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Coordinates: 7°00′38″N 124°09′47″E / 7.010556°N 124.162931°E / 7.010556; 124.162931
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{{Short description|Municipality in Maguindanao del Norte, Philippines}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = {{PH wikidata|name}}
| name = {{PH wikidata|name}}
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| image_seal = Upi logo.png
| image_seal = Upi logo.png
| seal_size = 100x80px
| seal_size = 100x80px
| image_map = {{PH wikidata|image_map}}
| image_map = Ph locator maguindanao del norte upi.svg
| map_caption = {{PH wikidata|map_caption}}
| map_caption = {{PH wikidata|map_caption}}
| image_map1 = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250}}{{hidden end}}
| image_map1 = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250}}{{hidden end}}
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| settlement_type = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}}
| settlement_type = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}}
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[Philippines]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Philippines}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{PH wikidata|region}}
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Bangsamoro}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{PH wikidata|province}}
| subdivision_name2 = [[Maguindanao del Norte]]
| official_name = {{PH wikidata|official_name}}
| official_name = {{PH wikidata|official_name}}
| etymology = <!--origin of name-->
| etymology = <!--origin of name-->
| named_for = <!--named after (if person or place)-->
| named_for = <!--named after (if person or place)-->
| native_name =
| native_name =
| other_name =
| other_name = اوڤ
| nickname =
| nickname =
| motto =
| motto =
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| parts_style = para
| parts_style = para
| p1 = {{PH barangay count | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }} (see [[#Barangays|Barangays]])
| p1 = {{PH barangay count | {{wikidata|label|raw}} }} (see [[#Barangays|Barangays]])
| leader_title = {{PH wikidata|leader_title}} <!--mayor-->
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = Ma. Rona Cristina P. Flores
| leader_name = Ma. Rona Cristina P. Flores
| leader_title1 = [[Vice Mayor]]
| leader_title1 = [[Vice Mayor]]
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| demographics1_info9 = {{PH wikidata|expenditure}} {{PH wikidata|expenditure_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_info9 = {{PH wikidata|expenditure}} {{PH wikidata|expenditure_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_title10 = [[Liability (financial accounting)|Liabilities]]
| demographics1_title10 = [[Liability (financial accounting)|Liabilities]]
| demographics1_info10 = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}}
| demographics1_info10 = {{PH wikidata|liabilities}} {{PH wikidata|liabilities_point_in_time}}
| demographics_type2 = Service provider
| demographics_type2 = Service provider
| demographics2_title1 = Electricity
| demographics2_title1 = Electricity
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}}
}}


'''Upi''', officially the '''Municipality of Upi''' ([[Maguindanao language|Maguindanaon]]: ''Inged nu Upi''; [[Iranun language|Iranun]]: ''Inged a Upi''; {{lang-tl|Bayan ng Upi}}), is a 1st class [[municipality of the Philippines|municipality]] in the [[Philippine Province|province]] of [[Maguindanao del Norte]], [[Philippines|Philippines]]. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 59,004 people.{{PH census|current}}
'''Upi''', officially the '''Municipality of Upi''' ([[Maguindanao language|Maguindanaon]]: ''Inged nu Upi''; [[Jawi script|Jawi]]: ايڠد نو اوڤ [[Teduray language|Teduray]]: ''Inged Ufi''; {{langx|tl|Bayan ng Upi}}) and commonly known by its proposed name '''North Upi''', is a [[municipality of the Philippines|municipality]] in the [[Philippine Province|province]] of [[Maguindanao del Norte]], [[Philippines]]. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 59,004 people.{{PH census|current}}


The municipality was part of the province of [[Shariff Kabunsuan]] from October 2006 until its nullification by the Supreme Court in July 2008.
The municipality was part of the province of [[Shariff Kabunsuan]] from October 2006 until its nullification by the Supreme Court in July 2008.
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===Barangays===
===Barangays===
Upi is politically subdivided into 23 [[barangay]]s.
Upi is politically subdivided into 23 [[barangay]]s. Each barangay consists of [[purok]]s while some have [[sitios]].
{{div col|colwidth=26em}}
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* Bantek
* Bantek
* Bayabas
* Bayabas
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| date = 19 January 2019
| date = 19 January 2019
}}
}}
{{clear-left}}
{{clear left}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
Line 304: Line 305:


