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Buy now, pay later (BNPL) is a type of short-term financing that allows consumers to make purchases and pay for them at a future date.^[1] BNPL is generally structured like an installment plan money lending process that involves consumers, financiers, and merchants. Financiers pay merchants on behalf of the consumers when goods or services are purchased by the latter.^[2] These payments are later repaid by the consumers over time in equal installments. The number of installments and repayment period varies depending on the BNPL financiers.^[3]

History

The earliest form of BNPL traces back to the 19th century, when installment plans emerged as a way for consumers to purchase expensive goods (e.g. furniture, pianos and farm equipment) they did not have the funds to buy outright.^[4] In India, BNPL is considered similar to the country's traditional paper-based Udhar Khata system, where corner shops, known as kiranas locally, kept manually logged credit ledgers to allow their customers to buy provisions on credit and repay them later.^[5]^[6]

In the early 21st century, fintech companies developed systems that allowed installment plan lending to be integrated into the payment flow of online shops, allowing a consumer to receive instant credit at the point of sale and pay for a purchase later, based on an agreed schedule. The integration and instant processing elements are what sets BNPL apart from other approaches to consumer lending.^[7] The COVID-19 pandemic era produced a massive increase in BNPL transactions in the United States, going from $2 billion in 2019 to $24.2 billion in 2021.^[8]

Usage

BNPL has been described as "similar to a credit card but without the hassles of an application process, card-swiping infrastructure, and separate limits for purchases and cash withdrawals".^[5] Retailers that partner with BNPL financiers can offer customers the option to pay for purchases using BNPL. If a customer opts to complete the purchase using BNPL, the financier will typically carry out a soft credit check^{[note 1]} on the customer, and return a decision within seconds. The financier pays the merchant if approval is received, and offers the customer various repayment options. These may include delaying the payment for a short period of time, or spreading the full balance over several smaller payments.^[10]

The service is offered for free to the customer, assuming repayment is made. BNPL financiers take a cut from the purchase price of anything they help the merchant to sell.^[10] This fee tends to be higher than typical credit or debit card transactions, with processing fees ranging from 2% to 8% per transaction, compared to 1.3% to 3.5% for credit cards.^[11]

When consumers fall behind on payments, late fees are typically charged by their financiers, and persistently delinquent accounts may be sold to debt collection agencies.^[12]

In March 2024, NBC News reported that consumers ages 35 and under comprise 53% of “buy now, pay later” users but just 35% of traditional credit card holders.^[13]

Issues and criticisms

Normalising debt

BNPL has been criticised for instilling a false sense of financial security in consumers, which could lead to impulse shopping and they might end up spending money they do not have.^[14] A 2024 Bankrate survey found that among those polled 56% of BNPL users had issues with overspending, missing a payment or regretting purchases.^[15] Influencer marketing of BNPL platforms on social media adds to the attractiveness of using BNPL credit to purchase items, and influencers have been criticised for normalising debt by marketing it as "fun", thereby encouraging overspending.^[16]

Lack of regulatory oversight

Consumers that use BNPL generally are less protected by regulation, as compared to other financing options.^[17] The BNPL industry remains unregulated or self-regulated in many countries.^[14]

Although BNPL payments are usually interest-free, financiers have been noted to report defaults more frequently than successful repayments to credit-rating agencies, potentially putting the credit rating of consumers in jeopardy.^[18]^[19] Checks conducted by financiers on credit bureau scores have also been critiqued for being scant. These checks are cursory, if conducted at all, and mainly evaluate income statements only.^[5]

Notes

^ 'Soft' credit checks do not impact a customer's credit score, in contrast to 'hard' checks which can.^[9]

