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{{Short description|President of South Africa}}
{{Short description|President of South Africa since 2018}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use South African English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use South African English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[His Excellency]]
| honorific_prefix = [[His Excellency]]
| name = Cyril Ramaphosa
| image = Cyril Ramaphosa 2024.jpg
| caption = Ramaphosa in September 2024
| image = 2019 Sessão Plenária da XI Cúpula de Líderes do BRICS - 49065119826 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Ramaphosa in 2019
| order = 5th
| order = 5th
| office = President of South Africa
| office = President of South Africa
| deputy = [[David Mabuza]]
| term_start = 15 February 2018
| term_start = 15 February 2018
| term_end =
| term_end =
| deputy = {{ubl|[[David Mabuza]]<br>(2018–2023)|[[Paul Mashatile]]<br>(since 2023)}}
| predecessor = [[Jacob Zuma]]
| predecessor = [[Jacob Zuma]]
| order1 = 18th
| successor =
| office1 = Chairperson of the African Union
| order1 = 14th
| term_start1 = 10 February 2020
| office1 = President of the African National&nbsp;Congress
| term_end1 = 6 February 2021
| term_start1 = 18 December 2017
| predecessor1 = [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]<ref name=cyrilsupport />
| term_end1 =
| deputy1 = {{ubl|David Mabuza<br>(2017–2022)|Paul Mashatile<br>(since 2022)}}
| successor1 = [[Felix Tshisekedi]]
| predecessor1 = Jacob Zuma
| office2 = 14th [[History of the African National Congress#Presidents of the ANC|President of the African National Congress]]
| deputy2 = [[David Mabuza]]
| successor1 =
| term_start2 = 18 December 2017
| order2 = 7th
| predecessor2 = [[Jacob Zuma]]
| office2 = Deputy President of South Africa
| successor2 =
| term_start2 = 26 May 2014
| office3 = 7th [[Deputy President of South Africa]]
| term_end2 = 15 February 2018
| president3 = [[Jacob Zuma]]
| president2 = Jacob Zuma
| term_start3 = 26 May 2014
| predecessor2 = [[Kgalema Motlanthe]]
| term_end3 = 15 February 2018
| successor2 = David Mabuza
| predecessor3 = [[Kgalema Motlanthe]]
| order3 = 9th
| successor3 = [[David Mabuza]]
| office3 = Deputy President of the African National Congress
| term_start3 = 18 December 2012
| office4 = 9th [[History of the African National Congress#Deputy presidents of the ANC|Deputy President of the African National Congress]]
| president4 = [[Jacob Zuma]]
| term_end3 = 18 December 2017
| term_start4 = 18 December 2012
| president3 = Jacob Zuma
| term_end4 = 18 December 2017
| predecessor3 = Kgalema Motlanthe
| predecessor4 = [[Kgalema Motlanthe]]
| successor3 = David Mabuza
| successor4 = [[David Mabuza]]
| order4 = 13th
| office5 = 13th [[History of the African National Congress#Secretaries-General of the ANC|Secretary-General of the African National Congress]]
| office4 = Secretary-General of the African National Congress
| president5 = [[Nelson Mandela]]
| term_start4 = 7 July 1991
| term_start5 = 1 March 1991
| term_end4 = December 1996
| term_end5 = 18 December 1997
| president4 = [[Nelson Mandela]]
| predecessor5 = [[Alfred Baphethuxolo Nzo]]
| predecessor4 = [[Alfred Nzo]]
| successor5 = [[Kgalema Motlanthe]]
| successor4 = {{ubl|[[Cheryl Carolus]] (acting)|Kgalema Motlanthe}}
| office5 = [[National Assembly of South Africa|Member of the National Assembly]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1952|11|17}}
| term_start5 = 9 May 1994
| term_end5 = December 1996
{{collapsed infobox section begin|Additional offices {{nobold|1982{{nbnd}}2021}}|titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}
| order6 = 18th
| office6 = Chairperson of the African Union
| term_start6 = 10 February 2020
| term_end6 = 6 February 2021
| predecessor6 = [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]]<ref name=cyrilsupport/>
| successor6 = [[Felix Tshisekedi]]
| order7 = 1st
| office7 = University of Mpumalanga#Governance and administration{{!}}Chancellor of the University of&nbsp;Mpumalanga
| term_start7 = 2 April 2016
| term_end7 = 1 July 2021
| 1blankname7 = Vice-Chancellor
| 1namedata7 = Thoko Mayekiso
| predecessor7 = ''Position established''
| successor7 = [[Mandisa Maya]]
| order8 = 1st
| office8 = National Union of Mineworkers (South Africa){{!}}Secretary-General of the National Union of Mineworkers
| term_start8 = August 1982
| term_end8 = June 1991
| president8 = [[James Motlatsi]]
| predecessor8 = ''Position established''
| successor8 = Kgalema Motlanthe
{{collapsed infobox section end}}
| birth_name = Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa
| birth_name = Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|11|17|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Soweto]], [[Transvaal Province]], [[Union of South Africa]]
| birth_place = [[Soweto]], [[Union of South Africa|South Africa]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[African National Congress]]
| party = [[African National Congress]]
| spouse = *{{marriage|Hope Ramaphosa|1978|1989|reason=div}}<br/>{{marriage|Nomazizi Mtshotshisa|1991|1993|reason=div}}<br/>{{marriage|[[Tshepo Motsepe]]|1996}}
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Hope Ramaphosa|1978|1989|end=div.}}
* {{marriage|Nomazizi Mtshotshisa|1991|1993|end=div.}}
* {{marriage|[[Tshepo Motsepe]]|1996}}}}
| children = 5
| children = 5 (estimated)
| alma_mater = [[University of Limpopo]]<br />[[University of South Africa]]
| alma_mater = {{ubl|[[University of Limpopo|University of the North]]|[[University of South Africa]]}}
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Politician]]|[[Businessman]]|[[Lawyer]]|[[Trade unionist]]|[[Philanthropist]]|[[Activist]]}}
| parents = Samuel Ramaphosa<br />Erdmuth Ramaphosa
| website = {{url|https://www.cyrilramaphosafoundation.org|Foundation website}} {{url|http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/|Presidency website}}
| website = {{ubl|{{url|cyrilramaphosafoundation.org|Foundation website}}|{{url|www.thepresidency.gov.za|Presidency website}}}}
}}
}}
'''Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa''' (born 17 November 1952) is a South African businessman and politician who, since 2018, is serving as the fifth democratically elected [[president of South Africa]], as well as president of the [[African National Congress]] (ANC) since 2017. Previously an [[anti-apartheid activist]], [[trade union]] leader and businessman, Ramaphosa served as [[secretary general]] to ANC president [[Nelson Mandela]], [[Deputy President of South Africa|deputy president]] to President [[Jacob Zuma]], and chairman of the [[National Planning Commission of South Africa|National Planning Commission]]<ref name="NPC Commissioners">{{Cite news|url=https://nationalplanningcommission.wordpress.com/npc-commissioners/|title=NPC Commissioners|date=4 February 2015|work=National Planning Commission|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812142650/https://nationalplanningcommission.wordpress.com/npc-commissioners/|url-status=live}}</ref> from 2014 to 2018.


'''Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa''' (born 17 November 1952) is a South African businessman and politician serving as the 5th and current [[President of South Africa]] since 2018. A former [[Anti-Apartheid Movement|anti-apartheid]] activist and [[trade union]] leader, Ramaphosa is also the president (leader) of the [[African National Congress]] (ANC).
He has been called a skillful negotiator<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://theconversation.com/ramaphosa-has-what-it-takes-to-fix-south-africas-ailing-anc-but-70866|title=Ramaphosa has what it takes to fix South Africa's ailing ANC. But&nbsp;...|last=Mtimka|first=Ongama|work=The Conversation|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812213544/http://theconversation.com/ramaphosa-has-what-it-takes-to-fix-south-africas-ailing-anc-but-70866|url-status=live}}</ref> and strategist,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.702.co.za/articles/12315/ramaphosa-and-meyer-on-how-they-joined-forces-to-bring-peace-democracy-to-sa|title=How Cyril Ramaphosa and Roelf Meyer joined forces to bring democracy to SA|website=702|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=13 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813005400/http://www.702.co.za/articles/12315/ramaphosa-and-meyer-on-how-they-joined-forces-to-bring-peace-democracy-to-sa|url-status=live}}</ref> who acted as the ANC's chief negotiator during South Africa's [[transition to democracy]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017-01-07-ramaphosa-has-what-it-takes-to-fix-south-africas-ailing-anc-but-/|title=Ramaphosa has what it takes to fix South Africa's ailing ANC. But&nbsp;... |work=[[TimesLIVE]]|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812142434/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017-01-07-ramaphosa-has-what-it-takes-to-fix-south-africas-ailing-anc-but-/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ramaphosa built up the biggest and most powerful trade union in the country, the [[National Union of Mineworkers (South Africa)|National Union of Mineworkers]] (NUM).<ref>{{Cite book|title=South Africa – the present as history : from Mrs. Ples to Mandela & Marikana|last=S.|first=Saul, John|isbn=9781847010926|location=Woodbridge, Suffolk|oclc=872681428}}</ref> He played a crucial role, with [[Roelf Meyer]] of the [[National Party (South Africa)|National Party]], during the [[Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa|negotiations]] to bring about a peaceful end to [[apartheid]] and steer the country towards its first [[1994 South African general election|fully democratic elections in April 1994]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/negotiations-and-transition|title=Negotiations and the transition|last=tinashe|date=30 June 2011|work=South African History Online|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812141813/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/negotiations-and-transition|url-status=live}}</ref> Ramaphosa was [[Nelson Mandela]]'s choice for future president.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cyril Ramaphosa: the return of Nelson Mandela's chosen one|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/20/cyril-ramaphosa-return-nelson-mandela|newspaper=The Guardian|date=20 December 2012|last1=Munusamy|first1=Ranjeni|access-date=18 December 2016|archive-date=21 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221134545/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/20/cyril-ramaphosa-return-nelson-mandela|url-status=live}}</ref> Ramaphosa is well known as a businessman, and his estimated [[net worth]] is over R6.4&nbsp;billion ($450&nbsp;million) as of 2018,<ref>{{cite web|title=Here are the 20 richest people in South Africa|url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/wealth/185007/here-are-the-20-richest-people-in-south-africa/|website=BusinessTech|access-date=17 February 2018|archive-date=17 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217202754/https://businesstech.co.za/news/wealth/185007/here-are-the-20-richest-people-in-south-africa/|url-status=live}}</ref> with 31 properties<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/rdm/politics/2017-02-22-ramaphosa-declares-ownership-of-31-properties/|title=Ramaphosa declares ownership of 31 properties|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812141803/https://www.businesslive.co.za/rdm/politics/2017-02-22-ramaphosa-declares-ownership-of-31-properties/|url-status=live}}</ref> and previously-held notable ownership in companies such as [[McDonald's]] South Africa, chair of the board for [[MTN Group|MTN]] and member of the board for [[Lonmin]].


Ramaphosa rose to national prominence as secretary general of South Africa's biggest and most powerful trade union, the [[National Union of Mineworkers (South Africa)|National Union of Mineworkers]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Saul |first=John S. |title=South Africa – the present as history : from Mrs. Ples to Mandela & Marikana |year=2014 |isbn=9781847010926 |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |oclc=872681428}}</ref> [[48th National Conference of the African National Congress|In 1991]], he was elected ANC [[secretary general]] under ANC president [[Nelson Mandela]] and became the ANC's chief negotiator during the [[Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa|negotiations that ended apartheid]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramaphosa has what it takes to fix South Africa's ailing ANC. But&nbsp;... |work=[[TimesLIVE]] |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017-01-07-ramaphosa-has-what-it-takes-to-fix-south-africas-ailing-anc-but-/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812142434/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017-01-07-ramaphosa-has-what-it-takes-to-fix-south-africas-ailing-anc-but-/ |archive-date=12 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=tinashe |date=30 June 2011 |title=Negotiations and the transition |work=South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/negotiations-and-transition |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812141813/http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/negotiations-and-transition |archive-date=12 August 2017}}</ref> He was elected chairperson of the [[Constituent assembly|Constitutional Assembly]] after the country's [[1994 South African general election|first fully democratic elections]] in 1994 and some observers believed that he was Mandela's preferred successor.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Munusamy |first1=Ranjeni |date=20 December 2012 |title=Cyril Ramaphosa: the return of Nelson Mandela's chosen one |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/20/cyril-ramaphosa-return-nelson-mandela |url-status=live |access-date=18 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221134545/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/20/cyril-ramaphosa-return-nelson-mandela |archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> However, Ramaphosa resigned from politics in 1996 and became well known as a businessman, including as an owner of [[McDonald's]] South Africa, chair of the board for [[MTN Group|MTN]], member of the board for [[Lonmin]], and founder of the [[Shanduka Group]].
Ramaphosa served as the [[Deputy President of South Africa|deputy president of South Africa]] from 2014 to 2018. He was later elected president of the [[African National Congress]] (ANC) at the [[54th National Conference of the African National Congress|ANC National Conference]] in December 2017. Ramaphosa is the former chairman of the [[National Planning Commission of South Africa|National Planning Commission]],<ref name="NPC Commissioners"/> which is responsible for [[strategic planning]] for the future of the country, with the goal of rallying South Africa "around a common set of objectives and priorities to drive development over the longer term".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalplanningcommission.wordpress.com|title=National Planning Commission|website=National Planning Commission|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812142843/https://nationalplanningcommission.wordpress.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018 he became President of South Africa without a general election, after [[Jacob Zuma]] resigned. Ramaphosa was re-elected president by the [[National Assembly of South Africa|National Assembly]] to his first full term in May 2019 following the ANC's victory in the [[2019 South African general election]]. Ramaphosa served as chairperson of the African Union from 2020 to 2021.<ref name=cyrilsupport />


Ramaphosa returned to politics in December 2012 at the ANC's [[53rd National Conference of the African National Congress|53rd National Conference]] and served as the [[Deputy President of South Africa|deputy president of South Africa]] under President [[Jacob Zuma]] from 2014 to 2018. He was also chairman of the [[National Planning Commission of South Africa|National Planning Commission]]. At the ANC's [[54th National Conference of the African National Congress|54th National Conference]] on 18 December 2017, he was elected president of the ANC. Two months later, the day after Zuma resigned on 14 February 2018, the [[National Assembly of South Africa|National Assembly]] (NA) [[2018 South African presidential election|elected]] Ramaphosa as president of South Africa. He began his first full term as president in May 2019 following the ANC's victory in the [[2019 South African general election|2019 general election]]. While president, Ramaphosa served as chairperson of the [[African Union]] from 2020 to 2021<ref name="cyrilsupport" /> and led South Africa's response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa|COVID-19 pandemic]].
Despite his credentials as an important proponent of his country's peaceful transition to democracy, he has also been criticised for the conduct of his business interests,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.r2k.org.za/2015/10/12/investigate-mtn-ramaphosa/|title=R2K protest for investigation into MTN and Ramaphosa corruption allegations.|date=12 October 2015|website=Right2Know Campaign|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=20 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820011226/http://www.r2k.org.za/2015/10/12/investigate-mtn-ramaphosa/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2015-10-08-ramaphosa-and-mtns-offshore-stash|title=Ramaphosa and MTN's offshore stash|last=Turner|first=Craig McKune and George Turner, Craig McKune, George|work=Mail & Guardian|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=23 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223014148/https://mg.co.za/article/2015-10-08-ramaphosa-and-mtns-offshore-stash|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.biznews.com/undictated/2015/05/26/cyril-ramaphosa-sells-off-business-stakes-creates-billion-dollar-black-owned-company/|title=Ramaphosa sells business stakes, creates billion-dollar black-owned company|date=26 May 2015|work=BizNews.com|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812141117/http://www.biznews.com/undictated/2015/05/26/cyril-ramaphosa-sells-off-business-stakes-creates-billion-dollar-black-owned-company/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.itweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62269|title=Ramaphosa steps down as MTN chairman|last=Mawson|first=Nicola|work=ITWeb Technology News|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812140616/http://www.itweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62269|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.corruptionwatch.org.za/cyril-ramaphosas-conflict-of-interest/|title=Cyril Ramaphosa's conflict of interest – Corruption Watch|date=14 January 2013|work=Corruption Watch|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812133754/http://www.corruptionwatch.org.za/cyril-ramaphosas-conflict-of-interest/|url-status=live}}</ref> although he has never been indicted for illegal activity in any of these controversies. Controversial business dealings include his joint venture with [[Glencore]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.moneyweb.co.za/archive/glencore-ramaphosa-eye-5050-mining-jvs-in-sa/|title=Glencore, Ramaphosa eye 50/50 mining JVs in SA|date=11 October 2011|work=Moneyweb|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=13 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813010536/https://www.moneyweb.co.za/archive/glencore-ramaphosa-eye-5050-mining-jvs-in-sa/|url-status=live}}</ref> and allegations of benefitting illegally from coal deals with [[Eskom]] which he has staunchly denied,<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.fin24.com/Economy/Eskom/Presidency-Glencore-slam-Ramaphosa-Eskom-claims-20150425|title=Presidency, Glencore slam Ramaphosa Eskom claims|work=Fin24|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812213613/http://www.fin24.com/Economy/Eskom/Presidency-Glencore-slam-Ramaphosa-Eskom-claims-20150425|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mybroadband.co.za/news/energy/125118-did-ramaphosa-benefit-from-eskom-coal-deals.html|title=Did Ramaphosa benefit from Eskom coal deals?|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=8 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908133220/https://mybroadband.co.za/news/energy/125118-did-ramaphosa-benefit-from-eskom-coal-deals.html|url-status=live}}</ref> during which Glencore was in the public spotlight for its tendentious business activities involving [[Tony Blair]] in the Middle East; his son, Andile Ramaphosa, has also been found to have accepted payments totalling R2 million from Bosasa, the security company implicated in corruption and state capture by the [[Zondo Commission]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/bosasa-paid-me-r2m-says-andile-ramaphosa-20111437|title=Bosasa paid me R2m, says Andile Ramaphosa {{!}} IOL News|website=www.iol.co.za|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327101905/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/bosasa-paid-me-r2m-says-andile-ramaphosa-20111437|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/Redi_Tlhabi/the-ramaphosas-bosasa-money-same-script-different-cast-20190327|title=The Ramaphosas' Bosasa money: Same script, different cast|date=27 March 2019|website=News24|access-date=27 March 2019|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327120123/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/Redi_Tlhabi/the-ramaphosas-bosasa-money-same-script-different-cast-20190327|url-status=live}}</ref> and his employment on the board of directors of [[Lonmin]] while taking an active stance when the [[Marikana killings|Marikana Massacre]] took place on Lonmin's Marikana premises. On 15 August 2012 he called for action against the [[Marikana miners' strike]], which he called "dastardly criminal" conduct that needed "concomitant action" to be taken.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/24/lonmin-emails-anc-elder-baron|title=Lonmin emails paint ANC elder as a born-again robber baron|first=David|last=Smith|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=24 October 2012|access-date=14 December 2016|archive-date=2 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202005603/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/24/lonmin-emails-anc-elder-baron|url-status=live}}</ref> He later admitted and regretted his involvement in the act and said that it could have been avoided if contingency plans had been made prior to the labour strike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-27-cyril-ramaphosa-the-true-betrayal/|title=Cyril Ramaphosa: The true betrayal {{!}} Daily Maverick|website=Daily Maverick|date=26 October 2012|access-date=6 June 2017|archive-date=4 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104181526/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-27-cyril-ramaphosa-the-true-betrayal/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ramaphosa's [[net worth]] was estimated at over [[South African rand|R]]6.4 billion ([[United States dollar|$]]450 million) as of 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Here are the 20 richest people in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/wealth/185007/here-are-the-20-richest-people-in-south-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217202754/https://businesstech.co.za/news/wealth/185007/here-are-the-20-richest-people-in-south-africa/ |archive-date=17 February 2018 |access-date=17 February 2018 |website=BusinessTech}}</ref> He has been criticised for his conduct and involvement in his business interests, including his harsh posture as a Lonmin director towards the [[Marikana]] miners' strike in the week ahead of the [[Marikana massacre]].

On 19 December 2022, it was announced that the [[55th National Conference of the African National Congress|ANC's 55th National Conference]] had elected Ramaphosa to a second term as president of the ANC.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 December 2022 |title=Ramaphosa wins by outright majority |url=https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news/south-africa/ramaphosa-survives/ |access-date=19 December 2022 |website=Moneyweb }}</ref> On 14 June 2024, the [[National Assembly of South Africa]] elected Ramaphosa to a second term as president of South Africa.<ref name=ramaphosare-elected>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-president-election-parliament-b71d8f3de7b3bb4be76f94e8d75f0daf|title=South Africa's President Ramaphosa is reelected for second term after a dramatic late coalition deal|first1=Gerald|last1=Imray|first2=Mogomotsi|last2=Magome|publisher=Associated Press|date=14 June 2024|accessdate=15 June 2024|archive-date=15 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615143917/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-president-election-parliament-b71d8f3de7b3bb4be76f94e8d75f0daf|url-status=live}}</ref>


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
Ramaphosa was born in [[Soweto]], [[Johannesburg]], on 17 November 1952, to [[Venda people|Venda]] parents.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Cyril Ramaphosa |last=Butler |first=Anthony |publisher=Jacana |year=2011 |isbn=9781431401840|location=Johannesburg|pages=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/981959/ramaphosa-not-born-in-limpopo/|title=Ramaphosa 'not born in Limpopo'|last=Matlala|first=Ngwako Modjadji and Alex|work=The Citizen|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812214111/http://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/981959/ramaphosa-not-born-in-limpopo/|url-status=live}}</ref> He is the second of the three children to Erdmuth and retired policeman Samuel Ramaphosa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.youthvillage.co.za/2013/10/25-things-dont-know-cyril-ramaphosa/|title=25 Things you don't know about Cyril Ramaphosa|last=Village|first=Youth|date=25 October 2013|website=Youth Village|access-date=12 August 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812215710/http://www.youthvillage.co.za/2013/10/25-things-dont-know-cyril-ramaphosa/|archive-date=12 August 2017}}</ref> He attended Tshilidzi Primary School and Sekano Ntoane High School in Soweto.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/cyril-matamela-ramaphosa|title=Cyril Matamela Ramaphosa|last=Anonymous|date=17 February 2011|work=South African History Online|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219084705/http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/cyril-matamela-ramaphosa|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1971, he [[matriculate]]d from Mphaphuli High School in [[Sibasa]], [[Venda]] where he was elected head of the Student Christian Movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moneyweb.co.za/moneyweb-opinion/soapbox/who-is-cyril-ramaphosa/|title=Who is Cyril Ramaphosa?|date=21 December 2017|access-date=23 August 2018|archive-date=27 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144253/https://www.moneyweb.co.za/moneyweb-opinion/soapbox/who-is-cyril-ramaphosa/|url-status=live}}</ref> He subsequently registered to study law at the [[University of the North]] (Turfloop) in [[Limpopo Province]] in 1972.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=237&|title=African Success : Biography of Cyril RAMAPHOSA|last=www.lesideesnet.com|first=Les Idées Net -|website=africansuccess.org|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106135733/http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=237&|archive-date=6 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Ramaphosa was born in [[Soweto]], [[Johannesburg]], on 17 November 1952, to [[Venda people|Venda]] parents.<ref>{{cite book|title=Cyril Ramaphosa |last=Butler |first=Anthony |publisher=Jacana |year=2011 |isbn=9781431401840|location=Johannesburg|pages=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/981959/ramaphosa-not-born-in-limpopo/|title=Ramaphosa 'not born in Limpopo'|first1=Ngwako |last1=Modjadji |first2=Alex |last2=Matlala|work=The Citizen|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812214111/http://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/981959/ramaphosa-not-born-in-limpopo/|url-status=live}}</ref> He is the second of the three children to Erdmuth and retired policeman Samuel Ramaphosa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youthvillage.co.za/2013/10/25-things-dont-know-cyril-ramaphosa/|title=25 Things you don't know about Cyril Ramaphosa|date=25 October 2013|website=Youth Village|access-date=12 August 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812215710/http://www.youthvillage.co.za/2013/10/25-things-dont-know-cyril-ramaphosa/|archive-date=12 August 2017}}</ref> He attended Tshilidzi Primary School and Sekano Ntoane High School in Soweto.<ref name=":2">{{cite news|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/cyril-matamela-ramaphosa|title=Cyril Matamela Ramaphosa|date=17 February 2011|work=South African History Online|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219084705/http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/cyril-matamela-ramaphosa|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1971, he [[matriculate]]d from Mphaphuli High School in [[Sibasa]], [[Venda]] where he was elected head of the Student Christian Movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moneyweb.co.za/moneyweb-opinion/soapbox/who-is-cyril-ramaphosa/|title=Who is Cyril Ramaphosa?|date=21 December 2017|access-date=23 August 2018|archive-date=27 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144253/https://www.moneyweb.co.za/moneyweb-opinion/soapbox/who-is-cyril-ramaphosa/|url-status=live}}</ref> He subsequently registered to study law at the [[University of the North]] (Turfloop) in [[Limpopo Province]] in 1972.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=237&|title=African Success : Biography of Cyril RAMAPHOSA|website=africansuccess.org|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106135733/http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=237&|archive-date=6 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>


While at university, Ramaphosa became involved in student politics and joined the [[South African Students Organisation|South African Students Organisation (SASO)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/people.php?id=65-251-B1|title=South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid|website=overcomingapartheid.msu.edu|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=25 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825211413/http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/people.php?id=65-251-B1|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Black People's Convention|Black People's Convention (BPC)]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gec.co/users/deputy-president-cyril-ramaphosa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316110335/http://www.gec.co/users/deputy-president-cyril-ramaphosa|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 March 2017|title=Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa {{!}} GEC 2017|website=gec.co|access-date=12 August 2017}}</ref> This resulted in him being detained in solitary confinement for eleven months in 1974 under Section 6 of the [[Terrorism Act, 1967]], for organising pro-[[Frelimo]] rallies.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-20767093|title=Cyril Ramaphosa – the man who wants to make South Africa great|date=2 August 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811121044/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-20767093|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1976 he was detained again, following the unrest in Soweto, and held for six months at [[John Vorster Square]] under the Terrorism Act.<ref name=":1" /> After his release, he became a law clerk for a Johannesburg firm of [[Lawyer|attorneys]] and continued with his legal studies through correspondence with the [[University of South Africa]] (UNISA), where he obtained his [[Legal education#South Africa|B. Proc. Degree]] in 1981.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.observer.com.na/index.php/opinions/item/782-the-curious-case-of-comrade-cyril|title=The curious case of Comrade Cyril – Windhoek Observer|last=KAUMBI|first=UAZUVA|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812212008/http://www.observer.com.na/index.php/opinions/item/782-the-curious-case-of-comrade-cyril|url-status=live}}</ref>
While at university, Ramaphosa became involved in student politics and joined the [[South African Students Organisation|South African Students Organisation (SASO)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/people.php?id=65-251-B1|title=South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid|website=overcomingapartheid.msu.edu|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=25 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825211413/http://overcomingapartheid.msu.edu/people.php?id=65-251-B1|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[Black People's Convention|Black People's Convention (BPC)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gec.co/users/deputy-president-cyril-ramaphosa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316110335/http://www.gec.co/users/deputy-president-cyril-ramaphosa|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 March 2017|title=Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa|website=gec.co|access-date=12 August 2017}}</ref> This resulted in him being detained in solitary confinement for eleven months in 1974 under Section 6 of the [[Terrorism Act, 1967]], for organising pro-[[Frelimo]] rallies.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-20767093|title=Cyril Ramaphosa – the man who wants to make South Africa great|date=2 August 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=11 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811121044/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-20767093|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1976 he was detained again, following the unrest in Soweto, and held for six months at [[John Vorster Square]] under the Terrorism Act.<ref name=":1" /> After his release, he became a law clerk for a Johannesburg firm of [[Lawyer|attorneys]] and continued with his legal studies through correspondence with the [[University of South Africa]] (UNISA), where he obtained his [[Legal education#South Africa|Bachelor of Procurationis]] degree (B. Proc.) in 1981.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.observer.com.na/index.php/opinions/item/782-the-curious-case-of-comrade-cyril|title=The curious case of Comrade Cyril – Windhoek Observer|last=Kaumbi|first=Uazuva|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812212008/http://www.observer.com.na/index.php/opinions/item/782-the-curious-case-of-comrade-cyril|url-status=live}}</ref>


