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Punjabi Muslims (Punjabi: پنجابی مسلمان ) are adherents of Islam who are linguistically, culturally or genealogically Punjabis. Primarily geographically native to the Punjab province of Pakistan today, many have ancestry in the entire Punjab region, split between India and Pakistan in the contemporary era.

Artists

Authors

Punjabi

Classical

Fariduddin Ganjshakar (1188–1266)
Shah Hussain (1539–1599)
Naushah Ganj Bakhsh (1552–1654)
Abdullah Lahori, (c. 1616–c. 1666)
Sultan Bahu (1630–1691)
Afarin Lahori (c. 1660 – d. 1741)
Bulleh Shah (1680–1757)
Ali Haider (1690–1785)
Lutf Ali (1716–1794)
Waris Shah (1722–1798)
Hashim (1735/1752–1843)
Shah Mohammad (1780–1862)
Farad Faqir (1704/1720–1790)
Ahmad Yar (1768–1845)
Qadir Yar (1802–1892)
Fazal Shah Sayyad (1827–1890)

Modern

Urdu

Persian

English

Business

Anwar Pervez, founder of Bestway
Ashar Aziz, founder of FireEye in Silicon Valley
Bashir Tahir, former CEO of Dhabi Group
Fred Hassan, director at Warburg Pincus
James Caan, founder of Hamilton Bradshaw
Malik Riaz, founder of Bahria Town,
Mansoor Ijaz, founder of Crescent Investment Management Ltd
Mian Muhammad Latif, founder of Chenab Group
Mian Muhammad Mansha, founder of Nishat Group
Michael Chowdrey, founder of Atlas Air
Muhammad Zahoor, owner of ISTIL Group
Shahid Khan, owner of Flex-N-Gate, Jacksonville Jaguars and Fulham F.C
Zameer Choudrey, CEO of Bestway

Folklore

Islamic Scholars, Poets, Saints and other religious figures

Meher Ali Shah (1859-1937)
Khadim Hussain Rizvi (1966-2020)
Dr Israr Ahmed (1932-2010)
Maulana Tariq Jamil
Rashid Ahmed Ludhianvi (1922-2002)
Baba Farid (1188-1266)
Waris Shah (1722-1798)
Sultan Bahu (1630–1691)
Shah Hussain (1538–1599)
Khwaja Ghulam Farid (1845–1901)
Mian Muhammad Bakhsh (1830-1907)
Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938)
Bari Imam (1617 – 1705)
Ahmad Sirhindi (1564-1624)
Naushah Ganj Bakhsh (1552–1654)
Shaikh Jamali Kamboh (1470-1536)
Shaikh Gadai Kamboh (1500-1574)
Shah Sharaf (1640-1724)
Shah Inayat Qadiri (1643–1728)
Ali haider Multani (1690-1785)
Farad Faqir (1720-1790)
Hashim shah (1735-1843)
Saleh Muhammad Safoori (1747-1826)
Maula Shah (1836–1944)
Ghulam Rasool Alampuri (1849–1892)
Sharif Kunjahi (1914 - 2007)
Wasif Ali Wasif (1929–1993)

Legendary

Military

Air Force

Air Chief Marshal Tanvir Mahmood Ahmed
Air Chief Marshal Zafar Chaudhry
Air Chief Marshal Kaleem Saadat Rana
Air Chief Marshal Rao Qamar Suleman
Air Chief Marshal Zulfiqar Ali Khan
Air Marshal Abdul Rahim Khan
Air Marshal Nur Khan
Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas, Nishan-e-Haider

