Æthelheard of Wessex: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|King of Wessex from 726 to 740}} |
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{{Use British English|date=June 2024}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}} |
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{{Infobox royalty |
{{Infobox royalty |
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| type = monarch |
| type = monarch |
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| name = Æthelheard |
| name = Æthelheard |
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| image |
| image = |
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| caption |
| caption = |
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| succession = [[King of Wessex]] |
| succession = [[King of Wessex]] |
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| reign = 726–740 |
| reign = 726–740 |
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| predecessor = [[Ine of Wessex|Ine]] |
| predecessor = [[Ine of Wessex|Ine]] |
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| successor = [[Cuthred of Wessex|Cuthred]] |
| successor = [[Cuthred of Wessex|Cuthred]] |
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| spouse = [[Frithugyth]] |
| spouse = [[Frithugyth]] |
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| issue = |
| issue = |
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| birth_date = |
| birth_date = |
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| death_date = |
| death_date = |
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| death_place = |
| death_place = |
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| place of burial = |
| place of burial = |
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| house = [[House of Wessex|Wessex]] |
| house = [[House of Wessex|Wessex]] |
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| father = |
| father = |
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| ⚫ | '''Æthelheard''' (meaning roughly "Noble Stern"), also spelled '''Ethelheard''', '''Edelard''' or '''Æþelheard''', was [[List of monarchs of Wessex|King]] of [[Wessex]] from 726 to 740. There is an unreliable record of Æthelheard having been the brother-in-law of his predecessor, [[Ine of Wessex|Ine]],<ref>The tradition is reflected in, and may stem from, a charter in Glastonbury, now considered spurious, in which he is identified as the queen's brother. However, even as a forgery, it has sometimes been valued as at least "some evidence, when not contradicted by anything better", to quote Edward A. Freeman (1872), "[https://books.google. |
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| ⚫ | Some sources identify him as the brother of Queen [[Æthelburg of Wessex]], the wife of his predecessor, King |
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| ⚫ | '''Æthelheard''' (meaning roughly "Noble Stern"), also spelled '''Ethelheard''', '''Edelard''' or '''Æþelheard''', was [[List of monarchs of Wessex|King]] of [[Wessex]] from 726 to 740. There is an unreliable record of Æthelheard having been the brother-in-law of his predecessor, [[Ine of Wessex|Ine]],<ref>The tradition is reflected in, and may stem from, a charter in Glastonbury, now considered spurious, in which he is identified as the queen's brother. However, even as a forgery, it has sometimes been valued as at least "some evidence, when not contradicted by anything better", to quote Edward A. Freeman (1872), "[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaRJAQAAMAAJpg&q=%C3%86thelheard King Ine]", ''Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society'' '''18''', pt 2, 1–59, fn p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaRJAQAAMAAJ&dq=%C3%86thelheard&pg=RA2-PA15 15]</ref> but his ancestry is unknown, perhaps making him the first King of Wessex not to be descended from [[Cynric of Wessex|Cynric]] by blood. |
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| ⚫ | When Ine [[abdication|abdicated]] and went to [[Rome]] in 726, he left behind no obvious heir, and according to [[Bede]] simply left his kingdom "to younger men".<ref>Frank Stenton, ''Anglo-Saxon England'' (1943, 1971, 1998 Oxford paperback), pages 72–73.</ref> In the wake of his departure, the West Saxon throne was disputed between Æthelheard and a rival claimant, Oswald. Oswald may have had the better claim, as the '' |
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| ⚫ | Some sources identify him as the brother of Queen [[Æthelburg of Wessex]], the wife of his predecessor, King Ine.<ref>"The wife of Ine bore the name of Æthelburh. She was herself of the royal house, and her brother Æthelheard, who succeeded Ine in the kingdom, is spoken of as a kinsman of his predecessor." ''Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society'' '''18''', pt 2, 15, [https://archive.org/details/proceedings18some/page/n112/mode/1up]</ref> His own successor [[Cuthred of Wessex|Cuthred]] is identified in the ''[[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]]'' as 'his relative'.<ref>The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Part 1: A.D. 1 - 748 Online Medieval and Classical Library Release #17, [http://mcllibrary.org/Anglo/part1.html] "A.D. 740. This year died King Ethelhard; and Cuthred, his relative, succeeded to the West-Saxon kingdom"{{primary source inline|date=June 2022}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Æthelheard married [[Frithugyth]] in 729 or before<ref>Queen Frithugyth is identified in a charter of Æthelheard, king of Wessex, dated 729 indicating that they were at that time married, Charter S253 [https://esawyer.lib.cam.ac.uk/charter/253.html]{{primary inline|date=June 2022}}</ref> and she is recorded in the ''Chronicle'' as making a [[pilgrimage]] to [[Rome]] in 737. |