== Political activist and trade union leader ==
== Anti-apartheid and labour activism ==
After completing his legal qualifications and obtaining his degree, Ramaphosa joined the [[Council of Unions of South Africa]] (CUSA) as an advisor in the legal department.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yworld.co.za/yworld/tih/today_in_history?search-day=26&search-year=16&search-month=11|title=Today in History – YFM {{!}} Yona Ke Yona|website=yworld.co.za|access-date=14 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812214039/http://yworld.co.za/yworld/tih/today_in_history?search-day=26&search-year=16&search-month=11|archive-date=12 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1982, CUSA requested that Ramaphosa start a union for mineworkers;<ref name=":2"/> this new union was launched in the same year and was named the [[National Union of Mineworkers (South Africa)|National Union of Mineworkers]] (NUM). Ramaphosa was arrested in [[Lebowa]], on the charge of organising or planning to take part in a meeting in Namakgale which had been banned by the local magistrate.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/ramaphosa-arrested|title=Ramaphosa is arrested|last=Anonymous|date=16 March 2011|work=South African History Online|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812214429/http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/ramaphosa-arrested|url-status=live}}</ref>
After completing his legal qualifications and obtaining his degree, Ramaphosa joined the [[Council of Unions of South Africa]] (CUSA) as an advisor in the legal department.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://yworld.co.za/yworld/tih/today_in_history?search-day=26&search-year=16&search-month=11|title=Today in History|website=yworld.co.za|access-date=14 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812214039/http://yworld.co.za/yworld/tih/today_in_history?search-day=26&search-year=16&search-month=11|archive-date=12 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1982, CUSA requested that Ramaphosa start a union for mineworkers;<ref name=":2"/> this new union was launched in the same year and was named the [[National Union of Mineworkers (South Africa)|National Union of Mineworkers]] (NUM). Ramaphosa was arrested in [[Lebowa]], on the charge of organising or planning to take part in a meeting in Namakgale which had been banned by the local magistrate.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/ramaphosa-arrested|title=Ramaphosa is arrested|date=16 March 2011|work=South African History Online|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812214429/http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/ramaphosa-arrested|url-status=live}}</ref>


In August 1982, CUSA resolved to form the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), and in December Ramaphosa became its first secretary. Ramaphosa was the conference organiser in the preparations leading to the formation of the Congress of the South African Trade Union (COSATU). He delivered a keynote address at Cosatu's launch rally in Durban in December 1985. In March 1986, he was part of COSATU's delegation which met the African National Congress in Lusaka, Zambia.<ref name="pressreader.com">{{cite web |date=19 December 2017 |title=Tracking Cyril's political career |url=http://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/cape-times/20171219/281479276772087 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051204/http://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/cape-times/20171219/281479276772087 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |access-date=20 December 2017 |website=Cape Times}}</ref>
==Fight against apartheid==
In August 1982, CUSA resolved to form the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), and in December Ramaphosa became its first secretary. Ramaphosa was the conference organiser in the preparations leading to the formation of the Congress of the South African Trade Union (COSATU). He delivered a keynote address at Cosatu's launch rally in Durban in December 1985. In March 1986, he was part of COSATU's delegation which met the African National Congress in Lusaka, Zambia.<ref name="pressreader.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/cape-times/20171219/281479276772087|title=PressReader.com – Connecting People Through News|website=pressreader.com|access-date=20 December 2017|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051204/http://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/cape-times/20171219/281479276772087|url-status=live}}</ref>


Ramaphosa was elected as the first general secretary of the union, a position he held until he resigned in June 1991,<ref name="pressreader.com"/> following his election as secretary-general of the [[African National Congress]] (ANC). Under his leadership, union membership grew from 6,000 in 1982 to 300,000 in 1992, giving it control of nearly half of the total black workforce in the South African mining industry. As general secretary, he, James Motlatsi (president of NUM), and Elijah Barayi (vice-president of NUM) also led the mineworkers in one of the biggest strikes ever in South African history.
Ramaphosa was elected as the first general secretary of the union, a position he held until he resigned in June 1991,<ref name="pressreader.com"/> following his election as secretary-general of the [[African National Congress]] (ANC). Under his leadership, union membership grew from 6,000 in 1982 to 300,000 in 1992, giving it control of nearly half of the total black workforce in the South African mining industry. As general secretary, he, James Motlatsi (president of NUM), and Elijah Barayi (vice-president of NUM) also led the mineworkers in one of the biggest strikes ever in South African history.


In December 1988, Ramaphosa and other prominent members of the Soweto community met Soweto's mayor to discuss the rent boycott crisis.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Battersby |first1=John D. |title=Blacks Pressing A Rent Boycott In South Africa |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/22/world/blacks-pressing-a-rent-boycott-in-south-africa.html |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=22 February 1988 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108211413/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/22/world/blacks-pressing-a-rent-boycott-in-south-africa.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
In December 1988, Ramaphosa and other prominent members of the [[Soweto]] community met Soweto's mayor to discuss the rent boycott crisis.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Battersby |first1=John&nbsp;D. |title=Blacks Pressing A Rent Boycott In South Africa |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/22/world/blacks-pressing-a-rent-boycott-in-south-africa.html |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=22 February 1988 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108211413/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/22/world/blacks-pressing-a-rent-boycott-in-south-africa.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


In January 1990, Ramaphosa accompanied released ANC political prisoners to [[Lusaka]], Zambia. Ramaphosa served as chairman of the National Reception committee, which coordinated arrangements for the release of Nelson Mandela and subsequent welcome rallies within South Africa and became a member of the international Mandela Reception Committee. He was elected general-secretary of the ANC in a conference held in [[Durban]] in July 1991. Ramaphosa was a visiting professor of law at [[Stanford University]] in the United States in October 1991.<ref>{{cite web |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa: Profile |url=https://www.dpme.gov.za/about/Pages/President-Cyril-Ramaphosa.aspx |website=www.dpme.gov.za |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-date=25 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225191224/https://www.dpme.gov.za/about/Pages/President-Cyril-Ramaphosa.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 1985, the NUM broke away from CUSA and helped to establish the [[Congress of South African Trade Unions]] (COSATU). When COSATU joined forces with the [[United Democratic Front (South Africa)|United Democratic Front]] (UDF) political movement against the National Party government of [[P. W. Botha]], Ramaphosa took a leading role in what became known as the [[Mass Democratic Movement]] (MDM).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spector |first1=J.&nbsp;Brooks |title=The UDF at 30: An organisation that shook Apartheid's foundation |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-08-22-the-udf-at-30-an-organisation-that-shook-apartheids-foundation/ |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=The Daily Maverick |date=22 August 2013 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108211412/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-08-22-the-udf-at-30-an-organisation-that-shook-apartheids-foundation/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


Ramaphosa has claimed that he is a committed socialist.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gon |first1=Sara |date=27 August 2018 |title=Ramaphosa says he's a socialist – believe him! |newspaper=Rational Standard |publisher=Institute of Race Relations |url=https://irr.org.za/media/ramaphosa-says-he2019s-a-socialist-2013-believe-him-rational-standard |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108212432/https://irr.org.za/media/ramaphosa-says-he2019s-a-socialist-2013-believe-him-rational-standard |archive-date=8 November 2019}}</ref>
In 1985, the NUM broke away from CUSA and helped to establish the [[Congress of South African Trade Unions]] (COSATU). When COSATU joined forces with the [[United Democratic Front (South Africa)|United Democratic Front]] (UDF) political movement against the National Party government of [[P. W. Botha]], Ramaphosa took a leading role in what became known as the [[Mass Democratic Movement]] (MDM).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spector |first1=J Brooks |title=The UDF at 30: An organisation that shook Apartheid's foundation |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-08-22-the-udf-at-30-an-organisation-that-shook-apartheids-foundation/ |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=The Daily Maverick |date=22 August 2013 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108211412/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2013-08-22-the-udf-at-30-an-organisation-that-shook-apartheids-foundation/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Rise in the ANC (1990–1996)==
When [[Nelson Mandela]] was released from prison, Ramaphosa was on the National Reception Committee.<ref name="pressreader.com"/>
After the ANC was unbanned in early 1990, Ramaphosa became increasingly close with the organisation. In January 1990, he accompanied released ANC political prisoners to the ANC [[headquarters]] in [[Lusaka|Lusaka, Zambia]]; and, later, that year, he served as chairman of the National Reception Committee, which coordinated arrangements for [[Nelson Mandela]]'s release from prison, including concomitant celebratory rallies.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa: Profile |url=https://www.dpme.gov.za/about/Pages/President-Cyril-Ramaphosa.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225191224/https://www.dpme.gov.za/about/Pages/President-Cyril-Ramaphosa.aspx |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=8 November 2019 |website=Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation}}</ref><ref name="pressreader.com" /> Ramaphosa was elected [[Secretary-General]] of the ANC at the party's [[48th National Conference of the African National Congress|48th National Conference]] in [[Durban]] in July 1991, and subsequently became head of the ANC's delegation to the [[Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa|negotiations that ended apartheid]]. He was also a [[Visiting scholar|visiting professor]] of law at [[Stanford University]] in October 1991.<ref name=":0" />


Following the [[1994 South African general election|first fully democratic elections]] in 1994, he became a Member of [[Parliament of South Africa|Parliament]] (MP) and was elected the chairperson of its [[Constituent assembly|Constitutional Assembly]] on 24 May 1994, a central role in Mandela's [[Cabinet of Nelson Mandela|Government of National Unity]]. He was also re-elected, unopposed, as ANC Secretary-General at the party's [[49th National Conference of the African National Congress|49th National Conference]] in December 1994.<ref name=":13">{{cite web |title=49th National Conference: National Executive Committee as elected at Conference |url=https://www.anc1912.org.za/49th-national-conference-national-executive-committee-as-elected-at-conference/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109171914/https://www.anc1912.org.za/49th-national-conference-national-executive-committee-as-elected-at-conference/ |archive-date=9 November 2021 |access-date=4 December 2021 |website=ANC |date=25 March 2021 }}</ref> However, in 1996, he resigned from ANC office and from Parliament and announced his retreat from politics,<ref>{{cite web |date=14 April 1996 |title=Top S. African Official Quits for Business Post |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-04-14-mn-58558-story.html |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=Los Angeles Times |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106160510/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-04-14-mn-58558-story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> reportedly because he was disappointed that [[Thabo Mbeki]] had been anointed Mandela's successor.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gedye |first=Lloyd |date=2 November 2012 |title=Ramaphosa: The ANC's prodigal son returns |work=Mail & Guardian |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-02-00-ramaphosa-the-ancs-prodigal-son-returns |url-status=live |access-date=11 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112022039/https://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-02-00-ramaphosa-the-ancs-prodigal-son-returns |archive-date=12 November 2017}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{cite book |last=Lodge |first=Tom |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/99996633 |title=Mandela : a critical life |date=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-151723-5 |location=Oxford |pages=211 |oclc=99996633 |access-date=6 November 2022 |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615143752/https://search.worldcat.org/title/99996633 |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Secretary-general of the ANC ==


==Business career (1996–2014)==
Subsequent to his election as secretary-general of the African National Congress in 1991, he became head of the negotiation team of the ANC in negotiating the end of apartheid with the National Party government. Following the first fully democratic elections in 1994, Ramaphosa became a member of parliament; he was elected the chairperson of its Constitutional Assembly on 24 May 1994 and played a central role in the government of national unity.
After he resigned from politics, Ramaphosa became a businessman, taking advantage of the conducive environment provided by the new [[Black Economic Empowerment]] (BEE) policy. Among other positions, he was executive chairman of the [[Shanduka Group]], a company he founded, which invested in mineral resources, energy, real estate, banking, insurance, and telecoms ([[SEACOM (African cable system)|SEACOM]]).<ref>{{cite news |date=20 September 2010 |title=Shanduka Group sees leadership changes |newspaper=IOL |url=https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/shanduka-group-sees-leadership-changes-808520 |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210720/https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/shanduka-group-sees-leadership-changes-808520 |archive-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> By 2014, Shanduka was worth more than [[South African rand|R]]20-billion, and the Ramaphosa family's Tshivhase Trust was its [[Shareholder|majority shareholder]].'''<ref name=":4">{{cite news |date=18 September 2014 |title=Ramaphosa declares R76-million, rest kept confidential |newspaper=Mail & Guardian |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-09-18-ramaphosa-declares-r76-million-rest-kept-confidential |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210723/https://mg.co.za/article/2014-09-18-ramaphosa-declares-r76-million-rest-kept-confidential |archive-date=8 November 2019}}</ref>''' Ramaphosa was also a chairman of [[Bidvest]], [[MTN Group|MTN]], and from March 2007, [[Mondi]], a leading international paper and packaging group. His other non-executive directorships included Macsteel Holdings, [[Alexander Forbes Group Holdings|Alexander Forbes]], [[SABMiller]], [[Lonmin]], [[Anglo American plc|Anglo American]], and [[Standard Bank]].<ref name=":6">{{cite news |date=23 January 2013 |title=Ramaphosa exits Lonmin, Mondi boards |newspaper=IOL |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/ramaphosa-exits-lonmin-mondi-boards-1457304 |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210723/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/ramaphosa-exits-lonmin-mondi-boards-1457304 |archive-date=8 November 2019}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite web |last=Nsehe |first=Mfonobong |date=5 July 2011 |title=Rich and Powerful Africans: Cyril Ramaphosa |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2011/07/05/rich-and-powerful-africans-cyril-ramaphosa/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=Forbes |archive-date=20 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033825/https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2011/07/05/rich-and-powerful-africans-cyril-ramaphosa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2011, Ramaphosa paid for a 20-year [[master franchise]] agreement to run 145 [[McDonald's]] restaurants in South Africa.<ref name=":9">{{cite news |date=17 March 2011 |title=McDonald's South Africa chain bought by Cyril Ramaphosa |newspaper=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/12777271 |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130012733/https://www.bbc.com/news/12777271 |archive-date=30 November 2019}}</ref> He also belonged to the [[Coca-Cola Company]] International Advisory Board<ref name=":9" /> and the [[Unilever]] Africa Advisory Council.


Ramaphosa's various [[Shareholder|shareholdings]] made him one of South Africa's richest men.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 December 2012 |title=Return of a prodigal son |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21568754-ruling-party-anoints-crown-prince-return-prodigal-son |url-status=live |access-date=26 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805142730/https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21568754-ruling-party-anoints-crown-prince-return-prodigal-son |archive-date=5 August 2017}}</ref> According to the ''[[Sunday Times (South Africa)|Sunday Times]]'', his estimated [[net worth]] of R2.22 billion made him the 13th richest person in South Africa in 2011, and that figure jumped to R3.1 billion in 2012.<ref name=":10">{{cite web |last=Marais |first=Jana |date=16 September 2012 |title=Rich still in pound seats |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2012-09-16-rich-still-in-pound-seats/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=Sunday Times |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106180933/https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/2012-09-16-rich-still-in-pound-seats/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Both estimates, moreover, excluded his unlisted investments through Shanduka, including the McDonald's franchise agreement and a [[Coal mining|coal-mining]] partnership with [[Glencore]].<ref name=":10" />
In 2000, he was appointed to the [[Independent International Commission on Decommissioning]] as an arms inspector, responsible for supervising the decommissioning of [[Provisional IRA]] armaments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/peace/decommission/iicdreports.htm#wi|title=Reports of the Weapons Inspectors|work=Reports and Statements by the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD)|publisher=[[CAIN]]|access-date=11 October 2008|archive-date=6 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206185315/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/peace/decommission/iicdreports.htm#wi|url-status=live}}</ref>


===Cattle farming===
After he lost the race to become [[President of South Africa]] to [[Thabo Mbeki]], he resigned from his political positions in January 1997 and moved to the private sector, where he became a director of New Africa Investments Limited. He came in first place in the 1997 election to the ANC's National Executive Committee.<ref name=Boyle>{{cite web|url=http://www.thetimes.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id%3D666599 |title=Winnie Mandela tops ANC election list |work=[[The Times (South Africa)|The Times]] |access-date=3 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002120731/http://www.thetimes.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=666599 |archive-date=2 October 2008 }}</ref>
During a visit to [[Uganda]] in 2004, Ramaphosa became interested in the [[Ankole (cattle)|Ankole]] breed of [[cattle]]. Because of inadequate disease control measures in Uganda, the South African government denied him permission to import any of the breed. Instead, Ramaphosa purchased 43 cows from Ugandan president [[Yoweri Museveni]] and shipped them to Kenya, where they were [[Artificial insemination|artificially inseminated]]; the embryos were then removed and shipped to South Africa, to be transferred to [[quarantine]]d cows. As of August 2017, Ramaphosa had 100 Ankole breeding cows at his Ntaba Nyoni farm in [[Mpumalanga]].<ref>{{cite web |date=22 August 2017 |title=Ankole Longhorn: Cyril Ramaphosa's passion and pride |url=https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/animals/cattle/ankole-longhorn-cyril-ramaphosas-passion-pride/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016182359/https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/animals/cattle/ankole-longhorn-cyril-ramaphosas-passion-pride/ |archive-date=16 October 2017 |access-date=16 October 2017 |website=Farmers Weekly}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=12 May 2017 |title=Cyril Ramaphosa's Ankole bull sells for R640 000 |url=https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/agri-news/south-africa/cyril-ramaphosas-ankole-bull-sells-r640-000/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016182403/https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/agri-news/south-africa/cyril-ramaphosas-ankole-bull-sells-r640-000/ |archive-date=16 October 2017 |access-date=16 October 2017 |website=Farmers Weekly}}</ref> That year, he co-wrote a book about the breed, ''Cattle of the Ages: Stories, and Portraits of the Ankole Cattle of Southern Africa''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramaphosa writes book on cattle |work=Independent |url=https://www.iol.co.za/ios/news/ramaphosa-writes-book-on-cattle-11567386 |url-status=live |access-date=16 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016173941/https://www.iol.co.za/ios/news/ramaphosa-writes-book-on-cattle-11567386 |archive-date=16 October 2017}}</ref>


===Public service===
While not a member of the [[South African Communist Party]] (SACP), Ramaphosa has claimed that he is a committed socialist.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gon |first1=Sara |title=Ramaphosa says he's a socialist – believe him! - Rational Standard |url=https://irr.org.za/media/ramaphosa-says-he2019s-a-socialist-2013-believe-him-rational-standard |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=irr.org.za |date=27 August 2018 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108212432/https://irr.org.za/media/ramaphosa-says-he2019s-a-socialist-2013-believe-him-rational-standard |url-status=live }}</ref>
His resignation from politics notwithstanding, Ramaphosa occasionally accepted positions in the public eye, both abroad and in South Africa. He became the first Vice Chairman of the [[Commonwealth Business Council]],<ref name=":8" /> and, in 1998, the Chairman of South Africa's BEE Commission.<ref name=":3">{{cite book |author=Black Economic Empowerment Commission |url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2004/5/beecomreport.pdf |title=A National Integrated Black Economic Empowerment Strategy |publisher=Skotaville Press |year=2001 |isbn=9781919882024 |location=Johannesburg |access-date=6 November 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215150205/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/text/2004/5/beecomreport.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2000, he was appointed to the [[Independent International Commission on Decommissioning]] as an arms inspector, responsible for supervising the decommissioning of [[Irish Republican Army]] armaments in [[Northern Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Reports of the Weapons Inspectors |url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/peace/decommission/iicdreports.htm#wi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206185315/http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/peace/decommission/iicdreports.htm#wi |archive-date=6 December 2010 |access-date=11 October 2008 |work=Reports and Statements by the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD) |publisher=[[CAIN]]}}</ref> And, in April 2010, he was appointed by President [[Jacob Zuma]] to the [[National Planning Commission of South Africa|National Planning Commission]], where he served as deputy chairperson to [[Minister in the Presidency]] [[Trevor Manuel]].<ref>{{cite web |date=30 April 2010 |title=Ramaphosa, Godsell on National Planning Commission |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2010-04-30-ramaphosa-godsell-on-national-planning-commission/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=The Mail & Guardian |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106180933/https://mg.co.za/article/2010-04-30-ramaphosa-godsell-on-national-planning-commission/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


In the [[2007–2008 Kenyan crisis]], which followed the [[2007 Kenyan presidential election|disputed re-election]] of President [[Mwai Kibaki]] in December 2007, Ramaphosa was unanimously chosen by [[Kofi Annan]]'s [[mediation]] team to be the chief mediator in charge of long-term talks. However, Kibaki's government protested Ramaphosa's involvement, saying that he had business links with Kibaki's opponent [[Raila Odinga]].<ref name=":11">{{cite web |date=4 February 2008 |title=Kenya Rejects S African Mediator |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/0B264046-B4C2-415D-966F-D6F70D1A43EE.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207125543/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/0B264046-B4C2-415D-966F-D6F70D1A43EE.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 |access-date=4 February 2008 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> According to Ramaphosa, Odinga had visited him in 2007, but he did not have any "special interest" that would lead him to favour one side or the other;<ref>{{cite web |title=IOL: News for South Africa and the World |url=http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id%3D1%26click_id%3D68%26art_id%3Dvn20080204060448336C666005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 |archive-date=15 June 2006 |access-date=7 February 2008}}</ref> however, he said that he could not be an effective mediator without "the trust and confidence of all parties" and that he did not wish to become an obstacle to the negotiations.<ref>{{cite web |title=IOL: News for South Africa and the World |url=http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id%3D1%26click_id%3D3016%26art_id%3Dnw20080204142426222C284380 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 |archive-date=15 June 2006 |access-date=8 February 2008}}</ref> He therefore withdrew from the talks on 4 February.<ref name=":11" /> However, he returned to a peacemaking role in 2014, when – in his capacity as Deputy Chairperson of the National Planning Commission – he served as the South African President's [[Special Envoy]] to [[South Sudan]] during the [[South Sudanese Civil War|South Sudanese civil war]].<ref>{{cite web |date=5 March 2014 |title=Deputy Chairperson Cyril Ramaphosa undertakes working visit to South Sudan, 5 to 12 Mar |url=https://www.gov.za/special-envoy-south-sudan-mr-cyril-ramaphosa-deputy-chairperson-national-planning-commission-visits |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=South African Government |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106180937/https://www.gov.za/special-envoy-south-sudan-mr-cyril-ramaphosa-deputy-chairperson-national-planning-commission-visits |url-status=live }}</ref>
The media continually speculated on Ramaphosa joining the race for the presidency of the ANC in 2007, before the 2009 South African presidential election.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news24.com/City_Press/News/0,,186-187_1971945,00.html |title=News24, South Africa's premier news source, provides breaking news on national, world, Africa, sport, entertainment, technology & more. |work=News24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516130427/http://www.news24.com/City_Press/News/0%2C%2C186-187_1971945%2C00.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 }}</ref> However, he stated that he is not interested in the presidency. On 2 September 2007, ''The Sunday Times'' reported that Ramaphosa was in the election race, but by that evening he had released a statement once again holding back on any commitment.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://africa.reuters.com/top/news/usnBAN257206.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130202022822/http://africa.reuters.com/top/news/usnBAN257206.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2013|title=Reuters.com|work=Reuters}}</ref>


Ramaphosa also continued to accept nominations to the [[National Executive Committee of the African National Congress|National Executive Committee]] of the ANC: at the [[50th National Conference of the African National Congress|50th National Conference]] in 1997, he received the most votes of any candidate;<ref>{{cite web |date=10 November 2014 |title=50th National Conference: NEC Election Results |url=http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=2451 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110194329/http://www.anc.org.za/show.php?id=2451 |archive-date=10 November 2014 |access-date=10 December 2021 |website=ANC}}</ref> and at the [[51st National Conference of the African National Congress|51st National Conference]] in 2002, he received the second-most.<ref name=":5">{{cite web |last=Battersby |first=John |date=20 December 2002 |title=ANC gets tough on Reds in its bed |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/anc-gets-tough-on-reds-in-its-bed-99198 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210125931/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/anc-gets-tough-on-reds-in-its-bed-99198 |archive-date=10 December 2021 |access-date=10 December 2021 |website=IOL }}</ref> Ahead of the [[52nd National Conference of the African National Congress|52nd National Conference]] in 2007, he denied persistent rumours that he intended to join the race to replace Mbeki as ANC president;<ref>{{cite web |last=Le Roux |first=Mariette |date=24 June 2006 |title=Mandela remains neutral on Ramaphosa |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/mandela-remains-neutral-on-ramaphosa-286665 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210082032/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/mandela-remains-neutral-on-ramaphosa-286665 |archive-date=10 December 2021 |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=IOL }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 July 2006 |title=Ramaphosa joins ANC race |url=http://www.news24.com/City_Press/News/0,,186-187_1971945,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516130427/http://www.news24.com/City_Press/News/0%2C%2C186-187_1971945%2C00.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |work=CityPress}}</ref> that year, he ranked 30th on the list of most popular NEC candidates.<ref name="Boyle">{{cite web |last=Boyle |first=Brendan |date=21 December 2007 |title=Winnie Mandela tops ANC election list |url=http://www.thetimes.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id%3D666599 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002120731/http://www.thetimes.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=666599 |archive-date=2 October 2008 |access-date=3 February 2016 |work=[[The Times (South Africa)|The Times]]}}</ref>
In December 2007, he was again elected to the ANC National Executive Committee, this time in 30th place with 1,910 votes.<ref name=Boyle/>


==ANC Deputy Presidency (2012–2017)==
On 20 May 2012, prominent [[Afrikaner]] [[ANC]] member [[Derek Hanekom]] asked Ramaphosa to run for president of the ANC, stating that "We need leaders of comrade Cyril's calibre. I know Cyril is very good at business, but I really wish he would put all his money in a trust and step up for a higher and more senior position". Although it was unknown whether or not Ramaphosa will run for president of the ANC, he attempted to quieten the speculation by responding to Hanekom's comment by stating "You can't read anything [into what he said]. He was joking".<ref>{{cite news |title=Hanekom talks up Ramaphosa |url=https://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Hanekom-talks-up-Ramaphosa-20150429 |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=News24 |date=19 May 2012 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108212146/https://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Hanekom-talks-up-Ramaphosa-20150429 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Main|53rd National Conference of the African National Congress}}
[[File:Cyril Ramaphose greeting President of Chile.jpg|thumb|Ramaphosa meets with Chilean President [[Michelle Bachelet]] in [[Santiago]], 8 August 2014]]


He officially became a candidate for the Deputy Presidency on 17 December 2012 and entered the race with the strong backing of the Zuma camp. On 18 December 2012, he was elected as Deputy President of the ANC. Cyril Ramaphosa received 3,018 votes, while [[Mathews Phosa]] received 470 votes and [[Tokyo Sexwale]] received 463 votes.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cyril Ramaphosa: the return of Nelson Mandela's chosen one |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/20/cyril-ramaphosa-return-nelson-mandela |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=20 December 2012 |archive-date=27 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027052240/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/20/cyril-ramaphosa-return-nelson-mandela |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Subramany |first1=Deshnee |title=Mangaung: The ANC's newly elected top six |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2012-12-18-mangaung-the-ancs-newly-elected-top-six |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=Mail & Guardian |date=18 December 2012 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109013821/https://mg.co.za/article/2012-12-18-mangaung-the-ancs-newly-elected-top-six |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ramaphosa made his return to political leadership in 2012, ahead of the ANC's [[53rd National Conference of the African National Congress|53rd National Conference]], when he received nominations to become ANC Deputy President. On 20 May 2012, [[Derek Hanekom]], an ANC MP, publicly encouraged Ramaphosa to run for the ANC presidency, saying, "We need leaders of comrade Cyril's calibre. I know Cyril is very good at business, but I really wish he would put all his money in a trust and step up for a higher and more senior position". Ramaphosa dismissed the resulting speculation, saying, "You can't read anything [into what Hanekom said]. He was joking".<ref>{{cite news |title=Hanekom talks up Ramaphosa |url=https://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Hanekom-talks-up-Ramaphosa-20150429 |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=News24 |date=19 May 2012 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108212146/https://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Hanekom-talks-up-Ramaphosa-20150429 |url-status=live }}</ref>


Indeed, Ramaphosa did not confirm his intention to accept the deputy presidential nomination until 16 December, the day before the conference began.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 December 2012 |title=ANC attempts to regroup as Nelson Mandela recovers in hospital |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/16/anc-regroups-as-nelson-mandela-recovers |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=The Guardian |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615143751/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/16/anc-regroups-as-nelson-mandela-recovers |url-status=live }}</ref> However, he received strong backing from incumbent President [[Jacob Zuma]] – a partnership viewed as a strategic attempt by Zuma to "outsmart and punish" [[Kgalema Motlanthe]], who was challenging Zuma for the presidency but whose constituency was similar to Ramaphosa's, given their shared union backgrounds and polished reputations.<ref name="Chosen one">{{cite web |last=Munusamy |first=Ranjeni |date=20 December 2012 |title=Cyril Ramaphosa: the return of Nelson Mandela's chosen one |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/20/cyril-ramaphosa-return-nelson-mandela |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=The Guardian |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615143909/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/20/cyril-ramaphosa-return-nelson-mandela |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":24">{{cite web |last=Grootes |first=Stephen |date=13 June 2021 |title=Kgalema Motlanthe returns to support Ramaphosa when trusted people are few and far between |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-06-13-kgalema-motlanthe-returns-to-support-ramaphosa-when-trusted-people-are-few-and-far-between/ |access-date=14 January 2022 |website=Daily Maverick |archive-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114233611/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-06-13-kgalema-motlanthe-returns-to-support-ramaphosa-when-trusted-people-are-few-and-far-between/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Ramaphosa elected ANC Deputy President in a resounding victory on 18 December: he received 3,018 votes, while [[Mathews Phosa]] received 470 votes and [[Tokyo Sexwale]] received 463 votes.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 December 2012 |title=Cyril Ramaphosa: the return of Nelson Mandela's chosen one |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/20/cyril-ramaphosa-return-nelson-mandela |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027052240/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/20/cyril-ramaphosa-return-nelson-mandela |archive-date=27 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Subramany |first1=Deshnee |date=18 December 2012 |title=Mangaung: The ANC's newly elected top six |newspaper=Mail & Guardian |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2012-12-18-mangaung-the-ancs-newly-elected-top-six |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109013821/https://mg.co.za/article/2012-12-18-mangaung-the-ancs-newly-elected-top-six |archive-date=9 November 2019}}</ref>
==Deputy President of South Africa (2014–2018)==
[[File:Cyril Ramaphose greeting President of Chile.jpg|thumb|Cyril Ramaphosa meets with Chilean president [[Michelle Bachelet]], in 2014]]
Ramaphosa was appointed Deputy President by [[Jacob Zuma]] on 25 May 2014 and sworn into office by Chief Justice [[Mogoeng Mogoeng]] the following day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/ramaphosa-comeback-kid-sa-politics|title=Ramaphosa the comeback kid of SA politics|last=Bauer|first=Nickolaus|website=www.enca.com|access-date=21 February 2018|archive-date=22 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222043746/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/ramaphosa-comeback-kid-sa-politics|url-status=live}}</ref> Following his appointment, Ramaphosa was made Leader of Government Business in the [[National Assembly]] in terms of section 91(4) of the Constitution. His responsibilities included: The affairs of the national executive in Parliament; the programming of parliamentary business initiated by the national executive, within the time allocated for that purpose and ensuring that Cabinet members attend to their parliamentary responsibilities.


