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{{Short description|English-born American historian (1936–2021)}}
{{Short description|English-born American historian (1936–2021)}}
{{distinguish|Jonathan Spencer}}
{{distinguish|Jonathan Spencer}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{use British English|date=May 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|CMG|size=100%}}
| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|CMG|size=100%}}
|image =
| image =
|caption =
| caption =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1936|8|11|df=yes}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1936|8|11|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Surrey]], England
| birth_place = [[Surrey]], England
|death_date = {{death date and age|2021|12|25|1936|8|11|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2021|12|25|1936|8|11|df=yes}}
|death_place = [[West Haven, Connecticut]], U.S.
| death_place = [[West Haven, Connecticut]], U.S.
|nationality = American
| nationality = British and American
|fields = [[Chinese history]]
| fields = [[Chinese history]]
|workplaces = [[Yale University]]
| workplaces = [[Yale University]]
|education = [[Clare College, Cambridge]] ([[Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)|MA]])<br /> [[Yale University]] ([[PhD]])
| education = {{no wrap|[[Clare College, Cambridge]]}} ([[Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)|MA]])<br /> [[Yale University]] ([[PhD]])
|doctoral_advisor = [[Mary C. Wright]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[Mary C. Wright]]
|academic_advisors = [[Fang Chao-ying]] ({{lang|zh|房兆楹}})<ref>Jonathan D. Spence, ''Ts'ao Yin and the K'ang-Hsi Emperor: Bondservant and Master''(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), p. xv. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rXiSxh1oGe0C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=Fang%20Chao-ying&f=false]</ref>
| academic_advisors = [[Fang Chao-ying]] ({{lang|zh|房兆楹}})<ref>Jonathan D. Spence, ''Ts'ao Yin and the K'ang-Hsi Emperor: Bondservant and Master''(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), p. xv. [https://books.google.com/books?id=rXiSxh1oGe0C&q=Fang+Chao-ying]</ref>
|doctoral_students = [[Sherman Cochran]],<ref name="RAKapp2009">{{cite web |last1=Kapp |first1=Robert A. |title=History, Generations, and China Stories |url=http://www.thechinabeat.org/ |website=The China Beat Blog Archive 2008-2012 |access-date=1 January 2022 |archive-url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/chinabeatarchive/444/ |archive-date=18 April 2017 |location=DigitalCommons @ University of Nebraska – Lincoln |date=1 July 2009|quote=Happily, several of Spence's Ph.D. students decided to throw their efforts into a conference and celebration in his honor, on the Yale Campus, in early May.... Four attendees in particular – Robert Oxnam, Roger DesForges, Sherman Cochran, and I – represented the original tranche of doctoral candidates who finished their degrees under Jonathan's benign and helpful guidance...}}</ref> [[Robert Oxnam]]<ref name="RAKapp2009"/><!-- [[Pamela Crossley]], [[Kenneth Pomeranz]], [[Joanna Waley-Cohen]]{{cn}}-->
| doctoral_students = [[Sherman Cochran]],<ref name="RAKapp2009">{{cite web |last1=Kapp |first1=Robert A. |title=History, Generations, and China Stories |url=http://www.thechinabeat.org/ |website=The China Beat Blog Archive 2008-2012 |access-date=1 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819195932/http://thechinabeat.org/ |archive-date=19 August 2022 |location=DigitalCommons @ University of Nebraska – Lincoln |date=1 July 2009 |quote=Happily, several of Spence's Ph.D. students decided to throw their efforts into a conference and celebration in his honor, on the Yale Campus, in early May.... Four attendees in particular – Robert Oxnam, Roger DesForges, Sherman Cochran, and I – represented the original tranche of doctoral candidates who finished their degrees under Jonathan's benign and helpful guidance... |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> [[Robert Oxnam]]<ref name="RAKapp2009"/> [[Pamela Kyle Crossley]], [[Kenneth Pomeranz]], [[Joanna Waley-Cohen]] [[Mark C. Elliott]]{{sfnb|Center_on_U.S._China_Relations|2022}}
|notable_students =
| notable_students =
|known_for =
| known_for =
|author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
| influences =
|influenced =
| influenced =
|awards =
| awards =
|religion =
| religion =
|spouse = [[Annping Chin]]
| spouse = [[Annping Chin]]
|signature = <!--(filename only)-->
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
|footnotes =
| footnotes =
|module = {{Listen|embed=yes|filename=Jonathan Spence BBC Radio4 The Reith Lectures 3 June 2008 b00bvz8s.flac|title=<center>Jonathan Spence's voice</center>|type=speech|description=[[:File:Jonathan Spence BBC Radio4 The Reith Lectures 3 June 2008 b00bvz8s.flac|Recorded June 2008]] from the BBC Radio 4 programme the ''[[Reith Lectures]]''}}
| module = {{Listen|embed=yes|filename=Jonathan Spence BBC Radio4 The Reith Lectures 3 June 2008 b00bvz8s.flac|title={{center|Jonathan Spence's voice}}|type=speech|description=[[:File:Jonathan Spence BBC Radio4 The Reith Lectures 3 June 2008 b00bvz8s.flac|Recorded June 2008]] from the BBC Radio 4 programme the ''[[Reith Lectures]]''}}
{{Infobox Chinese|child=yes|s=史景迁|t=史景遷|p=Shǐ Jǐngqiān}}
{{Infobox Chinese|child=yes|s=史景迁|t=史景遷|p=Shǐ Jǐngqiān}}
}}
}}


