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'''Tom Jefferson''' is a British epidemiologist,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Tom Jefferson - Senior Clinical Tutor at University of Oxford |url=https://drtomjefferson.com/ |access-date=2022-06-18 |website=Tom Jefferson |language=en-US}}</ref> based in [[Rome, Italy]],<ref name=atlantic>{{cite web | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/11/does-the-vaccine-matter/307723/ | title=Does the Vaccine Matter? | work=The Atlantic | date=1 November 2009 | accessdate=8 December 2014 | author=Brownlee, Shannon}}</ref> who works for the [[Cochrane Collaboration]]. Jefferson is an author and editor of the Cochrane Collaboration's acute respiratory infections group, as well as part of four other Cochrane groups.<ref name=Cochrane2011>{{cite web | url=http://www.cochrane.org/features/spotlight-cochrane-acute-respiratory-infections-review-group | title=Spotlight on the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Review Group | work=Cochrane Collaboration | date=17 August 2011 | accessdate=8 December 2014}}</ref> He is also an advisor to the Italian National Agency for Regional Health Services.<ref name=Cochrane2011/>
'''Tom Jefferson''' is a British epidemiologist,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Tom Jefferson - Senior Clinical Tutor at University of Oxford |url=https://drtomjefferson.com/ |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=Tom Jefferson |language=en-US}}</ref> based in [[Rome, Italy]],<ref name=atlantic>{{cite web | url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2009/11/does-the-vaccine-matter/307723/ | title=Does the Vaccine Matter? | work=The Atlantic | date=1 November 2009 | accessdate=8 December 2014 | author=Brownlee, Shannon}}</ref> who works for the [[Cochrane Collaboration]]. Jefferson is an author and editor of the Cochrane Collaboration's acute respiratory infections group, as well as part of four other Cochrane groups.<ref name=Cochrane2011>{{cite web | url=http://www.cochrane.org/features/spotlight-cochrane-acute-respiratory-infections-review-group | title=Spotlight on the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Review Group | work=Cochrane Collaboration | date=17 August 2011 | accessdate=8 December 2014}}</ref> He was also an advisor to the Italian National Agency for Regional Health Services. {{dead link|date=February 2023}}<ref name=Cochrane2011/>


In 1999, Jefferson was one of the founding members of the [[Brighton Collaboration]] along with Harald Heijbel, Ulrich Heininger, and Elisabeth Loupi.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=History of Brighton Collaboration|url=https://brightoncollaboration.us/about/history/|accessdate=6 July 2020|website=Brighton Collaboration}}</ref> He has worked on Cochrane reviews examining the effectiveness of the anti-viral [[oseltamivir]] and the [[influenza vaccine]].<ref name=NYT2013>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/30/business/breaking-the-seal-on-drug-research.html?pagewanted=all | title=Breaking the Seal on Drug Research | work=New York Times | date=30 June 2013 | accessdate=8 December 2014 | author=Thomas, Katie}}</ref>
In 1999, Jefferson was one of the founding members of the [[Brighton Collaboration]] along with Harald Heijbel, Ulrich Heininger, Robert Chen, and Elisabeth Loupi.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=History of Brighton Collaboration|url=https://brightoncollaboration.us/about/history/|accessdate=6 July 2020|website=Brighton Collaboration}}</ref> He has worked on Cochrane reviews examining the effectiveness of the anti-viral [[oseltamivir]] and the [[influenza vaccine]].<ref name=NYT2013>{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/30/business/breaking-the-seal-on-drug-research.html?pagewanted=all | title=Breaking the Seal on Drug Research | work=New York Times | date=30 June 2013 | accessdate=8 December 2014 | author=Thomas, Katie}}</ref>