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
<p style="margin-left: 85px;">'''Poverty Incidence of {{wikidata|label}}'''</p>
{{PH poverty incidence}}
{| style="font-size:85%;" '|
| {{#invoke:Chart
| bar chart
| height = 300
| width = 420
| group 1 = {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2000}} : {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2003}} : {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2006}} : {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2009}} : {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2012}} : {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2015}} : {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2018}} : {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2021}}
| x legends =
2000 <br /> {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2000}} :
2003 <br /> {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2003}} :
2006 <br /> {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2006}} :
2009 <br /> {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2009}} :
2012 <br /> {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2012}} :
2015 <br /> {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2015}} :
2018 <br /> {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2018}} :
2021 <br /> {{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2021}}
| colors = #D4AF37
| group names = {{wikidata|label|}}
}}
<p style="margin-left: 85px;">
'''Source:''' [[Philippine Statistics Authority]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://psa.gov.ph/content/poverty-incidence-pi
| title = Poverty incidence (PI):
| publisher = Philippine Statistics Authority
| accessdate = December 28, 2020}}</ref>{{#if:{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2000}}|<ref>{{safesubst:#invoke:wd|reference|raw|P8843|P585=2000}}</ref>|}}{{#if:{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2003}}|<ref>{{safesubst:#invoke:wd|reference|raw|P8843|P585=2003}}</ref>|}}{{#if:{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2006}}|<ref>{{safesubst:#invoke:wd|reference|raw|P8843|P585=2006}}</ref>|}}{{#if:{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2012}}|<ref>{{safesubst:#invoke:wd|reference|raw|P8843|P585=2012}}</ref>|}}{{#if:{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2015}}|<ref>{{safesubst:#invoke:wd|reference|raw|P8843|P585=2015}}</ref>|}}{{#if:{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2018}}|<ref>{{safesubst:#invoke:wd|reference|raw|P8843|P585=2018}}</ref>|}}{{#if:{{#invoke:wd|properties|raw|P8843|P585=2021}}|<ref>{{safesubst:#invoke:wd|reference|raw|P8843|P585=2021}}</ref>|}}
</p>
|}
;Gross Domestic Product
The Gross Domestic Product of the Municipality (2022) is 22,238,700,000(PHP).


==Government==
==Government==
The current mayor of Upi is Ramon A. Piang Sr., a former principal of Notre Dame of Upi, a local high school managed by the Archdiocesan Notre Dame Schools of Cotabato.
The current mayor of Upi is Ma. Rona Cristina A. Piang-Flores, who was elected in 2022 during the National and Local Elections.


List of former mayors:
List of former mayors:
* Maria Badoy - 1955 - 1956 - Appointed Mayor
* Maria Badoy - 1955 to 1956 - Appointed Mayor
* Ignacio Tenorio Labina - 1956 - 1960 - First Elected Mayor
* Ignacio Tenorio Labina - 1956 to 1960 - First Elected Mayor
* Datu Abdullah "Ugcog" Sinsuat - 1960 - 1963 - Elected Mayor
* Datu Abdullah "Ugcog" Sinsuat - 1960 to 1963 - Elected Mayor
* Datu Michael "Puti" P. Sinsuat - 1963 - 1980 - Elected Mayor
* Datu Michael "Puti" P. Sinsuat - 1963 to 1980 - Elected Mayor
* Bai Fatima P. Sinsuat -1980 - 1986- Elected Mayor
* Bai Fatima P. Sinsuat - 1980 to 1986 - Elected Mayor
* Datu Mohammad "Unting" Sinsuat - 1986 - 1987- Appointed Mayor
* Datu Mohammad "Unting" Sinsuat - 1986 to 1987 - Appointed Mayor
* Datu Mohammad "Unting" Sinsuat - 1987 - 1992- Elected Mayor
* Datu Mohammad "Unting" Sinsuat - 1987 to 1992 - Elected Mayor
* Datu Michael "Puti" P. Sinsuat -1992 - 2001- Elected Mayor
* Datu Michael "Puti" P. Sinsuat - 1992 to 2001 - Elected Mayor
* Ramon A. Piang, Sr. -2001 - 2010 - Elected Mayor
* Ramon A. Piang, Sr. - 2001 to 2010 - Elected Mayor
* Ruben D. Platon -2010-2011 - Elected Mayor
* Ruben D. Platon - 2010 to 2011 - Elected Mayor
* Ramon A. Piang, Sr 2011–present Appointed Mayor
* Ramon A. Piang, Sr - 2011 to 2022 - Elected Mayor