References

^ "What Is Buy Now, Pay Later?". Investopedia. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
^ "The growing popularity of 'buy now, pay later' in Singapore". KrASIA. 9 May 2022. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
^ "Key Differences Between BNPL and Traditional Lending: Tips for Making the Right Financial Choice - Wheon". 2024-11-01. Retrieved 2024-11-02.
^ Boxell, James (15 September 2021). "How Old-Style Buy Now, Pay Later Became Trendy 'BNPL'". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jain Kaushal, Teena; Adhikari, Anand (7 January 2022). "Are We Headed for a BNPL Trap?". BusinessToday.In. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
^ "Indian millennials are buying now and paying later during uncertain economy". KrASIA. 21 December 2021. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
^ Gerrans, Paul; Baur, Dirk G; Lavagna-Slater, Shane (21 July 2021). "Fintech and responsibility: Buy-now-pay-later arrangements". Australian Journal of Management. 47 (3): 3–4. doi:10.1177/03128962211032448. S2CID 237670221.
^ Paige Sutherland; Meghna Chakrabarti (May 10, 2024). "The unregulated boom in the 'buy now, pay later' market". WBUR.
^ "What Are Inquiries On Your Credit Report?". www.experian.com. Experian. 4 May 2021. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
^ ^a ^b Sheikh, Rahil (13 December 2021). "Buy now pay later: How does it work?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
^ "Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL), Is It Feasible?". Penser. 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
^ Espiner, Tom (2 September 2021). "Buy Now Pay Later: 'I'm stressed over debt'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
^ "'Buy now, pay later' goes from niche to normal as young people use it for daily essentials". NBC News. 2024-03-10. Retrieved 2024-03-10.
^ ^a ^b "'Buy now, pay later' is taking off in Indonesia, but risks are high". KrASIA. 27 September 2021. Archived from the original on 11 October 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
^ Rivera, Heidi (11 April 2024). "Survey: 56% of buy now, pay later users have experienced issues like overspending and missing payments". Yahoo Finance.
^ de Gallier, Thea; Day, Harvey; Price, Hannah (10 February 2021). "Influencer: 'Why I stopped working with Klarna'". BBC Three. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
^ Paul, Trina (9 October 2021). "What consumer protections do you have with 'Buy Now, Pay Later' services? Here's what you need to know". CNBC. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
^ Geron, Tomio (4 October 2021). "Invest now, win later: Inside the 'buy now, pay later' gold rush". Protocol. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
^ Akeredolu, Nelson; Braden, rew; Friedman, Joshua; Udis, Laura (6 July 2021). "Should you buy now and pay later?". Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.

[10] 'Soft' credit checks do not impact a customer's credit score, in contrast to 'hard' checks which can.^[9]

[1] "What Is Buy Now, Pay Later?". Investopedia. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.

[2] "The growing popularity of 'buy now, pay later' in Singapore". KrASIA. 9 May 2022. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.

[3] "Key Differences Between BNPL and Traditional Lending: Tips for Making the Right Financial Choice - Wheon". 2024-11-01. Retrieved 2024-11-02.

[bloomberghist-4] Boxell, James (15 September 2021). "How Old-Style Buy Now, Pay Later Became Trendy 'BNPL'". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.

[:0-5] Jain Kaushal, Teena; Adhikari, Anand (7 January 2022). "Are We Headed for a BNPL Trap?". BusinessToday.In. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.

[6] "Indian millennials are buying now and paying later during uncertain economy". KrASIA. 21 December 2021. Archived from the original on 14 March 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.

[AJM34-7] Gerrans, Paul; Baur, Dirk G; Lavagna-Slater, Shane (21 July 2021). "Fintech and responsibility: Buy-now-pay-later arrangements". Australian Journal of Management. 47 (3): 3–4. doi:10.1177/03128962211032448. S2CID 237670221.

[8] Paige Sutherland; Meghna Chakrabarti (May 10, 2024). "The unregulated boom in the 'buy now, pay later' market". WBUR.

[expsoftcheck-9] "What Are Inquiries On Your Credit Report?". www.experian.com. Experian. 4 May 2021. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.

[bbcexplainer-11] Sheikh, Rahil (13 December 2021). "Buy now pay later: How does it work?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.

[12] "Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL), Is It Feasible?". Penser. 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.

[bbcstressed-13] Espiner, Tom (2 September 2021). "Buy Now Pay Later: 'I'm stressed over debt'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.

[14] "'Buy now, pay later' goes from niche to normal as young people use it for daily essentials". NBC News. 2024-03-10. Retrieved 2024-03-10.