==Notable work==
==Notable work==
In 2009, Jefferson was hired by the governments of Britain and Australia to update a [[systematic review]] of [[oseltamivir]].<ref name=NYT2013/> Initially he had a great deal of trouble getting results of the original trials.<ref name=NYT2013/> Previous researchers had published trials without seeing the underlying data and it appeared that some of the published papers used [[ghost writers]].<ref name=NYT2013/> As the company, [[Hoffmann-La Roche|Roche]], that did the trials refused to provide data for independent analysis, their conclusions in 2009 were that benefits could not be shown.<ref name=NYT2013/>
In 2009, Jefferson was hired by the governments of Britain and Australia to update a [[systematic review]] of [[oseltamivir]].<ref name=NYT2013/> Initially he had a great deal of trouble getting results of the original trials.<ref name= NYT2013/> Previous researchers had published trials without seeing the underlying data and it appeared that some of the published papers used [[ghost writers]].<ref name=NYT2013/> As the company, [[Hoffmann-La Roche|Roche]], that did the trials refused to provide data for independent analysis, their conclusions in 2009 were that benefits could not be shown.<ref name=NYT2013/>


In 2011, Jefferson's team was provided 22,000 pages of data from the [[European Medicines Agency]] and Roche eventually provided 3,000 pages of data.<ref name=NYT2013/> In 2012, Jefferson was the lead author of another Cochrane review of this data which concluded that oseltamivir did not reduce the number of hospitalizations caused by influenza. Jefferson said that this review also found no evidence that oseltamivir stopped complications from the disease.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.foxnews.com/health/2012/01/18/researchers-claim-inadequate-research-to-support-anti-influenza-drug/ | title=Researchers claim inadequate research to support anti-influenza drug | work=Fox News | date=18 January 2012 | accessdate=8 December 2014 | author=Grush, Loren}}</ref> The review is considered a landmark and is posted on the James Lind Library website<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atkinson |first=Patricia |date=2014-05-06 |title=Jefferson T, Jones MA, Doshi P, Del Mar CB, Hama R, Thompson MJ, Spencer EA, Onakpoya I, Mahtani KR, Nunan D, Howick J, Heneghan CJ (2014). |url=https://www.jameslindlibrary.org/jefferson-t-jones-ma-doshi-p-del-mar-cb-hama-r-thompson-mj-spencer-ea-onakpoya-i-mahtani-kr-nunan-d-howick-j-heneghan-cj-2014/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=The James Lind Library |language=en-GB}}</ref> which illustrates the development of fair tests of healthcare.
In 2011, Jefferson's team was provided 22,000 pages of data from the [[European Medicines Agency]] and Roche eventually provided 3,000 pages of data.<ref name=NYT2013 /> In 2012, Jefferson was the lead author of another Cochrane review of this data which concluded that oseltamivir did not reduce the number of hospitalizations caused by influenza. Jefferson said that this review also found no evidence that oseltamivir stopped complications from the disease.<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.foxnews.com/health/researchers-claim-inadequate-research-to-support-anti-influenza-drug/ | title= Researchers claim inadequate research to support anti-influenza drug | work=Fox News | date=18 January 2012 | access-date= 8 December 2014 | last = Grush | first = Loren}}</ref> The review is considered a landmark and is posted on the James Lind Library website<ref>{{Citation |date= 2014-05-06 | last =Jefferson | first = T | others = Jones MA, Doshi P, Del Mar CB, Hama R, Thompson MJ, Spencer EA, Onakpoya I, Mahtani KR, Nunan D, Howick J, Heneghan CJ | title = Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children | work = Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 4 | id = CD008965 | DOI = 10.1002/14651858.CD008965.pub4 |url= https://www.jameslindlibrary.org/jefferson-t-jones-ma-doshi-p-del-mar-cb-hama-r-thompson-mj-spencer-ea-onakpoya-i-mahtani-kr-nunan-d-howick-j-heneghan-cj-2014/ |access-date= 2022-09-08 | via = The James Lind Library |language=en-GB| pmc = 6464969 }}</ref> which illustrates the development of fair tests of healthcare.


Jefferson is the lead author of a suite of Cochrane reviews on antivirals, influenza vaccines and physical interventions to interrupt the spread of acute respiratory infections. The reviews are either kept up to date<ref>{{Cite web |title=CEBM BLOGS & MEDIA ARTICLES |url=https://drtomjefferson.com/cebm-blogs-media-articles/ |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=Tom Jefferson |language=en-US}}</ref> or stabilized, meaning no new evidence is likely to become available. The earliest review date from 1996 and the latest is the fourth update of the physical interventions review (2020, currently undergoing its fifth update)
Jefferson is the lead author of a suite of Cochrane reviews on antivirals, influenza vaccines and physical interventions to interrupt the spread of acute respiratory infections. The reviews are either kept up to date<ref>{{Cite web |title= CEBM blogs & media articles |url=https://drtomjefferson.com/cebm-blogs-media-articles/#TOSC |access-date=2022-09-08 |website= dr. Tom Jefferson}}</ref> or stabilized, meaning no new evidence is likely to become available. The earliest review date from 1996 and the latest is the fourth update of the physical interventions review (2020, currently undergoing its fifth update).


