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Eighty-six or 86 is American English slang used to indicate that an item is no longer available, traditionally from a food or drinks establishment, or referring to a person or people who are not welcome on the premises. Its etymology is unknown, but seems to have been coined in the 1920s or 1930s.

The term has been more generally used to mean getting rid of someone or something. In the 1970s, its meaning expanded to refer to murder.^[1]

Etymology and meanings

The term eighty-six was initially used in restaurants and bars according to most late twentieth-century American slang dictionaries.^[2] It is often used in food and drink services to indicate that an item is no longer available or that a customer should be ejected.^[2] Beyond this context, it is generally used with the meaning to 'get rid of' someone or something.^[2]

According to the online Merriam-Webster dictionary, it means to "refuse to serve (a customer)", to "get rid of" or "throw out" someone or something.^[3]

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, it may be used as a noun or verb.^[4] As a noun, "In restaurants and bars, an expression indicating that the supply of an item is exhausted, or that a customer is not to be served; also, a customer to be refused service. Also transferred."^[4] As a transitive verb derived from the noun, it means "to eject or debar (a person) from premises; to reject or abandon".^[4] The OED gives examples of usage from 1933 to 1981;^[4] for example, in The Candidate, a media adviser says to Robert Redford, "OK, now, for starters, we got to cut your hair and eighty-six the sideburns".^[4]

According to Cassell's Dictionary of Slang, the meaning also means "to kill, to murder; to execute judicially," likely referring to the size of a standard grave being 2.5 feet wide by 8 feet long and 6 feet deep.^[1]^[5] This usage was derived from the slang term used in restaurants.^[6] Other slang dictionaries confirm this definition.^[7]^[8]^[6]

There are many theories about the origin of the term but none is certain. It seems to have originated in the 1920s or 1930s.^{[citation needed]} Possible origins include:

Rhyming slang for nix.^[4]
Part of the jargon used by soda jerks. Walter Winchell wrote about this in 1933, in his syndicated On Broadway column.^[9] In this, the code 13 meant that a boss was around, 81 was a glass of water and 86 meant "all out of it".^[10] Professor Harold Bentley of Columbia University studied soda jerk jargon and reported other numeric codes such as 95 for a customer leaving without paying.^[11]
Author Jef Klein theorized that the bar Chumley's at 86 Bedford Street in the West Village of Lower Manhattan was the source. His book The History and Stories of the Best Bars of New York claims that the police would call Chumley's bar during Prohibition before making a raid and tell the bartender to "86" his customers, meaning that they should exit out the 86 Bedford Street door, while the police would come to the Pamela Court entrance.^[12]

In popular culture

Music

The 1947 song "Boogie Woogie Blue Plate", by Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five,^[13] uses soda-jerk lingo, among which is "86 on the cherry pie".
The 1995 song "86" by Green Day is about them being rejected from their punk rock community when they started achieving commercial success.^[14]^[15]
The cover art for Eagles' 1980 live album Eagles Live features a stenciled version of the number on both sides. At the time, Eagles were on the verge of breaking up.
The 2015 song "The Remedy" by Puscifer also mentions the phrase. "Trolls receive 86's"

Stage and screen

Agent 86 in the 1960s TV show Get Smart gets his code number from the term.^[2]^[16]
Numbuh 86 from the 2000s Cartoon Network show Codename: Kids Next Door gets her "numbuh" from this term due to her job of "decommissioning" Kids Next Door operatives who have reached the age of 13 and become teenagers.
The 2018 comedy crime film 86'd by Alan Palomo depicts five stories taking place at a 24-hour deli with a theme song composed under his Neon Indian moniker.^[17]
Chumley's, one of the supposed origins of the term, was mentioned in the television series Elementary (Season 3, Episode 14, "The Female of the Species"). When Sherlock determines that a suspect evades police surveillance by using an old tunnel that was underneath the floor of the suspect's apartment, on the other side of that tunnel was the 86 Bedford St. door to Chumley's.