==Deputy Presidency of South Africa (2014–2018)==
On 3 June 2014, President Jacob Zuma announced that Ramaphosa would be appointed as chairman of the [[National Planning Commission of South Africa|National Planning Commission]], with Minister in the Presidency for Planning, [[Jeff Radebe]] serving as the commission's deputy chairman.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.channelafrica.co.za/sabc/home/channelafrica/news/details?id=351c8c9a-6fd4-48f9-a6de-5758355cd670&title=Cyril%20Ramaphosa%20Profile|title=Profile for new SA ruling party President|date=2017|website=www.channelafrica.co.za|archive-date=22 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222044014/http://www.channelafrica.co.za/sabc/home/channelafrica/news/details?id=351c8c9a-6fd4-48f9-a6de-5758355cd670&title=Cyril%20Ramaphosa%20Profile|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{See also|Presidency of Jacob Zuma}}


In July 2014, Ramaphosa called for unity in the country, following calls by [[Julius Malema]] to scrap the singing of the [[Afrikaans]] portion of the national anthem. Ramaphosa said: "We are about building a nation and we must extend a hand of friendship, a hand of continued reconciliation to those who feel that the national anthem does not represent them any longer, and it can happen on both sides".<ref>[https://www.news24.com/Drum/Archive/ramaphosa-controversy-over-die-stem-unfortunate-20170728 Ramaphosa: Controversy over "Die Stem" unfortunate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222044043/https://www.news24.com/Drum/Archive/ramaphosa-controversy-over-die-stem-unfortunate-20170728 |date=22 February 2018 }}, ''[[Drum (South African magazine)|Drum]]'', 24 July 2014</ref>
After his reelection in the [[2014 South African general election|2014 elections]], President Zuma appointed Ramaphosa the [[Deputy President of South Africa]] on 25 May 2014; Ramaphosa was sworn into office by Chief Justice [[Mogoeng Mogoeng]] the following day.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bauer |first=Nickolaus |date=25 May 2014 |title=Ramaphosa the comeback kid of SA politics |url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/ramaphosa-comeback-kid-sa-politics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222043746/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/ramaphosa-comeback-kid-sa-politics |archive-date=22 February 2018 |access-date=21 February 2018 |website=eNCA}}</ref>


After his election as ANC Deputy President, Ramaphosa had begun the process of resigning from various business positions, and in 2014 he concluded the process, as required by the Executive Ethics Code. This entailed his exit from Shanduka,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mataboge |first1=Mmanaledi |date=27 May 2014 |title=Ramaphosa withdraws from Shanduka Group |work=Mail & Guardian |agency= |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-05-27-00-ramaphosa-withdraws-from-shanduka-group |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210721/https://mg.co.za/article/2014-05-27-00-ramaphosa-withdraws-from-shanduka-group |archive-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> from McDonald's South Africa,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peyper |first1=Liesl |date=21 September 2016 |title=Cyril Ramaphosa selling McDonald's SA to foreign firm |newspaper=Fin24 |url=https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Retail/cyril-ramaphosa-selling-mcdonalds-sa-to-foreign-firm-20160921 |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210719/https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Retail/cyril-ramaphosa-selling-mcdonalds-sa-to-foreign-firm-20160921 |archive-date=8 November 2019}}</ref> from platinum producer [[Lonmin]]''',<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" />''' and from all other companies which might give rise to a [[conflict of interest]], particularly in industries [[Regulated market|regulated]] by the government.<ref name=":14">{{cite web |date=26 November 2014 |title=Ramaphosa puts business interests in trust |url=https://www.news24.com/fin24/ramaphosa-puts-business-interests-in-trust-20141126-4 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=Fin24 |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106180934/https://www.news24.com/fin24/ramaphosa-puts-business-interests-in-trust-20141126-4 |url-status=live }}</ref> His other interests – including a [[share trading]] company, his [[livestock]] farms, his property interests, and a [[sports car]] company'''<ref name=":4" />''' – were placed in a [[blind trust]].<ref name=":14" /> Parliament's 2014 Register of Members' Interests reflected over R76-million in company shares held by Ramaphosa (although that figure excluded shares held together with private individuals), as well as his ownership of 30 townhouses in [[Johannesburg]] and two apartments in [[Cape Town]].'''<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite news |date=17 September 2014 |title=Cyril Ramaphosa declares R76m in shares, but&nbsp;... |newspaper=CityPress |url=https://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Cyril-Ramaphosa-declares-R76m-in-shares-but-20150430 |url-status=live |access-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210720/https://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Cyril-Ramaphosa-declares-R76m-in-shares-but-20150430 |archive-date=8 November 2019}}</ref>'''
===Foreign relations===
====Vietnam and Singapore====
Ramaphosa went on a two-day working visit to both Vietnam and Singapore.<ref name="DIRCO">[http://www.dirco.gov.za/dircoenewsletter/newsflasha243-06-10-2016.html Deputy President Ramaphosa On Working Visit to Vietnam and Singapore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207072025/http://www.dirco.gov.za/dircoenewsletter/newsflasha243-06-10-2016.html |date=7 February 2017 }}, [[Department of International Relations and Cooperation]], 10 October 2016</ref> Ramaphosa said that South Africa and Vietnam needed to expand trade.<ref>[http://www.enca.com/south-africa/ramaphosa-in-vietnam-to-boost-trade-ties Ramaphosa in Vietnam to boost trade ties] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222044723/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/ramaphosa-in-vietnam-to-boost-trade-ties |date=22 February 2018 }}, [[eNCA]], 5 October 2016</ref> The two countries have also agreed to co-operate further on education.<ref name="Presidency">[http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/deputy-president-cyril-ramaphosa-arrives-vietnam-working-visit-03-04-october-2016 Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa arrives in Vietnam for a Working Visit from 03-04 October 2016] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222044744/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/content/deputy-president-cyril-ramaphosa-arrives-vietnam-working-visit-03-04-october-2016 |date=22 February 2018 }}, [[President of South Africa|The Presidency]], 3 October 2016</ref> Both working visits were undertaken to consolidate existing bilateral political, economic and trade relations between South Africa and the two countries.
The visit to Singapore provided the South African delegation, led by Ramaphosa, to learn from the Singapore model of economic success and the role of [[state-owned enterprise]]s and economic growth and national developmental objectives of the country.
Bilateral trade has grown significantly with Singapore being South Africa's second-largest trading partner in the [[ASEAN]] region; by 2014 bilateral trade amounted to [[South African rand|R]]28.9&nbsp;billion compared to [[South African rand|R]]23.5&nbsp;billion in 2015.<ref name="Presidency2">[https://www.gov.za/speeches/deputy-president-cyril-ramaphosa-lauds-visit-singapore-9-oct-2016-0000 Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa lauds visit to Singapore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925070829/https://www.gov.za/speeches/deputy-president-cyril-ramaphosa-lauds-visit-singapore-9-oct-2016-0000 |date=25 September 2018 }}, [[President of South Africa|The Presidency]], 9 October 2016</ref>


===Davos===
===Domestic role===
Alongside his duties as Deputy President, Ramaphosa was made Leader of Government Business in the [[National Assembly]] in terms of section 91(4) of the [[Constitution]], a role which involved coordinating between Parliament and [[Second Cabinet of Jacob Zuma|Zuma's cabinet]]. On 3 June, Zuma also appointed him the Chairman of the National Planning Commission, with [[Jeff Radebe]] as his deputy.<ref>{{cite web |last=Paton |first=Carol |date=3 June 2014 |title=Zuma appoints Ramaphosa to planning role |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2014-06-03-zuma-appoints-ramaphosa-to-planning-role/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=Business Day |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106180933/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2014-06-03-zuma-appoints-ramaphosa-to-planning-role/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, Ramaphosa was responsible for developing a proposal to implement a national [[minimum wage]], leading consultation on the matter between Zuma's administration and representatives of labour and business.<ref>{{cite web |last=Orderson |first=Crystal |date=8 February 2017 |title=South Africa's presidential frontrunner announces country's first minimum wage |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/843/south-africas-presidential-frontrunner-announces-countrys-first-minimum-wage/ |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=The Africa Report |archive-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112233400/https://www.theafricareport.com/843/south-africas-presidential-frontrunner-announces-countrys-first-minimum-wage/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The proposal was approved by cabinet in November 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last=Mokone |first=Thabo |date=2 November 2017 |title=National minimum wage to be implemented in May 2018 |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017-11-02-national-minimum-wage-of-r3200-per-month-to-be-implemented-in-may-2018/ |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Sunday Times |archive-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112233402/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017-11-02-national-minimum-wage-of-r3200-per-month-to-be-implemented-in-may-2018/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In January 2018, it was announced that President [[Jacob Zuma]] would not be leading the [[South Africa]]n delegation to the [[World Economic Forum]] for the second time, the South African Government announced that Cyril Ramaphosa would be leading the delegation consisting of several South African cabinet officials to promote investment and business in the country.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Groenewald |first1=Yolandi |title=We'll win over sceptics in Davos - Ramaphosa |url=https://www.fin24.com/Economy/well-win-over-sceptics-in-davos-ramaphosa-20180118 |access-date=9 November 2019 |date=18 January 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109082411/https://www.fin24.com/Economy/well-win-over-sceptics-in-davos-ramaphosa-20180118 |url-status=live }}</ref>


In July 2014, Ramaphosa called for unity in the country after [[Julius Malema]] argued that the [[Afrikaans]] portion of [[Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika|the national anthem]] should be scrapped. Ramaphosa said, "We are about [[Nation-building|building a nation]] and we must extend a hand of friendship, a hand of continued reconciliation to those who feel that the national anthem does not represent them any longer, and it can happen on both sides".<ref>[https://www.news24.com/Drum/Archive/ramaphosa-controversy-over-die-stem-unfortunate-20170728 Ramaphosa: Controversy over "Die Stem" unfortunate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222044043/https://www.news24.com/Drum/Archive/ramaphosa-controversy-over-die-stem-unfortunate-20170728 |date=22 February 2018 }}, ''[[Drum (South African magazine)|Drum]]'', 24 July 2014</ref> Late in Zuma's term, Ramaphosa also began to address publicly the widespread allegations of [[Corruption in South Africa|corruption]] in Zuma's administration.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 January 2017 |title=Ramaphosa steps up to the plate ... at last |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-01-13-00-the-deputy-presidents-pivot-on-zuma-and-corruption-is-laudable-but-why-now/ |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=The Mail & Guardian |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207232525/https://mg.co.za/article/2017-01-13-00-the-deputy-presidents-pivot-on-zuma-and-corruption-is-laudable-but-why-now/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Stance on corruption===
In November 2016, while speaking at the Limpopo Provincial Summit, Ramaphosa said that [[Corruption in South Africa|corruption]] was at the root of the country's [[Economy of South Africa|economic]] ailments. He stated that the [[South African Government]] and business community had to find a way to combat corruption, although he didn't mention it by name.<!-- the existing text added by Kapia76, 12 December 2016 seems to be a fantasy on the issue of corruption, unrelated to what Ramaphosa actually said. Perhaps he said such things elsewhere? --> He suggested the summit should look at addressing quality and depth of leaders within the public and private [[sector (economic)|sector]]s by adhering to the [[National Development Plan 2030|National Development Plan]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.presidency.gov.za/speeches/address-deputy-president-cyril-ramaphosa-limpopo-provincial-economic-summit%2C-polokwane#!slide | title=Address by Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa at the Limpopo Provincial Economic Summit, Polokwane | publisher=The Presidency | date=4 November 2016 | access-date=8 January 2018 | archive-date=8 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108063222/http://www.presidency.gov.za/speeches/address-deputy-president-cyril-ramaphosa-limpopo-provincial-economic-summit%2C-polokwane#!slide | url-status=live }}</ref>


===Foreign relations===
In the lead up to the [[53rd ANC National Conference]] he spoke of the need to remove corruption from the ANC itself.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/the-anc-will-remove-liars-thieves-at-its-elective-conference-in-december-ramaphosa-20171104 | title=The ANC will remove liars, thieves, at its elective conference in December – Ramaphosa | work=[[News24 (website)|News24]] | date=4 November 2017 | access-date=8 January 2018 | first1=James | last1=de Villiers | first2=Austil | last2=Mathebula | archive-date=8 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108063038/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/the-anc-will-remove-liars-thieves-at-its-elective-conference-in-december-ramaphosa-20171104 | url-status=live }}</ref> In his first speech to the Conference as ANC leader he pledged to stamp out corruption.<ref name="first speech as ANC leader">{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/21/cyryl-ramaphosa-stamp-out-corruption-south-africa-anc | title=Ramaphosa pledges corruption crackdown in first speech as ANC leader | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=21 December 2017 | access-date=8 January 2018 | agency=Reuters | location=Johannesburg | archive-date=8 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108153636/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/21/cyryl-ramaphosa-stamp-out-corruption-south-africa-anc | url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Cumbre Global de Gobierno Abierto 2015 (21936041494).jpg|thumb|Ramaphosa at the Global Open Government Summit in [[Mexico City]], 28 October 2015]]


In 2018, Ramaphosa, in Zuma's stead, led South Africa's delegation to the [[World Economic Forum]] in [[Davos]], to promote investment and business in South Africa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Groenewald |first1=Yolandi |date=18 January 2018 |title=We'll win over sceptics in Davos – Ramaphosa |work=Fin24 |url=https://www.fin24.com/Economy/well-win-over-sceptics-in-davos-ramaphosa-20180118 |url-status=live |access-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109082411/https://www.fin24.com/Economy/well-win-over-sceptics-in-davos-ramaphosa-20180118 |archive-date=9 November 2019}}</ref> His other official trips abroad included a two-day working visit to Vietnam and Singapore, the objectives of which included consolidating trade relations, as well as the opportunity for South Africa to learn from the Singaporean economic model and the role it prescribed for [[state-owned enterprise]]s.<ref name="DIRCO">[http://www.dirco.gov.za/dircoenewsletter/newsflasha243-06-10-2016.html "Deputy President Ramaphosa On Working Visit to Vietnam and Singapore"]. ''[[Department of International Relations and Cooperation]]''. 10 October 2016. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207072025/http://www.dirco.gov.za/dircoenewsletter/newsflasha243-06-10-2016.html|date=7 February 2017}}.</ref><ref name="Presidency2">[https://www.gov.za/speeches/deputy-president-cyril-ramaphosa-lauds-visit-singapore-9-oct-2016-0000 "Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa lauds visit to Singapore"] . ''The Presidency''. 9 October 2016. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925070829/https://www.gov.za/speeches/deputy-president-cyril-ramaphosa-lauds-visit-singapore-9-oct-2016-0000|date=25 September 2018}}.</ref><ref>[http://www.enca.com/south-africa/ramaphosa-in-vietnam-to-boost-trade-ties "Ramaphosa in Vietnam to boost trade ties"]. eNCA. 5 October 2016. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222044723/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/ramaphosa-in-vietnam-to-boost-trade-ties|date=22 February 2018}}.</ref> Ramaphosa also continued to serve as Zuma's Special Envoy during the mediation in the South Sudanese conflict,<ref>{{cite web |last=Fabricius |first=Peter |date=4 June 2015 |title=Ramaphosa navigates a minefield in South Sudan |url=https://issafrica.org/iss-today/ramaphosa-navigates-a-minefield-in-south-sudan |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=ISS Africa |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106180938/https://issafrica.org/iss-today/ramaphosa-navigates-a-minefield-in-south-sudan |url-status=live }}</ref> and participated in the [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC) mediation in neighbouring [[Lesotho]].<ref>{{cite web |date=16 February 2017 |title=Electoral Mediation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho and Kenya |url=https://www.accord.org.za/conflict-trends/electoral-mediation-democratic-republic-congo-lesotho-kenya/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=ACCORD |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106180936/https://www.accord.org.za/conflict-trends/electoral-mediation-democratic-republic-congo-lesotho-kenya/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==President of the ANC==


==ANC Presidency (2017–present)==
Ramaphosa has long been considered a potential presidential candidate and ran in the 1997 ANC presidential election, losing to [[Thabo Mbeki]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-02-00-ramaphosa-the-ancs-prodigal-son-returns|title=Ramaphosa: The ANC's prodigal son returns|last=Gedye|first=Lloyd|work=Mail & Guardian|access-date=11 November 2017|archive-date=12 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112022039/https://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-02-00-ramaphosa-the-ancs-prodigal-son-returns|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Election===
{{Main|54th National Conference of the African National Congress}}


Ramaphosa stood for the ANC presidency in 2017, at the expiry of Zuma's term. Although he received the NUM's endorsement as early as September 2016,<ref name="mg.co.za">{{cite web |date=26 September 2016 |title=NUM officially backs Cyril Ramaphosa to succeed Zuma as ANC president |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-09-26-num-enters-anc-succession-debate-launches-ramaphosa-4-president-campaign/ |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=The Mail & Guardian }}</ref> his campaign did not begin until April 2017.<ref>{{cite web |last=Munusamy |first=Ranjeni |date=23 April 2017 |title=#CR2017, We Have Liftoff: Ramaphosa takes aim at Zuma, state capture |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-04-24-cr2017-we-have-liftoff-ramaphosa-takes-aim-at-zuma-state-capture/ |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=Daily Maverick |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615143755/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-04-24-cr2017-we-have-liftoff-ramaphosa-takes-aim-at-zuma-state-capture/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 April 2017 |title=Ramaphosa finally throws hat into the ring, slams Zuptas and ANC vote-buying |url=https://www.biznews.com/leadership/2017/04/24/ramaphosa-zuptas-anc-vote-buying |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611170720/http://www.biznews.com/leadership/2017/04/24/ramaphosa-zuptas-anc-vote-buying/ |archive-date=11 June 2017 |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=BizNews }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 April 2017 |title=Ramaphosa 'launches' campaign with attack on Zuma, Guptas |url=https://www.polity.org.za/print-version/ramaphosa-launches-campaign-with-attack-on-zuma-guptas-2017-04-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207232520/https://www.polity.org.za/print-version/ramaphosa-launches-campaign-with-attack-on-zuma-guptas-2017-04-24 |archive-date=7 December 2021 |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=Polity }}</ref> Under the banner #CR17 Siyavuma,<ref>{{cite news |last=Whittles |first=Govan |date=1 September 2017 |title=ANC presidential race wide open |work=Mail & Guardian |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-09-01-00-anc-presidential-race-wide-open |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912225551/https://mg.co.za/article/2017-09-01-00-anc-presidential-race-wide-open |archive-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> Ramaphosa ran on anti-corruption platform, with an emphasis on economic policies conducive to [[industrialisation]] and investment.<ref>{{cite news |last1=de Villiers |first1=James |last2=Mathebula |first2=Austil |date=4 November 2017 |title=The ANC will remove liars, thieves, at its elective conference in December – Ramaphosa |work=[[News24 (website)|News24]] |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/the-anc-will-remove-liars-thieves-at-its-elective-conference-in-december-ramaphosa-20171104 |url-status=live |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108063038/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/the-anc-will-remove-liars-thieves-at-its-elective-conference-in-december-ramaphosa-20171104 |archive-date=8 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=6 August 2017 |title=No going back for presidential hopeful Ramaphosa |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/no-going-back-for-presidential-hopeful-ramaphosa-20170805 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910220945/http://www.news24.com/southafrica/news/no-going-back-for-presidential-hopeful-ramaphosa-20170805 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |access-date=18 December 2017 |website=News24}}</ref> He was endorsed by Cosatu and the SACP;<ref name=":12">{{cite web |date=1 September 2017 |title=ANC presidential race wide open |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-09-01-00-anc-presidential-race-wide-open/ |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=The Mail & Guardian |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207232528/https://mg.co.za/article/2017-09-01-00-anc-presidential-race-wide-open/ |url-status=live }}</ref> by the provincial leadership of the ANC's [[Northern Cape]], [[Eastern Cape]], and [[Gauteng]] provinces; and by politicians including education minister [[Angie Motshekga]],<ref>{{cite web |date=3 December 2017 |title=Motshekga jumps off ANCWL's NDZ bandwagon, picks Ramaphosa |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1747650/motshekga-jumps-off-ancwls-ndz-bandwagon-picks-ramaphosa/ |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=The Citizen |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207234025/https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1747650/motshekga-jumps-off-ancwls-ndz-bandwagon-picks-ramaphosa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> former finance minister [[Pravin Gordhan]],<ref name=":22">{{cite news |last=Cotterill |first=Joseph |date=10 October 2017 |title=ANC looks to 'compromise' candidate to end toxic power struggle |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/1c6721c2-a9d3-11e7-ab55-27219df83c97 |access-date=7 December 2021 |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207232520/https://www.ft.com/content/1c6721c2-a9d3-11e7-ab55-27219df83c97 |url-status=live }}</ref> Cosatu president [[Sidumo Dlamini|Sdumo Dlamini]], and former [[Premier of KwaZulu-Natal|KwaZulu-Natal Premier]] [[Senzo Mchunu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1545343/another-endorsement-ramaphosa-west-rand-anc-backs-president/|title=Another endorsement for Ramaphosa as West Rand ANC backs him for president|work=Citizen|date=17 June 2017|access-date=18 December 2017|archive-date=4 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904195631/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1545343/another-endorsement-ramaphosa-west-rand-anc-backs-president/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ramaphosa announced that he would seek the ANC presidency in 2017, with his second run for president.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/no-going-back-for-presidential-hopeful-ramaphosa-20170805|title=No going back for presidential hopeful Ramaphosa|access-date=18 December 2017|date=6 August 2017|archive-date=10 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910220945/http://www.news24.com/southafrica/news/no-going-back-for-presidential-hopeful-ramaphosa-20170805|url-status=live}}</ref> Ramaphosa launched his campaign slogan as #CR17 Siyavuma.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-09-01-00-anc-presidential-race-wide-open|title=ANC presidential race wide open|last=Whittles|first=Govan|work=Mail & Guardian|access-date=12 September 2017|archive-date=12 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912225551/https://mg.co.za/article/2017-09-01-00-anc-presidential-race-wide-open|url-status=live}}</ref>


Ramaphosa's primary opponent was [[Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma]], who had the endorsement of Zuma, her ex-husband. On 18 December 2017, he was elected the President of the ANC at the party's [[54th National Conference of the African National Congress|54th National Conference]], defeating Dlamini-Zuma by 2,440 votes to 2,261.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/18/cyril-ramaphosa-chosen-to-lead-south-africas-ruling-anc-party|title=Cyril Ramaphosa chosen to lead South Africa's ruling ANC party|first=Jason|last=Burke|date=18 December 2017|access-date=18 December 2017|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-date=18 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218173456/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/18/cyril-ramaphosa-chosen-to-lead-south-africas-ruling-anc-party|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=18 December 2017 |title=Cyril Ramaphosa wins ANC presidential race |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/anc-conference-2017/2017-12-18-cyril-ramaphosa-wins-anc-presidential-race/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219015645/https://www.timeslive.co.za/anc-conference-2017/2017-12-18-cyril-ramaphosa-wins-anc-presidential-race/ |archive-date=19 December 2017 |access-date=18 December 2017 |website=Sunday Times}}</ref>
By August 2017, Ramaphosa had received the endorsement of the trade union [[COSATU]], the [[National Union of Mineworkers (South Africa)|National Union of Mineworkers]] as well as the Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, and Gauteng provincial ANC leadership. Individuals who also stepped forward to support Ramaphosa include education minister Angie Motshekga, Cosatu's president Sdumo Dlamini, former finance minister [[Pravin Gordhan]] and former KwaZulu-Natal Premier [[Senzo Mchunu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1545343/another-endorsement-ramaphosa-west-rand-anc-backs-president/|title=Another endorsement for Ramaphosa as West Rand ANC backs him for president|first=Citizen|last=Reporter|date=17 June 2017|access-date=18 December 2017|archive-date=4 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904195631/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1545343/another-endorsement-ramaphosa-west-rand-anc-backs-president/|url-status=live}}</ref>