Jefferson has also reviewed the evidence of effects of editorial and grant giving peer review and co-written several reviews and topics on this subject.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Editorial and Grant Peer Review |url= https://drtomjefferson.com/publications-reports/ |access-date=2022-06-18 |website=Tom Jefferson}}</ref> Currently he is assessing the evidence of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens and is co-editor of the [[Substack]] publication website ''Trust The Evidence''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heneghan |first=Carl |title=Trust the Evidence |url= https://trusttheevidence.substack.com/ |access-date=2022-09-18 |website= Substack}}</ref> In his latest publication Jefferson and his fellows have concluded the presence of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 on [[Fomite|fomites]], using evidence from viral culture studies.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Onakpoya |first1= Igho J. |last2= Heneghan |first2= Carl J. |last3= Spencer |first3=Elizabeth A. |last4=Brassey |first4=Jon |last5= Rosca |first5=Elena C. |last6= Maltoni |first6= Susanna |last7=Plüddemann |first7=Annette |last8=Evans |first8=David H. |last9= Conly |first9=John M. |last10= Jefferson |first10= Tom |date= 2022-09-13 |title= Viral Cultures for Assessing Fomite Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |url= https://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195-6701(22)00283-3/abstract |journal= Journal of Hospital Infection |volume= 130 |pages=63–94 |doi=10.1016/j.jhin.2022.09.007 |issn= 0195-6701 |pmid= 36115620 |pmc= 9473144}}</ref>
His views about the effectiveness of influenza vaccines and his outspokenness about them are at times considered controversial. At a 2007 meeting on pandemic preparedness he was ostracized by some of the other vaccine researchers.<ref name=atlantic/> Reviews led by Jefferson have concluded that there is insufficient evidence to show that influenza vaccines reduce mortality or infection rates.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1967306,00.html | title=Do Flu Vaccines Really Work? A Skeptic's View | magazine=Time | date=27 February 2010 | accessdate=8 December 2014 | author=Harrell, Eben}}</ref> He has said that the studies claiming large reductions in mortality rates as a result of the influenza vaccine are "rubbish",<ref name=atlantic/> and that "influenza vaccines are about marketing and not science".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/oct/05/government-wrong-nasal-spray-vaccine | title=Is the government wrong about giving children the nasal spray flu vaccine? | work=The Guardian | date=5 October 2014 | accessdate=25 January 2015 | author=Dillner, Luisa}}</ref> He has called repeatedly for placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials to prove the efficacy of flu vaccines, a position that some in the field hold as ethically fraught.<ref name=atlantic/> His views on flu vaccines are opposed by some members of medical establishment.<ref name=atlantic/>