[:1-15] "'Buy now, pay later' is taking off in Indonesia, but risks are high". KrASIA. 27 September 2021. Archived from the original on 11 October 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2022.

[16] Rivera, Heidi (11 April 2024). "Survey: 56% of buy now, pay later users have experienced issues like overspending and missing payments". Yahoo Finance.

[bbc3-17] Gallier, Thea; Day, Harvey; Price, Hannah (10 February 2021). "Influencer: 'Why I stopped working with Klarna'". BBC Three. Archived from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2021.

[18] Paul, Trina (9 October 2021). "What consumer protections do you have with 'Buy Now, Pay Later' services? Here's what you need to know". CNBC. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.

[19] Geron, Tomio (4 October 2021). "Invest now, win later: Inside the 'buy now, pay later' gold rush". Protocol. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.

[20] Akeredolu, Nelson; Braden, rew; Friedman, Joshua; Udis, Laura (6 July 2021). "Should you buy now and pay later?". Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.

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 {{Short description|Consumer lending approach}}
-'''Buy now, pay later (BNPL)''' is a type of short-term financing that allows consumers to make purchases and pay for them at a future date.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Buy Now, Pay Later? |url=https://www.investopedia.com/buy-now-pay-later-5182291 |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Investopedia |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527044302/https://www.investopedia.com/buy-now-pay-later-5182291 |url-status=live }}</ref> BNPL is generally structured like an [[installment plan|instalment plan]] money [[Loan|lending]] process that involves consumers, financiers, and merchants. Financiers pay merchants on behalf of the consumers when goods or services are purchased by the latter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=The growing popularity of ‘buy now, pay later’ in Singapore |url=https://kr-asia.com/the-growing-popularity-of-buy-now-pay-later-in-singapore |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=KrASIA |language=en |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520003217/https://kr-asia.com/the-growing-popularity-of-buy-now-pay-later-in-singapore |url-status=live }}</ref> These payments are later repaid by the consumers over time in equal instalments. The number of instalments and repayment period varies depending on the BNPL financiers.
+'''Buy now, pay later''' ('''BNPL''') is a type of short-term financing that allows consumers to make purchases and pay for them at a future date.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is Buy Now, Pay Later? |url=https://www.investopedia.com/buy-now-pay-later-5182291 |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=Investopedia |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527044302/https://www.investopedia.com/buy-now-pay-later-5182291 |url-status=live }}</ref> BNPL is generally structured like an [[installment plan]] money [[Loan|lending]] process that involves consumers, financiers, and merchants. Financiers pay merchants on behalf of the consumers when goods or services are purchased by the latter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=The growing popularity of 'buy now, pay later' in Singapore |url=https://kr-asia.com/the-growing-popularity-of-buy-now-pay-later-in-singapore |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=KrASIA |language=en |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520003217/https://kr-asia.com/the-growing-popularity-of-buy-now-pay-later-in-singapore |url-status=live }}</ref> These payments are later repaid by the consumers over time in equal installments. The number of installments and repayment period varies depending on the BNPL financiers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-01 |title=Key Differences Between BNPL and Traditional Lending: Tips for Making the Right Financial Choice - Wheon |url=https://wheon.com/key-differences-between-bnpl-and-traditional-lending-tips-for-making-the-right-financial-choice/ |access-date=2024-11-02 |language=en-US}}</ref>
 ==History==
-The earliest form of BNPL traces back to the 19th century, when instalment plans emerged as a way for consumers to purchase expensive goods (e.g. furniture, pianos and farm equipment) they did not have the funds to buy outright.<ref name="bloomberghist">{{cite web |last1=Boxell |first1=James |title=How Old-Style Buy Now, Pay Later Became Trendy ‘BNPL’ |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-15/how-old-style-buy-now-pay-later-became-trendy-bnpl-quicktake |url-access=limited |access-date=13 December 2021 |website=www.bloomberg.com |archive-date=13 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213162909/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-15/how-old-style-buy-now-pay-later-became-trendy-bnpl-quicktake |url-status=live }}</ref> In India, BNPL is considered similar to the country's traditional paper-based Udhar Khata system, where corner shops, known as [[Kirana store|kiranas]] locally, kept manually logged credit ledgers to allow their customers to buy provisions on credit and repay them later.