'''Jonathan Dermot Spence''' {{postnominals|size=100%|CMG}} (11 August 1936 – 25 December 2021) was an English-born American [[historian]], [[Sinology|sinologist]], and writer who specialized in [[History of China|Chinese history]]. He was [[Sterling Professor]] of History at [[Yale University]] from 1993 to 2008. His most widely read book is ''The Search for Modern China'', a survey of the last several hundred years of Chinese history based on his popular course at Yale. A prolific author, reviewer, and essayist, he published more than a dozen books on China. Spence's major interest was modern China, especially the [[Qing dynasty]], and relations between China and the West.<ref name="Roberts">Roberts, Priscilla "Spence, Jonathan D." pages 1136–1137 from ''The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing'' edited by Kelly Boyd, Volume 2, London:Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1999 page 1136.</ref> Spence frequently used biographies to examine cultural and political history. Another common theme is the efforts of both Westerners and Chinese "to change China",<ref>Jonathan D. Spence ''To Change China; Western Advisers in China, 1620–1960''. Boston: Little Brown, 1969</ref> and how such efforts were frustrated.<ref name="Roberts"/>
'''Jonathan Dermot Spence''' {{postnominals|size=100%|CMG}} (11 August 1936 – 25 December 2021) was a British-American [[historian]], [[Sinology|sinologist]], and author specialised in [[History of China|Chinese history]]. He was [[Sterling Professor]] of History at [[Yale University]] from 1993 to 2008. His most widely read book is ''[[The Search for Modern China]]'', a survey of the last several hundred years of Chinese history based on his popular course at Yale. A prolific author, reviewer, and essayist, he published over a dozen books on China. Spence's major interest was modern China, especially the [[Qing dynasty]], and relations between China and the West.<ref name="Roberts">Roberts, Priscilla "Spence, Jonathan D." pages 1136–1137 from ''The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing'' edited by Kelly Boyd, Volume 2, London:Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1999 page 1136.</ref> Spence frequently used biographies to examine cultural and political history. Another common theme is the efforts of both Westerners and Chinese "to change China",<ref>Jonathan D. Spence ''To Change China; Western Advisers in China, 1620–1960''. Boston: Little Brown, 1969</ref> and how such efforts were frustrated.<ref name="Roberts"/>


== Early life ==
== Early life and education ==
Spence was born on 11 August 1936 to Muriel ({{née}} Crailsham) and Dermot Spence in [[Surrey, England|Surrey]] in England. His mother was a French researcher while his father worked at an art gallery and a publishing house.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Genzlinger|first=Neil|date=27 December 2021|title=Jonathan Spence, Noted China Scholar, Dies at 85|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/27/books/jonathan-spence-dead.html|access-date=1 January 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
Spence was born on 11 August 1936 to Muriel ({{née}} Crailsham) and Dermot Spence in [[Surrey, England|Surrey]] in England. His mother was a French researcher while his father worked at an art gallery and a publishing house.<ref name=":0"/>


Spence was educated at [[Winchester College]] and at [[Clare College]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] and graduated in 1954. He spent two years in the military after graduating and was deployed in Germany during this period.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Genzlinger|first=Neil|date=27 December 2021|title=Jonathan Spence, Noted China Scholar, Dies at 85|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/27/books/jonathan-spence-dead.html|access-date=1 January 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He received his BA in history from Cambridge in 1959, studying at [[Clare College, Cambridge]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Genzlinger|first=Neil|date=27 December 2021|title=Jonathan Spence, Noted China Scholar, Dies at 85|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/27/books/jonathan-spence-dead.html|access-date=1 January 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> During this time he was the editor of the campus magazine and was also the co-editor of British literary magazine [[Granta]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Genzlinger|first=Neil|date=27 December 2021|title=Jonathan Spence, Noted China Scholar, Dies at 85|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/27/books/jonathan-spence-dead.html|access-date=1 January 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He went to [[Yale University]] on a Clare-[[Andrew W. Mellon Foundation|Mellon]] Fellowship to study the history and culture of China, receiving an [[Master of Arts|MA]] and then a PhD in 1965, when he won the [[John Addison Porter]] Prize. As part of his graduate training, he spent a year in Australia to study under [[Fang Chao-ying]] and [[Tu Lien-che]], scholars of the Qing dynasty.<ref name="AHABio">Frederic E. Wakeman Jr., [http://www.historians.org/info/AHA_History/spencebio.cfm Jonathan D. Spence] at [[American Historical Association]] website (retrieved 10 March 2010).</ref>
Spence was educated at [[Winchester College]] until 1954. He then spent two years in the British Army and was deployed to Germany.<ref name=":0"/> He read history at [[Clare College, Cambridge]] and received his [[bachelor's degree]] in 1959.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Genzlinger|first=Neil|date=27 December 2021|title=Jonathan Spence, Noted China Scholar, Dies at 85|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/27/books/jonathan-spence-dead.html|access-date=1 January 2022|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> While at Cambridge he was the editor of the campus magazine and was also the co-editor of British literary magazine [[Granta]].<ref name=":0"/> He went to [[Yale University]] on a Clare-[[Andrew W. Mellon Foundation|Mellon]] Fellowship to study the history and culture of China, receiving an [[Master of Arts|MA]] and then a PhD in 1965, when he won the [[John Addison Porter]] Prize. As part of his graduate training, he spent a year in Australia to study under [[Fang Chao-ying]] and [[Tu Lien-che]], scholars of the Qing dynasty.<ref name="AHABio">Frederic E. Wakeman Jr., [http://www.historians.org/info/AHA_History/spencebio.cfm Jonathan D. Spence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060401201934/http://www.historians.org/info/AHA_History/spencebio.cfm |date=1 April 2006 }} at [[American Historical Association]] website (retrieved 10 March 2010).</ref>


==Career==
==Academic career==
Spence taught a popular undergraduate class at [[Yale University]] on the history of modern China, which formed the basis for his book ''The Search for Modern China'' (1989).<ref name="NYT19900513">{{cite news|last1=Schwarcz|first1=Vera|last2=Bruckner|first2=D.J.R.|date=13 May 1990|title=CHINA: THE HARD ROAD TO NOW|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/12/06/specials/spence-search.html|access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref> He taught for more than 40 years at the university. During this time he wrote many books on China that furthered the understanding of the country and its culture with western audiences. Some of his books during this period included ''The Search for Modern China'' (1990), which was published on the back of the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre|Tiananmen Square massacre]] in 1989, and ''God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan'' (1996).<ref name=":0" />
Spence taught a popular undergraduate course at [[Yale University]] on the history of modern China, which formed the basis for his book ''The Search for Modern China'' (1990).<ref name="NYT19900513">{{cite news|last1=Schwarcz|first1=Vera|last2=Bruckner|first2=D.J.R.|date=13 May 1990|title=CHINA: THE HARD ROAD TO NOW|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/12/06/specials/spence-search.html|access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref> He taught at Yale for more than 40 years. During this time he wrote many books on China that furthered the understanding of the country and its culture with Western audiences. Some of his books during this period included ''The Search for Modern China'' (1990), which was published on the back of the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre|Tiananmen Square massacre]] in 1989, and ''God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan'' (1996).<ref name=":0" />


