short description|American politician (1801–1829)}}
+{{for|the missionary|George J. Adams}}
 {{Infobox officeholder
 |name        = George Washington Adams
 |image       = George Washington Adams.jpg
 | caption      = Portrait by [[Charles Bird King]]
-|office      = Member of the [[Massachusetts House of Representatives]]
+|office      = Member of the [[Boston Common Council]]<br>from Ward 7
-|term_start  = 1826
+|term  = 1828
-|term_end    = 1827
 |predecessor =
 |successor   =
+|office1      = Member of the [[Massachusetts House of Representatives]]
+|term_start1  = 1826
+|term_end1    = 1827
+|predecessor1 =
+|successor1   =
 |birth_name  =
 |birth_date  = {{Birth date|1801|4|12}}
 |birth_place = [[Berlin]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]]
 |death_date  = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1829|4|30|1801|4|12}}
-|death_place = [[Long Island Sound]]
+|death_place = [[Long Island Sound]], U.S.
 |party       =
 |death_cause = [[Suicide]]
@@ Line 19: / Line 24: @@
 |children    = 1
 |father      = [[John Quincy Adams]]
+|mother      = [[Louisa Adams|Louisa Johnson]]
 |relatives   = [[John Adams]] (grandfather)<br>[[Adams political family]]
 |education   = [[Harvard University]]
 }}
-'''George Washington Adams''' (April 12, 1801 – April 30, 1829) was an American attorney and politician. He was the eldest son of [[John Quincy Adams]], the sixth [[president of the United States]]. Adams served in the [[Massachusetts House of Representatives]] and on the [[Boston City Council]]. He is believed to have committed suicide at age 28.
+'''George Washington Adams''' (April 12, 1801 – April 30, 1829) was an American attorney and politician. He was the eldest son of U.S. president [[John Quincy Adams]], the sixth [[President of the United States]], and grandson of [[John Adams]], the second [[President of the United States]]. Adams served in the [[Massachusetts House of Representatives]] and on the [[Boston Common Council]]. He is believed to have committed [[suicide]] at age 28.
 == Biography ==
-George Washington Adams was born in [[Berlin]], the capital of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]], on April 12, 1801. He was a member of the distinguished [[Adams political family|Adams family]]. Adams was the eldest son of [[John Quincy Adams]], the sixth [[president of the United States]], who was then serving as a diplomatic representative of the United States, and his English-born wife [[Louisa Adams|Louisa Catherine Adams]].<ref>Lewis L. Gould, ''American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy'' (2014), p. 47</ref><ref>Ellis, Joseph J. ''First Family: John and Abigail Adams''. New York: Random House, 2010: 217. {{ISBN|9780307389992}}</ref> He was named for the first president. His grandfather [[John Adams]] was the first [[vice president of the United States]] and also the second president. He was born a month after his grandfather left office.{{sfn|McCullough|2001|p=572}}
+George Washington Adams was born in [[Berlin]], the capital of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]], on April 12, 1801. He was a member of the distinguished [[Adams political family|Adams family]]. Adams was the eldest son of [[John Quincy Adams]], the sixth [[president of the United States]], who was then serving as a diplomatic representative of the United States, and his English-born wife [[Louisa Adams|Louisa Catherine Adams]].<ref>Lewis L. Gould, ''American First Ladies: Their Lives and Their Legacy'' (2014), p. 47</ref><ref>Ellis, Joseph J. ''First Family: John and Abigail Adams''. New York: Random House, 2010: 217. {{ISBN|9780307389992}}</ref> He was named for the first president. His paternal grandfather [[John Adams]] was the first [[vice president of the United States]] and also the second president. He was born a month after his grandfather left office.{{sfn|McCullough|2001|p=572}}
-Adams's grandmother, [[Abigail Adams]], was unhappy with the decision of her son to name the child after [[George Washington]] and not after her husband. She thought the decision "ill judged" and "wrong," adding that John Adams also seemed offended.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/99-03-02-0990 |title=From Abigail Smith Adams to Thomas Boylston Adams, 12 July 1801 |publisher=Adams Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society |access-date=January 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224234657/https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/99-03-02-0990 |archive-date=December 24, 2019 |url-status=live}}[This is an Early Access document from The Adams Papers. It is not an authoritative final version.]</ref> John Quincy Adams's second son [[John Adams II]] (1803–1834) was named after his grandfather.