Literature

The 1989 novel Eighty-sixed by David B. Feinberg refers to "the gay community wiped out by AIDS".^[18] It won Feinberg the Lambda Literary Award for Gay Men's Fiction and the American Library Association Gay/Lesbian Award for Fiction.^[19]
In the 1983 novel The Witches by Roald Dahl, the Grand High Witch develops a potion named Formula 86 Delayed-Action Mouse-Maker designed to turn children into mice when ingested.
The 2009 novel 86'd by Dan Fante is loosely based on his own struggles with alcoholism and substance abuse.^[20]
In the Japanese novel 86 -Eighty Six- by Asato Asato, the Eighty-Six are people whose rights were taken away and relegated into internment camps in the unofficial 86th District, treated as sub-human, and forced to fight in the war.

Electrical generation

The ANSI device numbers standard uses 86 for lock-out and master trip relays. Consistent with this standard, the wiring diagrams for Petersburg Generating Station sets all lock-out relays to be named "86" in its documentation, and operators describe a trip or lock-out event (for example, pump motor shutdown due to low voltage) as "86'd".

References

^ ^a ^b Green, Jonathon (2005). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1. 2 [1970s+] (US) to kill, to murder; to execute judicially.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Dundes, Alan (2001). "An Uplifting Origin of 86". American Speech. 76 (4): 437–440. doi:10.1215/00031283-76-4-437. S2CID 143761197.
^ "Definition of 86 by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. October 2020. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "eighty-six, n.", Oxford English Dictionary, 1989, retrieved October 21, 2020 (subscription required)
^ "What Does the Term '86' Mean and Where Did It Come From?". Snopes. March 10, 2009. Retrieved October 30, 2020.
^ ^a ^b Hendrickson, Robert (2008). The Facts on File Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins. Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-6966-8. Eighty-six. To murder someone or put an end to something, [...] The expression derives from the restaurant waiter slang term eighty-six, which, among other things, means to "deny an unwelcome customer service" or to "cancel an order" ("Eighty-six the eggs!"), [...]
^ Lighter, Jonathan E.; House (Firm), Random (1994). Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: H-O. Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-43464-1. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
^ Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry (June 26, 2015). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-37251-6. Eighty-six to kill US, 1991
^ Walter Winchell (May 24, 1933), "On Broadway", Akron Beacon Journal
^ Ben Zimmer (June 23, 2018), "A Restaurant 'Eighty-Sixed' Sarah Huckabee Sanders. What Does That Mean?", The Atlantic, archived from the original on October 20, 2020, retrieved October 19, 2020
^ Bentley, Harold W. (February 1936), "Linguistic Concoctions of the Soda Jerker", American Speech, 11 (1), Duke University Press: 37–45, doi:10.2307/452683, JSTOR 452683, archived from the original on October 22, 2020, retrieved October 19, 2020
^ Klein, Jef (2006). The History and Stories of the Best Bars of New York. Turner Publishing Company.
^ Knopper, Steve (1999). MusicHound Swing!: The Essential Album Guide. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 978-1-57859-091-9.
^ "Green Day: The Inside Story of Insomniac". Kerrang!. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
^ Case, Wesley (May 3, 2013). "A brief guide to Green Day". The Baltimore Sun. Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
^ Douglas Martin (September 27, 2005), "Don Adams, Television's Maxwell Smart, Dies at 82", The New York Times, archived from the original on September 12, 2020, retrieved October 19, 2020
^ Arcland, Rob (December 21, 2018). "Neon Indian Releases Theme Song for His New Film 86'd". Spin. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
^ Texier, Catherien (February 26, 1989). "When sex was all that mattered". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
^ Feinberg, David B. (November 1, 1995). Queer and Loathing: Rants and Raves of a Raging AIDS Clone. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-16171-5.
^ "Dan Fante, Confronting His Demons on the Page". NPR. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.

External links

[Expanded-1] Green, Jonathon (2005). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1. 2 [1970s+] (US) to kill, to murder; to execute judicially.

[dun-upl-2] Dundes, Alan (2001). "An Uplifting Origin of 86". American Speech. 76 (4): 437–440. doi:10.1215/00031283-76-4-437. S2CID 143761197.

[mwd-3] "Definition of 86 by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. October 2020. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2020.

[oed-4] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "eighty-six, n.", Oxford English Dictionary, 1989, retrieved October 21, 2020 (subscription required)

[5] "What Does the Term '86' Mean and Where Did It Come From?". Snopes. March 10, 2009. Retrieved October 30, 2020.

[fof-6] Hendrickson, Robert (2008). The Facts on File Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins. Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-6966-8. Eighty-six. To murder someone or put an end to something, [...] The expression derives from the restaurant waiter slang term eighty-six, which, among other things, means to "deny an unwelcome customer service" or to "cancel an order" ("Eighty-six the eggs!"), [...]