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Jain Kaushal |first=Teena |last2=Adhikari |first2=Anand |date=7 January 2022 |title=Are We Headed for a BNPL Trap? |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/the-bnpl-mania-84-07-01-2022 |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=BusinessToday.In |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529113023/https://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/the-bnpl-mania-84-07-01-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2021 |title=Indian millennials are buying now and paying later during uncertain economy |url=https://kr-asia.com/indian-millennials-are-buying-now-and-paying-later-during-uncertain-economy |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=KrASIA |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314064828/https://kr-asia.com/indian-millennials-are-buying-now-and-paying-later-during-uncertain-economy |url-status=live }}</ref>
+The earliest form of BNPL traces back to the 19th century, when installment plans emerged as a way for consumers to purchase expensive goods (e.g. furniture, pianos and farm equipment) they did not have the funds to buy outright.<ref name="bloomberghist">{{cite news |last1=Boxell |first1=James |title=How Old-Style Buy Now, Pay Later Became Trendy 'BNPL' |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-15/how-old-style-buy-now-pay-later-became-trendy-bnpl-quicktake |url-access=limited |access-date=13 December 2021 |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=15 September 2021 |archive-date=13 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213162909/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-15/how-old-style-buy-now-pay-later-became-trendy-bnpl-quicktake |url-status=live }}</ref> In India, BNPL is considered similar to the country's traditional paper-based Udhar Khata system, where corner shops, known as [[Kirana store|kiranas]] locally, kept manually logged credit [[ledger]]s to allow their customers to buy provisions on credit and repay them later.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last1=Jain Kaushal |first1=Teena |last2=Adhikari |first2=Anand |date=7 January 2022 |title=Are We Headed for a BNPL Trap? |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/the-bnpl-mania-84-07-01-2022 |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=BusinessToday.In |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529113023/https://www.businesstoday.in/interactive/longread/the-bnpl-mania-84-07-01-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2021 |title=Indian millennials are buying now and paying later during uncertain economy |url=https://kr-asia.com/indian-millennials-are-buying-now-and-paying-later-during-uncertain-economy |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=KrASIA |language=en |archive-date=14 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314064828/https://kr-asia.com/indian-millennials-are-buying-now-and-paying-later-during-uncertain-economy |url-status=live }}</ref>
-In the early 21st century, [[fintech]] companies developed systems that allowed instalment plan lending to be integrated into the payment flow of [[online shop]]s, allowing a consumer to receive instant credit at the point of sale and pay for a purchase later, based on an agreed schedule. The integration and instant processing elements are what sets BNPL apart from other approaches to consumer lending.<ref name="AJM34">{{cite journal |last1=Gerrans |first1=Paul |last2=Baur |first2=Dirk G |last3=Lavagna-Slater |first3=Shane |title=Fintech and responsibility: Buy-now-pay-later arrangements |journal=Australian Journal of Management |date=21 July 2021 |pages=3–4 |doi=10.1177/03128962211032448}}</ref>
+In the early 21st century, [[fintech]] companies developed systems that allowed installment plan lending to be integrated into the payment flow of [[online shop]]s, allowing a consumer to receive instant credit at the [[point of sale]] and pay for a purchase later, based on an agreed schedule. The integration and instant processing elements are what sets BNPL apart from other approaches to consumer lending.<ref name="AJM34">{{cite journal |last1=Gerrans |first1=Paul |last2=Baur |first2=Dirk G |last3=Lavagna-Slater |first3=Shane |title=Fintech and responsibility: Buy-now-pay-later arrangements |journal=Australian Journal of Management |date=21 July 2021 |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=3–4 |doi=10.1177/03128962211032448|s2cid=237670221 }}</ref> The [[COVID-19 pandemic]] era produced a massive increase in BNPL transactions in the United States, going from $2 billion in 2019 to $24.2 billion in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2024/05/10/unregulated-boom-afterpay-buy-now-pay-later-market |title=The unregulated boom in the 'buy now, pay later' market |date=May 10, 2024 |author1=Paige Sutherland |author2=Meghna Chakrabarti |publisher=[[WBUR]]}}</ref>
 ==Usage==