+Adams's paternal grandmother, [[Abigail Adams]], was unhappy with the decision of her son to name the child after [[George Washington]] and not after her husband. She thought the decision "ill judged" and "wrong," adding that John Adams also seemed offended.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/99-03-02-0990 |title=From Abigail Smith Adams to Thomas Boylston Adams, 12 July 1801 |publisher=Adams Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society |access-date=January 2, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224234657/https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/99-03-02-0990 |archive-date=December 24, 2019 |url-status=live}}[This is an Early Access document from The Adams Papers. It is not an authoritative final version.]</ref> John Quincy Adams's second son [[John Adams II]] (1803–1834) was named after his grandfather.
-Adams graduated from [[Harvard University]] in the Class of 1821 and studied law. After briefly practicing as an attorney, he ran for state office. He was elected to the [[Massachusetts House of Representatives]] in 1826 and served one year. In 1828, Adams served on the [[Boston City Council]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.masshist.org/adams/biographies#GWA|title=Massachusetts Historical Society: Adams Biographical Sketches|website=www.masshist.org}}</ref> He delivered an Independence Day speech, "An Oration delivered at Quincy, on the Fifth of July, 1824", which was later published as a pamphlet.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wallbuilders.com/libissuesarticles.asp?id=159420 |title=Oration-July 5, 1824-Quincy, Massachusetts |access-date=March 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315004326/http://wallbuilders.com/LIBissuesArticles.asp?id=159420 |archive-date=March 15, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
+Adams graduated from [[Harvard University]] in the Class of 1821 and studied law. After briefly practicing as an attorney, he ran for state office. He was elected to the [[Massachusetts House of Representatives]] in 1826 and served one year. In 1828, Adams served on the [[Boston Common Council]], being elected from ward 7.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.masshist.org/adams/biographies#GWA|title=Massachusetts Historical Society: Adams Biographical Sketches|website=www.masshist.org}}</ref> He delivered an Independence Day speech, "An Oration delivered at Quincy, on the Fifth of July, 1824", which was later published as a pamphlet.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wallbuilders.com/libissuesarticles.asp?id=159420 |title=Oration-July 5, 1824-Quincy, Massachusetts |access-date=March 12, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315004326/http://wallbuilders.com/LIBissuesArticles.asp?id=159420 |archive-date=March 15, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-Adams disappeared on April 30, 1829, while on board the steamship ''Benjamin Franklin'' in [[Long Island Sound]] during passage from Boston to Washington, D.C. He was last seen at about 2 A.M., and his hat and cloak were found on deck, leading to the conclusion that he had intentionally jumped.<ref>{{cite book |last=Whittemore |first=Henry |date=1893 |title=The Past and the Present of Steam Navigation on Long Island Sound |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LIZAAAAYAAJ&q=%22george+washington+adams%22+hat+cloak+deck&pg=PA42 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Providence and Stonington Steamship Company |page=42}}</ref> His body washed ashore on June 10.<ref name="Shepherd" /><ref>{{cite news |date=June 11, 1829 |title=We learn from Mr. Ferris, one of the Hurl Gate pilots, that the body of the late G. W. Adams, son of the late president Adams, was found yesterday afternoon on City Island, directly in front of his door. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/40897763/ |newspaper=New York Evening Post |location=New York, NY |page=2 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> An alcoholic,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.masshist.org/adams/biographies|title=Massachusetts Historical Society: Adams Biographical Sketches|website=www.masshist.org}}</ref> Adams had left notes hinting that he intended to kill himself;<ref>{{cite book |last=Levy |first=Debbie |date=2005 |title=John Quincy Adams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UbqcmD7ZLMQC&q=%22george+washington+adams%22+suicide+%22long+island+sound%22&pg=PA91 |location=Minneapolis, MN |publisher=Lerner Publications |page=91 |isbn=978-0-8225-0825-0}}</ref> he had appeared to be delusional while on the ship, asking the captain to return to shore and declaring that the other passengers were conspiring against him.