Spence was president of the [[American Historical Association]] between 2004 and 2005.<ref name="AHABio" /> While his primary focus was on [[Qing dynasty|Qing dynasty China]], he also wrote a biography of [[Mao Zedong]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Spence |first1=Jonathan D. |title=Mao Zedong |date=1999 |publisher=Viking |isbn=978-0-670-88669-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z2FwAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref> and ''[[The Gate of Heavenly Peace (book)|The Gate of Heavenly Peace]]'', a study of twentieth-century intellectuals and their relation to revolution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lattimore |first1=David |title=The Long Revolution |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/12/06/specials/spence-peace.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=28 December 2021 |date=18 October 1981}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pye |first1=Lucian W. |title=The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and their Revolution, 1895–1980. By Jonathan D. Spence. [New York: The Viking Press1981. 465 pp. $19.95; London: Faber, 1982. £11·50.] |journal=The China Quarterly |date=June 1982 |volume=90 |pages=302–304 |doi=10.1017/S0305741000000382 |s2cid=154391752 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/abs/gate-of-heavenly-peace-the-chinese-and-their-revolution-18951980-by-jonathan-d-spence-new-york-the-viking-press1981-465-pp-1995-london-faber-1982-1150/6FC50901D74AE927DE4A3C0EF601B717 |access-date=28 December 2021 |language=en |issn=1468-2648}}</ref> He retired from Yale in 2008.<ref name="AP-Obit">{{cite news |last1=Italie |first1=Hillel |title=Jonathan D. Spence, popular China scholar, dead at age 85 |url=https://apnews.com/article/entertainment-china-education-connecticut-yale-university-f22f53e450d9c5c98c624618f3999bb5 |access-date=28 December 2021 |work=AP NEWS |date=27 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
Spence was president of the [[American Historical Association]] between 2004 and 2005.<ref name="AHABio" /> While his primary focus was on [[Qing dynasty|Qing dynasty China]], he also wrote a biography of [[Mao Zedong]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Spence |first1=Jonathan D. |title=Mao Zedong |date=1999 |publisher=Viking |isbn=978-0-670-88669-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z2FwAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref> and ''[[The Gate of Heavenly Peace (book)|The Gate of Heavenly Peace]]'', a study of twentieth-century intellectuals and their relation to revolution.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lattimore |first1=David |title=The Long Revolution |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/12/06/specials/spence-peace.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=28 December 2021 |date=18 October 1981}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pye |first1=Lucian W. |title=The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and their Revolution, 1895–1980. By Jonathan D. Spence. [New York: The Viking Press1981. 465 pp. $19.95; London: Faber, 1982. £11·50.] |journal=The China Quarterly |date=June 1982 |volume=90 |pages=302–304 |doi=10.1017/S0305741000000382 |s2cid=154391752 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/abs/gate-of-heavenly-peace-the-chinese-and-their-revolution-18951980-by-jonathan-d-spence-new-york-the-viking-press1981-465-pp-1995-london-faber-1982-1150/6FC50901D74AE927DE4A3C0EF601B717 |access-date=28 December 2021 |language=en |issn=1468-2648}}</ref> He retired from Yale in 2008.<ref name="AP-Obit">{{cite news |last1=Italie |first1=Hillel |title=Jonathan D. Spence, popular China scholar, dead at age 85 |url=https://apnews.com/article/entertainment-china-education-connecticut-yale-university-f22f53e450d9c5c98c624618f3999bb5 |access-date=28 December 2021 |work=AP NEWS |date=27 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
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In 2010, Spence was appointed to deliver the annual [[Jefferson Lecture]] at the [[Library of Congress]], the US federal government's highest honour for achievement in the [[humanities]].<ref>Jill Laster, [http://chronicle.com/article/Eminent-China-Scholar-Will/64554/?sid=at "Eminent China Scholar Will Deliver 2010 Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities"], ''[[Chronicle of Higher Education]]'', 8 March 2010.</ref>
In 2010, Spence was appointed to deliver the annual [[Jefferson Lecture]] at the [[Library of Congress]], the US federal government's highest honour for achievement in the [[humanities]].<ref>Jill Laster, [http://chronicle.com/article/Eminent-China-Scholar-Will/64554/?sid=at "Eminent China Scholar Will Deliver 2010 Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities"], ''[[Chronicle of Higher Education]]'', 8 March 2010.</ref>