-BNPL has been described as "similar to a credit card but without the hassles of an application process, card-swiping infrastructure, and separate limits for purchases and cash withdrawals".<ref name=":0" /> Retailers that partner with BNPL financiers can offer customers the option to pay for purchases using BNPL. If a customer opts to complete the purchase using BNPL, the financier will typically carry out a soft [[credit check]]{{refn|group=note|'Soft' credit checks do not impact a customer's credit score, in contrast to 'hard' checks which can.<ref name="expsoftcheck">{{cite web |title=What Are Inquiries On Your Credit Report? |url=https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/credit-education/report-basics/hard-vs-soft-inquiries-on-your-credit-report/ |website=www.experian.com |publisher=Experian |access-date=13 December 2021 |date=4 May 2021 |archive-date=13 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213175438/https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/credit-education/report-basics/hard-vs-soft-inquiries-on-your-credit-report/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} on the customer, and return a decision within seconds. The financier pays the merchant if approval is received, and offers the customer various repayment options. These may include delaying the payment for a short period of time, or spreading the full balance over several smaller payments.<ref name="bbcexplainer">{{cite web |last1=Sheikh |first1=Rahil |title=Buy now pay later: How does it work? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/explainers-59582188 |website=BBC News |access-date=13 December 2021 |date=13 December 2021 |archive-date=13 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213102832/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/explainers-59582188 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+BNPL has been described as "similar to a credit card but without the hassles of an application process, card-swiping infrastructure, and separate limits for purchases and cash withdrawals".<ref name=":0" /> Retailers that partner with BNPL financiers can offer customers the option to pay for purchases using BNPL. If a customer opts to complete the purchase using BNPL, the financier will typically carry out a soft [[credit check]]{{refn|group=note|'Soft' credit checks do not impact a customer's credit score, in contrast to 'hard' checks which can.<ref name="expsoftcheck">{{cite web |title=What Are Inquiries On Your Credit Report? |url=https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/credit-education/report-basics/hard-vs-soft-inquiries-on-your-credit-report/ |website=www.experian.com |publisher=Experian |access-date=13 December 2021 |date=4 May 2021 |archive-date=13 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213175438/https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/credit-education/report-basics/hard-vs-soft-inquiries-on-your-credit-report/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} on the customer, and return a decision within seconds. The financier pays the [[merchant]] if approval is received, and offers the customer various repayment options. These may include delaying the payment for a short period of time, or spreading the full balance over several smaller payments.<ref name="bbcexplainer">{{cite web |last1=Sheikh |first1=Rahil |title=Buy now pay later: How does it work? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/explainers-59582188 |website=BBC News |access-date=13 December 2021 |date=13 December 2021 |archive-date=13 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213102832/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/explainers-59582188 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 The service is offered for free to the customer, assuming repayment is made. BNPL financiers take a cut from the purchase price of anything they help the merchant to sell.<ref name="bbcexplainer" /> This fee tends to be higher than typical credit or debit card transactions, with processing fees ranging from 2% to 8% per transaction, compared to 1.3% to 3.5% for credit cards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2021 |title=Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL), Is It Feasible? |url=https://www.penser.co.uk/digital_payments/buy-now-pay-later-bnpl/ |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=Penser |language=en-US |archive-date=20 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320135121/https://www.penser.co.uk/digital_payments/buy-now-pay-later-bnpl/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 When consumers fall behind on payments, [[late fees]] are typically charged by their financiers, and persistently delinquent accounts may be sold to [[debt collection agencies]].<ref name="bbcstressed">{{cite web |last1=Espiner |first1=Tom |title=Buy Now Pay Later: 'I'm stressed over debt' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-58423924 |website=BBC News |access-date=13 December 2021 |date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=13 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213175445/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-58423924 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+In March 2024, [[NBC News]] reported that consumers ages 35 and under comprise 53% of “buy now, pay later” users but just 35% of traditional credit card holders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-10 |title='Buy now, pay later' goes from niche to normal as young people use it for daily essentials |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/personal-finance/buy-now-pay-later-daily-essentials-groceries-young-adults-rcna141718 |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref>