===Renewal project===
On 18 December 2017, Ramaphosa was elected the president of the ANC at the party's [[54th National Conference of the African National Congress|54th Elective Conference]], defeating his rival [[Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma]], ex-wife of President Zuma, by 2,440 votes to 2,261.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/18/cyril-ramaphosa-chosen-to-lead-south-africas-ruling-anc-party|title=Cyril Ramaphosa chosen to lead South Africa's ruling ANC party|first=Jason|last=Burke|date=18 December 2017|access-date=18 December 2017|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-date=18 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218173456/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/18/cyril-ramaphosa-chosen-to-lead-south-africas-ruling-anc-party|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/anc-conference-2017/2017-12-18-cyril-ramaphosa-wins-anc-presidential-race/|title=Cyril Ramaphosa wins ANC presidential race|access-date=18 December 2017|archive-date=19 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219015645/https://www.timeslive.co.za/anc-conference-2017/2017-12-18-cyril-ramaphosa-wins-anc-presidential-race/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In his first speech as ANC leader, Ramaphosa pledged to stamp out corruption in the party.<ref name="first speech as ANC leader">{{cite web |date=21 December 2017 |title=Ramaphosa pledges corruption crackdown in first speech as ANC leader |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/21/cyryl-ramaphosa-stamp-out-corruption-south-africa-anc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108153636/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/21/cyryl-ramaphosa-stamp-out-corruption-south-africa-anc |archive-date=8 January 2018 |access-date=8 January 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=Johannesburg |agency=Reuters}}</ref> He subsequently spearheaded what he said was a campaign to "renew" the ANC internally and to restore its integrity and public image.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 July 2022 |title=Emboldened Ramaphosa hails 'unstoppable ANC renewal' |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/politics/2022-07-31-emboldened-ramaphosa-hails-unstoppable-anc-renewal/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=Business Day |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106160508/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/politics/2022-07-31-emboldened-ramaphosa-hails-unstoppable-anc-renewal/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Tandwa |first=Lizeka |date=8 January 2022 |title=Ramaphosa warns ANC members to get with party renewal programme or get out |url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2022-01-08-ramaphosa-warns-anc-members-to-get-with-party-renewal-programme-or-get-out/ |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=The Mail & Guardian |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106160508/https://mg.co.za/politics/2022-01-08-ramaphosa-warns-anc-members-to-get-with-party-renewal-programme-or-get-out/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kotze |first=Dirk |date=6 August 2022 |title=Ramaphosa's 'reformist renewal plan' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/opinion/ramaphosas-reformist-renewal-plan-8757732d-8584-4544-b72b-4bf1cf33eab7 |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=Independent Online |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106160508/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/opinion/ramaphosas-reformist-renewal-plan-8757732d-8584-4544-b72b-4bf1cf33eab7 |url-status=live }}</ref> Among other things, this campaign entailed the implementation of the new [[step-aside rule]] to suspend ANC leaders accused of corruption. This, in turn, led to a confrontation with ANC Secretary-General [[Ace Magashule]], who, upon his suspension from the party in May 2021, attempted to retaliate by suspending Ramaphosa, accusing him of irregularities in the financing of the CR2017 campaign. Magashule's attempt had no legal force because of his own suspension.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 May 2021 |title=Even if letter is legit, Magashule has no power to suspend Ramaphosa, says Gwede Mantashe |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2021-05-05-even-if-letter-is-legit-magashule-has-no-power-to-suspend-ramaphosa-says-gwede-mantashe/ |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=Sunday Times |archive-date=8 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508062948/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2021-05-05-even-if-letter-is-legit-magashule-has-no-power-to-suspend-ramaphosa-says-gwede-mantashe/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


In December 2022, Ramaphosa was re-elected leader of the ANC, running against Zweli Mkhize, for a second five-year term.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 December 2022 |title=Ramaphosa re-elected as ANC leader following 'farmgate' scandal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/19/cyril-ramaphosa-re-elected-as-leader-of-anc-in-south-africa |access-date=20 December 2022 |website=The Guardian |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615143754/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/19/cyril-ramaphosa-re-elected-as-leader-of-anc-in-south-africa |url-status=live }}</ref> The next parliamentary general election which took place in [[2024 South African general election|2024]] saw the ANC lose its parliamentary majority.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.enca.com/news-top-stories/2024-elections-enca-projects-anc-will-take-45-national-vote|title=2024 ELECTIONS: eNCA Project ANC Will Take 45% Of National Vote|publisher=eNCA|date=30 May 2024|accessdate=14 June 2024|archive-date=30 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530123735/https://www.enca.com/news-top-stories/2024-elections-enca-projects-anc-will-take-45-national-vote|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=ancda>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8007w4vqveo|title=ANC and DA agree on South Africa unity government|first1=Farouk|last1=Chothia|first2=Danai Kesta|last2=Kupemba|first3=Barbra|last3=Plett-Usher|publisher=BBC News|date=14 June 2024|accessdate=14 June 2024|archive-date=14 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614112052/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8007w4vqveo|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=ramaphosare-elected/> Despite this, Ramaphosa would secure a third term as president in June 2024 after the ANC secured a coalition with the [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|Democratic Alliance]] (DA), the [[Inkatha Freedom Party]] (IFP) and the [[Patriotic Alliance]] (PA) parties.<ref name=ancda/><ref name=ramaphosare-elected/> Ramaphosa received 283 votes to [[Economic Freedom Fighters]] (EFF) leader [[Julius Malema]]’s 44 in the 400-member house.<ref name=ramaphosare-elected />
On 5 May 2021, a letter by suspended party secretary-general, Ace Magashule, was leaked in which Magashule suspends Ramaphosa as ANC president. The reason for the suspension is related to accusations of irregularities in his party election campaign in 2017. However, Gwede Mantashe, national chairperson, indicated that the suspension is invalid, as Magashule was himself suspended at the time of writing the letter<ref>{{Cite web|title=Even if letter is legit, Magashule has no power to suspend Ramaphosa, says Gwede Mantashe|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2021-05-05-even-if-letter-is-legit-magashule-has-no-power-to-suspend-ramaphosa-says-gwede-mantashe/|access-date=8 May 2021|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref>


==Presidency (2018–present)==
==Presidency of South Africa (2018–present)==

{{Infobox administration
Following President Jacob Zuma's resignation in February 2018, [[2018 South African presidential election|Ramaphosa was elected]] unopposed as [[President of South Africa]] by the National Assembly on 15 February 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-02-15-cyril-ramaphosa-has-been-elected-president-of-south-africa/|title=Cyril Ramaphosa has been elected president of South Africa|access-date=8 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141526/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-02-15-cyril-ramaphosa-has-been-elected-president-of-south-africa/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ramaphosa took his oath of office in the presidential guesthouse, [[Tuynhuys]], by Chief Justice [[Mogoeng Mogoeng]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/catch-it-live-president-ramaphosa-to-take-the-oath-of-office|title=WATCH: President Ramaphosa takes oath of office|website=www.enca.com|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-date=18 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218175630/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/catch-it-live-president-ramaphosa-to-take-the-oath-of-office|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-02-15-the-oath-is-sealed-ramaphosa-is-officially-the-president-of-south-africa/|title=The oath is sealed: Ramaphosa is officially President|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220143832/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-02-15-the-oath-is-sealed-ramaphosa-is-officially-the-president-of-south-africa/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/south-africa-s-cyril-ramaphosa-takes-oath-of-office-1.2174210|title=South Africa's Cyril Ramaphosa takes oath of office|date=15 February 2018|work=GulfNews|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220075749/http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/south-africa-s-cyril-ramaphosa-takes-oath-of-office-1.2174210|url-status=live}}</ref>
| image = President of South Africa MC Ramaphosa speaks to Russian President (28 June 2019).jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| name = Presidency of Cyril Ramaphosa
| term_start = 15 February 2018
| term_end =
| president = Cyril Ramaphosa
| president_link = President of South Africa
| cabinet = [[First Cabinet of Cyril Ramaphosa|1st Ramaphosa Cabinet]] <br/> [[Second Cabinet of Cyril Ramaphosa|2nd Ramaphosa Cabinet]]
| party = [[African National Congress]]
| election = [[2019 South African general election|2019]]
| seat = [[Mahlamba Ndlopfu]], [[Pretoria]]<br/>[[Genadendal Residence]], [[Cape Town]]
| predecessor = [[Jacob Zuma#President of South Africa (2009–2018)|Jacob Zuma presidency]]
| successor =
}}
[[File:2019 Foto de Família - 49064712791.jpg|thumb|Ramaphosa at the [[11th BRICS summit]], 2019|256x256px]]
Following President Jacob Zuma's resignation in February 2018, [[2018 South African presidential election|Ramaphosa was elected]] unopposed as [[President of South Africa]] by the National Assembly on 15 February 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-02-15-cyril-ramaphosa-has-been-elected-president-of-south-africa/|title=Cyril Ramaphosa has been elected president of South Africa|access-date=8 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141526/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-02-15-cyril-ramaphosa-has-been-elected-president-of-south-africa/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ramaphosa took his oath of office in the presidential guesthouse, [[Tuynhuys]], by Chief Justice [[Mogoeng Mogoeng]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/south-africa/catch-it-live-president-ramaphosa-to-take-the-oath-of-office|title=WATCH: President Ramaphosa takes oath of office|website=www.enca.com|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-date=18 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218175630/http://www.enca.com/south-africa/catch-it-live-president-ramaphosa-to-take-the-oath-of-office|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-02-15-the-oath-is-sealed-ramaphosa-is-officially-the-president-of-south-africa/|title=The oath is sealed: Ramaphosa is officially President|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220143832/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2018-02-15-the-oath-is-sealed-ramaphosa-is-officially-the-president-of-south-africa/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/south-africa-s-cyril-ramaphosa-takes-oath-of-office-1.2174210|title=South Africa's Cyril Ramaphosa takes oath of office|last=AP|first=AFP, Bloomberg|date=15 February 2018|work=GulfNews|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220075749/http://gulfnews.com/news/africa/south-africa-s-cyril-ramaphosa-takes-oath-of-office-1.2174210|url-status=live}}</ref>


Markets rallied strongly the day after Ramaphosa assumed the presidency with stocks rising and the rand reaching its firmest since early 2015. [[Government bond]]s also increased in strength.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rand rallies over 4% as Ramaphosa takes ANC top job in close contest |url=https://www.fin24.com/Markets/Currencies/rand-rallies-over-4-as-ramaphosa-takes-anc-top-job-in-close-contest-20171218? |access-date=25 December 2018 |work=Fin24 |date=18 December 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225121642/https://www.fin24.com/Markets/Currencies/rand-rallies-over-4-as-ramaphosa-takes-anc-top-job-in-close-contest-20171218 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Khanyile |first1=Neo |title=Stocks rally as Ramaphosa seen as watershed |url=https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news-fast-news/stocks-rally-as-ramaphosa-seen-as-watershed/ |access-date=25 December 2018 |work=Moneyweb |agency=Bloomberg |date=19 December 2017 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035613/https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news-fast-news/stocks-rally-as-ramaphosa-seen-as-watershed/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Markets rallied strongly the day after Ramaphosa assumed the presidency with stocks rising and the rand reaching its firmest since early 2015. [[Government bond]]s also increased in strength.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rand rallies over 4% as Ramaphosa takes ANC top job in close contest |url=https://www.fin24.com/Markets/Currencies/rand-rallies-over-4-as-ramaphosa-takes-anc-top-job-in-close-contest-20171218? |access-date=25 December 2018 |work=Fin24 |date=18 December 2017 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225121642/https://www.fin24.com/Markets/Currencies/rand-rallies-over-4-as-ramaphosa-takes-anc-top-job-in-close-contest-20171218 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Khanyile |first1=Neo |title=Stocks rally as Ramaphosa seen as watershed |url=https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news-fast-news/stocks-rally-as-ramaphosa-seen-as-watershed/ |access-date=25 December 2018 |work=Moneyweb |agency=Bloomberg |date=19 December 2017 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035613/https://www.moneyweb.co.za/news-fast-news/stocks-rally-as-ramaphosa-seen-as-watershed/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


On 16 February 2018, Ramaphosa gave his first [[State of the Nation Address (South Africa)|State of the Nation Address]] as the [[president of South Africa]], the first time in a democratic South Africa where the president delivered his State of the Nation Address without a deputy president. Ramaphosa emphasised the need to grow the [[economy of South Africa]], increase tourism and youth employment, as well as reduce the size of the Cabinet. In this speech, Ramaphosa also focused on the importance of keeping Mandela's legacy alive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/16/cyril-ramaphosa-south-africa-president-first-major-speech|title=South Africa: Ramaphosa invokes Mandela in first major speech|last=Burke|first=Jason|date=16 February 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220004248/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/16/cyril-ramaphosa-south-africa-president-first-major-speech|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 16 February 2018, Ramaphosa gave his first [[State of the Nation Address (South Africa)|State of the Nation Address]] as the [[president of South Africa]], the first time in a democratic South Africa where the president delivered his State of the Nation Address without a deputy president. Ramaphosa emphasised the need to grow the [[economy of South Africa]], increase tourism and youth employment, as well as reduce the size of the Cabinet. In this speech, Ramaphosa also focused on the importance of keeping Mandela's legacy alive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/16/cyril-ramaphosa-south-africa-president-first-major-speech|title=South Africa: Ramaphosa invokes Mandela in first major speech|last=Burke|first=Jason|date=16 February 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=20 February 2018|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220004248/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/16/cyril-ramaphosa-south-africa-president-first-major-speech|url-status=live}}</ref>


Ramaphosa's speech was met with mostly positive reviews from opposition parties saying that his speech was positive and that it would bring about change, but that they would hold him accountable.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Merten |first1=Marianne |title=SONA 2018: President Ramaphosa promises to turn the tide of corruption |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-02-17-sona-2018-president-ramaphosa-promises-to-turn-the-tide-of-corruption/amp/ |date=17 February 2017 |access-date=25 December 2018 |work=Daily Maverick |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226040425/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-02-17-sona-2018-president-ramaphosa-promises-to-turn-the-tide-of-corruption/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Herman |first1=Paul |title=Ramaphosa promises corruption crackdown at maiden SONA |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/ramaphosa-promises-corruption-crackdown-at-maiden-sona-20180216? |access-date=25 December 2018 |work=News24 |date=16 February 2018 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035640/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/ramaphosa-promises-corruption-crackdown-at-maiden-sona-20180216 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ramaphosa's speech was met with mostly positive reviews from opposition parties saying that his speech was positive and that it would bring about change, but that they would hold him accountable.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Merten |first1=Marianne |title=SONA 2018: President Ramaphosa promises to turn the tide of corruption |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-02-17-sona-2018-president-ramaphosa-promises-to-turn-the-tide-of-corruption/amp/ |date=17 February 2017 |access-date=25 December 2018 |work=Daily Maverick |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226040425/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-02-17-sona-2018-president-ramaphosa-promises-to-turn-the-tide-of-corruption/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Herman |first1=Paul |title=Ramaphosa promises corruption crackdown at maiden SONA |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/ramaphosa-promises-corruption-crackdown-at-maiden-sona-20180216? |access-date=25 December 2018 |work=News24 |date=16 February 2018 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226035640/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/ramaphosa-promises-corruption-crackdown-at-maiden-sona-20180216 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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On 26 February 2018, Ramaphosa, who had inherited [[Jacob Zuma]]'s cabinet, reshuffled cabinet for the first time removing many of the cabinet members who had been controversial through the Zuma era and who had close links to the [[Gupta family]]. Ramaphosa also named the [[deputy president]] of the [[African National Congress]] and the [[Premier of Mpumalanga]], [[David Mabuza]], as the country's [[Deputy President]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Crabtee |first1=Justina |title=Ramaphosa cabinet reshuffle sees investor favorites return to run South Africa's economy |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/27/ramaphosa-cabinet-reshuffle-sees-investor-favorites-return-to-run-south-africa-economy.html |newspaper=CNBC |access-date=9 November 2019 |date=27 February 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084359/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/27/ramaphosa-cabinet-reshuffle-sees-investor-favorites-return-to-run-south-africa-economy.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ramaphosa's Cabinet reshuffle leaves some happy, others not, as it happened |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-ramaphosa-postpones-cabinet-reshuffle-with-hour-20180226 |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=News24 |date=26 February 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084358/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-ramaphosa-postpones-cabinet-reshuffle-with-hour-20180226 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 26 February 2018, Ramaphosa, who had inherited [[Jacob Zuma]]'s cabinet, reshuffled cabinet for the first time removing many of the cabinet members who had been controversial through the Zuma era and who had close links to the [[Gupta family]]. Ramaphosa also named the [[deputy president]] of the [[African National Congress]] and the [[Premier of Mpumalanga]], [[David Mabuza]], as the country's [[Deputy President]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Crabtee |first1=Justina |title=Ramaphosa cabinet reshuffle sees investor favorites return to run South Africa's economy |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/27/ramaphosa-cabinet-reshuffle-sees-investor-favorites-return-to-run-south-africa-economy.html |newspaper=CNBC |access-date=9 November 2019 |date=27 February 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084359/https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/27/ramaphosa-cabinet-reshuffle-sees-investor-favorites-return-to-run-south-africa-economy.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ramaphosa's Cabinet reshuffle leaves some happy, others not, as it happened |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-ramaphosa-postpones-cabinet-reshuffle-with-hour-20180226 |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=News24 |date=26 February 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084358/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/live-ramaphosa-postpones-cabinet-reshuffle-with-hour-20180226 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Vladimir Putin and Cyril Ramaphosa (2023-06-17).jpg|thumb|Ramaphosa with Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] in St. Petersburg on 17 June 2023]]
On 8 May 2019, the African National Congress led by President Ramaphosa won 57.50% of the vote in the [[2019 South African general election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/05/11/722416428/south-africas-president-ramaphosa-anc-hold-on-to-power-in-national-elections|title=South Africa's President Ramaphosa, ANC Hold On To Power In National Elections|website=NPR.org|date=11 May 2019 |access-date=11 May 2019|archive-date=11 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511180900/https://www.npr.org/2019/05/11/722416428/south-africas-president-ramaphosa-anc-hold-on-to-power-in-national-elections|url-status=live|last1=Booker |first1=Brakkton }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.org.za/NPEDashboard/app/dashboard.html|title=National Assembly 2019|website=Elections.org.za|access-date=15 May 2019|archive-date=11 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511040502/https://www.elections.org.za/NPEDashboard/app/dashboard.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ramaphosa was subsequently elected unopposed to his first full term as president by the National Assembly on 22 May 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/6thparliament-ramaphosa-elected-as-president-23774422|title=#6thParliament: Ramaphosa elected as president |website=www.iol.co.za|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-date=25 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525074410/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/6thparliament-ramaphosa-elected-as-president-23774422|url-status=live}}</ref> As Ramaphosa had previously been elected as president to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of his predecessor, he is constitutionally eligible to serve two full terms.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996-chapter-5-president-and-national-executive|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 – Chapter 5: The President and National Executive|website=South African Government|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-date=13 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613180255/https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996-chapter-5-president-and-national-executive|url-status=live}}</ref>


At the 2020 AU summit, Ramaphosa expressed support for the [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] and described it as a major driver for reigniting industrialization and paving the way for Africa's integration into the global market.<ref name=cyrilsupport>{{cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to "silence the guns," boost trade and close gender gap|first=Simon|last=Ateba|publisher=Today News Africa|date=10 February 2020|access-date=10 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ramaphosa also stated that the free trade agreement will make Africa a player of considerable weight and scale in the global market as well.<ref name=cyrilsupport />
Ramaphosa made his first international trip as the president of South Africa on 2 March 2018 to the [[Angola|Republic of Angola]] and met with President [[João Lourenço]] as the chair of the [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramaphosa on first official visit to Angola on Friday |url=http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/ramaphosa-first-official-visit-angola-friday/ |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=SABC NEWS |date=1 March 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084401/http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/ramaphosa-first-official-visit-angola-friday/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


At the 2020 AU Summit, Ramaphosa also expressed support for closing the gender gap and ending gender inequality.<ref name=cyrilsupport />
On 8 May 2019, the African National Congress led by President Ramaphosa won 57.50% of the vote in the [[2019 South African general election]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2019/05/11/722416428/south-africas-president-ramaphosa-anc-hold-on-to-power-in-national-elections|title=South Africa's President Ramaphosa, ANC Hold On To Power In National Elections|website=NPR.org|date=11 May 2019 |access-date=11 May 2019|archive-date=11 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511180900/https://www.npr.org/2019/05/11/722416428/south-africas-president-ramaphosa-anc-hold-on-to-power-in-national-elections|url-status=live|last1=Booker |first1=Brakkton }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.org.za/NPEDashboard/app/dashboard.html|title=National Assembly 2019|website=Elections.org.za|access-date=15 May 2019|archive-date=11 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511040502/https://www.elections.org.za/NPEDashboard/app/dashboard.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ramaphosa was subsequently elected unopposed to his first full term as president by the National Assembly on 22 May 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/6thparliament-ramaphosa-elected-as-president-23774422|title=#6thParliament: Ramaphosa elected as president {{!}} IOL News|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-date=25 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525074410/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/6thparliament-ramaphosa-elected-as-president-23774422|url-status=live}}</ref> As Ramaphosa had previously been elected as president to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of his predecessor, he is constitutionally eligible to serve two full terms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996-chapter-5-president-and-national-executive|title=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 5: The President and National Executive|website=South African Government|access-date=24 May 2019|archive-date=13 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190613180255/https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996-chapter-5-president-and-national-executive|url-status=live}}</ref>


His government responded to the [[2021 South African unrest]], the deadliest riots in South Africa since the [[Apartheid|apartheid era]].<ref>{{cite web|title=South Africa links 12 suspected instigators to riots|website=[[YouTube]]|date=21 July 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMd6qIT8hTQ|access-date=11 December 2021|archive-date=11 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211223701/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMd6qIT8hTQ|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 19 July 2019, the Public Protector, [[Busisiwe Mkhwebane]], released a report in which she claimed that Ramaphosa had intentionally misled the [[Parliament of South Africa]] over the controversial Bosasa donations to his CR17 ANC presidential campaign. COPE Leader [[Mosiuoa Lekota]] called for Ramaphosa to be impeached while DA Leader [[Mmusi Maimane]] proposed the establishment of an ad hoc committee to effectively investigate these allegations. Ramaphosa briefed the nation on 21 July 2019 and described the report as "fundamentally flawed" and called for a judicial review of Mkhwebane's findings.<ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-07-21-ramaphosa-to-launch-urgent-judicial-review-of-mkhwebanes-findings/ Ramaphosa to launch an urgent judicial review of Mkhwebane's findings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721162854/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-07-21-ramaphosa-to-launch-urgent-judicial-review-of-mkhwebanes-findings/ |date=21 July 2019 }}. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/just-in-ramaphosa-to-brief-the-nation-on-public-protectors-bosasa-report-20190721 Ramaphosa to brief the nation on Public Protector's Bosasa report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721162856/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/just-in-ramaphosa-to-brief-the-nation-on-public-protectors-bosasa-report-20190721 |date=21 July 2019 }}. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.</ref><ref>[https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/2157339/ramaphosa-in-desperate-fight-to-defend-his-presidency/ Ramaphosa in desperate fight to defend his presidency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721162856/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/2157339/ramaphosa-in-desperate-fight-to-defend-his-presidency/ |date=21 July 2019 }}. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.enca.com/news/da-want-ad-hoc-committee-examine-pps-ramaphosa-findings DA wants committee to examine PP's Ramaphosa findings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721162852/https://www.enca.com/news/da-want-ad-hoc-committee-examine-pps-ramaphosa-findings |date=21 July 2019 }}. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2019-07-19-cyril-ramaphosa-must-be-impeached-says-mosiuoa-lekota/ Cyril Ramaphosa must be impeached, says Mosiuoa Lekota] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721162856/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2019-07-19-cyril-ramaphosa-must-be-impeached-says-mosiuoa-lekota/ |date=21 July 2019 }}. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.</ref>


Ramaphosa was re-elected as President for a second term on 14 June 2024 with the support of the [[Democratic Alliance (South Africa)|Democratic Alliance]] and other opposition parties after ANC failed to win an outright majority in the [[2024 South African general election|2024 general elections]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cyril Ramaphosa re-elected South African president after ANC, DA reach deal |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/14/south-africas-parliament-choosing-president-amidst-uncertainty |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Ramaphosa was inaugurated and took his oath of office at the [[Union Buildings]] in Pretoria on 19 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cyril Ramaphosa vows 'new era' for South Africa at presidential inauguration |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3gge414vk9o |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
At the 2020 AU summit, Ramaphosa expressed support for the [[African Continental Free Trade Area]] and described it as a major driver for reigniting industrialization and paving the way for Africa's integration into the global market.<ref name=cyrilsupport>{{cite news|url=https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|title=South African President Cyril Ramaphosa elected African Union Chairperson as continent vows to "silence the guns," boost trade and close gender gap|author=Simon|publisher=Today News Africa|date=10 February 2020|access-date=10 February 2020|archive-date=16 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216015953/https://todaynewsafrica.com/south-african-president-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-african-union-chairperson-as-continent-vows-to-silence-the-guns-boost-trade-and-close-gender-gap/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ramaphosa also stated that the free trade agreement will make Africa a player of considerable weight and scale in the global market as well.<ref name=cyrilsupport />


===Domestic policy===
At the 2020 AU Summit, Ramaphosa also expressed support for closing the gender gap and ending gender inequality.<ref name=cyrilsupport />
[[File:President of South Africa MC Ramaphosa speaks to Russian President (28 June 2019).jpg|thumb|200px|Ramaphosa in 2019]]


His government responded to the [[2021 South African unrest]], the deadliest riots since [[Apartheid]].<ref>{{Citation|title=South Africa links 12 suspected instigators to riots|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMd6qIT8hTQ|language=en|access-date=11 December 2021}}</ref>

===Domestic policy===
Since Ramaphosa became president he has made [[land reform]] and the economy his main priorities, as well as dealing with the outbreak of [[listeriosis]] which has claimed the lives of over 100 since the start of 2018.
Since Ramaphosa became president he has made [[land reform]] and the economy his main priorities, as well as dealing with the outbreak of [[listeriosis]] which has claimed the lives of over 100 since the start of 2018.