Army

General (R) Raheel Sharif, former Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army
General (R) Qamar Javed Bajwa, former Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army
General Zia ul Haq, former Chief of Army Staff and President of Pakistan
General (R) Ashfaq Parvez Kayani, former Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan army
General (R) Tikka Khan, former COAS of the Pakistan Army and Victor of the Rann of Kutch
General (R) Asif Nawaz Janjua, former Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army
General Asim Munir, current Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army
Lt Gen (R) Asim Saleem Bajwa
Lt Gen (R) Abdul Ali Malik
Lt Gen (R) Nasser Khan Janjua
Lt Gen (R) Mahmud Ahmed
Maj Gen (R) Rao Farman Ali
Maj Gen (R) Muhammed Akbar Khan
Maj Gen Iftikhar Janjua, most senior Pakistani officer killed in battle during Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 while fighting with his troops on the front line
Maj Gen (R) Iftikhar Khan, first local Commander in Chief of the Pakistan Army
Maj Gen (R) Muhammad Yusaf Khan
Maj Gen (R) Raja Sakhi Daler Khan
Maj Gen (R) Akhtar Hussain Malik
Maj Gen (R) Ashraf Rashid
Maj Gen (R) Noel Israel Khokhar
Brig (R) Raja Habib ur Rahman Khan
Brig (R) Amir Gulistan Janjua
Major Tufail Muhammad, Nishan-e-Haider
Major Raja Aziz Bhatti, Nishan-e-Haider
Major Muhammad Akram, Nishan-e-Haider
Major Shabbir Sharif, Nishan-e-Haider
Captain Muhammad Sarwar, Nishan-e-Haider
Naik Saif Ali Janjua, Nishan-e-Haider
Lance Naik Muhammad Mahfuz, Nishan-e-Haider
Sowar Muhammad Hussain, Nishan-e-Haider

Navy

Admiral (R) Muhammad Asif Sandila
Admiral (R) Muhammad Afzal Tahir

Recipients of the Victoria Cross

Khudadad Khan, operated a machine gun despite being wounded after his team was overrun and bayoneted by the Germans, holding them back long enough for reinforcements in the Western Front
Shahamad Khan, covered a 150 yard gap at the Tigris Front in Mesopotamia after his men became casualties where he continued to single-handedly repel three counter-attacks
Abdul Hafiz, charged at enemy lines in Burma
Sher Shah Awan, commanded a platoon ambushed by the Japanese, his leg was shattered but he fought on and crawled at the enemy which he shot at point-blank range
Fazal Din, ran through the chest in Burma by a Japanese samurai officer's sword reaching through to his back and proceeded to pull the sword out of his chest and kill the Japanese officer with it

Music

Punjabi Folk

Sufi Qawwali

Classical Hindustani Gharanas

Modern Playback

Nobility

Mughal Empire

Shaikh Gadai Kamboh (d. 1574), Mughal-era jurist^[1]
Shahbaz Khan Kamboh (1529–1599), governor of Bengal.^[2]
Wazir Khan (1560–1642), Mughal Grand Vizier
Ustad Ahmad Lahori (c. 1580–1649), the chief architect of Taj Mahal^[3]
Saadullah Khan (1591–1656), Mughal Grand Vizier^[4]
Hifzullah Khan (d. 1720), governor of Kashmir
Mutawassil Khan (d. 1744), governor of Bijapur
Muzaffar Jang Hidayat (d. 1751), Nizam of Hyderabad
Khair Andesh Kamboh (d. 1710), first Nawab of Meerut^[5]
Adina Beg Arain (1710–1758), governor of Punjab.^[6]

Sikh Empire

Shaikh Imam-ud-Din (1819–1859), governor of Kashmir
Fakir Azizuddin (1780–1845), diplomat and physician
Fateh Khan Tiwana (d. 1848), Tiwana chief
Ilahi Bakhsh (d.1849) General and commander of Sikh empire

Chieftains

Shaikha Khokhar (d. 1398)
Jasrat Khokhar (c. 1375– 1442)
Rai Bhoe Bhatti (c. 1380 – 1454)
Rai Bular Bhatti (c. 1425 – 1518)
Sarang Khan Gakhar (d. 1546)
Kamal Khan Gakhar (d. 1566)
Īsā Khan Munj (d. 1718)
Walidad Khan Sial (d. 1747)
Rai Ahmad Khan Kharal (d. 1857)

Politicians

United Kingdom

People believed to be Punjabi or of Punjabi origin

Following personalities have been identified by scholars to be Punjabi or of Punjabi origin, but there is yet to be a scholarly consensus:

Ayn-Al Mulk Multani (d. 1325), general of Delhi Sultanate^[7]
Muzaffar Shah I (1342–1411), founder of the Muzaffarid dynasty of Gujarat^[8]
Khizr Khan (1351–1421), founder of the Sayyid dynasty.^[9]
Hussein Langah (d. 1502), Langah Sultan^[10]
Hyder Ali (1720–1782), the Sultan of Mysore^[11]