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XY8tqSoQiIoC&pg=PA127 | title=John Quincy Adams: Yankee Nationalist | publisher=Nova Science Publishers | author=Teed, Paul | year=2006 | pages=127–128| isbn=9781594547973 }}</ref> The consensus in news accounts of the time and among historians subsequently is that he committed suicide, by drowning after he jumped from the ''Benjamin Franklin''.<ref name="Shepherd">Shepherd, Jack, ''Cannibals of the Heart: A Personal Biography of Louisa Catherine and John Quincy Adams'', New York, McGraw-Hill 1980</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sellers |first1=Charles |last2=Sellers |first2=Charles Grier |date=1991 |title=The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ru0RDAAAQBAJ&q=%22george+washington+adams%22+suicide+%22long+island+sound%22&pg=PA95 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=95 |isbn=978-0-19-503889-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Niles |first=Hezekiah |date=May 9, 1829 |title=Miscellaneous: Domestic Items; George Washington Adams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nE88AAAAIAAJ&q=%22george+washington+adams%22+suicide+%22benjamin+franklin%22&pg=PA164 |newspaper=Niles' Weekly Register |location=Baltimore, MD |page=164}}</ref>
+Adams disappeared on April 30, 1829, while on board the steamship ''Benjamin Franklin'' in [[Long Island Sound]] during passage from Boston to Washington, D.C. He was last seen at about 2 A.M., and his hat and cloak were found on deck, leading to the conclusion that he had intentionally jumped.<ref>{{cite book |last=Whittemore |first=Henry |date=1893 |title=The Past and the Present of Steam Navigation on Long Island Sound |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LIZAAAAYAAJ&q=%22george+washington+adams%22+hat+cloak+deck&pg=PA42 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Providence and Stonington Steamship Company |page=42}}</ref> His body washed ashore on June 10.<ref name="Shepherd" /><ref>{{cite news |date=June 11, 1829 |title=We learn from Mr. Ferris, one of the Hurl Gate pilots, that the body of the late G. W. Adams, son of the late president Adams, was found yesterday afternoon on City Island, directly in front of his door. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/40897763/ |newspaper=New York Evening Post |location=New York, NY |page=2 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> An alcoholic,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.masshist.org/adams/biographies|title=Massachusetts Historical Society: Adams Biographical Sketches|website=www.masshist.org}}</ref> Adams had left notes hinting that he intended to kill himself;<ref>{{cite book |last=Levy |first=Debbie |date=2005 |title=John Quincy Adams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UbqcmD7ZLMQC&q=%22george+washington+adams%22+suicide+%22long+island+sound%22&pg=PA91 |location=Minneapolis, MN |publisher=Lerner Publications |page=91 |isbn=978-0-8225-0825-0}}</ref> he had appeared to be delusional while on the ship, asking the captain to return to shore and declaring that the other passengers were conspiring against him.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XY8tqSoQiIoC&pg=PA127 | title=John Quincy Adams: Yankee Nationalist | publisher=Nova Science Publishers | author=Teed, Paul | year=2006 | pages=127–128| isbn=9781594547973 }}</ref> The consensus in news accounts of the time and among historians subsequently is that he died by suicide by drowning after he jumped from the ''Benjamin Franklin''.<ref name="Shepherd">Shepherd, Jack, ''Cannibals of the Heart: A Personal Biography of Louisa Catherine and John Quincy Adams'', New York, McGraw-Hill 1980</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sellers |first1=Charles |last2=Sellers |first2=Charles Grier |date=1991 |title=The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ru0RDAAAQBAJ&q=%22george+washington+adams%22+suicide+%22long+island+sound%22&pg=PA95 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=95 |isbn=978-0-19-503889-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Niles |first=Hezekiah |date=May 9, 1829 |title=Miscellaneous: Domestic Items; George Washington Adams |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nE88AAAAIAAJ&q=%22george+washington+adams%22+suicide+%22benjamin+franklin%22&pg=PA164 |newspaper=Niles' Weekly Register |location=Baltimore, MD |page=164}}</ref>
 == Family ==
-Adams and his brothers [[Charles Francis Adams I|Charles]] and [[John Adams II |John]] were all rivals for the same woman, their cousin Mary Catherine Hellen, who lived with the John Quincy Adams family after the death of her parents.  In 1828, John Adams II married Mary Hellen at a ceremony in the [[White House]], and both his brothers refused to attend.<ref>Paul C. Nagel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Lh48WrJPWVsC&pg=PA305&dq=%22john+adams%22+mary+hellen&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WourUNLYJYPJ0QHe-4GoAQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22john%20adams%22%20mary%20hellen&f=false The Adams Women: Abigail and Louisa Adams, Their Sisters and Daughters], 1999, pages 236 to 238</ref>