In February 2018, South Africa's parliament voted 241–83 to begin amending the "property clause" in the constitution to allow the expropriation of land without compensation.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Da Silva|first1=Chantal|title=Thousands Sign Petition Asking Trump To Let White Farmers in South Africa Migrate to U.S. After Country Votes To Force Them Off Land|url=http://www.newsweek.com/thousands-sign-petition-asking-trump-allow-white-people-south-africa-migrate-826126|access-date=2 March 2018|magazine=[[Newsweek]]|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=22 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222060921/https://www.newsweek.com/thousands-sign-petition-asking-trump-allow-white-people-south-africa-migrate-826126|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1005178/South-Africa-white-farm-seizure-farmers-ANC/amp|title=South Africa farm seizure: Terrified white farmers plot escape as crackdown looms - World - News - Express.co.uk|website=www.express.co.uk|access-date=23 August 2018|archive-date=22 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822164121/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1005178/South-Africa-white-farm-seizure-farmers-ANC/amp|url-status=live}}</ref>
In February 2018, South Africa's parliament voted 241–83 to begin amending the "property clause" in the constitution to allow the expropriation of land without compensation.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Da Silva |first1=Chantal |author-link=Chantal Da Silva |date=1 March 2018 |title=Thousands Sign Petition Asking Trump To Let White Farmers in South Africa Migrate to U.S. After Country Votes To Force Them Off Land |url=http://www.newsweek.com/thousands-sign-petition-asking-trump-allow-white-people-south-africa-migrate-826126 |url-status=live |magazine=[[Newsweek]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222060921/https://www.newsweek.com/thousands-sign-petition-asking-trump-allow-white-people-south-africa-migrate-826126 |archive-date=22 December 2018 |access-date=2 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1005178/South-Africa-white-farm-seizure-farmers-ANC/amp|title=South Africa farm seizure: Terrified white farmers plot escape as crackdown looms World News Express.co.uk|website=www.express.co.uk|access-date=23 August 2018|archive-date=22 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822164121/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1005178/South-Africa-white-farm-seizure-farmers-ANC/amp|url-status=live}}</ref>


On 19 March 2018, Ramaphosa suspended [[Tom Moyane]] as the Commissioner of the [[South African Revenue Service]] after Moyane had refused to step down.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marrian |first1=Natasha |title=SARS boss Moyane refuses to step down despite Ramaphosa's request |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-03-19-sars-boss-moyane-refuses-to-step-down-despite-ramaphosas-request/ |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=TimesLIVE |date=19 March 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084401/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-03-19-sars-boss-moyane-refuses-to-step-down-despite-ramaphosas-request/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Marrian |first1=Natasha |title=SARS boss Tom Moyane suspended |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2018-03-19-breaking-news-tom-moyane-suspended/ |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=BusinessLIVE |date=19 March 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084401/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2018-03-19-breaking-news-tom-moyane-suspended/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 19 March 2018, Ramaphosa suspended [[Tom Moyane]] as the Commissioner of the [[South African Revenue Service]] after Moyane had refused to step down.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marrian |first1=Natasha |title=SARS boss Moyane refuses to step down despite Ramaphosa's request |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-03-19-sars-boss-moyane-refuses-to-step-down-despite-ramaphosas-request/ |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=TimesLIVE |date=19 March 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084401/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-03-19-sars-boss-moyane-refuses-to-step-down-despite-ramaphosas-request/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Marrian |first1=Natasha |title=SARS boss Tom Moyane suspended |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2018-03-19-breaking-news-tom-moyane-suspended/ |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=BusinessLIVE |date=19 March 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084401/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2018-03-19-breaking-news-tom-moyane-suspended/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


Under his leadership, the [[African National Congress]] has pushed for a constitutional amendment allowing the government to confiscate farms owned by White South Africans. He has said that the state having the power to seize property for no compensation will encourage economic growth.<ref>the state having the power to seize property for no compensation will encourage economic growth</ref> In a time when the [[South African rand|Rand]] is at a two-year low, economists have been doubtful over the possibility of this policy being successful.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1006372/south-africa-farm-seizures-white-farmers-zimbabwe-cyril-ramaphosa|title=South Africa farm seizures 'could become next ZIMBABWE', warns expert|first=Paul|last=Withers|date=21 August 2018|access-date=23 August 2018|archive-date=21 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821223128/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1006372/south-africa-farm-seizures-white-farmers-zimbabwe-cyril-ramaphosa|url-status=live}}</ref>
Under his leadership, the [[African National Congress]] has pushed for a constitutional amendment allowing the government to confiscate farms owned by White South Africans. He has said that the state having the power to seize property for no compensation will encourage economic growth.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Morton |first1=Victor |title=South Africa begins seizing white-owned farms |url=https://apnews.com/article/6adc669b0a4494b8ab0b930601179735 |access-date=7 November 2022 |work=AP NEWS |date=20 August 2018 |archive-date=7 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107055304/https://apnews.com/article/6adc669b0a4494b8ab0b930601179735 |url-status=live }}</ref> In a time when the [[South African rand|Rand]] is at a two-year low, economists have been doubtful over the possibility of this policy being successful.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1006372/south-africa-farm-seizures-white-farmers-zimbabwe-cyril-ramaphosa|title=South Africa farm seizures 'could become next ZIMBABWE', warns expert|first=Paul|last=Withers|date=21 August 2018|access-date=23 August 2018|archive-date=21 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821223128/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1006372/south-africa-farm-seizures-white-farmers-zimbabwe-cyril-ramaphosa|url-status=live}}</ref>


On 14 August 2018, Ramaphosa appointed Dr. Silas Ramaite as the Acting National Director of Public Prosecutions (NDPP) following the ruling by the Constitutional Court that Director Shaun Abrahams had been appointed unlawfully by the former president, [[Jacob Zuma]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mahlase |first1=Mahlatse |title=Silas Ramaite appointed as acting NPA head |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/breaking-silas-ramaite-appointed-as-acting-npa-head-20180814 |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=News24 |date=14 August 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084401/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/breaking-silas-ramaite-appointed-as-acting-npa-head-20180814 |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 14 August 2018, Ramaphosa appointed Dr. Silas Ramaite as the Acting National Director of Public Prosecutions (NDPP) following the ruling by the Constitutional Court that Director Shaun Abrahams had been appointed unlawfully by the former president, [[Jacob Zuma]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mahlase |first1=Mahlatse |title=Silas Ramaite appointed as acting NPA head |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/breaking-silas-ramaite-appointed-as-acting-npa-head-20180814 |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=News24 |date=14 August 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084401/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/breaking-silas-ramaite-appointed-as-acting-npa-head-20180814 |url-status=live }}</ref>


South Africa made world headlines because of attacks against foreign nationals within the borders of the country, with many South Africans blaming foreign nationals for the country's socio-economic issues.<ref>{{Cite web | title= What is behind South Africa's xenophobic attacks | url= https://qz.com/africa/1708814/what-is-behind-south-africas-xenophobic-attacks-on-foreigners/ | access-date= 3 May 2020 | archive-date= 15 May 2020 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200515184211/https://qz.com/africa/1708814/what-is-behind-south-africas-xenophobic-attacks-on-foreigners/ | url-status= live }}</ref>
South Africa made world headlines because of attacks against foreign nationals within the borders of the country, with many South Africans blaming foreign nationals for the country's socio-economic issues.<ref>{{cite web | title= What is behind South Africa's xenophobic attacks | date= 13 September 2019 | url= https://qz.com/africa/1708814/what-is-behind-south-africas-xenophobic-attacks-on-foreigners/ | access-date= 3 May 2020 | archive-date= 15 May 2020 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200515184211/https://qz.com/africa/1708814/what-is-behind-south-africas-xenophobic-attacks-on-foreigners/ | url-status= live }}</ref>


On 10 June 2021, Ramaphosa announced that his government would raise the threshold for the amount of electricity that private companies could produce without a license - from 1 [[Watt|Megawatt]] to 100 Megawatts.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zwane|first=Thuletho|title=Ramaphosa lifts generation threshold for companies without a license to 100MW|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/business/ramaphosa-lifts-generation-threshold-for-companies-without-a-licence-to-100mw-20210610|access-date=16 June 2021|website=Citypress|language=en-US}}</ref> The decision was taken in order to respond to the increasing challenges faced by the country during the ongoing [[South African energy crisis|energy crisis]], and to give "oomph" in Ramaphosa's words, to South Africa's economic recovery.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Merten|first=Marianne|date=10 June 2021|title=POWER BOOST: Increase to 100MW embedded generation threshold will give 'oomph' to South African economy, says Ramaphosa|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-06-10-increase-to-100mw-embedded-generation-threshold-will-give-oomph-to-south-african-economy-says-ramaphosa/|access-date=16 June 2021|website=Daily Maverick|language=en}}</ref>
On 10 June 2021, Ramaphosa announced that his government would raise the threshold for the amount of electricity that private companies could produce without a license from 1 [[Watt|Megawatt]] to 100 Megawatts.<ref>{{cite web|last=Zwane|first=Thuletho|title=Ramaphosa lifts generation threshold for companies without a license to 100MW|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/business/ramaphosa-lifts-generation-threshold-for-companies-without-a-licence-to-100mw-20210610|access-date=16 June 2021|website=Citypress|archive-date=16 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616051005/https://www.news24.com/citypress/business/ramaphosa-lifts-generation-threshold-for-companies-without-a-licence-to-100mw-20210610|url-status=live}}</ref> The decision was taken in order to respond to the increasing challenges faced by the country during the ongoing [[South African energy crisis|energy crisis]], and to give "oomph," in Ramaphosa's words, to South Africa's economic recovery.<ref>{{cite web|last=Merten|first=Marianne|date=10 June 2021|title=POWER BOOST: Increase to 100MW embedded generation threshold will give 'oomph' to South African economy, says Ramaphosa|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-06-10-increase-to-100mw-embedded-generation-threshold-will-give-oomph-to-south-african-economy-says-ramaphosa/|access-date=16 June 2021|website=Daily Maverick|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618112330/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-06-10-increase-to-100mw-embedded-generation-threshold-will-give-oomph-to-south-african-economy-says-ramaphosa/|url-status=live}}</ref>


On 11 February 2022, Ramaphosa announces that his government will formalise the South African cannabis industry, seeking to grow both production and exports.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Reuters|date=11 February 2022|title=S.Africa's Ramaphosa says government to formalise cannabis industry|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/safricas-ramaphosa-says-government-formalise-cannabis-industry-2022-02-11/|access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref>
On 11 February 2022, Ramaphosa announces that his government will formalise the South African cannabis industry, seeking to grow both production and exports.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 February 2022|title=S.Africa's Ramaphosa says government to formalise cannabis industry|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/safricas-ramaphosa-says-government-formalise-cannabis-industry-2022-02-11/|access-date=11 February 2022|archive-date=11 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211124140/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/safricas-ramaphosa-says-government-formalise-cannabis-industry-2022-02-11/|url-status=live}}</ref>


===Initiatives===
Ramaphosa launched the Youth Employment Service (YES) initiative as a means to employ one million youth and giving them more experience in the working field, with the [[South African Government]] even introducing the Employment Tax Incentive, which would reduce employer's costs when hiring youth.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Head |first1=Tom |title=Cyril Ramaphosa outlines how the Youth Employment Service will solve jobs crisis |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/cyril-ramaphosa-youth-employment-service-yes/ |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=The South African |date=27 March 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084402/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/cyril-ramaphosa-youth-employment-service-yes/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Khoza |first1=Amanda |title=Ramaphosa launches YES initiative to address youth unemployment |url=https://www.fin24.com/Economy/ramaphosa-launches-yes-initiative-to-address-youth-unemployment-20180327 |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=Fin24 |date=27 March 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084358/https://www.fin24.com/Economy/ramaphosa-launches-yes-initiative-to-address-youth-unemployment-20180327 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ramaphosa launched the Youth Employment Service (YES) initiative as a means to employ one million youth and giving them more experience in the working field, with the [[South African Government]] even introducing the Employment Tax Incentive, which would reduce employer's costs when hiring youth.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Head |first1=Tom |title=Cyril Ramaphosa outlines how the Youth Employment Service will solve jobs crisis |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/cyril-ramaphosa-youth-employment-service-yes/ |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=The South African |date=27 March 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084402/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/cyril-ramaphosa-youth-employment-service-yes/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Khoza |first1=Amanda |title=Ramaphosa launches YES initiative to address youth unemployment |url=https://www.fin24.com/Economy/ramaphosa-launches-yes-initiative-to-address-youth-unemployment-20180327 |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=Fin24 |date=27 March 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084358/https://www.fin24.com/Economy/ramaphosa-launches-yes-initiative-to-address-youth-unemployment-20180327 |url-status=live }}</ref>


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===Foreign policy===
===Foreign policy===
{{Main|List of international presidential trips made by Cyril Ramaphosa}}
{{Main|List of international presidential trips made by Cyril Ramaphosa}}
[[File:Map showing countries President Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa has visited.svg|thumb|right|Map showing a [[List of international presidential trips made by Cyril Ramaphosa|summary]] of the countries Ramaphosa made official trips as president|250px]]
[[File:Map showing countries President Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa has visited.svg|thumb|right|260px|Map showing a [[List of international presidential trips made by Cyril Ramaphosa|summary]] of the countries Ramaphosa made official trips as president.]]
Ramaphosa made his first international trip as [[President of South Africa]] to the [[Angola|Republic of Angola]] and met with President [[João Lourenço]] in his capacity as chairperson of the [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC) to talk about peace and defence. Ramaphosa made his first international trip as the president of South Africa on 2 March 2018 to the [[Angola|Republic of Angola]] and met with President [[João Lourenço]] as the chair of the [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]].<ref>{{cite news |date=1 March 2018 |title=Ramaphosa on first official visit to Angola on Friday |newspaper=SABC NEWS |url=http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/ramaphosa-first-official-visit-angola-friday/ |url-status=live |access-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084401/http://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/ramaphosa-first-official-visit-angola-friday/ |archive-date=9 November 2019}}</ref>
[[File:2018 BRICS summit (2).jpg|thumb|250px|Ramaphosa with [[Vladimir Putin]], president of Russia in 2018]]
Ramaphosa made his first international trip as [[President of South Africa]] to the [[Angola|Republic of Angola]] and met with President [[João Lourenço]] in his capacity as chairperson of the [[Southern African Development Community|SADC]] to talk about peace and defence.

On 20 March 2018, Ramaphosa made a trip to [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]] along with [[Minister of International Relations and Cooperation|Foreign Minister]] [[Lindiwe Sisulu]], and met with President [[Paul Kagame]] and spoke about restoring relations between [[South Africa]] and [[Rwanda]], later participating as panelists on the African Continental Free Trade Area Business Forum (ACFTABF) ahead of the 10th African Union Extraordinary Summit. The following day, Ramaphosa signed the Kigali Declaration on the establishment of the ACFTABF at the 10th African Union Extraordinary Summit.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Du Plessis |first1=Carien |title=Diplomatic relations between SA, Rwanda to return to normal |url=https://ewn.co.za/2018/03/21/diplomatic-relations-between-sa-rwanda-to-return-to-normal |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=EWN |date=21 March 2018 |location=Kigali |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084359/https://ewn.co.za/2018/03/21/diplomatic-relations-between-sa-rwanda-to-return-to-normal |url-status=live }}</ref>


On 20 March 2018, Ramaphosa made a trip to [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]], along with [[Minister of International Relations and Cooperation|Foreign Minister]] [[Lindiwe Sisulu]], and met with President [[Paul Kagame]] and spoke about [[Rwanda–South Africa relations|restoring relations]] between [[South Africa]] and Rwanda, later participating as panelists on the African Continental Free Trade Area Business Forum (ACFTABF) ahead of the 10th African Union Extraordinary Summit. The following day, Ramaphosa signed the Kigali Declaration on the establishment of the ACFTABF at the 10th African Union Extraordinary Summit.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Du Plessis |first1=Carien |title=Diplomatic relations between SA, Rwanda to return to normal |url=https://ewn.co.za/2018/03/21/diplomatic-relations-between-sa-rwanda-to-return-to-normal |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=EWN |date=21 March 2018 |location=Kigali |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084359/https://ewn.co.za/2018/03/21/diplomatic-relations-between-sa-rwanda-to-return-to-normal |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Prime Minister Boris Johnson G7 Leaders Summit Day Two (51242464713).jpg|thumb|left|Ramaphosa alongside UK Prime Minister [[Boris Johnson]] at the [[47th G7 summit]], 12 June 2021]]
Ramaphosa hosted the 11th [[BRICS]] summit for 25–27 July 2018, at the Sandton Convention Centre in [[Johannesburg]].<ref>{{cite news |title=President Ramaphosa to lead South Africa's hosting of the 10th BRICS Summit |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/president-ramaphosa-lead-south-africa%27s-hosting-10th-brics-summit |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=The Presidency |date=25 July 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084414/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/president-ramaphosa-lead-south-africa%27s-hosting-10th-brics-summit |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ramaphosa hosted the 11th [[BRICS]] summit for 25–27 July 2018, at the Sandton Convention Centre in [[Johannesburg]].<ref>{{cite news |title=President Ramaphosa to lead South Africa's hosting of the 10th BRICS Summit |url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/president-ramaphosa-lead-south-africa%27s-hosting-10th-brics-summit |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=The Presidency |date=25 July 2018 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109084414/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/president-ramaphosa-lead-south-africa%27s-hosting-10th-brics-summit |url-status=live }}</ref>


In January 2019, Ramaphosa congratulated [[Venezuela]]n president [[Nicolás Maduro]] following his [[Second inauguration of Nicolás Maduro|second inauguration]].<ref>{{cite news |title=South Africa congratulates Maduro on second term |url=https://africandailyvoice.com/en/2019/01/11/south-africa-congratulates-maduro-on-second-term/ |work=African Daily Voice |date=11 January 2019 |access-date=24 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190123080112/https://africandailyvoice.com/en/2019/01/11/south-africa-congratulates-maduro-on-second-term/ |archive-date=23 January 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
On 10 May 2021, Ramaphosa said that the ANC condemned "in the strongest possible terms" the potential evictions of Palestinian families from their homes in Israeli-occupied [[East Jerusalem]] and the "brutal attacks on Palestinian protesters" at [[Al-Aqsa]].<ref>{{cite news|date=11 May 2021|title=South Africans protest over Palestinian deaths|work=[[France24]]|location=Cape Town, South Africa|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210511-south-africans-protest-over-palestinian-deaths|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512032349/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210511-south-africans-protest-over-palestinian-deaths|archive-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>

[[File:President Joe Biden and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa shake hands in the Oval Office.jpg|thumb|250px|Ramaphosa with U.S. president [[Joe Biden]] in 2022]]
On 10 May 2021, Ramaphosa said that the ANC condemned "in the strongest possible terms" the potential evictions of Palestinian families from their homes in Israeli-occupied [[East Jerusalem]] and the "brutal attacks on Palestinian protesters" at [[Temple Mount|Al-Aqsa Mosque]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 May 2021|title=South Africans protest over Palestinian deaths|work=[[France24]]|location=Cape Town, South Africa|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210511-south-africans-protest-over-palestinian-deaths|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512032349/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210511-south-africans-protest-over-palestinian-deaths|archive-date=12 May 2021}}</ref>
{{Anchor|Political Philanthropy}}
{{Anchor|Political Philanthropy}}


Following the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]], launched on 24 February 2022, Ramaphosa did not move to condemn Russia or agree to enter any sanctions against Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=History may explain South Africa's refusal to condemn Russia's invasion of Ukraine |url=https://theconversation.com/history-may-explain-south-africas-refusal-to-condemn-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-178657 |work=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conservation]] |date=11 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Russia's reengagement with Africa pays off {{!}} DW {{!}} 9 March 2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/russias-reengagement-with-africa-pays-off/a-61064011 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=DW |language=en-GB}}</ref> A month later, he stated that maintaining neutrality was essential to his having been asked to mediate between the two countries leadership. Despite the on-going invasion and reports of alleged war crimes being committed by Russia; Ramaphosa also then blamed [[NATO]]'s proximity to Russian borders for the actions of [[Vladimir Putin]] and his allies, stating that "The war could have been avoided if NATO had heeded the warnings from amongst its own leaders and officials over the years that its eastward expansion would lead to greater, not less, instability in the region."<ref>{{cite news |title=S Africa's Ramaphosa: NATO to blame for Russia's war in Ukraine
Following the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], launched on 24 February 2022, Ramaphosa did not condemn Russia or agree to any sanctions against Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=History may explain South Africa's refusal to condemn Russia's invasion of Ukraine |url=https://theconversation.com/history-may-explain-south-africas-refusal-to-condemn-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-178657 |work=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conservation]] |date=11 March 2022 |access-date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529183602/https://theconversation.com/history-may-explain-south-africas-refusal-to-condemn-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-178657 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2022 |title=Russia's reengagement with Africa pays off |url=https://www.dw.com/en/russias-reengagement-with-africa-pays-off/a-61064011 |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=DW |archive-date=31 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531175451/https://www.dw.com/en/russias-reengagement-with-africa-pays-off/a-61064011 |url-status=live }}</ref> A month later, he stated that maintaining neutrality was essential to his having been asked to mediate between the two countries' leadership. Ramaphosa blamed [[NATO]]'s proximity to Russian borders for the war: "The war could have been avoided if NATO had heeded the warnings from amongst its own leaders and officials over the years that its eastward expansion would lead to greater, not less, instability in the region."<ref>{{cite news |title=S Africa's Ramaphosa: NATO to blame for Russia's war in Ukraine |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/18/update-1-s-africas-ramaphosa-blames-nato-for-russias-war-in-ukraine |work=Al-Jazeera |date=18 March 2022 |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615144457/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/18/update-1-s-africas-ramaphosa-blames-nato-for-russias-war-in-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref> On 11 May 2023, the United States ambassador to South Africa alleged the country was supplying weapons and ammunition to Russia.<ref>{{cite news |title=America accuses South Africa of sending arms to Russia |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/05/11/america-accuses-south-africa-of-sending-arms-to-russia |access-date=12 May 2023 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Days later, Ramaphosa announced his Russian and Ukrainian counterparts have agreed that a delegation of African heads of state could visit Moscow and Kyiv to present a peace plan. "Whether that will succeed or not is going to depend on the discussions that will be held," he said.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African leaders to present peace plan to Putin and Zelenskyy – DW – 05/16/2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-leaders-to-present-peace-plan-to-putin-and-zelenskyy/a-65648099 |access-date=18 May 2023 |website=dw.com |language=en |archive-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517171058/https://www.dw.com/en/african-leaders-to-present-peace-plan-to-putin-and-zelenskyy/a-65648099 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/18/update-1-s-africas-ramaphosa-blames-nato-for-russias-war-in-ukraine|work=Al-Jazeera |date=18 March 2022 |access-date=12 May 2022 }}</ref>


In November 2022, Ramaphosa became the first foreign head of state to make a formal state visit to the United Kingdom during the reign of [[King Charles III]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-63711177|title=King hails Mandela friendship on South Africa state visit|last1=Giles|first1=Chris|last2=Coughlan|first2=Sean|work=[[BBC News]]|date=23 November 2022|access-date=23 March 2023|archive-date=15 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615144454/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-63711177|url-status=live}}</ref> He was made an honorary Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Bath]] by Charles.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/court-circular-november-22-2022-z8h8znbg9|title=Court Circular: November 22, 2022|date=23 November 2022|work=[[The Times]]|department=[[Court Circular]]|access-date=23 March 2023|archive-date=15 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615144459/https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/court-circular-november-22-2022-z8h8znbg9|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Coronavirus response ===
{{See also|COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa}}


[[File:President Joe Biden and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa shake hands in the Oval Office.jpg|thumb|Ramaphosa with U.S. President [[Joe Biden]] in the [[White House]], 16 September 2022]]
Ramaphosa has been internationally praised for his response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in South Africa with the [[BBC]] commenting that, in this regard, "Ramaphosa has emerged as a formidable leader — composed, compassionate, but seized by the urgency of the moment."<ref>{{cite news |title=South Africa's ruthlessly efficient fight against coronavirus |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52125713 |access-date=3 April 2020 |newspaper=BBC |date=3 April 2020 |archive-date=3 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403092330/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52125713 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2020, Ramaphosa began a period of self-isolation after a guest at a dinner party he attended tested positive for coronavirus.<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 October 2020|title=South Africa's Ramaphosa Begins Covid-19 Self-Quarantine|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-28/south-africa-s-ramaphosa-begins-covid-19-self-quarantine|access-date=28 October 2020|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028181935/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-28/south-africa-s-ramaphosa-begins-covid-19-self-quarantine|url-status=live}}</ref>


On 16 May 2023, Ramaphosa announced that the leaders of African countries came up with a new initiative for [[Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine|peace in Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite news |title=African Nations Plan Russia-Ukraine Peace Mission, Ramaphosa Says |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-05-16/african-nations-plan-russia-ukraine-peace-mission-ramaphosa-says |work=Bloomberg |date=16 May 2023}}</ref> In June 2023, Ramaphosa led a delegation to [[Russia]] and [[Ukraine]], which also included heads of state from [[Zambia]], the [[Republic of Congo]], [[Egypt]], [[Uganda]] and [[Senegal]].<ref>{{cite news |title=African Leaders Head to Ukraine, Russia on Peace Mission |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/african-leaders-head-to-ukraine-russia-on-peace-mission-/7136695.html |work=VOA News |date=14 June 2023 |access-date=15 June 2023 |archive-date=25 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230625100237/https://www.voanews.com/a/african-leaders-head-to-ukraine-russia-on-peace-mission-/7136695.html |url-status=live }}</ref> After a meeting with Ramaphosa in Kyiv, Ukrainian President [[Volodymyr Zelenskiy]] said that peace talks with Russia would be possible only after Moscow withdraws its forces from the entire [[Russian-occupied territories|occupied territory]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Latest in Ukraine: Putin, Zelenskyy Reject African Peace Initiative |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/putin-zelenskyy-reject-african-peace-initiative-/7142034.html |work=VOA News |date=18 June 2023 |access-date=19 June 2023 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618172848/https://www.voanews.com/a/putin-zelenskyy-reject-african-peace-initiative-/7142034.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ramaphosa visited the site of a mass grave in the town of [[Bucha, Kyiv Oblast|Bucha]], Ukraine and was in Kyiv during Russia's [[2022–2023 Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure|missile attack]] on the city.<ref>{{cite news|title=African delegation in Eastern Europe: More than a photo op?|first=Nick|last=Connolly|url=https://www.dw.com/en/african-delegation-in-eastern-europe-more-than-a-photo-op/a-65954255|work=Deutsche Welle|date=18 June 2023|access-date=19 June 2023|archive-date=19 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619200855/https://www.dw.com/en/african-delegation-in-eastern-europe-more-than-a-photo-op/a-65954255|url-status=live}}</ref> Putin later admitted to Ramaphosa that he had ordered the bombing of Kyiv that day despite the presence of an African delegation in the city.<ref>{{cite news |title=Putin quietly signals he is open to a cease-fire in Ukraine |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/putin-quietly-signals-he-is-open-to-a-cease-fire-in-ukraine/ |work=The Seattle Times |date=23 December 2023 |access-date=26 February 2024 |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226204006/https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/putin-quietly-signals-he-is-open-to-a-cease-fire-in-ukraine/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He met Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] in St. Petersburg and told Putin that the war must end,<ref>{{cite news |title=South Africa's Ramaphosa tells Vladimir Putin to stop war in Ukraine as African delegation arrives in Moscow to plead for peace |url=https://www.skynews.com.au/world-news/global-affairs/south-africas-ramaphosa-tells-vladimir-putin-to-stop-war-in-ukraine-as-african-delegation-arrives-in-moscow-to-plead-for-peace/news-story/014977d9b22d6a70e4727a999c6964ec |work=Sky News |date=18 June 2023 |access-date=19 June 2023 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622233045/https://www.skynews.com.au/world-news/global-affairs/south-africas-ramaphosa-tells-vladimir-putin-to-stop-war-in-ukraine-as-african-delegation-arrives-in-moscow-to-plead-for-peace/news-story/014977d9b22d6a70e4727a999c6964ec |url-status=live }}</ref> but Putin rejected the delegation's peace plan based on accepting Ukraine's internationally recognized [[State Border of Ukraine|borders]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Putin rebuts key elements of African peace plan for Ukraine |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/african-leaders-arrive-ukraine-talks-with-russias-putin-2023-06-17/ |work=Reuters |date=18 June 2023 |access-date=19 June 2023 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628235814/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/african-leaders-arrive-ukraine-talks-with-russias-putin-2023-06-17/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On 12 December 2021, [[Minister in the Presidency]], [[Mondli Gungubele]] announced that Ramaphosa had tested positive for COVID-19, and [[Deputy President of South Africa|deputy president]], [[David Mabuza]] would take over "all responsibilities" for the following week.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cyril Ramaphosa tests positive for Covid-19 and is isolating in Cape Town|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-12-12-cyril-ramaphosa-tests-positive-for-covid-19-and-is-isolating-in-cape-town/|access-date=12 December 2021|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref>
[[File:PM in a family photograph during the BRICS Leaders Retreat Meeting, at Johannesburg, in South Africa on August 23, 2023 (1).jpg|thumb|Ramaphosa and other [[BRICS]] leaders during the [[15th BRICS summit|15th BRICS Summit]] in Johannesburg, August 2023. Russia was represented by Foreign Minister [[Sergey Lavrov]].]]
In July 2023, Ramaphosa attended the [[2023 Russia–Africa Summit]] in Saint Petersburg and met with Russian President Putin.<ref>{{cite news |title=What Africa and Russia Have to Gain From Summit |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/what-africa-and-russia-have-to-gain-from-summit/7198857.html |work=VOA News |date=26 July 2023 |access-date=29 July 2023 |archive-date=29 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729144229/https://www.voanews.com/a/what-africa-and-russia-have-to-gain-from-summit/7198857.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Africa-Russia relations can 'move forward', says South African President Ramaphosa in meeting with Putin |url=https://news.sky.com/video/africa-russia-relations-can-move-forward-says-south-african-president-ramaphosa-in-meeting-with-putin-12929877 |work=Sky News |date=29 July 2023 |access-date=29 July 2023 |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615144500/https://news.sky.com/video/africa-russia-relations-can-move-forward-says-south-african-president-ramaphosa-in-meeting-with-putin-12929877 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ramaphosa called for peace in Ukraine and expressed concern about the [[2022–2023 food crises|global food crisis]] and rising [[fertilizer]] prices.<ref>{{cite news |title=South Africa's president raises food security concerns in Russia-Africa summit |url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/07/29/south-africas-president-raises-food-security-concerns-in-russia-africa-summit/ |work=Africanews |date=29 July 2023 |access-date=29 July 2023 |archive-date=29 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729145506/https://www.africanews.com/2023/07/29/south-africas-president-raises-food-security-concerns-in-russia-africa-summit// |url-status=live }}</ref>