A list of his publications and contributions is available on his personal website.<ref name=":1" />
==Publications==
==Publications==
* {{cite journal|last1=Jefferson|first1=T|last2=Alderson|first2=P|last3=Wager|first3=E|last4=Davidoff|first4=F|title=Effects of editorial peer review: a systematic review.|journal=JAMA|date=5 June 2002|volume=287|issue=21|pages=2784–6|pmid=12038911|doi=10.1001/jama.287.21.2784|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Jefferson|first1=T|last2=Alderson|first2=P|last3=Wager|first3=E|last4=Davidoff|first4=F|title=Effects of editorial peer review: a systematic review.|journal=JAMA|date=5 June 2002|volume=287|issue=21|pages=2784–6|pmid=12038911|doi=10.1001/jama.287.21.2784|doi-access=}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Jefferson|first1=T|last2=Wager|first2=E|last3=Davidoff|first3=F|title=Measuring the quality of editorial peer review.|journal=JAMA|date=5 June 2002|volume=287|issue=21|pages=2786–90|pmid=12038912|doi=10.1001/jama.287.21.2786|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Jefferson|first1=T|last2=Wager|first2=E|last3=Davidoff|first3=F|title=Measuring the quality of editorial peer review.|journal=JAMA|date=5 June 2002|volume=287|issue=21|pages=2786–90|pmid=12038912|doi=10.1001/jama.287.21.2786|doi-access=}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Jefferson|first1=T|last2=Di Pietrantonj|first2=C|last3=Debalini|first3=MG|last4=Rivetti|first4=A|last5=Demicheli|first5=V|title=Inactivated influenza vaccines: methods, policies, and politics.|journal=Journal of Clinical Epidemiology|date=July 2009|volume=62|issue=7|pages=677–86|pmid=19124222|doi=10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.07.001}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Jefferson|first1=T|last2=Di Pietrantonj|first2=C|last3=Debalini|first3=MG|last4=Rivetti|first4=A|last5=Demicheli|first5=V|title=Inactivated influenza vaccines: methods, policies, and politics.|journal=Journal of Clinical Epidemiology|date=July 2009|volume=62|issue=7|pages=677–86|pmid=19124222|doi=10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.07.001}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Jefferson|first1=T.|last2=Del Mar|first2=C.|last3=Dooley|first3=L.|last4=Ferroni|first4=E.|last5=Al-Ansary|first5=L. A|last6=Bawazeer|first6=G. A|last7=van Driel|first7=M. L|last8=Foxlee|first8=R.|last9=Rivetti|first9=A.|title=Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses: systematic review|journal=BMJ|date=22 September 2009|volume=339|issue=sep21 1|pages=77–80|doi=10.1136/bmj.b3675|pmid=18042961|pmc=2190272}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Jefferson|first1=T.|last2=Del Mar|first2=C.|last3=Dooley|first3=L.|last4=Ferroni|first4=E.|last5=Al-Ansary|first5=L. A|last6=Bawazeer|first6=G. A|last7=van Driel|first7=M. L|last8=Foxlee|first8=R.|last9=Rivetti|first9=A.|title=Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses: systematic review|journal=BMJ|date=22 September 2009|volume=339|issue=sep21 1|pages=77–80|doi=10.1136/bmj.b3675|pmid=18042961|pmc=2190272}}

Latest revision as of 02:59, 25 November 2024

Tom Jefferson
Education
Scientific career
Institutions

Tom Jefferson is a British epidemiologist,[1] based in Rome, Italy,[2] who works for the Cochrane Collaboration. Jefferson is an author and editor of the Cochrane Collaboration's acute respiratory infections group, as well as part of four other Cochrane groups.[3] He was also an advisor to the Italian National Agency for Regional Health Services. [dead link‍][3]

In 1999, Jefferson was one of the founding members of the Brighton Collaboration along with Harald Heijbel, Ulrich Heininger, Robert Chen, and Elisabeth Loupi.[4] He has worked on Cochrane reviews examining the effectiveness of the anti-viral oseltamivir and the influenza vaccine.[5]

Notable work

[edit]

In 2009, Jefferson was hired by the governments of Britain and Australia to update a systematic review of oseltamivir.[5] Initially he had a great deal of trouble getting results of the original trials.[5] Previous researchers had published trials without seeing the underlying data and it appeared that some of the published papers used ghost writers.[5] As the company, Roche, that did the trials refused to provide data for independent analysis, their conclusions in 2009 were that benefits could not be shown.[5]

In 2011, Jefferson's team was provided 22,000 pages of data from the European Medicines Agency and Roche eventually provided 3,000 pages of data.[5] In 2012, Jefferson was the lead author of another Cochrane review of this data which concluded that oseltamivir did not reduce the number of hospitalizations caused by influenza. Jefferson said that this review also found no evidence that oseltamivir stopped complications from the disease.[6] The review is considered a landmark and is posted on the James Lind Library website[7] which illustrates the development of fair tests of healthcare.

