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{{Short description|American sociologist}}
{{Short description|American sociologist}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|image = Ralph W Larkin.JPG
| image = Ralph W Larkin.JPG
|image_size = 150px
| image_size = 210px
|caption=Ralph Larkin in 2005
| caption = Larkin in 2005
|name = Ralph W. Larkin
| name = Ralph W. Larkin
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1940|5|27}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1940|5|27}}
|birth_place = [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], [[California]]
| birth_place = [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]], [[California]], U.S.
|death_date =
| death_date =
|death_place =
| death_place =
| ethnicity =
|residence = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
|citizenship = American
| field = [[Sociology]]
| work_institutions = [[Rutgers University]]<br />[[City University of New York]]<br />[[University of California, Los Angeles]]
|nationality = {{USA}}
| alma_mater = [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br />[[California State University at Northridge]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])<br />[[University of California, Los Angeles]] ([[PhD]])
|ethnicity =
| doctoral_advisor =
|field = [[Sociology]]
| doctoral_students =
|work_institutions = [[John Jay College of Criminal Justice]], [[City University of New York]]<br />Graduate School of Education, [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]]
| known_for = ''Suburban Youth in Cultural Crisis'' (1979)<br />''Beyond Revolution: A New Theory of Social Movements'' (1986)<br />''Comprehending Columbine'' (2007)
|alma_mater = [[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]], [[Ph.D.]]<br />[[California State University at Northridge|Cal State Northridge]], [[Master of Arts|M.A.]]<br />[[University of California, Santa Barbara|UCSB]], [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]]
| author_abbrev_bot =
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| author_abbrev_zoo =
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| influences =
|known_for = ''Comprehending Columbine'' (2007)<br /> ''Beyond Revolution: A New Theory of Social Movements'' (1986)<br /> ''Suburban Youth in Cultural Crisis'' (1979)
| influenced =
|author_abbrev_bot =
| prizes =
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| footnotes =
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'''Ralph Wild Larkin''' (born May 27, 1940) is an American [[sociologist]] and research consultant. He is the author of ''Suburban Youth in Cultural Crisis'' (1979), ''Beyond Revolution: A New Theory of Social Movements'' (1986), and ''Comprehending Columbine'' (2007).<ref>{{cite book | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Suburban Youth in Cultural Crisis | publisher =[[Oxford University Press]] | date =October 18, 1979 | page =[https://archive.org/details/suburbanyouthinc0000lark/page/272 272] | url =https://archive.org/details/suburbanyouthinc0000lark/page/272 | isbn =0-19-502523-7 }}</ref><ref name="beyondrevolution">{{cite book | last =Foss | first =Daniel A. | author2 =Ralph Larkin | title =Beyond Revolution: A New Theory of Social Movements (Critical Perspectives in Social Theory) | publisher =Bergin & Garvey | date =March 31, 1986 | page =[https://archive.org/details/beyondrevolution0000foss/page/192 192] | url =https://archive.org/details/beyondrevolution0000foss/page/192 | isbn =0-89789-077-9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Comprehending Columbine | publisher =[[Temple University Press]] | date =January 28, 2007 | page =272 | isbn = 978-1-59213-491-5}}</ref> He obtained his [[Bachelor of Arts|bachelor's degree]] from the [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] and received a [[master's degree]] in education from [[California State University at Northridge]].
'''Ralph Wild Larkin''' (born May 27, 1940) is an American [[sociologist]] and research consultant. He is the author of ''Suburban Youth in Cultural Crisis'' (1979), ''Beyond Revolution: A New Theory of Social Movements'' (1986), and ''Comprehending Columbine'' (2007).<ref>{{cite book | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Suburban Youth in Cultural Crisis | publisher =[[Oxford University Press]] | date =October 18, 1979 | page =[https://archive.org/details/suburbanyouthinc0000lark/page/272 272] | url =https://archive.org/details/suburbanyouthinc0000lark/page/272 | isbn =0-19-502523-7 }}</ref><ref name="beyondrevolution">{{cite book | last =Foss | first =Daniel A. | author2 =Ralph Larkin | title =Beyond Revolution: A New Theory of Social Movements (Critical Perspectives in Social Theory) | publisher =Bergin & Garvey | date =March 31, 1986 | page =[https://archive.org/details/beyondrevolution0000foss/page/192 192] | url =https://archive.org/details/beyondrevolution0000foss/page/192 | isbn =0-89789-077-9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Comprehending Columbine | publisher =[[Temple University Press]] | date =January 28, 2007 | page =272 | isbn = 978-1-59213-491-5}}</ref> He obtained his [[Bachelor of Arts|bachelor's degree]] from the [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] and received a [[master's degree]] in education from [[California State University at Northridge]].