Ramaphosa called for a ceasefire in the [[2023 Israel–Hamas war|Israel–Hamas war]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramaphosa urges leaders to 'stand on side of peace' in Gaza conflict |url=https://www.trtafrika.com/africa/ramaphosa-urges-leaders-to-stand-on-side-of-peace-in-gaza-conflict-15491085 |work=TRT Afrika |date=21 October 2023 |access-date=3 November 2023 |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615144308/https://www.trtafrika.com/africa/ramaphosa-urges-leaders-to-stand-on-side-of-peace-in-gaza-conflict-15491085 |url-status=live }}</ref> stating "as South Africans we can relate to what is happening to Palestinians".<ref name="voanews-gaza"/> He condemned Israel's [[October 2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip|blockade of the Gaza Strip]] and the "collective punishment" of [[Palestinians]] in Gaza.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ramaphosa |first1=Cyril |title=Peace will not be possible until Palestinians are free |url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/from-the-desk-of-the-president/desk-president-monday%2C-16-october-2023 |website=The Presidency of the Republic of South Africa |access-date=3 November 2023 |archive-date=5 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205102331/https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/from-the-desk-of-the-president/desk-president-monday%2C-16-october-2023 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="voanews-gaza">{{cite news |title=Analysts Scrutinize Ramaphosa Comparing Gaza Conflict to South Africa's Apartheid |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/analysts-scrutinize-ramaphosa-comparing-gaza-conflict-to-south-africa-s-apartheid/7329502.html |work=VOA News |date=29 October 2023 |access-date=3 November 2023 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103114253/https://www.voaafrica.com/a/analysts-scrutinize-ramaphosa-comparing-gaza-conflict-to-south-africa-s-apartheid/7329502.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ramaphosa described [[Israel]] as an "oppressive regime".<ref>{{cite news |title=Which countries have criticised Israeli attacks on Gaza? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/15/which-countries-have-criticised-israeli-attacks-on-gaza |work=Al Jazeera |date=15 October 2023 |access-date=3 November 2023 |archive-date=29 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229155357/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/15/which-countries-have-criticised-israeli-attacks-on-gaza |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Political philanthropy ==
Ramaphosa publicly declared in South Africa on 24 May 2018 that he would be donating half of his salary (R3.6 million annually) to charity in honour of late former [[South Africa]]n president [[Nelson Mandela]]. He said the gesture was aimed at encouraging the wealthy to dedicate some of their pay to help build the nation. The donation was set to be managed by the [[Nelson Mandela Foundation]] (NMF).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44238549|title=SA leader gives half his pay to charity|date=24 May 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=24 May 2018|archive-date=24 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524161045/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44238549|url-status=live}}</ref>


In January 2024, he met with [[Hemedti]], the leader of the [[Rapid Support Forces]] (RSF).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-05 |title=South African presidency sparks controversy with misidentification of RSF leader |url=https://sudantribune.com/article281007/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Sudan Tribune |language=en-US |archive-date=25 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325120205/https://sudantribune.com/article281007/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The two men have firstly met since the start of the war that has plunged Sudan into a humanitarian crisis. He called for a ceasefire without reference to the humanitarian situation in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-05 |title=Sudan paramilitary leader says he's committed to cease-fire, but no progress on proposed peace talks |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/01/04/south-africa-sudan-ramaphosa-dagalo/20243e96-ab4b-11ee-bc8c-7319480da4f9_story.html |access-date=2024-01-06 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615144308/https://www.washingtonpost.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=President Ramaphosa meets with RSF leader on developments towards peace in Sudan |url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/president-ramaphosa-meets-rsf-leader-developments-towards-peace-sudan |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=www.thepresidency.gov.za |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615144315/https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/president-ramaphosa-meets-rsf-leader-developments-towards-peace-sudan |url-status=live }}</ref> He has emerged to embrace civilian politicians and tour African capitals in a bid for international legitimacy, analysts said.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-06 |title=Sudan paramilitary chief bids for legitimacy in Africa tour: analysts |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240106-sudan-paramilitary-chief-bids-for-legitimacy-in-africa-tour-analysts |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=6 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106183847/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240106-sudan-paramilitary-chief-bids-for-legitimacy-in-africa-tour-analysts |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Business career ==


=== Coronavirus response ===
Among other positions, he was an executive chairman of [[Shanduka Group]], a company he founded. Shanduka Group has investments in the resources sector, energy sector, real estate, banking, insurance, and telecoms ([[SEACOM (African cable system)|SEACOM]]).<ref>{{cite news |title=Shanduka Group sees leadership changes |url=https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/shanduka-group-sees-leadership-changes-808520 |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=IOL |date=20 September 2010 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210720/https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/shanduka-group-sees-leadership-changes-808520 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was also a chairman of [[Bidvest]], and [[MTN Group|MTN]]. His other non-executive directorships include Macsteel Holdings, Alexander Forbes and [[Standard Bank]]. In March 2007, he was appointed non-executive joint chairman of [[Mondi]], a leading international paper and packaging group, when the company demerged from [[Anglo American plc]]. In July 2013, he retired from the board of [[SABMiller]] plc.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ramaphosa exits Lonmin, Mondi boards |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/ramaphosa-exits-lonmin-mondi-boards-1457304 |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=IOL |date=23 January 2013 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210723/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/ramaphosa-exits-lonmin-mondi-boards-1457304 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{See also|COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa}}


He is one of South Africa's richest men,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21568754-ruling-party-anoints-crown-prince-return-prodigal-son | newspaper=The Economist | title=Return of a prodigal son | date=22 December 2012 | access-date=26 August 2017 | archive-date=5 August 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805142730/https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21568754-ruling-party-anoints-crown-prince-return-prodigal-son | url-status=live }}</ref> with an estimated wealth of R6.4 billion ($450 million).<ref>{{cite web|title=Here are the 20 richest people in South Africa|url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/wealth/185007/here-are-the-20-richest-people-in-south-africa/|access-date=17 February 2018|archive-date=17 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217202754/https://businesstech.co.za/news/wealth/185007/here-are-the-20-richest-people-in-south-africa/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ramaphosa has been internationally praised for his response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in South Africa with the [[BBC]] commenting that, in this regard, "Ramaphosa has emerged as a formidable leader — composed, compassionate, but seized by the urgency of the moment."<ref>{{cite news |title=South Africa's ruthlessly efficient fight against coronavirus |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52125713 |access-date=3 April 2020 |newspaper=BBC |date=3 April 2020 |archive-date=3 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403092330/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-52125713 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2020, Ramaphosa began a period of self-isolation after a guest at a dinner party he attended tested positive for coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 October 2020|title=South Africa's Ramaphosa Begins Covid-19 Self-Quarantine|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-28/south-africa-s-ramaphosa-begins-covid-19-self-quarantine|access-date=28 October 2020|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028181935/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-10-28/south-africa-s-ramaphosa-begins-covid-19-self-quarantine|url-status=live}}</ref>


On 12 December 2021, [[Minister in the Presidency]], [[Mondli Gungubele]] announced that Ramaphosa had tested positive for COVID-19, and [[Deputy President of South Africa|deputy president]], [[David Mabuza]] would take over "all responsibilities" for the following week.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cyril Ramaphosa tests positive for Covid-19 and is isolating in Cape Town|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-12-12-cyril-ramaphosa-tests-positive-for-covid-19-and-is-isolating-in-cape-town/|access-date=12 December 2021|website=TimesLIVE|archive-date=12 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212202946/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2021-12-12-cyril-ramaphosa-tests-positive-for-covid-19-and-is-isolating-in-cape-town/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 2011, Ramaphosa paid for a 20-year master franchise agreement to run 145 [[McDonald's]] restaurants in South Africa.<ref>{{cite news |title=McDonald's South Africa chain bought by Cyril Ramaphosa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/12777271 |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=BBC News |date=17 March 2011 |archive-date=30 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130012733/https://www.bbc.com/news/12777271 |url-status=live }}</ref> Shortly after the 2014 general election, Ramaphosa announced that he was going to disinvest from Shanduka to fulfil his new responsibilities as deputy president without the possibility of [[conflict of interest]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mataboge |first1=Mmanaledi |title=Ramaphosa withdraws from Shanduka Group |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-05-27-00-ramaphosa-withdraws-from-shanduka-group |access-date=8 November 2019 |agency=Mail & Guardian |date=27 May 2014 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210721/https://mg.co.za/article/2014-05-27-00-ramaphosa-withdraws-from-shanduka-group |url-status=live }}</ref> McDonald's South Africa announced that there would be a process underway to replace Ramaphosa as the current development licensee of the fast-food chain operation in South Africa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peyper |first1=Liesl |title=Cyril Ramaphosa selling McDonald's SA to foreign firm |url=https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Retail/cyril-ramaphosa-selling-mcdonalds-sa-to-foreign-firm-20160921 |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=Fin24 |date=21 September 2016 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210719/https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Retail/cyril-ramaphosa-selling-mcdonalds-sa-to-foreign-firm-20160921 |url-status=live }}</ref>


== Political philanthropy ==
In 2014, after Ramaphosa became [[Deputy President of South Africa]], the Register of Members' Interests, tabled in Parliament, revealed his wealth. Over and above the more than [[South African rand|R]]76&nbsp;million he had accumulated in the company [[shares]], the documents showed that he owned 30 properties in [[Johannesburg]] and two apartments in [[Cape Town]]. The register also confirmed Ramaphosa's resignation from his directorship at [[Lonmin]], for which he had been criticised over the [[Marikana massacre]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cyril Ramaphosa declares R76m in shares, but&nbsp;... |url=https://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Cyril-Ramaphosa-declares-R76m-in-shares-but-20150430 |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=CityPress - News24 |date=17 September 2014 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210720/https://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Cyril-Ramaphosa-declares-R76m-in-shares-but-20150430 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ramaphosa declares R76-million, rest kept confidential |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2014-09-18-ramaphosa-declares-r76-million-rest-kept-confidential |access-date=8 November 2019 |newspaper=Mail & Guardian |date=18 September 2014 |archive-date=8 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210723/https://mg.co.za/article/2014-09-18-ramaphosa-declares-r76-million-rest-kept-confidential |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ramaphosa publicly declared in South Africa on 24 May 2018 that he would be donating half of his salary (R3.6 million annually) to charity in honour of late former [[South Africa]]n president [[Nelson Mandela]]. He said the gesture was aimed at encouraging the wealthy to dedicate some of their pay to help build the nation. The donation was set to be managed by the [[Nelson Mandela Foundation]] (NMF).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44238549|title=SA leader gives half his pay to charity|date=24 May 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=24 May 2018|archive-date=24 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524161045/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44238549|url-status=live}}</ref>


Ramaphosa is also the founder of the Cyril Ramaphosa Foundation.
===Farmer===

During a visit to [[Uganda]] in 2004, Ramaphosa became interested in the [[Ankole (cattle)|Ankole]] cattle breed. Because of inadequate disease control measures in Uganda, the South African government denied him permission to import any of the breed. Instead, Ramaphosa purchased 43 cows from Ugandan president [[Yoweri Museveni]] and shipped them to Kenya. There the cows were artificially inseminated, the embryos removed and shipped to South Africa, there transferred to cows and then quarantined for two months. As of August 2017, Ramaphosa had 100 Ankole breeding cows at his Ntaba Nyoni farm in [[Mpumalanga]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/animals/cattle/ankole-longhorn-cyril-ramaphosas-passion-pride/|title=Ankole Longhorn: Cyril Ramaphosa's passion and pride|website=farmersweekly.co.za|access-date=16 October 2017|date=22 August 2017|archive-date=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016182359/https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/animals/cattle/ankole-longhorn-cyril-ramaphosas-passion-pride/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/agri-news/south-africa/cyril-ramaphosas-ankole-bull-sells-r640-000/|title=Cyril Ramaphosa's Ankole bull sells for R640 000|website=farmersweekly.co.za|access-date=16 October 2017|date=12 May 2017|archive-date=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016182403/https://www.farmersweekly.co.za/agri-news/south-africa/cyril-ramaphosas-ankole-bull-sells-r640-000/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2017, Ramaphosa co-wrote a book on the breed, ''Cattle of the Ages, Stories, and Portraits of the Ankole Cattle of Southern Africa''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/ios/news/ramaphosa-writes-book-on-cattle-11567386|title=Ramaphosa writes book on cattle {{!}} Independent on Saturday|access-date=16 October 2017|archive-date=16 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016173941/https://www.iol.co.za/ios/news/ramaphosa-writes-book-on-cattle-11567386|url-status=live}}</ref>


== Controversies ==
== Controversies ==

{{main|Marikana miners' strike}}
=== Marikana massacre ===
{{main|Marikana massacre}}


The [[Marikana massacre]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19388584|title=South Africa's ANC to discuss mine shootings row|date=27 August 2012|access-date=27 August 2012|work=BBC News|archive-date=27 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827123036/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19388584|url-status=live}}</ref> as referred to in the media, occurred when police broke up an occupation by striking Lonmin workers of a "koppie" (hilltop) near Nkaneng shack settlement in Marikana on 16 August 2012. As a result of the police shootings, 34 miners died and an additional 78 miners were injured causing anger and outcry against the police and South African government. Further controversy emerged after it was discovered that most of the victims were shot in the back<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/9501910/Striking-South-African-miners-were-shot-in-the-back.html|title=Striking South African miners 'were shot in the back'|date=27 August 2012|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|first=Aislinn|last=Laing|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-date=7 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207110614/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/9501910/Striking-South-African-miners-were-shot-in-the-back.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and many victims were shot far from police lines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana|title=The murder fields of Marikana. The cold murder fields of Marikana.|work=Daily Maverick|access-date=27 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830150415/http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana|archive-date=30 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The violence on 16 August 2012 was the single most lethal use of force by South African security forces against civilians since the end of the [[Apartheid in South Africa|apartheid era]].<ref name="WashPo">{{cite news |agency=Associated Press | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/south-african-police-open-fire-on-striking-mine-workers-several-injured/2012/08/16/c9c99e3c-e7ad-11e1-9739-eef99c5fb285_story.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817062827/http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/south-african-police-open-fire-on-striking-mine-workers-several-injured/2012/08/16/c9c99e3c-e7ad-11e1-9739-eef99c5fb285_story.html | archive-date=17 August 2012 | title=South African police open fire as striking miners charge, killing and wounding workers | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=16 August 2012 | access-date=16 August 2012 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
The [[Marikana massacre]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19388584|title=South Africa's ANC to discuss mine shootings row|date=27 August 2012|access-date=27 August 2012|work=BBC News|archive-date=27 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120827123036/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19388584|url-status=live}}</ref> as referred to in the media, occurred when police broke up an occupation by striking Lonmin workers of a "koppie" (hilltop) near Nkaneng shack settlement in Marikana on 16 August 2012. As a result of the police shootings, 34 miners died and an additional 78 miners were injured causing anger and outcry against the police and South African government. Further controversy emerged after it was discovered that most of the victims were shot in the back<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/9501910/Striking-South-African-miners-were-shot-in-the-back.html|title=Striking South African miners 'were shot in the back'|date=27 August 2012|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|first=Aislinn|last=Laing|access-date=6 April 2018|archive-date=7 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207110614/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/9501910/Striking-South-African-miners-were-shot-in-the-back.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and many victims were shot far from police lines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana|title=The murder fields of Marikana. The cold murder fields of Marikana.|work=Daily Maverick|access-date=27 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830150415/http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-08-30-the-murder-fields-of-marikana-the-cold-murder-fields-of-marikana|archive-date=30 August 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> The violence on 16 August 2012 was the single most lethal use of force by South African security forces against civilians since the end of the [[Apartheid in South Africa|apartheid era]].<ref name="WashPo">{{cite news |agency=Associated Press | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/south-african-police-open-fire-on-striking-mine-workers-several-injured/2012/08/16/c9c99e3c-e7ad-11e1-9739-eef99c5fb285_story.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817062827/http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/south-african-police-open-fire-on-striking-mine-workers-several-injured/2012/08/16/c9c99e3c-e7ad-11e1-9739-eef99c5fb285_story.html | archive-date=17 August 2012 | title=South African police open fire as striking miners charge, killing and wounding workers | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=16 August 2012 | access-date=16 August 2012 | url-status=dead}}</ref>


During the Marikana Commission, it also emerged that Lonmin management solicited Ramaphosa, as Lonmin shareholder and ANC heavyweight, to coordinate "concomitant action" against "criminal" protesters and therefore is seen by many as being responsible for the massacre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-25-cyril-ramaphosa-the-true-betrayal|title=Cyril Ramaphosa: The true betrayal|work=Daily Maverick|access-date=27 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025233419/http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-25-cyril-ramaphosa-the-true-betrayal|archive-date=25 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.iafrica.com/sa/823497.html|title=iafrica.com 'Ramaphosa must say sorry'|work=iAfrica.com|access-date=27 October 2012|archive-date=3 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603185936/http://news.iafrica.com/sa/823497.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
During the Marikana Commission, it also emerged that Lonmin management solicited Ramaphosa, a Lonmin shareholder and ANC heavyweight, to coordinate "concomitant action" against "criminal" protesters and therefore is seen by many as being responsible for the massacre.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-25-cyril-ramaphosa-the-true-betrayal|title=Cyril Ramaphosa: The true betrayal|work=Daily Maverick|access-date=27 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025233419/http://dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-25-cyril-ramaphosa-the-true-betrayal|archive-date=25 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.iafrica.com/sa/823497.html|title=iafrica.com 'Ramaphosa must say sorry'|work=iAfrica.com|access-date=27 October 2012|archive-date=3 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603185936/http://news.iafrica.com/sa/823497.html|url-status=live}}</ref>


Under the investigation of Farlam committee, Ramaphosa said that Lonmin lobbied government and the SAPS firstly to secure a massive police presence at Lonmin and secondly to characterise what was taking place as a criminal rather than an industrial relations event.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.marikanacomm.org.za/docs/201411-HoA-AMCU.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912165732/http://marikanacomm.org.za/docs/201411-HoA-AMCU.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 September 2016|title=MARIKANA COMMISSION INQUIRY REPORT|date=October 2014|website=The Marikana Commission of Inquiry}}</ref>
Under the investigation of Farlam committee, Ramaphosa said that Lonmin lobbied government and the SAPS firstly to secure a massive police presence at Lonmin and secondly to characterise what was taking place as a criminal rather than an industrial relations event.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marikanacomm.org.za/docs/201411-HoA-AMCU.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160912165732/http://marikanacomm.org.za/docs/201411-HoA-AMCU.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 September 2016|title=MARIKANA COMMISSION INQUIRY REPORT|date=October 2014|website=The Marikana Commission of Inquiry}}</ref>


The Marikana Commission of Inquiry ultimately found that given the deaths that had already occurred, his intervention did not cause the increase in police on site, nor did he know the operation would take place on 16 August.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2015-06-26-marikana-report-key-findings-and-recommendations/|title=Marikana report: Key findings and recommendations {{!}} Daily Maverick|website=Daily Maverick|date=25 June 2015|access-date=11 December 2017|archive-date=11 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211161740/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2015-06-26-marikana-report-key-findings-and-recommendations/|url-status=live}}</ref>
The Marikana Commission of Inquiry ultimately found that given the deaths that had already occurred, his intervention did not cause the increase in police on site, nor did he know the operation would take place on 16 August.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2015-06-26-marikana-report-key-findings-and-recommendations/|title=Marikana report: Key findings and recommendations|website=Daily Maverick|date=25 June 2015|access-date=11 December 2017|archive-date=11 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211161740/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2015-06-26-marikana-report-key-findings-and-recommendations/|url-status=live}}</ref>


He was employed on the board of directors of [[Lonmin]] while taking an active stance when the [[Marikana killings|Marikana Massacre]] took place on Lonmin's Marikana premises. On 15 August 2012 he called for action against the [[Marikana miners' strike]], which he called "dastardly criminal" conduct that needed "concomitant action" to be taken.<ref>{{cite news |last=Smith |first=David |date=24 October 2012 |title=Lonmin emails paint ANC elder as a born-again robber baron |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/24/lonmin-emails-anc-elder-baron |url-status=live |access-date=14 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202005603/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/24/lonmin-emails-anc-elder-baron |archive-date=2 December 2016}}</ref> He later admitted and regretted his involvement in the act and said that it could have been avoided if contingency plans had been made prior to the labour strike.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 October 2012 |title=Cyril Ramaphosa: The true betrayal |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-27-cyril-ramaphosa-the-true-betrayal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104181526/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-10-27-cyril-ramaphosa-the-true-betrayal/ |archive-date=4 November 2017 |access-date=6 June 2017 |website=Daily Maverick}}</ref>
In August 2017, Ramaphosa was involved in a scandal that alleged he had been in several extramarital affairs and was involved in paying money to individuals while maintaining the affairs. Ramaphosa later denied the allegations claiming they were politically motivated to derail his presidential campaign.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/article-alleging-ramaphosa-extramarital-affairs-published-20170903|title=Article alleging Ramaphosa extramarital affairs published|work=News24|access-date=12 September 2017|archive-date=11 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911115846/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/article-alleging-ramaphosa-extramarital-affairs-published-20170903|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Alleged extramarital affairs ===
{{Main|2022 Phala Phala Robbery}}
In August 2017, the ''[[The Sunday Independent (South Africa)|Sunday Independent]]'' published an article alleging that Ramaphosa had had several [[Affair|extramarital affairs]], including with some women to whom he had given money. Ramaphosa denied the allegations, claiming that they were politically motivated aimed to derail his [[Political campaign|presidential campaign]].<ref>{{cite news |date=3 September 2017 |title=Article alleging Ramaphosa extramarital affairs published |work=News24 |url=http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/article-alleging-ramaphosa-extramarital-affairs-published-20170903 |url-status=live |access-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911115846/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/article-alleging-ramaphosa-extramarital-affairs-published-20170903 |archive-date=11 September 2017}}</ref>


=== CR17 campaign funds ===
On 9 February 2020 about US$4 million in cash was stolen from Ramaphosa’s Phala Phala game farm in Limpopo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/ramaphosas-stolen-millions-the-namibian-connection-20220604|title=AmaBhungane &#124; Ramaphosa's stolen millions: The Namibian connection }}</ref>
On 19 July 2019, the Public Protector, [[Busisiwe Mkhwebane]], released a report in which she claimed that Ramaphosa had intentionally misled the [[Parliament of South Africa]] over the controversial Bosasa donations to his CR17 ANC presidential campaign. COPE Leader [[Mosiuoa Lekota]] called for Ramaphosa to be impeached while DA Leader [[Mmusi Maimane]] proposed the establishment of an ad hoc committee to effectively investigate these allegations. Ramaphosa briefed the nation on 21 July 2019 and described the report as "fundamentally flawed" and called for a judicial review of Mkhwebane's findings.<ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-07-21-ramaphosa-to-launch-urgent-judicial-review-of-mkhwebanes-findings/ Ramaphosa to launch an urgent judicial review of Mkhwebane's findings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721162854/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-07-21-ramaphosa-to-launch-urgent-judicial-review-of-mkhwebanes-findings/|date=21 July 2019}}. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/just-in-ramaphosa-to-brief-the-nation-on-public-protectors-bosasa-report-20190721 Ramaphosa to brief the nation on Public Protector's Bosasa report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721162856/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/just-in-ramaphosa-to-brief-the-nation-on-public-protectors-bosasa-report-20190721|date=21 July 2019}}. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.</ref><ref>[https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/2157339/ramaphosa-in-desperate-fight-to-defend-his-presidency/ Ramaphosa in desperate fight to defend his presidency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721162856/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/2157339/ramaphosa-in-desperate-fight-to-defend-his-presidency/|date=21 July 2019}}. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.enca.com/news/da-want-ad-hoc-committee-examine-pps-ramaphosa-findings DA wants committee to examine PP's Ramaphosa findings] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721162852/https://www.enca.com/news/da-want-ad-hoc-committee-examine-pps-ramaphosa-findings|date=21 July 2019}}. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2019-07-19-cyril-ramaphosa-must-be-impeached-says-mosiuoa-lekota/ Cyril Ramaphosa must be impeached, says Mosiuoa Lekota] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721162856/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2019-07-19-cyril-ramaphosa-must-be-impeached-says-mosiuoa-lekota/|date=21 July 2019}}. Retrieved on 21 July 2019.</ref>