==Culture==
==Culture==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
* [https://cmci.dti.gov.ph/lgu-profile.php?lgu=Upi Upi Profile at the DTI Cities and Municipalities Competitive Index]
* [https://cmci.dti.gov.ph/lgu-profile.php?lgu=Upi Upi Profile at the DTI Cities and Municipalities Competitive Index]
* [{{NSCB detail}} Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
* [{{NSCB detail}} Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004104825/http://census.gov.ph/ Philippine Census Information]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131004104825/http://census.gov.ph/ Philippine Census Information]
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| West = [[Datu Blah T. Sinsuat, Maguindanao|Datu Blah T. Sinsuat]]
| West = [[Datu Blah T. Sinsuat, Maguindanao|Datu Blah T. Sinsuat]]
}}
}}
{{Maguindanao}}
{{Maguindanao del Norte}}
{{Shariff Kabunsuan}}
{{Shariff Kabunsuan}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Municipalities of Maguindanao]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Maguindanao del Norte]]

Latest revision as of 07:33, 9 December 2024

Upi
اوڤ
Municipality
Municipality of Upi
Municipal Hall of Upi
Municipal Hall of Upi
Flag of Upi
Flag
Official seal of Upi
Seal
Map of Maguindanao del Norte with Upi highlighted
Map of Maguindanao del Norte with Upi highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Upi is located in Philippines
Upi
Upi
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 7°00′38″N 124°09′47″E / 7.010556°N 124.162931°E / 7.010556; 124.162931
Country Philippines
Region Bangsamoro
ProvinceMaguindanao del Norte
District Lone district
FoundedJune 10, 1955
Barangays23 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Bayan
 • MayorMa. Rona Cristina P. Flores
 • Vice MayorWilfredo T. Ibañez
 • RepresentativeSittie Shahara "Dimple" I. Mastura (PDPLBN)
 • Municipal Council
Members
 • Electorate44,894 voters (2022)
Area
[2]
 • Total
742.95 km2 (286.85 sq mi)
Elevation
537 m (1,762 ft)
Highest elevation
1,002 m (3,287 ft)
Lowest elevation
367 m (1,204 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[3]
 • Total
59,004
 • Density79/km2 (210/sq mi)
 • Households
11,596
Economy
 • Income class1st municipal income class
 • Poverty incidence
39.11
% (2021)[4]
 • Revenue₱ 322.3 million (2020), 120 million (2012), 275.9 million (2013), 310.9 million (2014), 188.3 million (2015), 199.6 million (2016), 221.2 million (2017), 287.6 million (2018), 319.1 million (2019), 316.6 million (2021), 432 million (2022)
 • Assets₱ 371.5 million (2020), 111.4 million (2012), 146.1 million (2013), 175.8 million (2014), 194.8 million (2015), 207.3 million (2016), 245.1 million (2017), 312.2 million (2018), 329.6 million (2019), 538.5 million (2021), 546.7 million (2022)
 • Expenditure₱ 290.5 million (2020), 3.166 million (2012), 124.9 million (2013), 139.1 million (2014), 160 million (2015), 166.4 million (2016), 174.9 million (2017), 210.8 million (2018), 273 million (2019), 303.3 million (2021), 397.4 million (2022)
 • Liabilities₱ 15.23 million (2020), 38.23 million (2012), 54.64 million (2013), 43.14 million (2014), 46.12 million (2015), 31.19 million (2016), 30.88 million (2017), 34.63 million (2018), 30.03 million (2019), 115.9 million (2021), 53.06 million (2022)
Service provider
 • ElectricityMaguindanao Electric Cooperative (MAGELCO)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
9602
PSGC
153815000
IDD : area code +63 (0)64
Native languagesMaguindanao
Tiruray
Tagalog
Websitewww.upi.gov.ph