Jefferson is the lead author of a suite of Cochrane reviews on antivirals, influenza vaccines and physical interventions to interrupt the spread of acute respiratory infections. The reviews are either kept up to date[8] or stabilized, meaning no new evidence is likely to become available. The earliest review date from 1996 and the latest is the fourth update of the physical interventions review (2020, currently undergoing its fifth update).

Jefferson has also reviewed the evidence of effects of editorial and grant giving peer review and co-written several reviews and topics on this subject.[9] Currently he is assessing the evidence of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens and is co-editor of the Substack publication website Trust The Evidence.[10] In his latest publication Jefferson and his fellows have concluded the presence of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 on fomites, using evidence from viral culture studies.[11]

A list of his publications and contributions is available on his personal website.[1]

Publications

[edit]
  • Jefferson, T; Alderson, P; Wager, E; Davidoff, F (5 June 2002). "Effects of editorial peer review: a systematic review". JAMA. 287 (21): 2784–6. doi:10.1001/jama.287.21.2784. PMID 12038911.
  • Jefferson, T; Wager, E; Davidoff, F (5 June 2002). "Measuring the quality of editorial peer review". JAMA. 287 (21): 2786–90. doi:10.1001/jama.287.21.2786. PMID 12038912.
  • Jefferson, T; Di Pietrantonj, C; Debalini, MG; Rivetti, A; Demicheli, V (July 2009). "Inactivated influenza vaccines: methods, policies, and politics". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 62 (7): 677–86. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.07.001. PMID 19124222.
  • Jefferson, T.; Del Mar, C.; Dooley, L.; Ferroni, E.; Al-Ansary, L. A; Bawazeer, G. A; van Driel, M. L; Foxlee, R.; Rivetti, A. (22 September 2009). "Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses: systematic review". BMJ. 339 (sep21 1): 77–80. doi:10.1136/bmj.b3675. PMC 2190272. PMID 18042961.
  • Chan, An-Wen; Song, Fujian; Vickers, Andrew; Jefferson, Tom; Dickersin, Kay; Gøtzsche, Peter C; Harlan Krumholz; Ghersi, Davina; van der Worp, H Bart (January 2014). "Increasing value and reducing waste: addressing inaccessible research". The Lancet. 383 (9913): 257–266. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62296-5. PMC 4533904. PMID 24411650.
  • Doshi, P.; Jefferson, T. (2 March 2015). "The evidence base for new drugs". BMJ. 350 (mar02 6): h952. doi:10.1136/bmj.h952. PMID 25731767. S2CID 206909443.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Dr. Tom Jefferson - Senior Clinical Tutor at University of Oxford". Tom Jefferson. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
  2. ^ Brownlee, Shannon (1 November 2009). "Does the Vaccine Matter?". The Atlantic. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  3. ^ a b "Spotlight on the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Review Group". Cochrane Collaboration. 17 August 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  4. ^ "History of Brighton Collaboration". Brighton Collaboration. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Thomas, Katie (30 June 2013). "Breaking the Seal on Drug Research". New York Times. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  6. ^ Grush, Loren (18 January 2012). "Researchers claim inadequate research to support anti-influenza drug". Fox News. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  7. ^ Jefferson, T (2014-05-06), "Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children", Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, no. 4, Jones MA, Doshi P, Del Mar CB, Hama R, Thompson MJ, Spencer EA, Onakpoya I, Mahtani KR, Nunan D, Howick J, Heneghan CJ, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008965.pub4, PMC 6464969, CD008965, retrieved 2022-09-08 – via The James Lind Library
  8. ^ "CEBM blogs & media articles". dr. Tom Jefferson. Retrieved 2022-09-08.
  9. ^ "Editorial and Grant Peer Review". Tom Jefferson. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
  10. ^ Heneghan, Carl. "Trust the Evidence". Substack. Retrieved 2022-09-18.
  11. ^ Onakpoya, Igho J.; Heneghan, Carl J.; Spencer, Elizabeth A.; Brassey, Jon; Rosca, Elena C.; Maltoni, Susanna; Plüddemann, Annette; Evans, David H.; Conly, John M.; Jefferson, Tom (2022-09-13). "Viral Cultures for Assessing Fomite Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of Hospital Infection. 130: 63–94. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2022.09.007. ISSN 0195-6701. PMC 9473144. PMID 36115620.
[edit]
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