=== Conduct of business interests ===
== Honorary doctorates and awards ==
Ramaphosa has been criticised for the conduct of his business interests,<ref>{{cite web |date=12 October 2015 |title=R2K protest for investigation into MTN and Ramaphosa corruption allegations. |url=http://www.r2k.org.za/2015/10/12/investigate-mtn-ramaphosa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820011226/http://www.r2k.org.za/2015/10/12/investigate-mtn-ramaphosa/ |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=12 August 2017 |website=Right2Know Campaign}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Craig |last1=McKune |first2=George |last2=Turner |first3=Craig |last3=McKune |first4=George |last4=Turner |title=Ramaphosa and MTN's offshore stash |work=Mail & Guardian |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2015-10-08-ramaphosa-and-mtns-offshore-stash |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223014148/https://mg.co.za/article/2015-10-08-ramaphosa-and-mtns-offshore-stash |archive-date=23 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=26 May 2015 |title=Ramaphosa sells business stakes, creates billion-dollar black-owned company |work=BizNews.com |url=http://www.biznews.com/undictated/2015/05/26/cyril-ramaphosa-sells-off-business-stakes-creates-billion-dollar-black-owned-company/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812141117/http://www.biznews.com/undictated/2015/05/26/cyril-ramaphosa-sells-off-business-stakes-creates-billion-dollar-black-owned-company/ |archive-date=12 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mawson |first=Nicola |title=Ramaphosa steps down as MTN chairman |work=ITWeb Technology News |url=http://www.itweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62269 |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812140616/http://www.itweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=62269 |archive-date=12 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 January 2013 |title=Cyril Ramaphosa's conflict of interest – Corruption Watch |work=Corruption Watch |url=http://www.corruptionwatch.org.za/cyril-ramaphosas-conflict-of-interest/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812133754/http://www.corruptionwatch.org.za/cyril-ramaphosas-conflict-of-interest/ |archive-date=12 August 2017}}</ref> although he has never been indicted for illegal activity in any of these controversies. Controversial business dealings include his joint venture with [[Glencore]]<ref>{{cite news |date=11 October 2011 |title=Glencore, Ramaphosa eye 50/50 mining JVs in SA |work=Moneyweb |url=https://www.moneyweb.co.za/archive/glencore-ramaphosa-eye-5050-mining-jvs-in-sa/ |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813010536/https://www.moneyweb.co.za/archive/glencore-ramaphosa-eye-5050-mining-jvs-in-sa/ |archive-date=13 August 2017}}</ref> and allegations of benefitting illegally from coal deals with [[Eskom]] which he has staunchly denied,<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=Presidency, Glencore slam Ramaphosa Eskom claims |work=Fin24 |url=http://www.fin24.com/Economy/Eskom/Presidency-Glencore-slam-Ramaphosa-Eskom-claims-20150425 |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812213613/http://www.fin24.com/Economy/Eskom/Presidency-Glencore-slam-Ramaphosa-Eskom-claims-20150425 |archive-date=12 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Did Ramaphosa benefit from Eskom coal deals? |url=https://mybroadband.co.za/news/energy/125118-did-ramaphosa-benefit-from-eskom-coal-deals.html |url-status=live |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908133220/https://mybroadband.co.za/news/energy/125118-did-ramaphosa-benefit-from-eskom-coal-deals.html |archive-date=8 September 2017}}</ref> during which Glencore was in the public spotlight for its tendentious business activities involving [[Tony Blair]] in the Middle East; his son, Andile Ramaphosa, has also been found to have accepted payments totalling R2 million from Bosasa, the security company implicated in corruption and state capture by the [[Zondo Commission]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bosasa paid me R2m, says Andile Ramaphosa|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/bosasa-paid-me-r2m-says-andile-ramaphosa-20111437 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327101905/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/bosasa-paid-me-r2m-says-andile-ramaphosa-20111437 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=27 March 2019 |website=www.iol.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2019 |title=The Ramaphosas' Bosasa money: Same script, different cast |url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/Redi_Tlhabi/the-ramaphosas-bosasa-money-same-script-different-cast-20190327 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327120123/https://www.news24.com/Columnists/Redi_Tlhabi/the-ramaphosas-bosasa-money-same-script-different-cast-20190327 |archive-date=27 March 2019 |access-date=27 March 2019 |website=News24}}</ref>


=== Phala Phala robbery ===
Among others, Ramaphosa has received honorary doctorates from the [[University of Natal]], the [[University of Port Elizabeth]], the [[University of Cape Town]], the [[University of the North]], the [[National University of Lesotho]], [[National University of Ireland Galway]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nuigalway.ie/about-us/news-and-events/news-archive/2005/june2005/nui-galway--honours-seven-outstanding-individuals-with-honorary-degrees.html|title=NUI Galway honours seven outstanding individuals with Honorary Degrees|website=www.nuigalway.ie|access-date=8 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162141/https://www.nuigalway.ie/about-us/news-and-events/news-archive/2005/june2005/nui-galway--honours-seven-outstanding-individuals-with-honorary-degrees.html|url-status=live}}</ref> the [[University of Massachusetts Boston]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.umassp.edu/aasair/international-relations/umasssouth-africa-story|title=UMass/South African Story {{!}} University of Massachusetts Office of the President|website=www.umassp.edu|access-date=8 June 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143924/https://www.umassp.edu/aasair/international-relations/umasssouth-africa-story|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=COMMENCEMENT 2008: Commencement Speaker and Honorary Degree Recipients|website=University of Pennsylvania Almanac|date=19 February 2008|access-date=19 July 2021|url=https://almanac.upenn.edu/archive/volumes/v54/n22/commencement.html}}</ref>
{{Main|2020 Phala Phala Robbery}}
On 9 February 2020, it is alleged about US$4 million in cash was stolen from Ramaphosa's Phala Phala game farm in [[Limpopo]], although the exact amount was disputed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/ramaphosas-stolen-millions-the-namibian-connection-20220604|title=AmaBhungane &#124; Ramaphosa's stolen millions: The Namibian connection|accessdate=24 June 2023|publisher=news24.com|archive-date=5 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205211752/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/ramaphosas-stolen-millions-the-namibian-connection-20220604|url-status=live}}</ref>


Ramaphosa later said the amount was $580,000. In 2022, he was accused of corruption, obstruction of justice, kidnapping and bribing the burglars into silence. After delivery of a report on the matter commissioned by Speaker [[Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula]], the parliament voted on 13 December 2022, 148 for and 214 against impeachment of the president.{{cn|date=June 2023}}. On 11 October 2024, the [[National Prosecuting Authority]] (NPA) announced that it would not be prosecuteing Ramaphosa or any suspects involved in the case.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-and-courts/phala-phala-scandal-outrage-after-npa-hands-ramaphosa-a-get-out-of-jail-free-card-f27155ba-85fe-495b-8b42-540fc94d274c|title=Phala Phala Scandal: Outrage after NPA hands Ramaphosa a get-out-of-jail free card}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/opinion/npas-phala-phala-decision-a-reflection-of-unequal-accountability-perpetuates-the-notion-that-some-are-more-equal-than-others-7f4d8149-fc68-4ee4-b201-2c3bac3f870b|title=NPA’s Phala Phala decision: A reflection of unequal accountability, perpetuates the notion that some are more equal than others}}</ref>
Ramaphosa received the [[Olof Palme]] prize in [[Stockholm]] in October 1987.<ref>{{cite news |title=Black South African Union Leader Receives Palme Prize |url=https://apnews.com/92fb9058d6e38453bf9947704e692e92 |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=AP News |date=24 October 1987 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109085010/https://apnews.com/92fb9058d6e38453bf9947704e692e92 |url-status=live }}</ref>


== Honours and awards ==
In 2004, he was voted 34th in the [[SABC3's Great South Africans|Top 100 Great South Africans]].


Ramaphosa received the [[Olof Palme Prize]] in [[Stockholm]] in October 1987.<ref>{{cite news |title=Black South African Union Leader Receives Palme Prize |url=https://apnews.com/92fb9058d6e38453bf9947704e692e92 |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=AP News |date=24 October 1987 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109085010/https://apnews.com/92fb9058d6e38453bf9947704e692e92 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2009, he received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]] in 2009, presented by Awards Council member Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]] at a ceremony at [[St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town|St. George's Cathedral]], Cape Town.<ref>{{cite web |title=Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |url=https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service |website=www.achievement.org |publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]] |access-date=9 January 2021 |archive-date=8 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608012051/https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=2009 Summit Highlights Photo |url=https://achievement.org/summit/2009/ |quote=Archbishop Desmond Tutu presents Cyril Ramaphosa, Executive Chairman of Shanduka Group, with the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement at the 2009 International Achievement Summit in Cape Town, South Africa. |access-date=9 January 2021 |archive-date=25 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025135556/https://achievement.org/summit/2009/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He has also frequently been listed as an influential individual: he was voted 34th in the 2004 list of [[SABC3's Great South Africans|Top 100 Great South Africans]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/423/4673.html|title=The 10 Greatest South Africans of all time|publisher=BizCommunity|date=27 September 2004|access-date=31 March 2017|archive-date=29 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729215532/http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/423/4673.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and was included in the [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]] in 2007<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1615737_1615731,00.html|title=Cyril Ramaphosa – The 2007 Time 100 |date=3 May 2007|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|first=Richard C.|last=Holbrooke|access-date=8 May 2007|archive-date=5 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070505050457/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1615737_1615731,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and 2019.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Cyril Ramaphosa: The 100 Most Influential People of 2019|url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567761/cyril-ramaphosa/|access-date=22 September 2020|magazine=Time |archive-date=16 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916205832/https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567761/cyril-ramaphosa/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ramaphosa was included in the 2007 [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]],<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1615737_1615731,00.html|title=Cyril Ramaphosa – The 2007 Time 100 |date=3 May 2007|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|first=Richard C.|last=Holbrooke|access-date=8 May 2007|archive-date=5 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070505050457/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1615737_1615731,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> an annual list of 100 men and women whose power, talent or moral example is transforming the world.


He has received honorary doctorates from, among others, the [[University of Natal]], the [[University of Port Elizabeth]], the [[University of Cape Town]], the [[University of the North]], the [[National University of Lesotho]], [[National University of Ireland Galway]],<ref>{{cite web |title=NUI Galway honours seven outstanding individuals with Honorary Degrees |url=https://www.nuigalway.ie/about-us/news-and-events/news-archive/2005/june2005/nui-galway--honours-seven-outstanding-individuals-with-honorary-degrees.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162141/https://www.nuigalway.ie/about-us/news-and-events/news-archive/2005/june2005/nui-galway--honours-seven-outstanding-individuals-with-honorary-degrees.html |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=8 June 2018 |website=www.nuigalway.ie}}</ref> the [[University of Massachusetts Boston]],<ref>{{cite web |title=UMass/South African Story |url=https://www.umassp.edu/aasair/international-relations/umasssouth-africa-story |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143924/https://www.umassp.edu/aasair/international-relations/umasssouth-africa-story |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=8 June 2018 |website=www.umassp.edu}}</ref> and the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite web |date=19 February 2008 |title=COMMENCEMENT 2008: Commencement Speaker and Honorary Degree Recipients |url=https://almanac.upenn.edu/archive/volumes/v54/n22/commencement.html |access-date=19 July 2021 |website=University of Pennsylvania Almanac |archive-date=19 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719103004/https://almanac.upenn.edu/archive/volumes/v54/n22/commencement.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ramaphosa received the Golden Plate Award of the [[Academy of Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]] in 2009, presented by Awards Council member [[Desmond Tutu|Archbishop Desmond Tutu]] at an awards ceremony at [[St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town|St. George's Cathedral]] in Cape Town, South Africa.<ref>{{cite web|title= Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement |website=www.achievement.org|publisher=[[American Academy of Achievement]]|url= https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=2009 Summit Highlights Photo | url= https://achievement.org/summit/2009/|quote= Archbishop Desmond Tutu presents Cyril Ramaphosa, Executive Chairman of Shanduka Group, with the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement at the 2009 International Achievement Summit in Cape Town, South Africa.}}</ref>


===State honours===
Ramaphosa was named one of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine's 100 Most Influential People of 2019.<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Cyril Ramaphosa: The 100 Most Influential People of 2019|url=https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567761/cyril-ramaphosa/|access-date=22 September 2020|magazine=Time |archive-date=16 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916205832/https://time.com/collection/100-most-influential-people-2019/5567761/cyril-ramaphosa/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flag|Algeria}}: Medal of the [[National Order of Merit (Algeria)|Order of National Merit]] (Athir, 2024)<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chafai |first=Mohamed |date=December 7, 2024 |title=President Tebboune awards his South African counterpart Athir Medal of Order of National Merit |url=https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/55433-president-tebboune-awards-his-south-african-counterpart-athir-medal-of-order-of-national-merit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208153820/https://www.aps.dz/en/algeria/55433-president-tebboune-awards-his-south-african-counterpart-athir-medal-of-order-of-national-merit |archive-date=December 8, 2024 |access-date=December 7, 2024 |language=en |agency=Algeria Press Service}}</ref>

*{{flag|Guinea}}: Grand Cross of the [[National Order of Merit (Guinea)|National Order of Merit]] (2019)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/GovernmentZA/status/1202262342727340034|title=Cyril Ramaphosa awarded Grand Croix de la l'Orde National du Merite by President of Guinea|date=4 November 2019|access-date=28 November 2022|archive-date=28 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128061830/https://twitter.com/GovernmentZA/status/1202262342727340034|url-status=live}}</ref>
== International positions ==
*{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}: Collar of the [[Order of King Abdulaziz]] (2018)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.twitter.com/presidencyza/status/1017439617648418816 |title=Twitter |access-date=23 March 2023 |archive-date=23 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323204736/https://mobile.twitter.com/presidencyza/status/1017439617648418816 |url-status=live }}</ref>

*{{flag|Senegal}}: Grand Cross of the [[National Order of the Lion]] (2021)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thediplomaticinsight.com/south-african-president-visits-senegal/|title=South African President visits Senegal|date=8 December 2021|publisher=thediplomaticinsight.com|access-date=28 November 2022|archive-date=28 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128075241/https://thediplomaticinsight.com/south-african-president-visits-senegal/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In his role as a businessman, Ramaphosa is a member of the [[Coca-Cola Company]] International Advisory Board as well as the [[Unilever]] Africa Advisory Council. He was also the first deputy chairman of the [[Commonwealth Business Council]].
*{{flag|United Kingdom}}: [[Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] (GCB, 2022)

Along with the ex-president of Finland, [[Martti Ahtisaari]], he was appointed an inspector of the [[Irish Republican Army]] weapon dumps in Northern Ireland. Ramaphosa is the honorary consul general for Iceland in Johannesburg, South Africa.

In the [[2007–2008 Kenyan crisis]], which followed the [[2007 Kenyan presidential election|disputed re-election]] of President [[Mwai Kibaki]] in December 2007, Ramaphosa was unanimously chosen by the mediation team headed by [[Kofi Annan]] to be the chief mediator in charge of leading long-term talks. However, Kibaki's government expressed dissatisfaction with the choice of Ramaphosa, saying that he had business links with Kibaki's opponent [[Raila Odinga]], and Annan accepted Ramaphosa's withdrawal from the role of chief mediator on 4 February.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/0B264046-B4C2-415D-966F-D6F70D1A43EE.htm |title=Al Jazeera English - News - Kenya Rejects S African Mediator |access-date=4 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207125543/http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/0B264046-B4C2-415D-966F-D6F70D1A43EE.htm |archive-date=7 February 2008 }}</ref> According to Ramaphosa, Odinga visited him in 2007, but he did not have any "special interest" that would lead him to favour one side or the other;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id%3D1%26click_id%3D68%26art_id%3Dvn20080204060448336C666005 |title=IOL: News for South Africa and the World |access-date=7 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 |archive-date=15 June 2006 }}</ref> however, he said that he could not be an effective mediator without "the trust and confidence of all parties" and that he, therefore, felt it would be best for him to return to South Africa to avoid becoming an obstacle in the negotiation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id%3D1%26click_id%3D3016%26art_id%3Dnw20080204142426222C284380 |title=IOL: News for South Africa and the World |access-date=8 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 |archive-date=15 June 2006 }}</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Ramaphosa is a very private person and not much is known about his personal life. Ramaphosa was previously married to Hope Ramaphosa (1978–1989) with whom he has a son, and later married and divorced, the now late businesswoman Nomazizi Mtshotshisa (1991–1993). In 1996, he married [[Tshepo Motsepe]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/229817/cyril-ramaphosa-rejects-state-house/|title=Cyril Ramaphosa rejects state house|work=The Citizen|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812210825/http://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/229817/cyril-ramaphosa-rejects-state-house/|url-status=live}}</ref> a medical doctor and the sister of South African mining billionaire [[Patrice Motsepe]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Head |first1=Tom |title=Six things you didn't know about Tshepo Motsepe: SA's new First Lady |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/who-is-tshepo-motsepe-first-lady/ |access-date=25 December 2018 |work=The South African |date=16 February 2018}}</ref> Ramaphosa has five known children.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/sunday-tribune/lifestyle/women-go-wild-for-ramaphosa-son-13474290|title=Women go wild for Ramaphosa son|work=IOL|access-date=25 April 2018|archive-date=25 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425183821/https://www.iol.co.za/sunday-tribune/lifestyle/women-go-wild-for-ramaphosa-son-13474290|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1637687/i-support-and-love-him-says-ramaphosas-wife-tshepo-motsepe-following-cheating-scandal/|title=I support and love him, says Ramaphosa's wife following cheating scandal|last=Maune|first=Bernice|work=The Citizen|access-date=11 November 2017|archive-date=29 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929224649/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1637687/i-support-and-love-him-says-ramaphosas-wife-tshepo-motsepe-following-cheating-scandal/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Ramaphosa was married from 1978 to 1989 to Hope Ramaphosa, with whom he has a son, and from 1991 to 1993 to the now deceased businesswoman Nomazizi Mtshotshisa. In 1996, he married [[Tshepo Motsepe]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/229817/cyril-ramaphosa-rejects-state-house/|title=Cyril Ramaphosa rejects state house|work=The Citizen|access-date=12 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812210825/http://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/229817/cyril-ramaphosa-rejects-state-house/|url-status=live}}</ref> a medical doctor and the sister of South African mining billionaire [[Patrice Motsepe]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Head |first1=Tom |title=Six things you didn't know about Tshepo Motsepe: SA's new First Lady |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/who-is-tshepo-motsepe-first-lady/ |access-date=25 December 2018 |work=The South African |date=16 February 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615144814/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/who-is-tshepo-motsepe-first-lady/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He is thought to have five children.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 February 2018 |title=Women go wild for Ramaphosa son |work=IOL |url=https://www.iol.co.za/sunday-tribune/lifestyle/women-go-wild-for-ramaphosa-son-13474290 |url-status=live |access-date=25 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425183821/https://www.iol.co.za/sunday-tribune/lifestyle/women-go-wild-for-ramaphosa-son-13474290 |archive-date=25 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Maune |first=Bernice |date=3 September 2017 |title=I support and love him, says Ramaphosa's wife following cheating scandal |work=The Citizen |url=https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1637687/i-support-and-love-him-says-ramaphosas-wife-tshepo-motsepe-following-cheating-scandal/ |url-status=live |access-date=11 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929224649/https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1637687/i-support-and-love-him-says-ramaphosas-wife-tshepo-motsepe-following-cheating-scandal/ |archive-date=29 September 2017}}</ref>


He owns a luxury mansion at the foot of [[Lion's Head (Cape Town)|Lion's Head]] in [[Cape Town]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Huisman |first1=Bienne |title=Cyril Ramaphosa's R30m posh plot |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Ramaphosas-R30m-posh-plot-20150711-2 |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=City Press |date=12 July 2015 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109090143/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Ramaphosas-R30m-posh-plot-20150711-2 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ramaphosa is known to be one of the richest people in Africa, with an estimated net worth of more than $450 million and has appeared in financial magazines such as ''[[Forbes Africa]]'' and ''[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Here are 24 of the richest people in South Africa |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/wealth/327059/here-are-24-of-the-richest-people-in-south-africa/ |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=BusinessTECH |date=3 July 2019 |archive-date=5 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105173142/https://businesstech.co.za/news/wealth/327059/here-are-24-of-the-richest-people-in-south-africa/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
He owns a luxury mansion at the foot of [[Lion's Head (Cape Town)|Lion's Head]] in Cape Town,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Huisman |first1=Bienne |title=Cyril Ramaphosa's R30m posh plot |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Ramaphosas-R30m-posh-plot-20150711-2 |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=City Press |date=12 July 2015 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109090143/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Ramaphosas-R30m-posh-plot-20150711-2 |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as 30 other properties.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 February 2017 |title=Ramaphosa declares ownership of 31 properties |work=Business Day |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/rdm/politics/2017-02-22-ramaphosa-declares-ownership-of-31-properties/|first=Bianca|last=Capazorio |url-status=dead |access-date=12 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812141803/https://www.businesslive.co.za/rdm/politics/2017-02-22-ramaphosa-declares-ownership-of-31-properties/ |archive-date=12 August 2017}}</ref> In 2018, [[Investing.com]] estimated his net worth at R6.4 billion ($450 million).<ref>{{cite news |date=3 July 2019 |title=Here are 24 of the richest people in South Africa |newspaper=BusinessTech |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/wealth/327059/here-are-24-of-the-richest-people-in-south-africa/ |url-status=live |access-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105173142/https://businesstech.co.za/news/wealth/327059/here-are-24-of-the-richest-people-in-south-africa/ |archive-date=5 November 2019}}</ref>


He is a [[polyglot]], and is known for including a variety of [[South African languages]] when delivering most of his speeches.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Karrim |first1=Azarrah |title='There is no language that is superior to another' - Ramaphosa celebrates Heritage Day with a focus on African languages |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/there-is-no-language-that-is-superior-to-another-ramaphosa-celebrates-heritage-day-with-a-focus-on-african-languages-20190924 |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=News24 |date=24 September 2019 |archive-date=27 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927034432/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/there-is-no-language-that-is-superior-to-another-ramaphosa-celebrates-heritage-day-with-a-focus-on-african-languages-20190924 |url-status=live }}</ref>
He is a [[polyglot]], and is known for using a variety of [[South African languages]] when delivering his speeches.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Karrim |first1=Azarrah |title='There is no language that is superior to another' Ramaphosa celebrates Heritage Day with a focus on African languages |url=https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/there-is-no-language-that-is-superior-to-another-ramaphosa-celebrates-heritage-day-with-a-focus-on-african-languages-20190924 |access-date=9 November 2019 |newspaper=News24 |date=24 September 2019 |archive-date=27 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927034432/https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/there-is-no-language-that-is-superior-to-another-ramaphosa-celebrates-heritage-day-with-a-focus-on-african-languages-20190924 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Ramaphosa is also the founder of the Cyril Ramaphosa Foundation.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*Butler, Anthony (2011). ''Cyril Ramaphosa''. Johannesburg: Jacana. p.&nbsp;1. {{ISBN|9781431401840}}.
*Lodge, Tom (2006). ''Mandela : a critical life''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.&nbsp;211. {{ISBN| 978-0-19-151723-5}}. {{OCLC| 99996633}}.
*Black Economic Empowerment Commission (2001). ''A National Integrated Black Economic Empowerment Strategy (PDF)''. Johannesburg: Skotaville Press. {{ISBN|9781919882024}}.
*Ray, Hartley (2019). ''Der Weg zur Macht in Südafrika''. Tessa Publishing. {{ISBN|978-3-947925-04-9}}
*Ray, Hartley (2018). ''Ramaphosa: Path to Power''. South Africa: Jonathan Ball Publishers. {{ISBN|9781868429165}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
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* [http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/cyril-ramaphosa-1952 Cyril Ramaphosa (1952 - ) | The Presidency]
* [http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/cyril-ramaphosa-1952 Cyril Ramaphosa (1952 ) | The Presidency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516054708/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/cyril-ramaphosa-1952 |date=16 May 2021 }}
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Latest revision as of 15:52, 8 December 2024

Cyril Ramaphosa
Ramaphosa in September 2024
5th President of South Africa
Assumed office
15 February 2018
Deputy
Preceded byJacob Zuma
14th President of the African National Congress
Assumed office
18 December 2017
Deputy
  • David Mabuza
    (2017–2022)
  • Paul Mashatile
    (since 2022)
Preceded byJacob Zuma
7th Deputy President of South Africa
In office
26 May 2014 – 15 February 2018
PresidentJacob Zuma
Preceded byKgalema Motlanthe
Succeeded byDavid Mabuza
9th Deputy President of the African National Congress
In office
18 December 2012 – 18 December 2017
PresidentJacob Zuma
Preceded byKgalema Motlanthe
Succeeded byDavid Mabuza
13th Secretary-General of the African National Congress
In office
7 July 1991 – December 1996
PresidentNelson Mandela
Preceded byAlfred Nzo
Succeeded by
Member of the National Assembly
In office
9 May 1994 – December 1996
Additional offices 1982‍–‍2021
18th Chairperson of the African Union
In office
10 February 2020 – 6 February 2021
Preceded byAbdel Fattah el-Sisi[1]
Succeeded byFelix Tshisekedi
1st Chancellor of the University of Mpumalanga
In office
2 April 2016 – 1 July 2021
Vice-ChancellorThoko Mayekiso
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byMandisa Maya
1st Secretary-General of the National Union of Mineworkers
In office
August 1982 – June 1991
PresidentJames Motlatsi
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byKgalema Motlanthe
Personal details
Born
Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa

(1952-11-17) 17 November 1952 (age 72)
Soweto, South Africa
Political partyAfrican National Congress
Spouses
Hope Ramaphosa
(m. 1978; div. 1989)
Nomazizi Mtshotshisa
(m. 1991; div. 1993)
(m. 1996)
Children5 (estimated)
Alma mater
Occupation
Website

Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa (born 17 November 1952) is a South African businessman and politician serving as the 5th and current President of South Africa since 2018. A former anti-apartheid activist and trade union leader, Ramaphosa is also the president (leader) of the African National Congress (ANC).

Ramaphosa rose to national prominence as secretary general of South Africa's biggest and most powerful trade union, the National Union of Mineworkers.[2] In 1991, he was elected ANC secretary general under ANC president Nelson Mandela and became the ANC's chief negotiator during the negotiations that ended apartheid.[3][4] He was elected chairperson of the Constitutional Assembly after the country's first fully democratic elections in 1994 and some observers believed that he was Mandela's preferred successor.[5] However, Ramaphosa resigned from politics in 1996 and became well known as a businessman, including as an owner of McDonald's South Africa, chair of the board for MTN, member of the board for Lonmin, and founder of the Shanduka Group.

Ramaphosa returned to politics in December 2012 at the ANC's 53rd National Conference and served as the deputy president of South Africa under President Jacob Zuma from 2014 to 2018. He was also chairman of the National Planning Commission. At the ANC's 54th National Conference on 18 December 2017, he was elected president of the ANC. Two months later, the day after Zuma resigned on 14 February 2018, the National Assembly (NA) elected Ramaphosa as president of South Africa. He began his first full term as president in May 2019 following the ANC's victory in the 2019 general election. While president, Ramaphosa served as chairperson of the African Union from 2020 to 2021[1] and led South Africa's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ramaphosa's net worth was estimated at over R6.4 billion ($450 million) as of 2018.[6] He has been criticised for his conduct and involvement in his business interests, including his harsh posture as a Lonmin director towards the Marikana miners' strike in the week ahead of the Marikana massacre.

On 19 December 2022, it was announced that the ANC's 55th National Conference had elected Ramaphosa to a second term as president of the ANC.[7] On 14 June 2024, the National Assembly of South Africa elected Ramaphosa to a second term as president of South Africa.[8]

Early life

Ramaphosa was born in Soweto, Johannesburg, on 17 November 1952, to Venda parents.[9][10] He is the second of the three children to Erdmuth and retired policeman Samuel Ramaphosa.[11] He attended Tshilidzi Primary School and Sekano Ntoane High School in Soweto.[12] In 1971, he matriculated from Mphaphuli High School in Sibasa, Venda where he was elected head of the Student Christian Movement.[13] He subsequently registered to study law at the University of the North (Turfloop) in Limpopo Province in 1972.[14]

While at university, Ramaphosa became involved in student politics and joined the South African Students Organisation (SASO)[15] and the Black People's Convention (BPC).[16] This resulted in him being detained in solitary confinement for eleven months in 1974 under Section 6 of the Terrorism Act, 1967, for organising pro-Frelimo rallies.[17] In 1976 he was detained again, following the unrest in Soweto, and held for six months at John Vorster Square under the Terrorism Act.[17] After his release, he became a law clerk for a Johannesburg firm of attorneys and continued with his legal studies through correspondence with the University of South Africa (UNISA), where he obtained his Bachelor of Procurationis degree (B. Proc.) in 1981.[18]

Anti-apartheid and labour activism

After completing his legal qualifications and obtaining his degree, Ramaphosa joined the Council of Unions of South Africa (CUSA) as an advisor in the legal department.[12][19] In 1982, CUSA requested that Ramaphosa start a union for mineworkers;[12] this new union was launched in the same year and was named the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM). Ramaphosa was arrested in Lebowa, on the charge of organising or planning to take part in a meeting in Namakgale which had been banned by the local magistrate.[20]

In August 1982, CUSA resolved to form the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), and in December Ramaphosa became its first secretary. Ramaphosa was the conference organiser in the preparations leading to the formation of the Congress of the South African Trade Union (COSATU). He delivered a keynote address at Cosatu's launch rally in Durban in December 1985. In March 1986, he was part of COSATU's delegation which met the African National Congress in Lusaka, Zambia.[21]

Ramaphosa was elected as the first general secretary of the union, a position he held until he resigned in June 1991,[21] following his election as secretary-general of the African National Congress (ANC). Under his leadership, union membership grew from 6,000 in 1982 to 300,000 in 1992, giving it control of nearly half of the total black workforce in the South African mining industry. As general secretary, he, James Motlatsi (president of NUM), and Elijah Barayi (vice-president of NUM) also led the mineworkers in one of the biggest strikes ever in South African history.