Revolutionaries and freedom fighters

Ahmed Khan Kharal - a rebel leader in West Punjab in the 1857 Rebellion
Maulana Shah Abdul Qadir Ludhianvi - a rebel leader in East Punjab in the 1857 Rebellion
Habib-ur-Rehman Ludhianvi - one of the founders of Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam
Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi - founder of Khaksar movement
Nizam Lohar, Blacksmith rebel against the British Indian Empire
Malangi (bandit), Robinhood of Kasur in Colonial Punjab
Mohammed Zaman Kiani, Patriot serviceman of the Azad Hind Fauj who organised battle against the British Empire and raids against the Dogra Ruler in the Kashmir Jihad
Shah Nawaz Khan, A Commander of the Indian National Army tried for waging war against the King Emperor by the British Occupiers of India
Habib Jalib, Pakistani left-wing revolutionary poet and anti-martial law activist

Scientists and academics

Abdus Salam, theoretical physicist and Nobel Prize winner in Physics for his contributions to the Electroweak force
Riazuddin, theoretical physicist and one of the key developers of the theoretical designs of Pakistan's nuclear weapons
Ayyub Ommaya, neurosurgeon and inventor of the Ommaya reservoir
Mahbub ul Haq, economist and inventor of the Human Development Index (HDI)
Asad Abidi, professor of electrical engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
Ziauddin Ahmad
Masud Ahmed, theoretical physicist and one of the leading figures of the Theoretical Physics Group - the group that developed the theoretical designs of Pakistan's nuclear weapons
Ishtiaq Ahmed, professor of political science at the University of Stockholm

Farooq Azam, professor of oceanography at the University of California, San Diego
Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry, nuclear physicist and pioneer of Pakistan's nuclear weapons research program
Nayyar Ali Dada, architect in modernist architecture
Fayyazuddin, theoretical physicist
Tasawar Hayat, mathematician
Shahbaz Khan, hydrologist and director of the UNESCO cluster office in Jakarta
Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood, nuclear engineer
Salim Mehmud, rocket scientist
Atif Mian, professor of economics, public policy and finance at Princeton University
Zia Mian, physicist and co-director of the program on science and global security at Princeton University
Ghulam Murtaza, theoretical physicist
Qaiser Mushtaq, mathematician
Adil Najam, dean of global studies at Boston University
Khalil Qureshi, physical chemist
Muneer Ahmad Rashid, mathematical physicist

Sportspersons

Association Football

Masood Fakhri

Cricket

Freestyle Wrestling

Weightlifting

Nooh Dastgir

Field hockey

Javelin throw

Arshad Nadeem

References

^ Fisher, Michael Herbert (2019). A Short History of the Mughal Empire. I.B. Tauris. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-7556-0491-3. Shaikh Gadai Kamboh (a Punjabi whose ancestors had converted to Islam)
^ Sharma, Parvati (2023). A Lamp for the Dark World: Akbar, India's Greatest Mughal. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 208. ISBN 978-1-5381-7790-7.
^ Srivastava, Prof. R. P. (1981). "Patiala: Its Artistic and Cultural Significance". The Sikh Courier. 10 (4). London: Sikh Cultural Society of Great Britain: 16. ISSN 0037-511X. OCLC 265579842 – via University of Virginia. Nadir-ul-Asar Ahmad Mimar Lahori Shahjehani was also a Punjabi who designed the Taj Mahal of Agra.
^ Grewal, J. S. (1974). "The Historian's Panjab". Miscellaneous Articles. Amritsar: Guru Nanak University. pp. 1–10. OCLC 34606247.
^ Qaisar, Ahsan Jan (1969), "Shahbaz Khan Kambu". Medieval India: A Miscellany, Vol. I. Aligarh Muslim University, pp. 48–49 OCLC 656134323
^ Dhavan, Purnima (2020). "Warriors and Zamindars in Mughal Punjab". In Eaton, Richard M.; Sreenivasan, Ramya (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Mughal World. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190222642.013.13. ISBN 978-0-190-22264-2.
^ Iqtidar Alam Khan (2008). Historical Dictionary of Medieval India. Scarecrow. p. 107. ISBN 9780810864016.
^ Hambly, Gavin R. G. (2002). "Gujarat". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XI/4: Greece VIII–Hadith II. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 385–390. ISBN 978-0-933273-66-5. Firuzšāh Shah Toḡloq (752–90/1351–88) appointed as governor of Gujarat one of his most trusted lieutenants, Ẓafar Khan I, a Punjabi Khatri convert.
^ Eaton, Richard M. (2019). India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765. Penguin UK. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-14-196655-7. The career of Khizr Khan, a Punjabi chieftain belonging to the Khokar clan, illustrates the transition to an increasingly polycentric north India.
^ Mubārak, Abū al-Faz̤l ibn (1891). The Ain I Akbari. Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 321.
^ Dalrymple, William (2019). The Anarchy: The East India Company, Corporate Violence, and the Pillage of an Empire. Bloomsbury USA. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-63557-395-4. The second power was a new force, which in the 1770s was just emerging and beginning to flex its military muscles: the Mysore Sultanate of Haidar Ali and his formidable warrior son, Tipu Sultan. Haidar, who was of Punjabi origin, had risen in the ranks of the Mysore army, where he introduced many of the innovations he had learned from observing French troops at work in the Carnatic Wars.