==Criticism==

Spence has been criticised for describing Mao Zedong as one of the 20th century's Great Leaders as detailed in an article published in Bitter Winter, an Italian magazine on religious liberty and human rights. Bitter Winter remains the most quoted source in the 2022 U.S. Department of State Report on Religious Freedom.<ref>https://bitterwinter.org/ccp-holocaust-day-should-be-commemorated-on-october-1/</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Spence's name in Chinese, {{lang|zh|史景遷}} ([[pinyin]]: ''Shǐ Jǐngqiān''), was given to him by [[Fang Chao-ying]] to reflect his love of history and admiration for the Han dynasty historian [[Sima Qian]]. He chose the [[Shǐ (surname)|surname 史]] (''Shǐ''; literally "history") and personal name {{lang|zh|景遷}} (''Jǐngqiān''), where {{lang|zh|景}} (''jǐng'') means admire (as in {{lang|zh|[[wikt:景仰|景仰]]}}) and {{lang|zh|遷}} (''qiān'') was taken from the personal name of Sima Qian ({{lang|zh|司馬遷}}).<ref>{{cite book|last=Spence|first=Johnathan D.|title=天安门：知识分子与中国革命|year=1998|publisher=中央编译出版社|location=Beijing|page=1}}</ref><ref name="WSJ-Obit" /><ref>{{cite news |author1=藍孝威 |author2=李欣恬 |title=美着名汉学家史景迁逝世 享寿85岁 - 两岸要闻 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/cn/newspapers/20211228000393-260102?chdtv |access-date=1 January 2022 |work=中时新闻网 [[China Times]] |date=28 December 2021 |language=zh-Hant-TW |quote=史景遷的博士論文指導教授、中國史專家房兆楹為他取的中文名字「史景遷」，寓意「學史者當景仰司馬遷」。}}</ref> Spence became an American citizen in 2000.<ref name="NEH">[[David Skinner (journalist)|Skinner, David]] (2010). [http://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/jonathan-spence-biography Jonathan Spence Biography], [[National Endowment for the Humanities]]. Retrieved 14 September 2014.</ref>
Spence's name in Chinese, {{lang|zh|史景遷}} ([[pinyin]]: ''Shǐ Jǐngqiān''), was given to him by [[Fang Chao-ying]] to reflect his love of history and admiration for the Han dynasty historian [[Sima Qian]]. He chose the [[Shǐ (surname)|surname 史]] (''Shǐ''; literally "history") and personal name {{lang|zh|景遷}} (''Jǐngqiān''), where {{lang|zh|景}} (''jǐng'') means admire (as in {{lang|zh|[[wikt:景仰|景仰]]}}) and {{lang|zh|遷}} (''qiān'') was taken from the personal name of Sima Qian ({{lang|zh|司馬遷}}).<ref>{{cite book|last=Spence|first=Johnathan D.|title=天安门：知识分子与中国革命|year=1998|publisher=中央编译出版社|location=Beijing|page=1}}</ref><ref name="WSJ-Obit" /><ref>{{cite news |author1=藍孝威 |author2=李欣恬 |title=美着名汉学家史景迁逝世 享寿85岁 - 两岸要闻 |url=https://www.chinatimes.com/cn/newspapers/20211228000393-260102?chdtv |access-date=1 January 2022 |work=中时新闻网 [[China Times]] |date=28 December 2021 |language=zh-Hant-TW |quote=史景遷的博士論文指導教授、中國史專家房兆楹為他取的中文名字「史景遷」，寓意「學史者當景仰司馬遷」。}}</ref> Spence became a U.S. citizen in 2000.<ref name="NEH">[[David Skinner (journalist)|Skinner, David]] (2010). [http://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/jonathan-spence-biography Jonathan Spence Biography], [[National Endowment for the Humanities]]. Retrieved 14 September 2014.</ref>