In December 1988, Ramaphosa and other prominent members of the Soweto community met Soweto's mayor to discuss the rent boycott crisis.[22]

In 1985, the NUM broke away from CUSA and helped to establish the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU). When COSATU joined forces with the United Democratic Front (UDF) political movement against the National Party government of P. W. Botha, Ramaphosa took a leading role in what became known as the Mass Democratic Movement (MDM).[23]

Ramaphosa has claimed that he is a committed socialist.[24]

Rise in the ANC (1990–1996)

After the ANC was unbanned in early 1990, Ramaphosa became increasingly close with the organisation. In January 1990, he accompanied released ANC political prisoners to the ANC headquarters in Lusaka, Zambia; and, later, that year, he served as chairman of the National Reception Committee, which coordinated arrangements for Nelson Mandela's release from prison, including concomitant celebratory rallies.[25][21] Ramaphosa was elected Secretary-General of the ANC at the party's 48th National Conference in Durban in July 1991, and subsequently became head of the ANC's delegation to the negotiations that ended apartheid. He was also a visiting professor of law at Stanford University in October 1991.[25]

Following the first fully democratic elections in 1994, he became a Member of Parliament (MP) and was elected the chairperson of its Constitutional Assembly on 24 May 1994, a central role in Mandela's Government of National Unity. He was also re-elected, unopposed, as ANC Secretary-General at the party's 49th National Conference in December 1994.[26] However, in 1996, he resigned from ANC office and from Parliament and announced his retreat from politics,[27] reportedly because he was disappointed that Thabo Mbeki had been anointed Mandela's successor.[28][29]

Business career (1996–2014)

After he resigned from politics, Ramaphosa became a businessman, taking advantage of the conducive environment provided by the new Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policy. Among other positions, he was executive chairman of the Shanduka Group, a company he founded, which invested in mineral resources, energy, real estate, banking, insurance, and telecoms (SEACOM).[30] By 2014, Shanduka was worth more than R20-billion, and the Ramaphosa family's Tshivhase Trust was its majority shareholder.[31] Ramaphosa was also a chairman of Bidvest, MTN, and from March 2007, Mondi, a leading international paper and packaging group. His other non-executive directorships included Macsteel Holdings, Alexander Forbes, SABMiller, Lonmin, Anglo American, and Standard Bank.[32][33] In 2011, Ramaphosa paid for a 20-year master franchise agreement to run 145 McDonald's restaurants in South Africa.[34] He also belonged to the Coca-Cola Company International Advisory Board[34] and the Unilever Africa Advisory Council.

Ramaphosa's various shareholdings made him one of South Africa's richest men.[35] According to the Sunday Times, his estimated net worth of R2.22 billion made him the 13th richest person in South Africa in 2011, and that figure jumped to R3.1 billion in 2012.[36] Both estimates, moreover, excluded his unlisted investments through Shanduka, including the McDonald's franchise agreement and a coal-mining partnership with Glencore.[36]

Cattle farming

During a visit to Uganda in 2004, Ramaphosa became interested in the Ankole breed of cattle. Because of inadequate disease control measures in Uganda, the South African government denied him permission to import any of the breed. Instead, Ramaphosa purchased 43 cows from Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni and shipped them to Kenya, where they were artificially inseminated; the embryos were then removed and shipped to South Africa, to be transferred to quarantined cows. As of August 2017, Ramaphosa had 100 Ankole breeding cows at his Ntaba Nyoni farm in Mpumalanga.[37][38] That year, he co-wrote a book about the breed, Cattle of the Ages: Stories, and Portraits of the Ankole Cattle of Southern Africa.[39]

Public service

His resignation from politics notwithstanding, Ramaphosa occasionally accepted positions in the public eye, both abroad and in South Africa. He became the first Vice Chairman of the Commonwealth Business Council,[33] and, in 1998, the Chairman of South Africa's BEE Commission.[40] In 2000, he was appointed to the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning as an arms inspector, responsible for supervising the decommissioning of Irish Republican Army armaments in Northern Ireland.[41] And, in April 2010, he was appointed by President Jacob Zuma to the National Planning Commission, where he served as deputy chairperson to Minister in the Presidency Trevor Manuel.[42]

In the 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis, which followed the disputed re-election of President Mwai Kibaki in December 2007, Ramaphosa was unanimously chosen by Kofi Annan's mediation team to be the chief mediator in charge of long-term talks. However, Kibaki's government protested Ramaphosa's involvement, saying that he had business links with Kibaki's opponent Raila Odinga.[43] According to Ramaphosa, Odinga had visited him in 2007, but he did not have any "special interest" that would lead him to favour one side or the other;[44] however, he said that he could not be an effective mediator without "the trust and confidence of all parties" and that he did not wish to become an obstacle to the negotiations.[45] He therefore withdrew from the talks on 4 February.[43] However, he returned to a peacemaking role in 2014, when – in his capacity as Deputy Chairperson of the National Planning Commission – he served as the South African President's Special Envoy to South Sudan during the South Sudanese civil war.[46]

Ramaphosa also continued to accept nominations to the National Executive Committee of the ANC: at the 50th National Conference in 1997, he received the most votes of any candidate;[47] and at the 51st National Conference in 2002, he received the second-most.[48] Ahead of the 52nd National Conference in 2007, he denied persistent rumours that he intended to join the race to replace Mbeki as ANC president;[49][50] that year, he ranked 30th on the list of most popular NEC candidates.[51]

ANC Deputy Presidency (2012–2017)

Ramaphosa meets with Chilean President Michelle Bachelet in Santiago, 8 August 2014

Ramaphosa made his return to political leadership in 2012, ahead of the ANC's 53rd National Conference, when he received nominations to become ANC Deputy President. On 20 May 2012, Derek Hanekom, an ANC MP, publicly encouraged Ramaphosa to run for the ANC presidency, saying, "We need leaders of comrade Cyril's calibre. I know Cyril is very good at business, but I really wish he would put all his money in a trust and step up for a higher and more senior position". Ramaphosa dismissed the resulting speculation, saying, "You can't read anything [into what Hanekom said]. He was joking".[52]

Indeed, Ramaphosa did not confirm his intention to accept the deputy presidential nomination until 16 December, the day before the conference began.[53] However, he received strong backing from incumbent President Jacob Zuma – a partnership viewed as a strategic attempt by Zuma to "outsmart and punish" Kgalema Motlanthe, who was challenging Zuma for the presidency but whose constituency was similar to Ramaphosa's, given their shared union backgrounds and polished reputations.[54][55] Ramaphosa elected ANC Deputy President in a resounding victory on 18 December: he received 3,018 votes, while Mathews Phosa received 470 votes and Tokyo Sexwale received 463 votes.[56][57]

Deputy Presidency of South Africa (2014–2018)

After his reelection in the 2014 elections, President Zuma appointed Ramaphosa the Deputy President of South Africa on 25 May 2014; Ramaphosa was sworn into office by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng the following day.[58]

After his election as ANC Deputy President, Ramaphosa had begun the process of resigning from various business positions, and in 2014 he concluded the process, as required by the Executive Ethics Code. This entailed his exit from Shanduka,[59] from McDonald's South Africa,[60] from platinum producer Lonmin,[31][32] and from all other companies which might give rise to a conflict of interest, particularly in industries regulated by the government.[61] His other interests – including a share trading company, his livestock farms, his property interests, and a sports car company[31] – were placed in a blind trust.[61] Parliament's 2014 Register of Members' Interests reflected over R76-million in company shares held by Ramaphosa (although that figure excluded shares held together with private individuals), as well as his ownership of 30 townhouses in Johannesburg and two apartments in Cape Town.[31][62]

Domestic role

Alongside his duties as Deputy President, Ramaphosa was made Leader of Government Business in the National Assembly in terms of section 91(4) of the Constitution, a role which involved coordinating between Parliament and Zuma's cabinet. On 3 June, Zuma also appointed him the Chairman of the National Planning Commission, with Jeff Radebe as his deputy.[63] In addition, Ramaphosa was responsible for developing a proposal to implement a national minimum wage, leading consultation on the matter between Zuma's administration and representatives of labour and business.[64] The proposal was approved by cabinet in November 2017.[65]

In July 2014, Ramaphosa called for unity in the country after Julius Malema argued that the Afrikaans portion of the national anthem should be scrapped. Ramaphosa said, "We are about building a nation and we must extend a hand of friendship, a hand of continued reconciliation to those who feel that the national anthem does not represent them any longer, and it can happen on both sides".[66] Late in Zuma's term, Ramaphosa also began to address publicly the widespread allegations of corruption in Zuma's administration.[67]

Foreign relations

Ramaphosa at the Global Open Government Summit in Mexico City, 28 October 2015

In 2018, Ramaphosa, in Zuma's stead, led South Africa's delegation to the World Economic Forum in Davos, to promote investment and business in South Africa.[68] His other official trips abroad included a two-day working visit to Vietnam and Singapore, the objectives of which included consolidating trade relations, as well as the opportunity for South Africa to learn from the Singaporean economic model and the role it prescribed for state-owned enterprises.[69][70][71] Ramaphosa also continued to serve as Zuma's Special Envoy during the mediation in the South Sudanese conflict,[72] and participated in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) mediation in neighbouring Lesotho.[73]

ANC Presidency (2017–present)

Election

Ramaphosa stood for the ANC presidency in 2017, at the expiry of Zuma's term. Although he received the NUM's endorsement as early as September 2016,[74] his campaign did not begin until April 2017.[75][76][77] Under the banner #CR17 Siyavuma,[78] Ramaphosa ran on anti-corruption platform, with an emphasis on economic policies conducive to industrialisation and investment.[79][80] He was endorsed by Cosatu and the SACP;[81] by the provincial leadership of the ANC's Northern Cape, Eastern Cape, and Gauteng provinces; and by politicians including education minister Angie Motshekga,[82] former finance minister Pravin Gordhan,[83] Cosatu president Sdumo Dlamini, and former KwaZulu-Natal Premier Senzo Mchunu.[84]

Ramaphosa's primary opponent was Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, who had the endorsement of Zuma, her ex-husband. On 18 December 2017, he was elected the President of the ANC at the party's 54th National Conference, defeating Dlamini-Zuma by 2,440 votes to 2,261.[85][86]

Renewal project

In his first speech as ANC leader, Ramaphosa pledged to stamp out corruption in the party.[87] He subsequently spearheaded what he said was a campaign to "renew" the ANC internally and to restore its integrity and public image.[88][89][90] Among other things, this campaign entailed the implementation of the new step-aside rule to suspend ANC leaders accused of corruption. This, in turn, led to a confrontation with ANC Secretary-General Ace Magashule, who, upon his suspension from the party in May 2021, attempted to retaliate by suspending Ramaphosa, accusing him of irregularities in the financing of the CR2017 campaign. Magashule's attempt had no legal force because of his own suspension.[91]

In December 2022, Ramaphosa was re-elected leader of the ANC, running against Zweli Mkhize, for a second five-year term.[92] The next parliamentary general election which took place in 2024 saw the ANC lose its parliamentary majority.[93][94][8] Despite this, Ramaphosa would secure a third term as president in June 2024 after the ANC secured a coalition with the Democratic Alliance (DA), the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) and the Patriotic Alliance (PA) parties.[94][8] Ramaphosa received 283 votes to Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) leader Julius Malema’s 44 in the 400-member house.[8]

Presidency of South Africa (2018–present)

Following President Jacob Zuma's resignation in February 2018, Ramaphosa was elected unopposed as President of South Africa by the National Assembly on 15 February 2018.[95] Ramaphosa took his oath of office in the presidential guesthouse, Tuynhuys, by Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng.[96][97][98]

Markets rallied strongly the day after Ramaphosa assumed the presidency with stocks rising and the rand reaching its firmest since early 2015. Government bonds also increased in strength.[99][100]

On 16 February 2018, Ramaphosa gave his first State of the Nation Address as the president of South Africa, the first time in a democratic South Africa where the president delivered his State of the Nation Address without a deputy president. Ramaphosa emphasised the need to grow the economy of South Africa, increase tourism and youth employment, as well as reduce the size of the Cabinet. In this speech, Ramaphosa also focused on the importance of keeping Mandela's legacy alive.[101]

Ramaphosa's speech was met with mostly positive reviews from opposition parties saying that his speech was positive and that it would bring about change, but that they would hold him accountable.[102][103]

On 17 February 2018, Ramaphosa, as commander in chief of the South African National Defence Force, attended the Armed Forces Inter-Faith Service at the Mittah Seperepere Convention Centre in Kimberley and made his first public speech as the president of South Africa.[104]

On 26 February 2018, Ramaphosa, who had inherited Jacob Zuma's cabinet, reshuffled cabinet for the first time removing many of the cabinet members who had been controversial through the Zuma era and who had close links to the Gupta family. Ramaphosa also named the deputy president of the African National Congress and the Premier of Mpumalanga, David Mabuza, as the country's Deputy President.[105][106]

Ramaphosa with Russian President Vladimir Putin in St. Petersburg on 17 June 2023

On 8 May 2019, the African National Congress led by President Ramaphosa won 57.50% of the vote in the 2019 South African general election.[107][108] Ramaphosa was subsequently elected unopposed to his first full term as president by the National Assembly on 22 May 2019.[109] As Ramaphosa had previously been elected as president to fill the vacancy left by the resignation of his predecessor, he is constitutionally eligible to serve two full terms.[110]

At the 2020 AU summit, Ramaphosa expressed support for the African Continental Free Trade Area and described it as a major driver for reigniting industrialization and paving the way for Africa's integration into the global market.[1] Ramaphosa also stated that the free trade agreement will make Africa a player of considerable weight and scale in the global market as well.[1]

At the 2020 AU Summit, Ramaphosa also expressed support for closing the gender gap and ending gender inequality.[1]

His government responded to the 2021 South African unrest, the deadliest riots in South Africa since the apartheid era.[111]

Ramaphosa was re-elected as President for a second term on 14 June 2024 with the support of the Democratic Alliance and other opposition parties after ANC failed to win an outright majority in the 2024 general elections.[112] Ramaphosa was inaugurated and took his oath of office at the Union Buildings in Pretoria on 19 June 2024.[113]

Domestic policy

Ramaphosa in 2019

Since Ramaphosa became president he has made land reform and the economy his main priorities, as well as dealing with the outbreak of listeriosis which has claimed the lives of over 100 since the start of 2018.

In February 2018, South Africa's parliament voted 241–83 to begin amending the "property clause" in the constitution to allow the expropriation of land without compensation.[114][115]

On 19 March 2018, Ramaphosa suspended Tom Moyane as the Commissioner of the South African Revenue Service after Moyane had refused to step down.[116][117]

Under his leadership, the African National Congress has pushed for a constitutional amendment allowing the government to confiscate farms owned by White South Africans. He has said that the state having the power to seize property for no compensation will encourage economic growth.[118] In a time when the Rand is at a two-year low, economists have been doubtful over the possibility of this policy being successful.[119]

On 14 August 2018, Ramaphosa appointed Dr. Silas Ramaite as the Acting National Director of Public Prosecutions (NDPP) following the ruling by the Constitutional Court that Director Shaun Abrahams had been appointed unlawfully by the former president, Jacob Zuma.[120]

South Africa made world headlines because of attacks against foreign nationals within the borders of the country, with many South Africans blaming foreign nationals for the country's socio-economic issues.[121]

On 10 June 2021, Ramaphosa announced that his government would raise the threshold for the amount of electricity that private companies could produce without a license – from 1 Megawatt to 100 Megawatts.[122] The decision was taken in order to respond to the increasing challenges faced by the country during the ongoing energy crisis, and to give "oomph," in Ramaphosa's words, to South Africa's economic recovery.[123]

On 11 February 2022, Ramaphosa announces that his government will formalise the South African cannabis industry, seeking to grow both production and exports.[124]

Ramaphosa launched the Youth Employment Service (YES) initiative as a means to employ one million youth and giving them more experience in the working field, with the South African Government even introducing the Employment Tax Incentive, which would reduce employer's costs when hiring youth.[125][126]

On 14 August 2018, President Ramaphosa addressed the launch of the Sanitation Appropriate For Education (SAFE) initiative in Pretoria to respond to the sanitary challenges facing the country's poorest schools.[127][128]

Foreign policy

Map showing a summary of the countries Ramaphosa made official trips as president.

Ramaphosa made his first international trip as President of South Africa to the Republic of Angola and met with President João Lourenço in his capacity as chairperson of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to talk about peace and defence. Ramaphosa made his first international trip as the president of South Africa on 2 March 2018 to the Republic of Angola and met with President João Lourenço as the chair of the SADC.[129]

On 20 March 2018, Ramaphosa made a trip to Kigali, Rwanda, along with Foreign Minister Lindiwe Sisulu, and met with President Paul Kagame and spoke about restoring relations between South Africa and Rwanda, later participating as panelists on the African Continental Free Trade Area Business Forum (ACFTABF) ahead of the 10th African Union Extraordinary Summit. The following day, Ramaphosa signed the Kigali Declaration on the establishment of the ACFTABF at the 10th African Union Extraordinary Summit.[130]

Ramaphosa alongside UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson at the 47th G7 summit, 12 June 2021

Ramaphosa hosted the 11th BRICS summit for 25–27 July 2018, at the Sandton Convention Centre in Johannesburg.[131]

On 10 May 2021, Ramaphosa said that the ANC condemned "in the strongest possible terms" the potential evictions of Palestinian families from their homes in Israeli-occupied East Jerusalem and the "brutal attacks on Palestinian protesters" at Al-Aqsa.[132]

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, launched on 24 February 2022, Ramaphosa did not condemn Russia or agree to any sanctions against Russia.[133][134] A month later, he stated that maintaining neutrality was essential to his having been asked to mediate between the two countries' leadership. Ramaphosa blamed NATO's proximity to Russian borders for the war: "The war could have been avoided if NATO had heeded the warnings from amongst its own leaders and officials over the years that its eastward expansion would lead to greater, not less, instability in the region."[135] On 11 May 2023, the United States ambassador to South Africa alleged the country was supplying weapons and ammunition to Russia.[136] Days later, Ramaphosa announced his Russian and Ukrainian counterparts have agreed that a delegation of African heads of state could visit Moscow and Kyiv to present a peace plan. "Whether that will succeed or not is going to depend on the discussions that will be held," he said.[137]

In November 2022, Ramaphosa became the first foreign head of state to make a formal state visit to the United Kingdom during the reign of King Charles III.[138] He was made an honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath by Charles.[139]

Ramaphosa with U.S. President Joe Biden in the White House, 16 September 2022

On 16 May 2023, Ramaphosa announced that the leaders of African countries came up with a new initiative for peace in Ukraine.[140] In June 2023, Ramaphosa led a delegation to Russia and Ukraine, which also included heads of state from Zambia, the Republic of Congo, Egypt, Uganda and Senegal.[141] After a meeting with Ramaphosa in Kyiv, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said that peace talks with Russia would be possible only after Moscow withdraws its forces from the entire occupied territory.[142] Ramaphosa visited the site of a mass grave in the town of Bucha, Ukraine and was in Kyiv during Russia's missile attack on the city.[143] Putin later admitted to Ramaphosa that he had ordered the bombing of Kyiv that day despite the presence of an African delegation in the city.[144] He met Russian President Vladimir Putin in St. Petersburg and told Putin that the war must end,[145] but Putin rejected the delegation's peace plan based on accepting Ukraine's internationally recognized borders.[146]

Ramaphosa and other BRICS leaders during the 15th BRICS Summit in Johannesburg, August 2023. Russia was represented by Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov.

In July 2023, Ramaphosa attended the 2023 Russia–Africa Summit in Saint Petersburg and met with Russian President Putin.[147][148] Ramaphosa called for peace in Ukraine and expressed concern about the global food crisis and rising fertilizer prices.[149]

Ramaphosa called for a ceasefire in the Israel–Hamas war,[150] stating "as South Africans we can relate to what is happening to Palestinians".[151] He condemned Israel's blockade of the Gaza Strip and the "collective punishment" of Palestinians in Gaza.[152][151] Ramaphosa described Israel as an "oppressive regime".[153]

In January 2024, he met with Hemedti, the leader of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).[154] The two men have firstly met since the start of the war that has plunged Sudan into a humanitarian crisis. He called for a ceasefire without reference to the humanitarian situation in the country.[155][156] He has emerged to embrace civilian politicians and tour African capitals in a bid for international legitimacy, analysts said.[157]

Coronavirus response

Ramaphosa has been internationally praised for his response to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa with the BBC commenting that, in this regard, "Ramaphosa has emerged as a formidable leader — composed, compassionate, but seized by the urgency of the moment."[158] In October 2020, Ramaphosa began a period of self-isolation after a guest at a dinner party he attended tested positive for coronavirus.[159]

On 12 December 2021, Minister in the Presidency, Mondli Gungubele announced that Ramaphosa had tested positive for COVID-19, and deputy president, David Mabuza would take over "all responsibilities" for the following week.[160]

Political philanthropy

Ramaphosa publicly declared in South Africa on 24 May 2018 that he would be donating half of his salary (R3.6 million annually) to charity in honour of late former South African president Nelson Mandela. He said the gesture was aimed at encouraging the wealthy to dedicate some of their pay to help build the nation. The donation was set to be managed by the Nelson Mandela Foundation (NMF).[161]

Ramaphosa is also the founder of the Cyril Ramaphosa Foundation.

Controversies

Marikana massacre

The Marikana massacre,[162] as referred to in the media, occurred when police broke up an occupation by striking Lonmin workers of a "koppie" (hilltop) near Nkaneng shack settlement in Marikana on 16 August 2012. As a result of the police shootings, 34 miners died and an additional 78 miners were injured causing anger and outcry against the police and South African government. Further controversy emerged after it was discovered that most of the victims were shot in the back[163] and many victims were shot far from police lines.[164] The violence on 16 August 2012 was the single most lethal use of force by South African security forces against civilians since the end of the apartheid era.[165]

During the Marikana Commission, it also emerged that Lonmin management solicited Ramaphosa, a Lonmin shareholder and ANC heavyweight, to coordinate "concomitant action" against "criminal" protesters and therefore is seen by many as being responsible for the massacre.[166][167]

Under the investigation of Farlam committee, Ramaphosa said that Lonmin lobbied government and the SAPS firstly to secure a massive police presence at Lonmin and secondly to characterise what was taking place as a criminal rather than an industrial relations event.[168]

The Marikana Commission of Inquiry ultimately found that given the deaths that had already occurred, his intervention did not cause the increase in police on site, nor did he know the operation would take place on 16 August.[169]

He was employed on the board of directors of Lonmin while taking an active stance when the Marikana Massacre took place on Lonmin's Marikana premises. On 15 August 2012 he called for action against the Marikana miners' strike, which he called "dastardly criminal" conduct that needed "concomitant action" to be taken.[170] He later admitted and regretted his involvement in the act and said that it could have been avoided if contingency plans had been made prior to the labour strike.[171]

Alleged extramarital affairs

In August 2017, the Sunday Independent published an article alleging that Ramaphosa had had several extramarital affairs, including with some women to whom he had given money. Ramaphosa denied the allegations, claiming that they were politically motivated aimed to derail his presidential campaign.[172]

CR17 campaign funds

On 19 July 2019, the Public Protector, Busisiwe Mkhwebane, released a report in which she claimed that Ramaphosa had intentionally misled the Parliament of South Africa over the controversial Bosasa donations to his CR17 ANC presidential campaign. COPE Leader Mosiuoa Lekota called for Ramaphosa to be impeached while DA Leader Mmusi Maimane proposed the establishment of an ad hoc committee to effectively investigate these allegations. Ramaphosa briefed the nation on 21 July 2019 and described the report as "fundamentally flawed" and called for a judicial review of Mkhwebane's findings.[173][174][175][176][177]

Conduct of business interests

Ramaphosa has been criticised for the conduct of his business interests,[178][179][180][181][182] although he has never been indicted for illegal activity in any of these controversies. Controversial business dealings include his joint venture with Glencore[183] and allegations of benefitting illegally from coal deals with Eskom which he has staunchly denied,[184][185] during which Glencore was in the public spotlight for its tendentious business activities involving Tony Blair in the Middle East; his son, Andile Ramaphosa, has also been found to have accepted payments totalling R2 million from Bosasa, the security company implicated in corruption and state capture by the Zondo Commission.[186][187]

Phala Phala robbery

On 9 February 2020, it is alleged about US$4 million in cash was stolen from Ramaphosa's Phala Phala game farm in Limpopo, although the exact amount was disputed.[188]

Ramaphosa later said the amount was $580,000. In 2022, he was accused of corruption, obstruction of justice, kidnapping and bribing the burglars into silence. After delivery of a report on the matter commissioned by Speaker Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, the parliament voted on 13 December 2022, 148 for and 214 against impeachment of the president.[citation needed]. On 11 October 2024, the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) announced that it would not be prosecuteing Ramaphosa or any suspects involved in the case.[189][190]

Honours and awards

Ramaphosa received the Olof Palme Prize in Stockholm in October 1987.[191] In 2009, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 2009, presented by Awards Council member Archbishop Desmond Tutu at a ceremony at St. George's Cathedral, Cape Town.[192][193] He has also frequently been listed as an influential individual: he was voted 34th in the 2004 list of Top 100 Great South Africans,[194] and was included in the Time 100 in 2007[195] and 2019.[196]

He has received honorary doctorates from, among others, the University of Natal, the University of Port Elizabeth, the University of Cape Town, the University of the North, the National University of Lesotho, National University of Ireland Galway,[197] the University of Massachusetts Boston,[198] and the University of Pennsylvania.[199]

State honours

Personal life

Ramaphosa was married from 1978 to 1989 to Hope Ramaphosa, with whom he has a son, and from 1991 to 1993 to the now deceased businesswoman Nomazizi Mtshotshisa. In 1996, he married Tshepo Motsepe,[204] a medical doctor and the sister of South African mining billionaire Patrice Motsepe.[205] He is thought to have five children.[206][207]

He owns a luxury mansion at the foot of Lion's Head in Cape Town,[208] as well as 30 other properties.[209] In 2018, Investing.com estimated his net worth at R6.4 billion ($450 million).[210]

He is a polyglot, and is known for using a variety of South African languages when delivering his speeches.[211]

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Further reading

  • Butler, Anthony (2011). Cyril Ramaphosa. Johannesburg: Jacana. p. 1. ISBN 9781431401840.
  • Lodge, Tom (2006). Mandela : a critical life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-19-151723-5. OCLC 99996633.
  • Black Economic Empowerment Commission (2001). A National Integrated Black Economic Empowerment Strategy (PDF). Johannesburg: Skotaville Press. ISBN 9781919882024.
  • Ray, Hartley (2019). Der Weg zur Macht in Südafrika. Tessa Publishing. ISBN 978-3-947925-04-9
  • Ray, Hartley (2018). Ramaphosa: Path to Power. South Africa: Jonathan Ball Publishers. ISBN 9781868429165
Political offices
Preceded by Deputy President of South Africa
2014–2018
Succeeded by
Preceded by Chair of the National Planning Commission
2014–2018
Succeeded by
Preceded by President of South Africa
2018–present
Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Secretary General of the African National Congress
1991–1997
Succeeded by
Preceded by Deputy President of the African National Congress
2012–2017
Succeeded by
Preceded by President of the African National Congress
2017–present
Incumbent
Trade union offices
New office General Secretary of the National Union of Mineworkers
1982–1991
Succeeded by