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| ⚫ | When Ine [[abdication|abdicated]] and went to [[Rome]] in 726, he left behind no obvious heir, and according to [[Bede]] simply left his kingdom "to younger men".<ref>Frank Stenton, ''Anglo-Saxon England'' (1943, 1971, 1998 Oxford paperback), pages 72–73.</ref> In the wake of his departure, the West Saxon throne was disputed between Æthelheard and a rival claimant, Oswald. Oswald may have had the better claim{{Original research inline|date=March 2024}}, as the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' calls him a descendant of the early king [[Ceawlin of Wessex|Ceawlin]],<ref>''ASC'' manuscript A, 728.</ref> but it was Æthelheard who prevailed. It is possible that his success was due to the support of [[Æthelbald of Mercia]] since he seems to have been subject to Æthelbald afterward. However, Æthelheard's lack of independence does not seem to have prevented Æthelbald from taking considerable territory from Wessex in 733, including the royal [[Manorialism|manor]] of [[Somerton, Somerset|Somerton]]. |
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| ⚫ | Æthelheard married [[Frithugyth]] in 729 or before<ref>Queen Frithugyth is identified in a charter of Æthelheard, king of Wessex, dated 729 indicating that they were at that time married, Charter S253 [https://esawyer.lib.cam.ac.uk/charter/253.html]{{primary source inline|date=June 2022}}</ref> and she is recorded in the ''Chronicle'' as making a [[pilgrimage]] to [[Rome]] in 737. |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
== External links == |
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* {{PASE|2120|Æthelheard 6}} |
* {{PASE|2120|Æthelheard 6}} |
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* {{PASE|4097|Æthelheard 4}} (but corresponding charters [http://www.esawyer.org.uk/charter/249.html S249] and [http://www.esawyer.org.uk/charter/250.html S250] are considered rather dubious) |
* {{PASE|4097|Æthelheard 4}} (but corresponding charters [http://www.esawyer.org.uk/charter/249.html S249] and [http://www.esawyer.org.uk/charter/250.html S250] are considered rather dubious) |
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{{Kings of Wessex}} |
{{Kings of Wessex}} |
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{{authority control}} |
{{authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Aethelheard Of Wessex}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aethelheard Of Wessex}} |
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[[Category:West Saxon monarchs]] |
[[Category:West Saxon monarchs]] |
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[[Category:740 deaths]] |
[[Category:740 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
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[[Category:House of Wessex]] |
[[Category:House of Wessex]] |
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{{England-bio-stub}} |
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{{UK-royal-stub}} |
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Latest revision as of 10:32, 18 October 2024
| Æthelheard | |
|---|---|
| King of Wessex | |
| Reign | 726–740 |
| Predecessor | Ine |
| Successor | Cuthred |
| Consort | Frithugyth |
| House | Wessex |
Æthelheard (meaning roughly "Noble Stern"), also spelled Ethelheard, Edelard or Æþelheard, was King of Wessex from 726 to 740. There is an unreliable record of Æthelheard having been the brother-in-law of his predecessor, Ine,[1] but his ancestry is unknown, perhaps making him the first King of Wessex not to be descended from Cynric by blood.
Some sources identify him as the brother of Queen Æthelburg of Wessex, the wife of his predecessor, King Ine.[2] His own successor Cuthred is identified in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as 'his relative'.[3]
When Ine abdicated and went to Rome in 726, he left behind no obvious heir, and according to Bede simply left his kingdom "to younger men".[4] In the wake of his departure, the West Saxon throne was disputed between Æthelheard and a rival claimant, Oswald. Oswald may have had the better claim[original research?], as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle calls him a descendant of the early king Ceawlin,[5] but it was Æthelheard who prevailed. It is possible that his success was due to the support of Æthelbald of Mercia since he seems to have been subject to Æthelbald afterward. However, Æthelheard's lack of independence does not seem to have prevented Æthelbald from taking considerable territory from Wessex in 733, including the royal manor of Somerton.
Æthelheard married Frithugyth in 729 or before[6] and she is recorded in the Chronicle as making a pilgrimage to Rome in 737.
Æthelheard was succeeded by Cuthred, possibly a brother or other relative.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ The tradition is reflected in, and may stem from, a charter in Glastonbury, now considered spurious, in which he is identified as the queen's brother. However, even as a forgery, it has sometimes been valued as at least "some evidence, when not contradicted by anything better", to quote Edward A. Freeman (1872), "King Ine", Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society 18, pt 2, 1–59, fn p. 15
- ^ "The wife of Ine bore the name of Æthelburh. She was herself of the royal house, and her brother Æthelheard, who succeeded Ine in the kingdom, is spoken of as a kinsman of his predecessor." Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society 18, pt 2, 15, [1]
- ^ The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Part 1: A.D. 1 - 748 Online Medieval and Classical Library Release #17, [2] "A.D. 740. This year died King Ethelhard; and Cuthred, his relative, succeeded to the West-Saxon kingdom"[non-primary source needed]
- ^ Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England (1943, 1971, 1998 Oxford paperback), pages 72–73.
- ^ ASC manuscript A, 728.
- ^ Queen Frithugyth is identified in a charter of Æthelheard, king of Wessex, dated 729 indicating that they were at that time married, Charter S253 [3][non-primary source needed]
External links
[edit]- Æthelheard 6 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
- Æthelheard 4 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England (but corresponding charters S249 and S250 are considered rather dubious)