[7] Lighter, Jonathan E.; House (Firm), Random (1994). Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: H-O. Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-43464-1. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.

[8] Dalzell, Tom; Victor, Terry (June 26, 2015). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-37251-6. Eighty-six to kill US, 1991

[Winchell-9] Walter Winchell (May 24, 1933), "On Broadway", Akron Beacon Journal

[Atlantic-10] Ben Zimmer (June 23, 2018), "A Restaurant 'Eighty-Sixed' Sarah Huckabee Sanders. What Does That Mean?", The Atlantic, archived from the original on October 20, 2020, retrieved October 19, 2020

[Bentley-11] Bentley, Harold W. (February 1936), "Linguistic Concoctions of the Soda Jerker", American Speech, 11 (1), Duke University Press: 37–45, doi:10.2307/452683, JSTOR 452683, archived from the original on October 22, 2020, retrieved October 19, 2020

[12] Klein, Jef (2006). The History and Stories of the Best Bars of New York. Turner Publishing Company.

[13] Knopper, Steve (1999). MusicHound Swing!: The Essential Album Guide. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 978-1-57859-091-9.

[14] "Green Day: The Inside Story of Insomniac". Kerrang!. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.

[brief-15] Case, Wesley (May 3, 2013). "A brief guide to Green Day". The Baltimore Sun. Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2016.

[NYT-16] Douglas Martin (September 27, 2005), "Don Adams, Television's Maxwell Smart, Dies at 82", The New York Times, archived from the original on September 12, 2020, retrieved October 19, 2020

[Spin-17] Arcland, Rob (December 21, 2018). "Neon Indian Releases Theme Song for His New Film 86'd". Spin. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.

[18] Texier, Catherien (February 26, 1989). "When sex was all that mattered". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.

[19] Feinberg, David B. (November 1, 1995). Queer and Loathing: Rants and Raves of a Raging AIDS Clone. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-16171-5.