[1] Fisher, Michael Herbert (2019). A Short History of the Mughal Empire. I.B. Tauris. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-7556-0491-3. Shaikh Gadai Kamboh (a Punjabi whose ancestors had converted to Islam)

[2] Sharma, Parvati (2023). A Lamp for the Dark World: Akbar, India's Greatest Mughal. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 208. ISBN 978-1-5381-7790-7.

[3] Srivastava, Prof. R. P. (1981). "Patiala: Its Artistic and Cultural Significance". The Sikh Courier. 10 (4). London: Sikh Cultural Society of Great Britain: 16. ISSN 0037-511X. OCLC 265579842 – via University of Virginia. Nadir-ul-Asar Ahmad Mimar Lahori Shahjehani was also a Punjabi who designed the Taj Mahal of Agra.

[4] Grewal, J. S. (1974). "The Historian's Panjab". Miscellaneous Articles. Amritsar: Guru Nanak University. pp. 1–10. OCLC 34606247.

[5] Qaisar, Ahsan Jan (1969), "Shahbaz Khan Kambu". Medieval India: A Miscellany, Vol. I. Aligarh Muslim University, pp. 48–49 OCLC 656134323

[6] Dhavan, Purnima (2020). "Warriors and Zamindars in Mughal Punjab". In Eaton, Richard M.; Sreenivasan, Ramya (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Mughal World. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190222642.013.13. ISBN 978-0-190-22264-2.

[7] Iqtidar Alam Khan (2008). Historical Dictionary of Medieval India. Scarecrow. p. 107. ISBN 9780810864016.

[8] Hambly, Gavin R. G. (2002). "Gujarat". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. XI/4: Greece VIII–Hadith II. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 385–390. ISBN 978-0-933273-66-5. Firuzšāh Shah Toḡloq (752–90/1351–88) appointed as governor of Gujarat one of his most trusted lieutenants, Ẓafar Khan I, a Punjabi Khatri convert.

[9] Eaton, Richard M. (2019). India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765. Penguin UK. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-14-196655-7. The career of Khizr Khan, a Punjabi chieftain belonging to the Khokar clan, illustrates the transition to an increasingly polycentric north India.

[10] Mubārak, Abū al-Faz̤l ibn (1891). The Ain I Akbari. Asiatic Society of Bengal. p. 321.

[11] Dalrymple, William (2019). The Anarchy: The East India Company, Corporate Violence, and the Pillage of an Empire. Bloomsbury USA. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-63557-395-4. The second power was a new force, which in the 1770s was just emerging and beginning to flex its military muscles: the Mysore Sultanate of Haidar Ali and his formidable warrior son, Tipu Sultan. Haidar, who was of Punjabi origin, had risen in the ranks of the Mysore army, where he introduced many of the innovations he had learned from observing French troops at work in the Carnatic Wars.

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[11]