In 1969 he received a [[Ph.D.]] in Sociology of Education from the [[University of California, Los Angeles]], and he taught [[sociology]] at [[Rutgers University, Newark]] in 1973. He met fellow sociologist [[Daniel Foss|Daniel A. Foss]] while teaching at Rutgers, and they later partnered in researching social movements. They co-authored a book together on social movements, and have jointly published studies in [[academic journal]]s including ''[[Theory & Society]]'', ''Sociological Analysis'', and ''[[Social Text]]''. Larkin is a senior research associate and adjunct professor at the [[John Jay College of Criminal Justice]], [[City University of New York]], and owns his own consulting firm called Academic Research Consulting Service.
In 1969, Larkin received a [[Ph.D.]] in the [[sociology of education]] from the [[University of California, Los Angeles]], subsequently teaching [[sociology]] at [[Rutgers University, Newark]], in 1973. He met fellow sociologist [[Daniel Foss|Daniel A. Foss]] while teaching at Rutgers, and they later partnered in researching social movements. They co-authored a book together on social movements, and have jointly published studies in [[academic journal]]s including ''[[Theory & Society]]'', ''Sociological Analysis'', and ''[[Social Text]]''. Larkin is a senior research associate and adjunct professor at the [[John Jay College of Criminal Justice]], [[City University of New York]], and owns his own consulting firm called Academic Research Consulting Service.


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Larkin was born in [[Los Angeles, California]] on May 27, 1940, and obtained his [[Bachelor of Arts|bachelor's degree]] from the [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] in 1961.<ref name="beyondrevolution" /> After teaching elementary school in California, Larkin obtained a [[master's degree]] in education from [[California State University at Northridge]] in 1966, and received his [[Ph.D.]] in Sociology of Education from the [[University of California, Los Angeles]], in 1969.<ref name="beyondrevolution" /> In 1970, Larkin moved to [[New York City|New York]] and worked as a research associate at the Center for Urban Education.<ref name="beyondrevolution" /> He became an Assistant Professor of Sociology at [[Rutgers University]] in 1973.<ref name="beyondrevolution" />
Larkin was born in [[Los Angeles, California]], on May 27, 1940, and obtained his [[Bachelor of Arts|bachelor's degree]] from the [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] in 1961.<ref name="beyondrevolution" /> After teaching elementary school in California, Larkin obtained a [[master's degree]] in education from [[California State University at Northridge]] in 1966, and received his [[Ph.D.]] in Sociology of Education from the [[University of California, Los Angeles]], in 1969.<ref name="beyondrevolution" /> In 1970, Larkin moved to [[New York City|New York]] and worked as a research associate at the Center for Urban Education.<ref name="beyondrevolution" /> He became an Assistant Professor of Sociology at [[Rutgers University]] in 1973.<ref name="beyondrevolution" />


==Career==
==Career==
Line 42: Line 39:


===Teaching===
===Teaching===
Larkin has taught coursework in the Department of Sociology at the Newark College of Arts and Science of Rutgers University, and was also a research associate at the Center for the Study of Evaluation, [[University of California, Los Angeles]] Graduate School of Education.<ref>{{cite journal | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Social Exchange in the Elementary School Classroom: The Problem of Teacher Legitimation of Social Power | journal =Sociology of Education | volume =48 | issue =4 | pages =400–410 | publisher = American Sociological Association| date =Autumn 1975| doi =10.2307/2112257 | jstor = 2112257 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Pattern Maintenance and Change in Education | journal =The Teachers College Record | volume =72 | issue =1 | pages =111–120 | publisher =[[Teachers College]], [[Columbia University]] | year =1970 }}</ref> After the publication of his work ''Comprehending Columbine'' (which discussed possible cultural and societal causes for the [[Columbine High School massacre]]), Larkin was contacted by the press for comment on the massacre, and discussed a judge's decision to seal information and tapes containing information about the killers.<ref name="weller">{{cite news | last =Weller | first =Robert | title =Eight years after Columbine, relatives still seek answers | work =The Virginian Pilot-Ledger Star | page = A19 | date =April 21, 2007 }}</ref> "The judge said the tapes were incendiary. We have plenty of things already that stimulate violence," said Larkin.<ref name="weller" /> Prior to writing the book, Larkin had given a seminar at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice's Center on Terrorism, entitled: "From Oklahoma City to Columbine: Paramilitary Influences on []Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold]]."<ref>{{cite news | last =Staff | title =Friday Seminar Series | work =Center on Terrorism | publisher =[[John Jay College of Criminal Justice]] | date =December 5, 2003 | url =http://www.jjay.cuny.edu/terrorism/_fss.asp | access-date = 2007-11-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070425173020/http://www.jjay.cuny.edu/terrorism/_fss.asp |archive-date = April 25, 2007}}</ref> Larkin is an adjunct professor at the [[John Jay College of Criminal Justice]], [[City University of New York]]. He ran his own consulting firm called Academic Research Consulting Service for 25 years.<ref>{{cite news | last =Staff | title =Open Letter on Immigrants and Crime | work =American Immigration Law Foundation | date =July 2, 2007 | url =http://www.ailf.org/ipc/ipc_openletter0507.shtml | access-date = 2009-05-12 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080120131525/http://www.ailf.org/ipc/ipc_openletter0507.shtml |archive-date = 2008-01-20}} (archived at [[Internet Archive]])</ref><ref>{{cite news | last =Staff | title =Departments: Members' New Books | work =Footnotes | pages =Volume 35, Number 5 | publisher =[[American Sociological Association]] | date =May–June 2007 | url =http://www.asanet.org/footnotes/mayjun07/departments.html | access-date = 2007-11-11 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last =Staff | title =Ralph W. Larkin: Comprehending Columbine | work =[[Temple University Press]] | publisher = [[Temple University]] | year =2007 | url =http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/1846_reg.html | access-date = 2007-11-11}}</ref>
Larkin has taught coursework in the Department of Sociology at the Newark College of Arts and Science of Rutgers University, and was also a research associate at the Center for the Study of Evaluation, [[University of California, Los Angeles]] Graduate School of Education.<ref>{{cite journal | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Social Exchange in the Elementary School Classroom: The Problem of Teacher Legitimation of Social Power | journal =Sociology of Education | volume =48 | issue =4 | pages =400–410 | publisher = American Sociological Association| date =Autumn 1975| doi =10.2307/2112257 | jstor = 2112257 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Pattern Maintenance and Change in Education | journal =The Teachers College Record | volume =72 | issue =1 | pages =111–120 | publisher =[[Teachers College]], [[Columbia University]] | year =1970 | doi =10.1177/016146817007200111 | s2cid =150385631 }}</ref> After the publication of his work ''Comprehending Columbine'' (which discussed possible cultural and societal causes for the [[Columbine High School massacre]]), Larkin was contacted by the press for comment on the massacre, and discussed a judge's decision to seal information and tapes containing information about the killers.<ref name="weller">{{cite news | last =Weller | first =Robert | title =Eight years after Columbine, relatives still seek answers | work =The Virginian Pilot-Ledger Star | page = A19 | date =April 21, 2007 }}</ref> "The judge said the tapes were incendiary. We have plenty of things already that stimulate violence," said Larkin.<ref name="weller" /> Prior to writing the book, Larkin had given a seminar at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice's Center on Terrorism, entitled: "From Oklahoma City to Columbine: Paramilitary Influences on [[Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold]]."<ref>{{cite news | last =Staff | title =Friday Seminar Series | work =Center on Terrorism | publisher =[[John Jay College of Criminal Justice]] | date =December 5, 2003 | url =http://www.jjay.cuny.edu/terrorism/_fss.asp | access-date = 2007-11-11 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070425173020/http://www.jjay.cuny.edu/terrorism/_fss.asp |archive-date = April 25, 2007}}</ref> Larkin is an adjunct professor at the [[John Jay College of Criminal Justice]], [[City University of New York]]. He ran his own consulting firm called Academic Research Consulting Service for 25 years.<ref>{{cite news | last =Staff | title =Open Letter on Immigrants and Crime | work =American Immigration Law Foundation | date =July 2, 2007 | url =http://www.ailf.org/ipc/ipc_openletter0507.shtml | access-date = 2009-05-12 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080120131525/http://www.ailf.org/ipc/ipc_openletter0507.shtml |archive-date = 2008-01-20}} (archived at [[Internet Archive]])</ref><ref>{{cite news | last =Staff | title =Departments: Members' New Books | work =Footnotes | pages =Volume 35, Number 5 | publisher =[[American Sociological Association]] | date =May–June 2007 | url =http://www.asanet.org/footnotes/mayjun07/departments.html | access-date = 2007-11-11 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last =Staff | title =Ralph W. Larkin: Comprehending Columbine | work =[[Temple University Press]] | publisher = [[Temple University]] | year =2007 | url =http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/1846_reg.html | access-date = 2007-11-11}}</ref>