[20] "Dan Fante, Confronting His Demons on the Page". NPR. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved October 19, 2020.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|American English slang term}}
-{{other uses|86 (disambiguation)}}
 {{Use American English|date=April 2021}}
-{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}}
+{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2023}}
-'''Eighty-six''' or '''86''' is [[List of American words not widely used in the United Kingdom#0–9|American English]] [[slang]] used to indicate that an item is no longer available, traditionally from a food or drinks establishment; or referring to a person or people who are not welcome in the premises. Its etymology is unknown but seems to have been coined in the 1920s or 1930s.
+'''Eighty-six''' or '''86''' is [[List of American words not widely used in the United Kingdom#0–9|American English]] [[slang]] used to indicate that an item is no longer available, traditionally from a food or drinks establishment, or referring to a person or people who are not welcome on the premises. Its etymology is unknown, but seems to have been coined in the 1920s or 1930s.
-The term is now more generally used to mean getting rid of someone or something. In the 1970s, its meaning expanded to refer to murder.<ref name=Expanded/>
+The term has been more generally used to mean getting rid of someone or something. In the 1970s, its meaning expanded to refer to murder.<ref name=Expanded/>
 == Etymology and meanings ==
-[[File:Chumleys 86 Bedford St cloudy morn jeh.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Chumley's at 86 Bedford Street in the [[West Village]]]]
 The term ''eighty-six'' was initially used in restaurants and bars according to most late twentieth-century American slang dictionaries.<ref name="dun-upl"/> It is often used in food and drink services to indicate that an item is no longer available or that a customer should be ejected.<ref name="dun-upl">{{cite journal |last1=Dundes|first1=Alan|date=2001|title=An Uplifting Origin of 86|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/2832|journal=[[American Speech]]|volume=76|issue=4|pages=437–440|doi=10.1215/00031283-76-4-437|s2cid=143761197}}</ref> Beyond this context, it is generally used with the meaning to 'get rid of' someone or something.<ref name="dun-upl"/>
@@ Line 15: / Line 13: @@
 According to the online [[Merriam-Webster]] dictionary, it means to "refuse to serve (a customer)", to "get rid of" or "throw out" someone or something.<ref name=mwd>{{Cite web | title=Definition of 86 by Merriam-Webster | publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]] | date=October 2020 | url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/86 | access-date=2020-10-21 | archive-date=2020-10-22 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022084915/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/86 | url-status=live }}</ref>
-According to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', it may be used as a noun or verb.{{r|oed}} As a [[noun]], "In restaurants and bars, an expression indicating that the supply of an item is exhausted, or that a customer is not to be served; also, a customer to be refused service. Also ''transferred''."{{r|oed}} As a [[transitive verb]] derived from the noun, it means "to eject or debar (a person) from premises; to reject or abandon".{{r|oed}} The ''OED'' gives examples of usage from 1933 to 1981.{{r|oed}} For example, from ''[[The Candidate (1972 film)|The Candidate]]'', in which the media adviser said to [[Robert Redford]], "OK, now, for starters, we got to cut your hair and eighty-six the [[sideburns]]".<ref name=oed>{{citation |title=eighty-six, n. |work=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |year=1989 |access-date=21 October 2020 |url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/59996}} {{subscription required}}</ref>
+According to the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', it may be used as a noun or verb.{{r|oed}} As a [[noun]], "In restaurants and bars, an expression indicating that the supply of an item is exhausted, or that a customer is not to be served; also, a customer to be refused service. Also ''transferred''."{{r|oed}} As a [[transitive verb]] derived from the noun, it means "to eject or debar (a person) from premises; to reject or abandon".{{r|oed}} The ''OED'' gives examples of usage from 1933 to 1981;{{r|oed}} for example, in ''[[The Candidate (1972 film)|The Candidate]]'', a media adviser says to [[Robert Redford]], "OK, now, for starters, we got to cut your hair and eighty-six the [[sideburns]]".<ref name=oed>{{citation |title=eighty-six, n. |work=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |year=1989 |access-date=October 21, 2020 |url=https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/59996}} {{subscription required}}</ref>