Spence's wife [[Annping Chin]] was a senior lecturer in history at Yale with a PhD in Chinese thought from [[Columbia University|Columbia]].<ref name="AP-Obit" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Annping Chin, Senior Lecturer Emeritus |url=https://history.yale.edu/people/annping-chin |website=history.yale.edu |publisher=Department of History, Yale University |access-date=28 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> He had two sons from a previous marriage (1962–1993) to Helen Alexander, Colin and Ian Spence, two stepchildren, Yar Woo and [[Mei Chin]], a grandchild as well as two step-grandchildren.<ref name="NYTObit" /><ref name="WSJ-Obit" /> Spence died from complications of Parkinson's disease on 25 December 2021, at the age of 85 at his residence in [[West Haven, Connecticut]].<ref name="AP-Obit" /><ref name="NYTObit">{{Cite news|last=Genzlinger|first=Neil|date=27 December 2021|title=Jonathan Spence, Noted China Scholar, Dies at 85|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/27/books/jonathan-spence-dead.html|access-date=28 December 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="WSJ-Obit">{{cite news |last1=Hua |first1=Sha |title=China Scholar Jonathan Spence Dies at Age 85 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-scholar-jonathan-spence-dies-at-85-11640697976 |access-date=28 December 2021 |work=Wall Street Journal |date=28 December 2021}}</ref>
Spence's wife [[Annping Chin]] was a senior lecturer in history at Yale with a PhD in Chinese thought from [[Columbia University|Columbia]].<ref name="AP-Obit" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Annping Chin, Senior Lecturer Emeritus |url=https://history.yale.edu/people/annping-chin |website=history.yale.edu |publisher=Department of History, Yale University |access-date=28 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> He had two sons from a previous marriage (1962–1993) to Helen Alexander, Colin and Ian Spence, two stepchildren, Yar Woo and [[Mei Chin]], a grandchild as well as two step-grandchildren.<ref name="NYTObit" /><ref name="WSJ-Obit" /> Spence died from complications of Parkinson's disease on 25 December 2021, at the age of 85 at his residence in [[West Haven, Connecticut]].<ref name="AP-Obit" /><ref name="NYTObit">{{Cite news|last=Genzlinger|first=Neil|date=27 December 2021|title=Jonathan Spence, Noted China Scholar, Dies at 85|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/27/books/jonathan-spence-dead.html|access-date=28 December 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="WSJ-Obit">{{cite news |last1=Hua |first1=Sha |title=China Scholar Jonathan Spence Dies at Age 85 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-scholar-jonathan-spence-dies-at-85-11640697976 |access-date=28 December 2021 |work=Wall Street Journal |date=28 December 2021}}</ref>
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==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
===Books===
===Books===
*''The Search for Modern China'' (1990; 2nd edition, 1999; 3rd edition 2013)<ref name="NYT19900513"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Spence |first1=Jonathan D. |title=The Search for Modern China |date=2013 |publisher=Wiley |location=New York |isbn=978-0-393-93451-9 |edition=Third |url=https://www.wiley.com/en-au/The+Search+for+Modern+China%2C+3rd+Edition-p-9780393934519 |language=en-au}}</ref>
*''[[The Search for Modern China]]'' (1990; 2nd edition, 1999; 3rd edition 2013)<ref name="NYT19900513"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Spence |first1=Jonathan D. |title=The Search for Modern China |date=2013 |publisher=Wiley |location=New York |isbn=978-0-393-93451-9 |edition=Third |url=https://www.wiley.com/en-au/The+Search+for+Modern+China%2C+3rd+Edition-p-9780393934519 |language=en-au}}</ref>
*''[https://archive.org/details/tsoyinknghsi00spen Tsʻao Yin and the Kʻang-hsi Emperor: bondservant and master]'' (1966)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rXiSxh1oGe0C |title=Tsʻao Yin and the Kʻang-hsi Emperor: Bondservant and Master – Jonathan D. Spence – Google Boeken |access-date=15 February 2013|isbn=978-0-300-04277-1 |year=1988 |last1=Spence |first1=Jonathan D. }}</ref>
*''[https://archive.org/details/tsoyinknghsi00spen Tsʻao Yin and the Kʻang-hsi Emperor: bondservant and master]'' (1966)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rXiSxh1oGe0C |title=Tsʻao Yin and the Kʻang-hsi Emperor: Bondservant and Master – Jonathan D. Spence – Google Boeken |access-date=15 February 2013|isbn=978-0-300-04277-1 |year=1988 |last1=Spence |first1=Jonathan D. |publisher=Yale University Press }}</ref>
* ''To Change China: Western Advisers in China, 1620–1960'' (Boston, Little Brown, 1969).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goodrich |first1=L. Carrington |title=To Change China: Western advisers in China 1620–1960. By Spence Jonathan. [Boston: Little Brown & Co., 1969. 335 pp. $7.95.] |journal=The China Quarterly |date=January 1970 |volume=41 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1017/S0305741000034834 |s2cid=153767635 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/abs/to-change-china-western-advisers-in-china-16201960-by-spence-jonathan-boston-little-brown-co-1969-335-pp-795/D2A74C07E69FCF573723759EEFB2DFB5 |access-date=1 January 2022 |language=en |issn=1468-2648}}</ref>
* ''To Change China: Western Advisers in China, 1620–1960'' (Boston, Little Brown, 1969).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goodrich |first1=L. Carrington |title=To Change China: Western advisers in China 1620–1960. By Spence Jonathan. [Boston: Little Brown & Co., 1969. 335 pp. $7.95.] |journal=The China Quarterly |date=January 1970 |volume=41 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1017/S0305741000034834 |s2cid=153767635 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/abs/to-change-china-western-advisers-in-china-16201960-by-spence-jonathan-boston-little-brown-co-1969-335-pp-795/D2A74C07E69FCF573723759EEFB2DFB5 |access-date=1 January 2022 |language=en |issn=1468-2648}}</ref>
*''Emperor of China: Self-Portrait of K'ang-Hsi'' (1974)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCyU7zwpOfIC |title=Emperor of China: Self-Portrait of K'ang-Hsi – Jonathan D. Spence – Google Boeken |date=25 July 2012 |access-date=15 February 2013|isbn=978-0-307-82306-9 |last1=Spence |first1=Jonathan D. }}</ref>
*''Emperor of China: Self-Portrait of K'ang-Hsi'' (1974)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCyU7zwpOfIC |title=Emperor of China: Self-Portrait of K'ang-Hsi – Jonathan D. Spence – Google Boeken |date=25 July 2012 |access-date=15 February 2013|isbn=978-0-307-82306-9 |last1=Spence |first1=Jonathan D. |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing }}</ref>
*''The Death of Woman Wang'' (1978). Story situated in [[Tancheng County|17th century Tancheng]]. {{ISBN|014005121X}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Spence |first1=Jonathan D. |title=The Death of Woman Wang |date=1979 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=New York |isbn=014005121X}}</ref>
*''The Death of Woman Wang'' (1978). Story situated in [[Tancheng County|17th century Tancheng]]. {{ISBN|014005121X}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Spence |first1=Jonathan D. |title=The Death of Woman Wang |date=1979 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=New York |isbn=014005121X}}</ref>
*''The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci'' (1984) <ref>{{cite news |last1=Robinson |first1=Paul |title=Ming Mnemonics |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/12/06/specials/spence-ricci.html |access-date=1 January 2022 |work=Book Review Desk |publisher=The New York Times |date=25 November 1984}}</ref>
*''The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci'' (1984)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Robinson |first1=Paul |title=Ming Mnemonics |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/12/06/specials/spence-ricci.html |access-date=1 January 2022 |work=Book Review Desk |publisher=The New York Times |date=25 November 1984}}</ref>
*''The Question of Hu'' (New York: Knopf, 1987 {{ISBN|978-0-394-57190-4}}). Biography of John Hu 胡若望, 18th-century Chinese who went to France with [[Jean-François Foucquet]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-11-20-bk-420-story.html|title = The Faith Yes, Europe No : THE QUESTION OF HU by Jonathan D. Spence (Alfred A. Knopf: $18.95;187 pp.; 0-394-57190-8)|website = [[Los Angeles Times]]|date = 20 November 1988}}</ref>
*''The Question of Hu'' (New York: Knopf, 1987 {{ISBN|978-0-394-57190-4}}). Biography of John Hu 胡若望, 18th-century Chinese who went to France with [[Jean-François Foucquet]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-11-20-bk-420-story.html|title = The Faith Yes, Europe No : THE QUESTION OF HU by Jonathan D. Spence (Alfred A. Knopf: $18.95;187 pp.; 0-394-57190-8)|website = [[Los Angeles Times]]|date = 20 November 1988}}</ref>
*''Chinese Roundabout: Essays on History and Culture''<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/397578/summary|doi = 10.1353/cri.1994.0071|title = ''Chinese Roundabout: Essays in History and Culture'' (Review)|year = 1994|last1 = Lee|first1 = Lily Xiao Hong|journal = China Review International|volume = 1|issue = 2|pages = 262–266}}</ref>
*''Chinese Roundabout: Essays on History and Culture''<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/397578/summary|doi = 10.1353/cri.1994.0071|title = ''Chinese Roundabout: Essays in History and Culture'' (Review)|year = 1994|last1 = Lee|first1 = Lily Xiao Hong|journal = China Review International|volume = 1|issue = 2|pages = 262–266| s2cid=144067305 }}</ref>
*''The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution 1895–1980'' (1982)<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/abs/gate-of-heavenly-peace-the-chinese-and-their-revolution-18951980-by-jonathan-d-spence-new-york-the-viking-press1981-465-pp-1995-london-faber-1982-1150/6FC50901D74AE927DE4A3C0EF601B717|doi = 10.1017/S0305741000000382|title = The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and their Revolution, 1895–1980. By Jonathan D. Spence. &#91;New York: The Viking Press1981. 465 pp. $19.95; London: Faber, 1982. £11·50.&#93;|year = 1982|last1 = Pye|first1 = Lucian W.|journal = The China Quarterly|volume = 90|pages = 302–304|s2cid = 154391752}}</ref>
*''The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution 1895–1980'' (1982)<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/abs/gate-of-heavenly-peace-the-chinese-and-their-revolution-18951980-by-jonathan-d-spence-new-york-the-viking-press1981-465-pp-1995-london-faber-1982-1150/6FC50901D74AE927DE4A3C0EF601B717|doi = 10.1017/S0305741000000382|title = The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and their Revolution, 1895–1980. By Jonathan D. Spence. &#91;New York: The Viking Press1981. 465 pp. $19.95; London: Faber, 1982. £11·50.&#93;|year = 1982|last1 = Pye|first1 = Lucian W.|journal = The China Quarterly|volume = 90|pages = 302–304|s2cid = 154391752}}</ref>
*''The Chan's Great Continent: China in Western Minds''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-393-02747-1|title = Nonfiction Book Review: The Chan's Great Continent: China in Western Minds by Jonathan D. Spence, Author W. W. Norton & Company $27.5 (279p) ISBN 978-0-393-02747-1|date = September 1998}}</ref>
*''The Chan's Great Continent: China in Western Minds''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-0-393-02747-1|title = Nonfiction Book Review: The Chan's Great Continent: China in Western Minds by Jonathan D. Spence, Author W. W. Norton & Company $27.5 (279p) ISBN 978-0-393-02747-1|date = September 1998}}</ref>
*''God's Chinese Son'' (New York: Norton, 1996 {{ISBN|978-0-393-03844-6}}). Biography of [[Hong Xiuchuan]], leader of [[Taiping Rebellion]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20719667|jstor = 20719667|last1 = Wu|first1 = Qingyun|title = Reviewed work: God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan, Jonathan D. Spence|journal = Utopian Studies|year = 1997|volume = 8|issue = 1|pages = 234–236}}</ref>
*''God's Chinese Son'' (New York: Norton, 1996 {{ISBN|978-0-393-03844-6}}). Biography of [[Hong Xiuquan]], leader of [[Taiping Rebellion]].<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20719667|jstor = 20719667|last1 = Wu|first1 = Qingyun|title = Reviewed work: God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan, Jonathan D. Spence|journal = Utopian Studies|year = 1997|volume = 8|issue = 1|pages = 234–236}}</ref>
*{{cite book |title= Mao Zedong |series= Penguin Lives |year= 1999 |publisher= [[Viking Press]] |location= New York |isbn= 978-0-670-88669-2 |oclc= 41641238 |url= https://archive.org/details/maozedong00spen |url-access=registration}}
*{{cite book |title= Mao Zedong |series= Penguin Lives |year= 1999 |publisher= [[Viking Press]] |location= New York |isbn= 978-0-670-88669-2 |oclc= 41641238 |url= https://archive.org/details/maozedong00spen |url-access=registration}}
**{{cite news |author=John F. Burns |date=February 6, 2000 |title=Methods of the Great Leader |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/02/06/reviews/000206.06burnst.html |newspaper=The New York Times}}<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2000-05-01/mao-life-mao-zedong|title=Mao: A Life; Mao Zedong |magazine=Foreign Affairs |date=28 January 2009|last1=Pyemay/June 2000|first1=Lucian W.}}</ref>
**{{cite news |author=John F. Burns |date=February 6, 2000 |title=Methods of the Great Leader |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/02/06/reviews/000206.06burnst.html |newspaper=The New York Times}}<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2000-05-01/mao-life-mao-zedong|title=Mao: A Life; Mao Zedong |magazine=Foreign Affairs |date=28 January 2009|last1=Pyemay/June 2000|first1=Lucian W.}}</ref>
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=== Sources ===
=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web |author1=Center on U.S. China Relations |title=Remembering Jonathan Spence |url=https://www.chinafile.com/conversation/remembering-jonathan-spence |website=China File |publisher=Asia Society |date=2 March 2022 }}.
* {{cite journal |last = Lu |first = Hanchao |title = The Art of History: A Conversation with Jonathan Spence |journal = The Chinese Historical Review |volume = 11 |issue = 2 |pages = 133–154 |year = 2004 |url = ftp://121.17.126.74/data1/ts01/english/novel/batch001/201005112059351417.pdf |doi = 10.1080/1547402X.2004.11827201 |s2cid = 151855607 |ref = none }}
* {{cite journal |last = Lu |first = Hanchao |title = The Art of History: A Conversation with Jonathan Spence |journal = The Chinese Historical Review |volume = 11 |issue = 2 |pages = 133–154 |year = 2004 |url = ftp://121.17.126.74/data1/ts01/english/novel/batch001/201005112059351417.pdf |doi = 10.1080/1547402X.2004.11827201 |s2cid = 151855607 |ref = none }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* Bruce Mazlish, "The Question of the Question of Hu", ''History and Theory'' 11 (1992): 141–152
* Bruce Mazlish, "The Question of the Question of Hu", ''History and Theory'' 11 (1992): 141–152
* Mirsky, Jonathan. Review of ''Chinese Roundabout'' ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', Volume 39, Issue No. 17 (5 November 1992): 51–55.
* Mirsky, Jonathan. Review of ''Chinese Roundabout'' ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', Volume 39, Issue No. 17 (5 November 1992): 51–55.
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{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:Yale Sterling Professors]]
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[[Category:Deaths from Parkinson's disease in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Neurological disease deaths in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Neurological disease deaths in Connecticut]]