 ==Issues and criticisms==
 ===Normalising debt===
-BNPL has been criticised for instilling a false sense of financial security in consumers, which could lead to impulse shopping and they might end up spending money they do not have.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2021 |title='Buy now, pay later' is taking off in Indonesia, but risks are high |url=https://kr-asia.com/buy-now-pay-later-is-taking-off-in-indonesia-but-risks-are-high |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=KrASIA |language=en |archive-date=11 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011040321/https://kr-asia.com/buy-now-pay-later-is-taking-off-in-indonesia-but-risks-are-high |url-status=live }}</ref> Influencer marketing of BNPL platforms on social media adds to the attractiveness of using BNPL credit to purchase items, and [[influencers]] have been criticised for normalising debt by marketing it as "fun", thereby encouraging overspending.<ref name="bbc3">{{cite web |last1=de Gallier |first1=Thea |last2=Day |first2=Harvey |last3=Price |first3=Hannah |title=Influencer: 'Why I stopped working with Klarna' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/3df91ac4-9098-46e9-b619-fae016bce3fb |website=BBC Three |access-date=14 December 2021 |date=10 February 2021 |archive-date=14 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214163629/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/3df91ac4-9098-46e9-b619-fae016bce3fb |url-status=live }}</ref>
+BNPL has been criticised for instilling a false sense of financial security in consumers, which could lead to [[impulse shopping]] and they might end up spending money they do not have.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2021 |title='Buy now, pay later' is taking off in Indonesia, but risks are high |url=https://kr-asia.com/buy-now-pay-later-is-taking-off-in-indonesia-but-risks-are-high |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=KrASIA |language=en |archive-date=11 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011040321/https://kr-asia.com/buy-now-pay-later-is-taking-off-in-indonesia-but-risks-are-high |url-status=live }}</ref> A 2024 [[Bankrate]] survey found that among those polled 56% of BNPL users had issues with overspending, missing a payment or regretting purchases.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rivera |first1=Heidi |title=Survey: 56% of buy now, pay later users have experienced issues like overspending and missing payments |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/survey-56-buy-now-pay-040104729.html |work=[[Yahoo Finance]] |date=11 April 2024}}</ref> [[Influencer marketing]] of BNPL platforms on social media adds to the attractiveness of using BNPL credit to purchase items, and [[influencers]] have been criticised for normalising debt by marketing it as "fun", thereby encouraging overspending.<ref name="bbc3">{{cite web |last1=de Gallier |first1=Thea |last2=Day |first2=Harvey |last3=Price |first3=Hannah |title=Influencer: 'Why I stopped working with Klarna' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/3df91ac4-9098-46e9-b619-fae016bce3fb |website=BBC Three |access-date=14 December 2021 |date=10 February 2021 |archive-date=14 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214163629/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/3df91ac4-9098-46e9-b619-fae016bce3fb |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ===Lack of regulatory oversight===
-Consumers that use BNPL generally are less protected by regulation, as compared to other financing options.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Trina |date=9 October 2021 |title=What consumer protections do you have with 'Buy Now, Pay Later' services? Here's what you need to know |url=https://www.cnbc.com/select/consumer-protections-buy-now-pay-later-what-to-know/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=CNBC |language=en |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201154545/https://www.cnbc.com/select/consumer-protections-buy-now-pay-later-what-to-know/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The BNPL industry remains unregulated or self-regulated in many countries.<ref name=":1" /> An example of the latter is Australia, where a voluntary [https://afia.asn.au/AFIA-Buy-Now-Pay-Later-Code-of-Practice BNPL Code of Practice] was introduced in March 2021.