-According to ''[[Cassell's Dictionary of Slang]]'', the meaning expanded during the 1970s to also mean “to kill, to murder; to execute [[judicial]]ly”.<ref name=Expanded>{{Cite book |last=Green|first=Jonathon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpLcC4a5fAC&q=86+slang+to+kill&pg=PA474|title=Cassell's Dictionary of Slang|date=2005|publisher=[[Sterling Publishing Company|Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.]]|isbn=978-0-304-36636-1|pages=174|language=en|quote=2 [1970s+] (US) to kill, to murder; to execute judicially.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What Does the Term '86' Mean and Where Did It Come From? |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/86/ |website=Snopes |access-date=30 October 2020 |date=10 March 2009}}</ref> This usage was derived from the slang term used in restaurants.<ref name=fof/> Other slang dictionaries confirm this definition.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lighter|first1=Jonathan E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UtnWAAAAMAAJ&q=86+slang+to+kill&pg=PA360|title=Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: H-O|last2=House (Firm)|first2=Random|date=1994|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-679-43464-1|language=en|access-date=2020-10-20|archive-date=2020-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030124700/https://books.google.com/books?id=UtnWAAAAMAAJ&q=86+slang+to+kill&pg=PA360|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dalzell|first1=Tom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abYBCgAAQBAJ&q=eighty-six+slang+to+kill&pg=PT6694|title=The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English|last2=Victor|first2=Terry|date=2015-06-26|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-37251-6|language=en|quote=Eighty-six to kill US, 1991}}</ref><ref name=fof>{{Cite book |last=Hendrickson|first=Robert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1YkAQAAMAAJ&q=%E2%80%9Ceighty-six%E2%80%9D+slang+to+kill|title=The Facts on File Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins|date=2008|publisher=Facts On File|isbn=978-0-8160-6966-8|language=en|quote=Eighty-six. To murder someone or put an end to something, [...] The expression derives from the restaurant waiter slang term eighty-six, which, among other things, means to “deny an unwelcome customer service” or to “cancel an order” (“Eighty-six the eggs!”), [...]}}</ref>
+According to ''[[Cassell's Dictionary of Slang]]'', the meaning also means "to kill, to murder; to execute [[judicial]]ly," likely referring to the size of a standard grave being 2.5 feet wide by 8 feet long and 6 feet deep.<ref name=Expanded>{{Cite book |last=Green|first=Jonathon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpLcC4a5fAC&q=86+slang+to+kill&pg=PA474|title=Cassell's Dictionary of Slang|date=2005|publisher=[[Sterling Publishing Company|Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.]]|isbn=978-0-304-36636-1|pages=174|language=en|quote=2 [1970s+] (US) to kill, to murder; to execute judicially.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What Does the Term '86' Mean and Where Did It Come From? |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/86/ |website=Snopes |access-date=October 30, 2020 |date=March 10, 2009}}</ref> This usage was derived from the slang term used in restaurants.<ref name=fof/> Other slang dictionaries confirm this definition.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lighter|first1=Jonathan E.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UtnWAAAAMAAJ&q=86+slang+to+kill&pg=PA360|title=Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang: H-O|last2=House (Firm)|first2=Random|date=1994|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-679-43464-1|language=en|access-date=2020-10-20|archive-date=2020-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030124700/https://books.google.com/books?id=UtnWAAAAMAAJ&q=86+slang+to+kill&pg=PA360|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dalzell|first1=Tom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abYBCgAAQBAJ&q=eighty-six+slang+to+kill&pg=PT6694|title=The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English|last2=Victor|first2=Terry|date=June 26, 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-37251-6|language=en|quote=Eighty-six to kill US, 1991}}</ref><ref name=fof>{{Cite book |last=Hendrickson|first=Robert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1YkAQAAMAAJ&q=%E2%80%9Ceighty-six%E2%80%9D+slang+to+kill|title=The Facts on File Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins|date=2008|publisher=Facts on File|isbn=978-0-8160-6966-8|language=en|quote=Eighty-six. To murder someone or put an end to something, [...] The expression derives from the restaurant waiter slang term eighty-six, which, among other things, means to "deny an unwelcome customer service" or to "cancel an order" ("Eighty-six the eggs!”), [...]}}</ref>
+[[File:Chumleys 86 Bedford St cloudy morn jeh.jpg|thumb|upright|The address of Chumley's—86 Bedford Street, [[West Village]]—is one of several origin stories of the term]]
-There are many theories about the origin of the term but none are certain. It seems to have originated in the [[1920s]] or [[1930]]s.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} Possible origins include:
+There are many theories about the origin of the term but none is certain. It seems to have originated in the 1920s or 1930s.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} Possible origins include:
-* [[Rhyming slang]] for nix.{{r|oed}}
+* [[Rhyming slang]] for [[wikt:nix|nix]].{{r|oed}}