Latest revision as of 12:15, 30 November 2024

Not to be confused with Jonathan Spencer.

Jonathan D. Spence
CMG
Born(1936-08-11)11 August 1936
Surrey, England
Died25 December 2021(2021-12-25) (aged 85)
West Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
NationalityBritish and American
EducationClare College, Cambridge (MA)
Yale University (PhD)
SpouseAnnping Chin
Scientific career
FieldsChinese history
InstitutionsYale University
Doctoral advisorMary C. Wright
Other academic advisorsFang Chao-ying (房兆楹)[1]
Doctoral studentsSherman Cochran,[2] Robert Oxnam[2] Pamela Kyle Crossley, Kenneth Pomeranz, Joanna Waley-Cohen Mark C. Elliott[3]
Jonathan Spence's voice
Recorded June 2008 from the BBC Radio 4 programme the Reith Lectures
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese史景遷
Simplified Chinese史景迁
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinShǐ Jǐngqiān

Jonathan Dermot Spence CMG (11 August 1936 – 25 December 2021) was a British-American historian, sinologist, and author specialised in Chinese history. He was Sterling Professor of History at Yale University from 1993 to 2008. His most widely read book is The Search for Modern China, a survey of the last several hundred years of Chinese history based on his popular course at Yale. A prolific author, reviewer, and essayist, he published over a dozen books on China. Spence's major interest was modern China, especially the Qing dynasty, and relations between China and the West.[4] Spence frequently used biographies to examine cultural and political history. Another common theme is the efforts of both Westerners and Chinese "to change China",[5] and how such efforts were frustrated.[4]