v t e State of Punjab, India
Capital: Chandigarh
Topics	Demographics Economy Education History King Porus People Tourism Music
Administration	Government Legislative Assembly Chief Ministers Governors Raj Bhavan Police
Culture	Cinema Cuisine Folk dances Bhangra Giddha Aawat pauni Tipri dance (Punjab) Folklore Folk practices Sanjhi Gogaji Chhapar Mela Sakhi Sarwar Punjabi fasts Language Gurmukhi Music Bhangra Folk music Dress Salwar Punjabi ghagra suit Patiala salwar Punjabi Tamba and Kurta Phulkari Jutti Calendars Punjabi calendar Nanakshahi calendar Bikrami calendar Fairs and festivals Punjabi festivals Lohri Basant Maghi Holi Teeyan Rakhri Vaisakhi Religious festivals Hindu festivals Sikh festivals Sports Kabaddi Kabaddi in India Qila Raipur Sports Festival Punjabi kabaddi Punjabi nationalism Punjabi Suba movement Folk arts and crafts Chowk poorana Phulkari
Divisions	Patiala Rupnagar Jalandhar Faridkot Firozpur
Districts	SAS Nagar Sri Amritsar Barnala Bathinda Faridkot Fatehgarh Sahib Fazilka Firozpur Gurdaspur Hoshiarpur Jalandhar Kapurthala Ludhiana Mansa Moga Pathankot Patiala Sri Muktsar Sahib Rupnagar Sangrur Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar Tarn Taran Sahib
Major cities	Ludhiana Amritsar Jalandhar Patiala Bathinda Hoshiarpur Mohali Batala Pathankot Moga

v t e Province of Punjab, Pakistan topics
History	History of Punjab Harappa History of Lahore
Government	Provincial Assembly Chief Minister Governor
Culture	Punjabis Punjabi tribes Punjabi language Saraiki people Saraiki language Folklore Saraiki Ajrak Pothwar Pothwari dialect Cuisine Diaspora Music Dress Salwar (Punjabi) Suit Archaeological sites and monuments Festivals
Geography	Cities Districts Region
Divisions	Bahawalpur Dera Ghazi Khan Faisalabad Gujranwala Gujrat Lahore Mianwali Multan Rawalpindi Sahiwal Sarghoda
Districts	Attock Bahawalnagar Bahawalpur Bhakkar Chakwal Chiniot Dera Ghazi Khan Fasialabad Gujranwala Gujrat Hafizabad Jampur Jhang Jhelum Khanewal Khushab Kot Addu Lahore Layyah Lodhran Mandi Bahauddin Mianwali Murree Multan Muzaffargarh Nankana Narowal Okara Pakpattan Kasur Rahim Yar Khan Rajanpur Rawalpindi Sahiwal Sargodha Sheikhupura Sialkot Talagang Taunsa Toba Tek Vehari Wazirabad
Education	University of the Punjab
Sport	Gaddafi Stadium Iqbal Stadium Faisalabad Hockey Stadium
Major cities	Lahore Faisalabad Rawalpindi Gujranwala Multan Sialkot

v t e Ethnic groups, social groups and tribes of the Punjabis
Agrawal	Bansal
Arains	Rayeen Mian Mehr Kardar Ramay Bhutto
Ahirs	Yaduvanshi Ahirs Ahirs Ghosi Hindu Ghosi Aharwar Ranghar
Chauhans	Khandowya
Scheduled Castes	Ad-Dharmi Balmiki Bazigar Chamar Khatik Mazhabi Sikh Mochi Mirasi Nat Ramdasia Sikh Ravidasi
Gakhars	Kayani
Gurjars	Gurjara-Pratihara Bhati Baisla Khatana
Jats	Aulakh Bajwa Bhutta Buttar Chaudhary Cheema Chohan Dhankhar Deol Gill Grewal Jaswal Kahlon Kharal Khokhar Maan Malhi Noon Ranjha Randhawa Sandhu Sekhon Sidhu Sial tribe Sipra Sodhi Sohal Tiwana Uppal Virk Warraich Wyne
Labana	Labana
Khatris	Anand Bhamba Bhambri Bhandari Bhasin Bindra Chadha Chopra Dhawan Duggal Gambhir Ghai Gujral Kakkar Kandhari Kapoor Khanna Khattar Khosla Khukhrain Kohli Khullar Madhok Mahendru Makan Malhotra Mehra Mehrotra Nagpal Nanda Narula Nayyar Oberoi Puri Roshan Sabharwal Sahni Sehgal Seth Sethi Sodhi Sohi Talwar Tandon Thapar Trehan Vadera Vadra Vohra
Mohyal Brahmin	Bali Bhimwal Chhibber Datt Lau Mohan Vaid
Rajputs	Jarral Mair Rajput Bhatti Janjua Rathore Chauhan Minhas Jaswal Jamwal Rana Raja Wattoo
Tarkhans	Panesar Sohal
Others	Arora Bagga Bakarwal Bania Dogar Kamboj Kumhar Saini Sansi Sayyid Shaikh