-* Part of the jargon used by [[soda jerk]]s. [[Walter Winchell]] wrote about this in 1933, in his syndicated ''On Broadway'' column.<ref name=Winchell>{{citation |title=On Broadway |author=Walter Winchell |author-link=Walter Winchell |date=24 May 1933 |newspaper=[[Akron Beacon Journal]]}}</ref> In this, the code 13 meant that a boss was around, 81 was a glass of water and 86 meant "all out of it".<ref name=Atlantic>{{citation |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/06/a-restaurant-eighty-sixed-sarah-huckabee-sanders-what-does-that-mean/563588/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |title=A Restaurant 'Eighty-Sixed' Sarah Huckabee Sanders. What Does That Mean? |date=23 June 2018 |author=Ben Zimmer |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020053829/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/06/a-restaurant-eighty-sixed-sarah-huckabee-sanders-what-does-that-mean/563588/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Professor Harold Bentley of Columbia University studied soda jerk jargon and reported other numeric codes such as 95 for [[Dine and dash|a customer leaving without paying]].<ref name=Bentley>{{citation |title=Linguistic Concoctions of the Soda Jerker |first=Harold W. |last=Bentley |journal=American Speech |volume=11 |number=1 |date=February 1936 |pages=37–45 |publisher=Duke University Press |doi=10.2307/452683 |jstor=452683 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/452683 |access-date=2020-10-19 |archive-date=2020-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022033759/https://www.jstor.org/stable/452683 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{subscription required}}
+* Part of the jargon used by [[soda jerk]]s. [[Walter Winchell]] wrote about this in 1933, in his syndicated ''On Broadway'' column.<ref name=Winchell>{{citation |title=On Broadway |author=Walter Winchell |author-link=Walter Winchell |date=May 24, 1933 |newspaper=[[Akron Beacon Journal]]}}</ref> In this, the code 13 meant that a boss was around, 81 was a glass of water and 86 meant "all out of it".<ref name=Atlantic>{{citation |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/06/a-restaurant-eighty-sixed-sarah-huckabee-sanders-what-does-that-mean/563588/ |work=[[The Atlantic]] |title=A Restaurant 'Eighty-Sixed' Sarah Huckabee Sanders. What Does That Mean? |date=June 23, 2018 |author=Ben Zimmer |access-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-date=October 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020053829/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/06/a-restaurant-eighty-sixed-sarah-huckabee-sanders-what-does-that-mean/563588/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Professor Harold Bentley of Columbia University studied soda jerk jargon and reported other numeric codes such as 95 for [[Dine and dash|a customer leaving without paying]].<ref name=Bentley>{{citation |title=Linguistic Concoctions of the Soda Jerker |first=Harold W. |last=Bentley |journal=American Speech |volume=11 |number=1 |date=February 1936 |pages=37–45 |publisher=Duke University Press |doi=10.2307/452683 |jstor=452683 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/452683 |access-date=2020-10-19 |archive-date=2020-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022033759/https://www.jstor.org/stable/452683 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
-* Author Jef Klein theorized that the bar [[Chumley's]] at 86 Bedford Street in the West Village of [[Lower Manhattan]] was the source. His book ''The History and Stories of the Best Bars of New York'' claims that the police would call Chumley's bar during [[Prohibition in the United States|prohibition]] before making a raid and tell the bartender to "86" his customers, meaning that they should exit out the 86 Bedford Street door, while the police would come to the Pamela Court entrance.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Klein |first1=Jef |title=The History and Stories of the Best Bars of New York |date=2006 |publisher=[[Turner Publishing Company]]}}</ref>
+* Author Jef Klein theorized that the bar [[Chumley's]] at 86 Bedford Street in the West Village of [[Lower Manhattan]] was the source. His book ''The History and Stories of the Best Bars of New York'' claims that the police would call Chumley's bar during [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] before making a raid and tell the bartender to "86" his customers, meaning that they should exit out the 86 Bedford Street door, while the police would come to the Pamela Court entrance.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Klein |first1=Jef |title=The History and Stories of the Best Bars of New York |date=2006 |publisher=[[Turner Publishing Company]]}}</ref>
+==In popular culture==
-==Notable uses==
+{{in popular culture|section|date=March 2024}}
 ===Music===
 * The 1947 song "[[Boogie Woogie Blue Plate]]", by [[Louis Jordan]] and his [[Tympany Five]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Knopper|first=Steve|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6TZCAQAAIAAJ&q=%E2%80%9CBoogie+Woogie+Blue+Plate%E2%80%9D|title=MusicHound Swing!: The Essential Album Guide|date=1999|publisher=Visible Ink Press|isbn=978-1-57859-091-9|language=en}}</ref> uses soda-jerk lingo, among which is "86 on the cherry pie".
-* The 1995 song "[[86 (song)|86]]" by [[Green Day]] is about them being rejected from their punk rock community when they started achieving commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Green Day: The Inside Story Of Insomniac|url=https://www.kerrang.com/features/green-day-the-inside-story-of-insomniac/|access-date=2020-10-19|website=Kerrang!|archive-date=2020-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020045413/https://www.kerrang.com/features/green-day-the-inside-story-of-insomniac/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="brief">{{cite news |url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-05-03/entertainment/bs-ae-american-idiot-sidebar-20130503_1_green-day-geek-stink-breath-gilman-street-punk-scene |title=A brief guide to Green Day |newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]] |date=May 3, 2013 |access-date=February 23, 2016 |last=Case |first=Wesley |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191612/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-05-03/entertainment/bs-ae-american-idiot-sidebar-20130503_1_green-day-geek-stink-breath-gilman-street-punk-scene |archive-date=2016-03-05 |url-status=live}}</ref>