==Published works==
==Published works==
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*{{cite journal | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Contextual Influences on Teacher Leadership Styles | journal =Sociology of Education | volume =46 | issue =4 | pages =471–479 | publisher = American Sociological Association| date =Autumn 1973| doi =10.2307/2111900 | jstor = 2111900 }}
*{{cite journal | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Contextual Influences on Teacher Leadership Styles | journal =Sociology of Education | volume =46 | issue =4 | pages =471–479 | publisher = American Sociological Association| date =Autumn 1973| doi =10.2307/2111900 | jstor = 2111900 }}
*{{cite journal | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Class, Race, Sex and Preadolescent Attitudes | journal =California Journal of Educational Research | volume =23 | issue =5 | pages =213–23 | date =November 1972 }}
*{{cite journal | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Class, Race, Sex and Preadolescent Attitudes | journal =California Journal of Educational Research | volume =23 | issue =5 | pages =213–23 | date =November 1972 }}
*{{cite journal | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Pattern Maintenance and Change in Education | journal =The Teachers College Record | volume =72 | issue =1 | pages =111–120 | publisher =[[Teachers College, Columbia University]] | year =1970 }}
*{{cite journal | last =Larkin | first =Ralph W. | title =Pattern Maintenance and Change in Education | journal =The Teachers College Record | volume =72 | issue =1 | pages =111–120 | publisher =[[Teachers College, Columbia University]] | year =1970 | doi =10.1177/016146817007200111 | s2cid =150385631 }}


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 02:47, 6 May 2023

Ralph W. Larkin
Larkin in 2005
Born (1940-05-27) May 27, 1940 (age 84)
Alma materUniversity of California, Santa Barbara (BA)
California State University at Northridge (MA)
University of California, Los Angeles (PhD)
Known forSuburban Youth in Cultural Crisis (1979)
Beyond Revolution: A New Theory of Social Movements (1986)
Comprehending Columbine (2007)
Scientific career
FieldsSociology
InstitutionsRutgers University
City University of New York
University of California, Los Angeles

Ralph Wild Larkin (born May 27, 1940) is an American sociologist and research consultant. He is the author of Suburban Youth in Cultural Crisis (1979), Beyond Revolution: A New Theory of Social Movements (1986), and Comprehending Columbine (2007).[1][2][3] He obtained his bachelor's degree from the University of California, Santa Barbara and received a master's degree in education from California State University at Northridge.

In 1969, Larkin received a Ph.D. in the sociology of education from the University of California, Los Angeles, subsequently teaching sociology at Rutgers University, Newark, in 1973. He met fellow sociologist Daniel A. Foss while teaching at Rutgers, and they later partnered in researching social movements. They co-authored a book together on social movements, and have jointly published studies in academic journals including Theory & Society, Sociological Analysis, and Social Text. Larkin is a senior research associate and adjunct professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, and owns his own consulting firm called Academic Research Consulting Service.