Early life and education

[edit]

Spence was born on 11 August 1936 to Muriel (née Crailsham) and Dermot Spence in Surrey in England. His mother was a French researcher while his father worked at an art gallery and a publishing house.[6]

Spence was educated at Winchester College until 1954. He then spent two years in the British Army and was deployed to Germany.[6] He read history at Clare College, Cambridge and received his bachelor's degree in 1959.[6] While at Cambridge he was the editor of the campus magazine and was also the co-editor of British literary magazine Granta.[6] He went to Yale University on a Clare-Mellon Fellowship to study the history and culture of China, receiving an MA and then a PhD in 1965, when he won the John Addison Porter Prize. As part of his graduate training, he spent a year in Australia to study under Fang Chao-ying and Tu Lien-che, scholars of the Qing dynasty.[7]

Academic career

[edit]

Spence taught a popular undergraduate course at Yale University on the history of modern China, which formed the basis for his book The Search for Modern China (1990).[8] He taught at Yale for more than 40 years. During this time he wrote many books on China that furthered the understanding of the country and its culture with Western audiences. Some of his books during this period included The Search for Modern China (1990), which was published on the back of the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989, and God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan (1996).[6]

Spence was president of the American Historical Association between 2004 and 2005.[7] While his primary focus was on Qing dynasty China, he also wrote a biography of Mao Zedong[9] and The Gate of Heavenly Peace, a study of twentieth-century intellectuals and their relation to revolution.[10][11] He retired from Yale in 2008.[12]

His book The Search for Modern China was a New York Times best seller and documented the evolution of China starting from the decline of the Ming dynasty in the early 1600s to the pro-democracy movement of 1989, while his book Treason by the Book (2001) documented the story of a scholar who took on the third Manchu Emperor in the 1700s.[6]

Honors

[edit]

Spence received eight honorary degrees in the United States as well as from the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and (in 2003) from Oxford University. He was invited to become a visiting professor at Peking University[13] and an honorary professor at Nanjing University.[7] He was named Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 2001,[14] and in 2006, he was elected an Honorary Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge.[15]

He received the William C. DeVane Medal of the Yale Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa (1952); a Guggenheim Fellowship (1979); the Los Angeles Times History Prize (1982), and the Vursel Prize of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters (1983). He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1985), named a MacArthur Fellow (1988), appointed to the Council of Scholars of the Library of Congress (1988), elected a member of the American Philosophical Society (1993), and named a corresponding fellow of the British Academy (1997).[7]

In May and June 2008, he gave the 60th anniversary Reith Lectures, which were broadcast on BBC Radio 4.[16][17]

In 2010, Spence was appointed to deliver the annual Jefferson Lecture at the Library of Congress, the US federal government's highest honour for achievement in the humanities.[18]

Personal life

[edit]

Spence's name in Chinese, 史景遷 (pinyin: Shǐ Jǐngqiān), was given to him by Fang Chao-ying to reflect his love of history and admiration for the Han dynasty historian Sima Qian. He chose the surname 史 (Shǐ; literally "history") and personal name 景遷 (Jǐngqiān), where 景 (jǐng) means admire (as in 景仰) and 遷 (qiān) was taken from the personal name of Sima Qian (司馬遷).[19][20][21] Spence became a U.S. citizen in 2000.[22]

Spence's wife Annping Chin was a senior lecturer in history at Yale with a PhD in Chinese thought from Columbia.[12][23] He had two sons from a previous marriage (1962–1993) to Helen Alexander, Colin and Ian Spence, two stepchildren, Yar Woo and Mei Chin, a grandchild as well as two step-grandchildren.[24][20] Spence died from complications of Parkinson's disease on 25 December 2021, at the age of 85 at his residence in West Haven, Connecticut.[12][24][20]

Bibliography

[edit]

Books

[edit]
  • The Search for Modern China (1990; 2nd edition, 1999; 3rd edition 2013)[8][25]
  • Tsʻao Yin and the Kʻang-hsi Emperor: bondservant and master (1966)[26]
  • To Change China: Western Advisers in China, 1620–1960 (Boston, Little Brown, 1969).[27]
  • Emperor of China: Self-Portrait of K'ang-Hsi (1974)[28]
  • The Death of Woman Wang (1978). Story situated in 17th century Tancheng. ISBN 014005121X[29]
  • The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci (1984)[30]
  • The Question of Hu (New York: Knopf, 1987 ISBN 978-0-394-57190-4). Biography of John Hu 胡若望, 18th-century Chinese who went to France with Jean-François Foucquet.[31]
  • Chinese Roundabout: Essays on History and Culture[32]
  • The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and Their Revolution 1895–1980 (1982)[33]
  • The Chan's Great Continent: China in Western Minds[34]
  • God's Chinese Son (New York: Norton, 1996 ISBN 978-0-393-03844-6). Biography of Hong Xiuquan, leader of Taiping Rebellion.[35]
  • Mao Zedong. Penguin Lives. New York: Viking Press. 1999. ISBN 978-0-670-88669-2. OCLC 41641238.
  • Treason by the Book (2001) ISBN 0-14-102779-7[37][38]
  • Return to Dragon Mountain: Memories of a Late Ming Man (2007) Viking, 332 pages. ISBN 978-0-670-06357-4