+* The 1995 song "[[86 (song)|86]]" by [[Green Day]] is about them being rejected from their punk rock community when they started achieving commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Green Day: The Inside Story of Insomniac|url=https://www.kerrang.com/features/green-day-the-inside-story-of-insomniac/|access-date=2020-10-19|website=Kerrang!|archive-date=2020-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020045413/https://www.kerrang.com/features/green-day-the-inside-story-of-insomniac/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="brief">{{cite news |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2013/05/03/a-brief-guide-to-green-day/ |title=A brief guide to Green Day |newspaper=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]] |date=May 3, 2013 |access-date=February 23, 2016 |last=Case |first=Wesley |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191612/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-05-03/entertainment/bs-ae-american-idiot-sidebar-20130503_1_green-day-geek-stink-breath-gilman-street-punk-scene |archive-date=2016-03-05 |url-status=live}}</ref>
+*The cover art for [[Eagles (band)|Eagles]]' 1980 live album ''[[Eagles Live]]'' features a stenciled version of the number on both sides. At the time, Eagles were on the verge of breaking up.
-* The 2015 song "[[The Remedy]]" by [[Puscifer]] uses the termonology "Trolls get 86s" from the house if you don't respect its rules.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/search?q=puscifer+the+remedy+lyrics&sxsrf=ALiCzsaCPIiK8GSWBbCJ1CtwlUFKTbYz8A%3A1661087824505&ei=UDACY56uHqqX9u8P54GQoA0&ved=0ahUKEwieluGtgtj5AhWqi_0HHecABNQQ4dUDCA4&uact=5&oq=puscifer+the+remedy+lyrics&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBAgjECcyBAgAEEMyBggAEB4QFjIGCAAQHhAWOgcIABBHELADOgUIABCABDoFCAAQhgNKBAhBGABKBAhGGABQ1AlY4w9gzxBoA3ABeACAAagBiAGZBpIBAzAuNZgBAKABAcgBCMABAQ&sclient=gws-wiz |title=Search results |website=www.google.com}} {{Better source needed|date=August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puscifer | title=Puscifer }}</ref>{{Circular reference|date=September 2022}}
+*The 2015 song "[[The Remedy (Puscifer song)|The Remedy]]" by [[Puscifer]] also mentions the phrase. "Trolls receive 86's"
 ===Stage and screen===
-* [[Agent 86]] in the 1960s TV show ''[[Get Smart]]'' gets his code number from the term.<ref name=dun-upl/><ref name=NYT>{{citation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/27/arts/television/don-adams-televisions-maxwell-smart-dies-at-82.html |newspaper=New York Times |title=Don Adams, Television's Maxwell Smart, Dies at 82 |author=Douglas Martin |date=27 September 2005 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=12 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912021751/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/27/arts/television/don-adams-televisions-maxwell-smart-dies-at-82.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
+* [[Agent 86]] in the 1960s TV show ''[[Get Smart]]'' gets his code number from the term.<ref name=dun-upl/><ref name=NYT>{{citation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/27/arts/television/don-adams-televisions-maxwell-smart-dies-at-82.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |title=Don Adams, Television's Maxwell Smart, Dies at 82 |author=Douglas Martin |date=September 27, 2005 |access-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-date=September 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912021751/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/27/arts/television/don-adams-televisions-maxwell-smart-dies-at-82.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
+* Numbuh 86 from the 2000s [[Cartoon Network]] show ''[[Codename: Kids Next Door]]'' gets her "numbuh" from this term due to her job of "decommissioning" Kids Next Door operatives who have reached the age of 13 and become [[teenagers]].
-* During the song "Feed Me (Git It!)" from ''[[Little Shop of Horrors (musical)|Little Shop of Horrors]]'', as "Audrey II", the plant, tempts Seymour Krelborn with offers of fortune and luxuries if he continues to feed it blood, the plant utters, "There must be someone you could 86, real quiet-like, and get me some lunch!"