Early life and education

[edit]

Larkin was born in Los Angeles, California, on May 27, 1940, and obtained his bachelor's degree from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1961.[2] After teaching elementary school in California, Larkin obtained a master's degree in education from California State University at Northridge in 1966, and received his Ph.D. in Sociology of Education from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1969.[2] In 1970, Larkin moved to New York and worked as a research associate at the Center for Urban Education.[2] He became an Assistant Professor of Sociology at Rutgers University in 1973.[2]

Career

[edit]

Research on social movements

[edit]

Larkin met fellow sociologist Daniel A. Foss when they were both teaching Sociology at Rutgers University.[2] They have frequently partnered in research on the study of social movements.[2][4][5] The book Beyond Revolution: A New Theory of Social Movements was co-authored with Foss.[2] Larkin and Foss have also jointly published research in sociology journals, including a piece on the white middle class youth movement of the 1960s and its relationship to later movements such as the Children of God, the Divine Light Mission, Swami Muktananda and the Revolutionary Youth Movement in Theory and Society.[4] They later wrote a more focused article dealing with Guru Maharaj Ji and his followers, which was published in Sociological Analysis, and a piece dealing with the vocabulary utilized in these social movements, in Social Text.[5][6] Larkin and Foss' research has later been cited by books on both the 1960s subculture, and on movements of social change such as the middle class youth movement and other forms of counterculture and subculture.[7][8][9][10]

Teaching

[edit]

Larkin has taught coursework in the Department of Sociology at the Newark College of Arts and Science of Rutgers University, and was also a research associate at the Center for the Study of Evaluation, University of California, Los Angeles Graduate School of Education.[11][12] After the publication of his work Comprehending Columbine (which discussed possible cultural and societal causes for the Columbine High School massacre), Larkin was contacted by the press for comment on the massacre, and discussed a judge's decision to seal information and tapes containing information about the killers.[13] "The judge said the tapes were incendiary. We have plenty of things already that stimulate violence," said Larkin.[13] Prior to writing the book, Larkin had given a seminar at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice's Center on Terrorism, entitled: "From Oklahoma City to Columbine: Paramilitary Influences on Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold."[14] Larkin is an adjunct professor at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York. He ran his own consulting firm called Academic Research Consulting Service for 25 years.[15][16][17]

Published works

[edit]

Books

[edit]
  • Larkin, Ralph W. (January 28, 2007). Comprehending Columbine. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-59213-491-5.
  • Foss, Daniel A.; Ralph Larkin (March 31, 1986). Beyond Revolution: A New Theory of Social Movements (Critical Perspectives in Social Theory). Bergin & Garvey. ISBN 0-89789-077-9.
  • Larkin, Ralph W. (October 18, 1979). Suburban Youth in Cultural Crisis. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502523-7.