Upi, officially the Municipality of Upi (Maguindanaon: Inged nu Upi; Jawi: ايڠد نو اوڤ Teduray: Inged Ufi; Tagalog: Bayan ng Upi) and commonly known by its proposed name North Upi, is a municipality in the province of Maguindanao del Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 59,004 people.[3]

The municipality was part of the province of Shariff Kabunsuan from October 2006 until its nullification by the Supreme Court in July 2008.

Etymology

[edit]

The name Upi probably derives from the term ufi. Ufi is a Teduray name for a certain tree (piper betel) that grew abundantly in the place in the early years. The bark of the ufi is used with betel nuts for chewing or mama in Teduray. The Teduray are the native inhabitants of present-day Upi.

History

[edit]

The beginning of Upi as a district geographical and political entity largely began from the early part of 1901 to 1910, when American forces set foot in the then Province of Cotabato.

An American Army Officer, Captain Irving Bryant Edwards, was assigned in Awang. Edwards showed great interest in bringing the government closer to the people by establishing schools in the far-flung areas. He reached the fertile valley of Upi and founded the Upi Agricultural School on August 19, 1919. From a USAFFE soldier, Capt. Irving Bryant Edwards turned educator.

Upi was formerly a barrio of Dinaig. It was separated from Dinaig by virtue of Republic Act No. 1248, which was approved on June 10, 1955.[5] On December 16 of the same year, President Elpidio Quirino signed Executive Order No. 142, creating 42 barrios of Upi.[6]

The first municipal mayor, vice mayor and councilors of Upi were appointed by the president of the Philippines. Maria Badoy was appointed as the first municipal mayor. In 1956, residents of the town were encouraged to participate in the political affairs of the local government, and there took place the first election wherein Mayor Ignacio Tenorio Labina, a Teduray leader, was the first elected mayor of Upi and held his office for four years.

In 2006, Upi lost about 147 square kilometres (57 sq mi) when the coastal barangays Kinimi, Laguitan, Lapaken, Matuber, Meti, Nalkan, Penansaran, Sedem, Sinipak, Resa, Tambak and Tubuan were separated from the municipality to create the new municipality of Datu Blah T. Sinsuat.[7]

Geography

[edit]

Upi is a mountainous town situated in the south-western coastal portion of Maguindanao province.

Barangays

[edit]

Upi is politically subdivided into 23 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.

  • Bantek
  • Bayabas
  • Blensong
  • Borongotan
  • Bugabungan
  • Bungcog
  • Darugao
  • Ganasi
  • Kabakaba
  • Kibleg
  • Kibucay
  • Kiga
  • Kinitaan
  • Mirab
  • Nangi
  • Nuro (Poblacion)
  • Ranao Pilayan
  • Rempes
  • Renede
  • Renti
  • Rifao
  • Sefegefen
  • Tinungkaan

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Upi, Maguindanao
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29
(84) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		29
(84) 		28
(82) 		27
(81) 		26
(79) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		27
(81) 		28
(82) 		28
(82)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 18
(64) 		19
(66) 		19
(66) 		20
(68) 		21
(70) 		21
(70) 		20
(68) 		20
(68) 		20
(68) 		20
(68) 		20
(68) 		19
(66) 		20
(68)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 30
(1.2) 		19
(0.7) 		25
(1.0) 		24
(0.9) 		64
(2.5) 		88
(3.5) 		102
(4.0) 		105
(4.1) 		76
(3.0) 		82
(3.2) 		60
(2.4) 		26
(1.0) 		701
(27.5)
Average rainy days 9.8 8.5 11.3 11.9 21.6 23.9 24.1 24.5 20.9 21.8 16.8 11.8 206.9
Source: Meteoblue (modeled/calculated data, not measured locally)[8]