-* The 2018 comedy crime film ''86'd'' by Alan Palomo depicts five stories taking place at a 24-hour deli with a theme song composed under his [[Neon Indian]] moniker.<ref name="Spin">{{cite news |last1=Arcland |first1=Rob |title=Neon Indian Releases Theme Song for His New Film 86'd |url=https://www.spin.com/2018/12/neon-indian-heavens-basement-theme-song-86d-film-theme-song/ |access-date=19 October 2020 |issue=21 December 2018 |work=[[Spin Magazine]] |archive-date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019224601/https://www.spin.com/2018/12/neon-indian-heavens-basement-theme-song-86d-film-theme-song/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+* The 2018 comedy crime film ''86'd'' by Alan Palomo depicts five stories taking place at a 24-hour deli with a theme song composed under his [[Neon Indian]] moniker.<ref name="Spin">{{cite news |last1=Arcland |first1=Rob |title=Neon Indian Releases Theme Song for His New Film ''86'd'' |url=https://www.spin.com/2018/12/neon-indian-heavens-basement-theme-song-86d-film-theme-song/ |access-date=October 19, 2020 |date=December 21, 2018 |work=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |archive-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019224601/https://www.spin.com/2018/12/neon-indian-heavens-basement-theme-song-86d-film-theme-song/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+* Chumley's, one of the supposed origins of the term, was mentioned in the television series ''[[Elementary (TV series)|Elementary]]'' (Season 3, Episode 14, "The Female of the Species"). When Sherlock determines that a suspect evades police surveillance by using an old tunnel that was underneath the floor of the suspect's apartment, on the other side of that tunnel was the 86 Bedford St. door to Chumley's.
 ===Literature===
-* The 1989 novel ''Eighty-sixed'' by [[David B. Feinberg]] refers to "the gay community wiped out by [[Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS|AIDS]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Texier|first=Catherien|date=1989-02-26|title=When sex was all that mattered (published 1989)|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/26/books/when-sex-was-all-that-mattered.html|access-date=2020-10-19|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2020-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020185354/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/26/books/when-sex-was-all-that-mattered.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It won Feinberg the [[Lambda Literary Award]] for Gay Men's Fiction and the [[American Library Association]] Gay/Lesbian Award for Fiction.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Feinberg|first=David B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBfzdBOdBNoC&q=%E2%80%9Ceighty-sixed%E2%80%9D++Lambda&pg=PT7|title=Queer and Loathing: Rants and Raves of a Raging AIDS Clone|date=1995-11-01|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1-101-16171-5|language=en}}</ref>
+* The 1989 novel ''Eighty-sixed'' by [[David B. Feinberg]] refers to "the gay community wiped out by [[Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS|AIDS]]".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Texier|first=Catherien|date=February 26, 1989|title=When sex was all that mattered |url-access=subscription |language=en-US|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/26/books/when-sex-was-all-that-mattered.html|access-date=2020-10-19|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2020-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020185354/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/26/books/when-sex-was-all-that-mattered.html|url-status=live}}</ref> It won Feinberg the [[Lambda Literary Award]] for Gay Men's Fiction and the [[American Library Association]] Gay/Lesbian Award for Fiction.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Feinberg|first=David B.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nBfzdBOdBNoC&q=%E2%80%9Ceighty-sixed%E2%80%9D++Lambda&pg=PT7|title=Queer and Loathing: Rants and Raves of a Raging AIDS Clone|date=November 1, 1995|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1-101-16171-5|language=en}}</ref>
+* In the 1983 novel ''[[The Witches (novel)|The Witches]]'' by [[Roald Dahl]], the [[Grand High Witch]] develops a potion named ''Formula 86 Delayed-Action Mouse-Maker'' designed to turn children into mice when ingested.
-* The 2009 novel ''86'd'' by [[Dan Fante]] is loosely based on his own struggles with [[alcoholism]] and [[substance abuse]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dan Fante, Confronting His Demons On The Page|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113279965|access-date=2020-10-19|publisher=[[NPR]].org|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804205154/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113279965|url-status=live}}</ref>
+* The 2009 novel ''86'd'' by [[Dan Fante]] is loosely based on his own struggles with [[alcoholism]] and [[substance abuse]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dan Fante, Confronting His Demons on the Page|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113279965|access-date=2020-10-19|publisher=[[NPR]]|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804205154/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=113279965|url-status=live}}</ref>
-* In the Japanese novel [[86 (novel series)|86 -Eighty Six-]] by [[Asato Asato]], the Eighty-Six are people whose rights were taken away and relegated into internment camps in the unofficial 86th District, treated as sub-human, and forced to fight in the war.
+* In the Japanese novel ''[[86 (novel series)|86 -Eighty Six-]]'' by [[Asato Asato]], the Eighty-Six are people whose rights were taken away and relegated into internment camps in the unofficial 86th District, treated as sub-human, and forced to fight in the war.
+=== Electrical generation ===
+* The [[ANSI device numbers]] standard uses 86 for lock-out and master trip relays. Consistent with this standard, the wiring diagrams for [[Petersburg Generating Station]] sets all lock-out relays to be named "86" in its documentation, and operators describe a trip or lock-out event (for example, pump motor shutdown due to low voltage) as "86'd".
 ==See also==