Book reviews

[edit]
  • "The Dream of Catholic China" The New York Review of Books 54/11 (28 June 2007) : 22–24 [reviews Liam Matthew Brockey, Journey to the East: the Jesuit Mission to China, 1579–1724][39]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Jonathan D. Spence, Ts'ao Yin and the K'ang-Hsi Emperor: Bondservant and Master(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), p. xv. [1]
  2. ^ a b Kapp, Robert A. (1 July 2009). "History, Generations, and China Stories". The China Beat Blog Archive 2008-2012. DigitalCommons @ University of Nebraska – Lincoln. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2022. Happily, several of Spence's Ph.D. students decided to throw their efforts into a conference and celebration in his honor, on the Yale Campus, in early May.... Four attendees in particular – Robert Oxnam, Roger DesForges, Sherman Cochran, and I – represented the original tranche of doctoral candidates who finished their degrees under Jonathan's benign and helpful guidance...{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. ^ Center_on_U.S._China_Relations (2022).
  4. ^ a b Roberts, Priscilla "Spence, Jonathan D." pages 1136–1137 from The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing edited by Kelly Boyd, Volume 2, London:Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1999 page 1136.
  5. ^ Jonathan D. Spence To Change China; Western Advisers in China, 1620–1960. Boston: Little Brown, 1969
  6. ^ a b c d e f Genzlinger, Neil (27 December 2021). "Jonathan Spence, Noted China Scholar, Dies at 85". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d Frederic E. Wakeman Jr., Jonathan D. Spence Archived 1 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine at American Historical Association website (retrieved 10 March 2010).
  8. ^ a b Schwarcz, Vera; Bruckner, D.J.R. (13 May 1990). "CHINA: THE HARD ROAD TO NOW". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  9. ^ Spence, Jonathan D. (1999). Mao Zedong. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-88669-2.
  10. ^ Lattimore, David (18 October 1981). "The Long Revolution". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  11. ^ Pye, Lucian W. (June 1982). "The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and their Revolution, 1895–1980. By Jonathan D. Spence. [New York: The Viking Press1981. 465 pp. $19.95; London: Faber, 1982. £11·50.]". The China Quarterly. 90: 302–304. doi:10.1017/S0305741000000382. ISSN 1468-2648. S2CID 154391752. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  12. ^ a b c Italie, Hillel (27 December 2021). "Jonathan D. Spence, popular China scholar, dead at age 85". AP NEWS. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  13. ^ "Remembering Jonathan D. Spence". newsen.pku.edu.cn. Peking University. 29 December 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  14. ^ "Queen's Birthday Honors List Distinguishes Yale Professor Jonathan Spence". YaleNews. Yale University. 20 June 2001. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  15. ^ "Professor Jonathan Spence". www.clare.cam.ac.uk. Clare College, Cambridge. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  16. ^ Earnshaw, Graham (2008). "Reith Lecture: English Lessons". The China Beat.
  17. ^ Hayford, Charles W. (2008). "Jonathan Spence's Third Reith Lecture: Dreams, Paradoxes, and the Uses of History". The China Beat.
  18. ^ Jill Laster, "Eminent China Scholar Will Deliver 2010 Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities", Chronicle of Higher Education, 8 March 2010.
  19. ^ Spence, Johnathan D. (1998). 天安门：知识分子与中国革命. Beijing: 中央编译出版社. p. 1.
  20. ^ a b c Hua, Sha (28 December 2021). "China Scholar Jonathan Spence Dies at Age 85". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  21. ^ 藍孝威; 李欣恬 (28 December 2021). "美着名汉学家史景迁逝世 享寿85岁 - 两岸要闻". 中时新闻网 China Times (in Chinese). Retrieved 1 January 2022. 史景遷的博士論文指導教授、中國史專家房兆楹為他取的中文名字「史景遷」，寓意「學史者當景仰司馬遷」。
  22. ^ Skinner, David (2010). Jonathan Spence Biography, National Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved 14 September 2014.
  23. ^ "Annping Chin, Senior Lecturer Emeritus". history.yale.edu. Department of History, Yale University. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  24. ^ a b Genzlinger, Neil (27 December 2021). "Jonathan Spence, Noted China Scholar, Dies at 85". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  25. ^ Spence, Jonathan D. (2013). The Search for Modern China (Third ed.). New York: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-393-93451-9.
  26. ^ Spence, Jonathan D. (1988). Tsʻao Yin and the Kʻang-hsi Emperor: Bondservant and Master – Jonathan D. Spence – Google Boeken. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-04277-1. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  27. ^ Goodrich, L. Carrington (January 1970). "To Change China: Western advisers in China 1620–1960. By Spence Jonathan. [Boston: Little Brown & Co., 1969. 335 pp. $7.95.]". The China Quarterly. 41: 146–148. doi:10.1017/S0305741000034834. ISSN 1468-2648. S2CID 153767635. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  28. ^ Spence, Jonathan D. (25 July 2012). Emperor of China: Self-Portrait of K'ang-Hsi – Jonathan D. Spence – Google Boeken. Knopf Doubleday Publishing. ISBN 978-0-307-82306-9. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  29. ^ Spence, Jonathan D. (1979). The Death of Woman Wang. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 014005121X.
  30. ^ Robinson, Paul (25 November 1984). "Ming Mnemonics". Book Review Desk. The New York Times. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  31. ^ "The Faith Yes, Europe No : THE QUESTION OF HU by Jonathan D. Spence (Alfred A. Knopf: $18.95;187 pp.; 0-394-57190-8)". Los Angeles Times. 20 November 1988.
  32. ^ Lee, Lily Xiao Hong (1994). "Chinese Roundabout: Essays in History and Culture (Review)". China Review International. 1 (2): 262–266. doi:10.1353/cri.1994.0071. S2CID 144067305.
  33. ^ Pye, Lucian W. (1982). "The Gate of Heavenly Peace: The Chinese and their Revolution, 1895–1980. By Jonathan D. Spence. [New York: The Viking Press1981. 465 pp. $19.95; London: Faber, 1982. £11·50.]". The China Quarterly. 90: 302–304. doi:10.1017/S0305741000000382. S2CID 154391752.
  34. ^ "Nonfiction Book Review: The Chan's Great Continent: China in Western Minds by Jonathan D. Spence, Author W. W. Norton & Company $27.5 (279p) ISBN 978-0-393-02747-1". September 1998.
  35. ^ Wu, Qingyun (1997). "Reviewed work: God's Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan, Jonathan D. Spence". Utopian Studies. 8 (1): 234–236. JSTOR 20719667.
  36. ^ Pyemay/June 2000, Lucian W. (28 January 2009). "Mao: A Life; Mao Zedong". Foreign Affairs.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  37. ^ Spence, Jonathan D. (2006). Treason by the Book. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-102779-7.
  38. ^ Bernstein, Richard (9 March 2001). "BOOKS OF THE TIMES; Envy, Imperialism and Intrigue in 18th-Century China". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  39. ^ Spence, Jonathan D. (28 June 2007). "The Dream of Catholic China". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 1 January 2022.

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