Demographics

[edit]
Population census of Upi
YearPop.±% p.a.
1960 27,616—    
1970 35,727+2.61%
1975 39,010+1.78%
1980 31,010−4.48%
1990 45,957+4.01%
1995 46,440+0.20%
2000 51,141+2.09%
2007 41,757−2.76%
2010 45,444+3.13%
2015 53,583+3.19%
2020 59,004+1.91%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[9][10][11][12]

Economy

[edit]

Poverty Incidence of Upi

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2000
71.74
2003
45.43
2006
49.00
2009
34.78
2012
66.39
2015
43.67
2018
50.95
2021
39.11

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]

Gross Domestic Product

The Gross Domestic Product of the Municipality (2022) is 22,238,700,000(PHP).

Government

[edit]

The current mayor of Upi is Ma. Rona Cristina A. Piang-Flores, who was elected in 2022 during the National and Local Elections.

List of former mayors:

  • Maria Badoy - 1955 to 1956 - Appointed Mayor
  • Ignacio Tenorio Labina - 1956 to 1960 - First Elected Mayor
  • Datu Abdullah "Ugcog" Sinsuat - 1960 to 1963 - Elected Mayor
  • Datu Michael "Puti" P. Sinsuat - 1963 to 1980 - Elected Mayor
  • Bai Fatima P. Sinsuat - 1980 to 1986 - Elected Mayor
  • Datu Mohammad "Unting" Sinsuat - 1986 to 1987 - Appointed Mayor
  • Datu Mohammad "Unting" Sinsuat - 1987 to 1992 - Elected Mayor
  • Datu Michael "Puti" P. Sinsuat - 1992 to 2001 - Elected Mayor
  • Ramon A. Piang, Sr. - 2001 to 2010 - Elected Mayor
  • Ruben D. Platon - 2010 to 2011 - Elected Mayor
  • Ramon A. Piang, Sr - 2011 to 2022 - Elected Mayor

Culture

[edit]

Meguyaya festival

[edit]

Meguyaya, a Teduray term for thanksgiving for the bountiful harvest, is an annual festival celebrated every December. The festivities incorporate street dancing competition depicting the tri-people culture of the Teduray, Maguindanaon and Settlers. Other activities include the Cultural Nights, Local Government Unit Night, Ginoong Meguyaya male pageant, trade fair and Maisan Na. This is an activity in which a long stretch of grillers are placed by the roadside where everyone enjoys roasting corns, a symbol of togetherness and feasting.[citation needed]

References

[edit]
  1. ^  Municipality of Upi | (DILG)
  2. ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. ^ a b Census of Population (2020). "Bangsamoro (BARMM)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  4. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  5. ^ "An Act to Create the Municipality of Upi in the Province of Cotabato". LawPH.com. Retrieved 2011-04-11.
  6. ^ "Executive Order No. 142, s. 1955 | GOVPH".
  7. ^ "Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Act No.198: An Act Creating The Municipality of Datu Blah T. Sinsuat in The Province of Maguindanao, Providing Funds Therfor, and for Other Purposes" (PDF). lawphil.net. Cotabato City: Arellano Law Foundation. 2006. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  8. ^ "Upi, Maguindanao : Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  9. ^ Census of Population (2015). "ARMM – Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  10. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "ARMM – Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  11. ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "ARMM – Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
  12. ^ "Province of Maguindanao". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  13. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  14. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 29 November 2005.
  15. ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 23 March 2009.
  16. ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 3 August 2012.
  17. ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. 31 May 2016.
  18. ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. 10 July 2019.
  19. ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  20. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
[edit]
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