<ref name="Derwin">{{cite web |last=Derwin |first=Jack |date=3 March 2021 |title='Regulation is not enough': Afterpay defends the buy now, pay later industry code of conduct, as consumer advocates slam it as toothless |url=https://www.thechainsaw.com/afterpay-code-of-conduct-2021-3 |publisher=Business Insider Australia |access-date=13 April 2022 |archive-date=10 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610051558/https://www.thechainsaw.com/afterpay-code-of-conduct-2021-3 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+Consumers that use BNPL generally are less protected by regulation, as compared to other financing options.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul |first=Trina |date=9 October 2021 |title=What consumer protections do you have with 'Buy Now, Pay Later' services? Here's what you need to know |url=https://www.cnbc.com/select/consumer-protections-buy-now-pay-later-what-to-know/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=CNBC |language=en |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201154545/https://www.cnbc.com/select/consumer-protections-buy-now-pay-later-what-to-know/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The BNPL industry remains unregulated or self-regulated in many countries.<ref name=":1" />
-Although BNPL payments are usually interest-free, financiers have been noted to report defaults more frequently than successful repayments to credit-reporting agencies, potentially putting the [[credit rating]] of consumers in jeopardy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Geron |first=Tomio |date=4 October 2021 |title=Invest now, win later: Inside the ‘buy now, pay later’ gold rush |url=https://www.protocol.com/manuals/buy-now-pay-later/bnpl-affirm-klarna-afterpay |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=Protocol |language=en |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201153612/https://www.protocol.com/manuals/buy-now-pay-later/bnpl-affirm-klarna-afterpay |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Akeredolu |first=Nelson |last2=Braden |first2=rew |last3=Friedman |first3=Joshua |last4=Udis |first4=Laura |date=6 July 2021 |title=Should you buy now and pay later? |url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/blog/should-you-buy-now-and-pay-later/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau |language=en |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201151014/https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/blog/should-you-buy-now-and-pay-later/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Checks conducted by financiers on credit bureau scores have also been critiqued for being scant. These checks are cursory, if conducted at all, and mainly evaluate income statements only.<ref name=":0" />
+Although BNPL payments are usually [[interest]]-free, financiers have been noted to report defaults more frequently than successful repayments to [[credit rating agency|credit-rating agencies]], potentially putting the [[credit rating]] of consumers in jeopardy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Geron |first=Tomio |date=4 October 2021 |title=Invest now, win later: Inside the 'buy now, pay later' gold rush |url=https://www.protocol.com/manuals/buy-now-pay-later/bnpl-affirm-klarna-afterpay |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=Protocol |language=en |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201153612/https://www.protocol.com/manuals/buy-now-pay-later/bnpl-affirm-klarna-afterpay |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Akeredolu |first1=Nelson |last2=Braden |first2=rew |last3=Friedman |first3=Joshua |last4=Udis |first4=Laura |date=6 July 2021 |title=Should you buy now and pay later? |url=https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/blog/should-you-buy-now-and-pay-later/ |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=Consumer Financial Protection Bureau |language=en |archive-date=1 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201151014/https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/blog/should-you-buy-now-and-pay-later/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Checks conducted by financiers on credit bureau scores have also been critiqued for being scant. These checks are cursory, if conducted at all, and mainly evaluate income statements only.<ref name=":0" />
-== Further Reading ==
+== See also ==
+* [[Layaway]]
-Report: The costs of using Buy Now Pay Later products by Dvara [https://www.dvara.com/research/blog/2022/07/07/report-the-costs-of-using-buy-now-pay-later-bnpl-products/ Research]<ref>{{Cite news |title=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/money-and-banking/bnpl-products-do-not-have-enough-consumer-protection-measures-dvara-research/article65615569.ece}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=https://www.moneylife.in/article/buy-now-pay-later-products-lack-consumer-protection-safeguards-can-impose-high-monetary-costs-report/67697.html}}</ref>
+* [[Debt]]
+* [[Credit]]
 == Notes ==
@@ Line 34: / Line 38: @@
 [[Category:Contract law]]
+[[Category:Debt| ]]
+[[Category:Credit]]
+[[Category:Personal financial problems]]
 [[Category:Sales]]
 [[Category:Online payments]]
-{{Finance}}