+Adams and his brothers [[Charles Francis Adams I|Charles]] and [[John Adams II|John]] were all rivals for the same woman, their cousin Mary Catherine Hellen, who lived with the John Quincy Adams family after the death of her parents.  In 1828, John Adams II married Mary Hellen at a ceremony in the [[White House]], and both his brothers refused to attend.<ref>Paul C. Nagel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Lh48WrJPWVsC&dq=%22john+adams%22+mary+hellen&pg=PA305 The Adams Women: Abigail and Louisa Adams, Their Sisters and Daughters], 1999, pages 236 to 238</ref>
-Adams fathered an out-of-wedlock child<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/first-children-who-led-sad-lives-180958099/|title=The First Children Who Led Sad Lives|first=Joshua|last=Kendall|website=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> with a mistress, Eliza Dolph.<ref name="auto"/> Dolph was the chambermaid to Dr. Thomas Welsh, the Adams family's Boston doctor. She had a child in December 1828 and was moved to another location so Adams could visit her and the baby in secrecy.<ref>Excerpt from ''Report of a Trial:  Miles Farmer, vs Dr. David Humphreys Storer'', April 1830</ref> The child never had a recorded first name and a letter mentions "Eliza Dolph has gained her health and lost her child," suggesting the child died in infancy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of a trial: Miles Farmer, versus Dr. David Humphreys Storer ; commenced in the Court of common pleas, April term, 1830, from which it was appealed to the Supreme judicial court, and by consent of parties, referred to referees, relative to the transactions between Miss Eliza Dolph and George Washington Adams |url=https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/studies-in-scarlet/catalog/41-990040543990203941 |access-date=2022-07-08 |website=Studies in Scarlet - CURIOSity Digital Collections |language=en}}</ref>
+Adams fathered an out-of-wedlock child<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/first-children-who-led-sad-lives-180958099/|title=The First Children Who Led Sad Lives|first=Joshua|last=Kendall|website=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref> with a mistress, Eliza Dolph.<ref name="auto"/> Dolph was the chambermaid to Dr. Thomas Welsh, the Adams family's Boston doctor. She had a child in December 1828 and was moved to another location so Adams could visit her and the baby in secrecy.<ref>Excerpt from ''Report of a Trial:  Miles Farmer, vs Dr. David Humphreys Storer'', April 1830</ref> The child never had a recorded first name and a letter mentions "Eliza Dolph has gained her health and lost her child," suggesting the child died in infancy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report of a trial: Miles Farmer, versus Dr. David Humphreys Storer; commenced in the Court of common pleas, April term, 1830, from which it was appealed to the Supreme judicial court, and by consent of parties, referred to referees, relative to the transactions between Miss Eliza Dolph and George Washington Adams |url=https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/studies-in-scarlet/catalog/41-990040543990203941 |access-date=2022-07-08 |website=Studies in Scarlet - CURIOSity Digital Collections |language=en}}</ref>
 == Family tree ==
@@ Line 52: / Line 58: @@
 {{Authority control}}
+== External links ==
+{{commons category|George Washington Adams}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Adams, George Washington}}
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v t e John Quincy Adams
U.S. Representative for MA–8 (1843–1848) U.S. Representative for MA–12 (1833–1843) U.S. Representative for MA–11 (1831–1833) 6th President of the United States (1825–1829) 8th United States Secretary of State (1817–1825) U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom (1814–1817) U.S. Minister to Russia (1809–1814) U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1803–1808) U.S. Minister to Prussia (1797–1801) U.S. Minister to the Netherlands (1794–1797)
Presidency	Inauguration American System Internal improvements Tariff of 1828 First Treaty of Prairie du Chien Treaty of Fond du Lac Treaty of Limits United States Naval Observatory State of the Union Address, 1825 1827 1828 Federal judiciary appointments
Other events	Monroe Doctrine, author Treaty of Ghent Adams–Onís Treaty Treaty of 1818 Tariff of 1832 Smithsonian Institution United States v. The Amistad Mendi Bible President, American Academy of Arts and Sciences President, Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences
Writings	Lifelong diary Massachusetts Historical Society holdings Adams Papers Editorial Project
Life and homes	Early life Abigail Adams Cairn John Quincy Adams and abolitionism Adams National Historical Park Birthplace and family home Peacefield Stone Library United First Parish Church and gravesite
Electoral history	Senate 1803 1808 Presidential runs 1824 Corrupt Bargain 1828