Articles

[edit]
  • Larkin, Ralph W. (2009). "The Columbine legacy: Rampage shootings as political acts". American Behavioral Scientist. 52 (9): 1309–1326. doi:10.1177/0002764209332548. S2CID 144049077.
  • Larkin, Ralph W. (November 1, 1988). "Lurching Toward the Millennium: Youth in the Next Decade". The World & I Online (Modern Thought / Children of the Baby Boomers: Prospects for the Future).
  • Larkin, Ralph; Daniel Foss (Spring–Summer 1984). "Lexicon of Folk-Etymology". Social Text. 9/10 (The 60's without Apology). Duke University Press: 360–377. doi:10.2307/466589. JSTOR 466589.
  • Foss, Daniel A.; Ralph W. Larkin (1979). "The Roar of the Lemming: Youth Postmovement Groups, and the Life Construction Crisis". Sociological Inquiry. 49 (2–3). Blackwell Publishing Ltd: 264–85. doi:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1979.tb00375.x.
  • Larkin, Ralph W.; Daniel A. Foss (Summer 1978). "Worshiping the Absurd: The Negation of Social Causality among the Followers of Guru Maharaj Ji". Sociological Analysis. 39 (2). Oxford University Press: 157–164. doi:10.2307/3710215. JSTOR 3710215.
  • Larkin, Ralph W.; Daniel A. Foss (March 1976). "From "the gates of Eden" to "day of the locust"". Theory and Society. 3 (1): 45–64. doi:10.1007/BF00158479. ISSN 0304-2421. S2CID 140396408.
  • Larkin, Ralph W. (Autumn 1975). "Social Exchange in the Elementary School Classroom: The Problem of Teacher Legitimation of Social Power". Sociology of Education. 48 (4). American Sociological Association: 400–410. doi:10.2307/2112257. JSTOR 2112257.
  • Larkin, Ralph W. (Autumn 1973). "Contextual Influences on Teacher Leadership Styles". Sociology of Education. 46 (4). American Sociological Association: 471–479. doi:10.2307/2111900. JSTOR 2111900.
  • Larkin, Ralph W. (November 1972). "Class, Race, Sex and Preadolescent Attitudes". California Journal of Educational Research. 23 (5): 213–23.
  • Larkin, Ralph W. (1970). "Pattern Maintenance and Change in Education". The Teachers College Record. 72 (1). Teachers College, Columbia University: 111–120. doi:10.1177/016146817007200111. S2CID 150385631.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Larkin, Ralph W. (October 18, 1979). Suburban Youth in Cultural Crisis. Oxford University Press. p. 272. ISBN 0-19-502523-7.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Foss, Daniel A.; Ralph Larkin (March 31, 1986). Beyond Revolution: A New Theory of Social Movements (Critical Perspectives in Social Theory). Bergin & Garvey. p. 192. ISBN 0-89789-077-9.
  3. ^ Larkin, Ralph W. (January 28, 2007). Comprehending Columbine. Temple University Press. p. 272. ISBN 978-1-59213-491-5.
  4. ^ a b Larkin, Ralph W.; Daniel A. Foss (March 1976). "From "the gates of Eden" to "day of the locust"". Theory and Society. 3 (1): 45–64. doi:10.1007/BF00158479. ISSN 0304-2421. S2CID 140396408.
  5. ^ a b Larkin, Ralph W.; Daniel A. Foss (Summer 1978). "Worshiping the Absurd: The Negation of Social Causality among the Followers of Guru Maharaj Ji". Sociological Analysis. 39 (2). Oxford University Press: 157–164. doi:10.2307/3710215. JSTOR 3710215.
  6. ^ Larkin, Ralph; Daniel Foss (Spring–Summer 1984). "Lexicon of Folk-Etymology". Social Text. 9/10 (9). Duke University Press: 360–377, The 60's without Apology. doi:10.2307/466589. JSTOR 466589.
  7. ^ Grunenberg, Christoph; Jonathan Harris (2005). Summer of Love: Psychedelic Art, Social Crisis and Counterculture in the 1960s. Liverpool University Press. p. 35. ISBN 0-85323-929-0.
  8. ^ Jordan, Tim; Steve Pile (2002). Social Change. Blackwell Publishing. p. 358. ISBN 0-631-23312-1.
  9. ^ McKay, George (1996). Senseless Acts of Beauty: Cultures of Resistance Since the Sixties. Vero. pp. 4, 12–13, 82, 187, 197. ISBN 1-85984-908-3.
  10. ^ Falk, Ursula A.; Gerhard Falk (2005). Youth Culture and the Generation Gap. Algora Publishing. p. 188. ISBN 0-87586-369-8.
  11. ^ Larkin, Ralph W. (Autumn 1975). "Social Exchange in the Elementary School Classroom: The Problem of Teacher Legitimation of Social Power". Sociology of Education. 48 (4). American Sociological Association: 400–410. doi:10.2307/2112257. JSTOR 2112257.
  12. ^ Larkin, Ralph W. (1970). "Pattern Maintenance and Change in Education". The Teachers College Record. 72 (1). Teachers College, Columbia University: 111–120. doi:10.1177/016146817007200111. S2CID 150385631.
  13. ^ a b Weller, Robert (April 21, 2007). "Eight years after Columbine, relatives still seek answers". The Virginian Pilot-Ledger Star. p. A19.
  14. ^ Staff (December 5, 2003). "Friday Seminar Series". Center on Terrorism. John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Archived from the original on April 25, 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  15. ^ Staff (July 2, 2007). "Open Letter on Immigrants and Crime". American Immigration Law Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-01-20. Retrieved 2009-05-12. (archived at Internet Archive)
  16. ^ Staff (May–June 2007). "Departments: Members' New Books". Footnotes. American Sociological Association. pp. Volume 35, Number 5. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
  17. ^ Staff (2007). "Ralph W. Larkin: Comprehending Columbine". Temple University Press. Temple University. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
[edit]