Legacy	Bibliography Adams Memorial Adams House at Harvard University U.S. Postage stamps Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar Mount Quincy Adams USS President Adams (1941) USS John Adams (1963) Oyster-Adams Bilingual School
Popular culture	Profiles in Courage (1957 book) 1965 television series) The Adams Chronicles (1976 miniseries) Mutiny on the Amistad (1987 book) Amistad (1997 film) John Adams (2001 book 2008 miniseries)
Adams political family Quincy family	Louisa Adams (wife) George Washington Adams (son) Charles Francis Adams Sr. (son) John Adams II (son) Henry Adams (grandson) Brooks Adams (grandson) John Quincy Adams II (grandson) John Adams father presidency Abigail Adams mother First Lady Quincy political family Abigail Adams Smith (sister) Charles Adams (brother) Thomas Boylston Adams (brother) John Adams Sr. (grandfather) Susanna Boylston (grandmother) John Quincy (great-grandfather)
Related	National Republican Party Republicanism Quincy Patriot John Quincy Adams (Bingham)
← James Monroe Andrew Jackson → Category

v t e John Adams
2nd President of the United States (1797–1801) 1st Vice President of the United States (1789–1797) U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom (1785–1788) U.S. Minister to the Netherlands (1782–1788) Delegate to the Second Continental Congress (1775–1778) Delegate to the First Continental Congress (1774)
Founding of the United States	Braintree Instructions (1765) Boston Massacre defense Continental Association Petition to the King United Colonies Thoughts on Government (1776) Lee Resolution (seconded) Declaration of Independence May 15 preamble Committee of Five Model Treaty Treaty of Amity and Commerce Treaty of Alliance Board of War Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775-1779 Continental Navy Staten Island Peace Conference Conference House Constitution of Massachusetts (1780) Treaty of Paris, 1783 Diplomacy
Elections	United States presidential election 1788–1789 1792 1796 1800
Presidency	Inauguration Quasi War with France XYZ Affair United States Department of the Navy Commerce Protection Act United States Marine Corps Convention of 1800 Mississippi Organic Act Alien and Sedition Acts Naturalization Act of 1798 Sick and Disabled Seamen Relief Act Marine Hospital Service Bankruptcy Act of 1800 Indiana Organic Act Slave Trade Act of 1800 District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 Navy Department Library Treaty of Tellico Treaty of Tripoli Midnight Judges Act Marbury v. Madison State of the Union Address (1797 1798 1799 1800) Presidential transition of Thomas Jefferson Cabinet Federal judiciary appointments
Other writings	Massachusetts Historical Society holdings Adams Papers Editorial Project A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams Founders Online Gray v. Pitts
Life and homes	Early life and education Adams National Historical Park John Adams Birthplace Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace Peacefield Stone Library Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University Presidents House, Philadelphia Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences United First Parish Church and gravesite
Legacy	Bibliography List of memorials Adams Memorial (proposed) John Adams Building John Adams Courthouse Jefferson Memorial pediment U.S. Postage stamps Treaty of Paris (1783 painting) USS Adams (1799) USS John Adams (1799) USS Adams (1874) USS President Adams (1941) USS John Adams (1963) Adams House at Harvard University Mount Adams (New Hampshire, Washington) Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
Popular culture	Profiles in Courage (1964 series) American Primitive (1969 play) 1776 (1969 musical 1972 film) The Adams Chronicles (1976 miniseries) Liberty! (1997 documentary series) Liberty's Kids (2002 animated series) John Adams (2001 book 2008 miniseries) John and Abigail Adams (2006 documentary film) Sons of Liberty (2015 miniseries) Franklin (2024 miniseries)
Related	"Adams and Liberty" campaign song Adams' personal library American Enlightenment Congress Hall Federalist Party Federalist Era First Party System republicanism American Philosophical Society Gazette of the United States The American Museum American Revolution patriots Founding Fathers
Adams political family	Abigail Adams wife Quincy political family Abigail Adams Smith (daughter) John Quincy Adams son presidency Charles Adams (son) Thomas Boylston Adams (son) George Washington Adams (grandson) Charles Francis Adams Sr. (grandson) John Adams II (grandson) John Quincy Adams II (great-grandson) Henry Adams (great-grandson) Brooks Adams (great-grandson) John Adams Sr. (father) Susanna Boylston (mother) Samuel Adams (second cousin) Louisa Adams (daughter-in-law, first lady)
← George Washington Thomas Jefferson → Thomas Jefferson → Category

Authority control databases
International	VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	United States