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{{short description|Self-defense firearm}} |
{{short description|Self-defense firearm}} |
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[[File:FN P90 PDW.jpg|thumb|The [[FN P90]], one of the most well-known personal defense weapons (PDW)]] |
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{{redirects here|PDW|the Paul Dudley White Path|Charles River Bike Path}} |
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'''Personal defense weapons''' ('''PDWs''') are a class of compact, [[magazine (firearm)|magazine]]-fed [[automatic firearm]]s that are typically [[Submachine gun|submachine guns]] designed to fire [[rifle cartridge|rifle-like cartridges]]. Most PDWs fire a small-caliber (generally less than {{cvt|8|mm|disp=or}} in [[bullet]] diameter), high-velocity [[centerfire]] [[cartridge (firearm)#Case|bottleneck cartridge]] resembling a scaled-down [[intermediate cartridge]], essentially making them an "in-between" hybrid between a submachine gun and a conventional [[carbine]]. |
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[[File:FN P90 PDW.jpg|thumb|[[FN P90]]]] |
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The use of these rifle-like cartridges gives the PDWs much better ballistic performance ([[effective range]], [[external ballistics]] and [[armor-piercing bullet|armor-penetrating]] capability) than conventional submachine guns, which fire larger-caliber but slower and less aerodynamic [[handgun cartridge]]s. The low [[recoil]] of these "sub-intermediate" cartridges also makes [[muzzle rise|muzzle jump]]s on PDWs (which typically have short [[gun barrel|barrel]]s) much easier to handle than [[short-barreled rifle]]s, especially when shooting in automatic fire or [[burst fire]]. |
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'''Personal defense weapons''' ('''PDWs''') are a class of [[firearms]] intended for [[self-defense]] and [[security]] rather than [[warfare]] and [[infantry]]. Most PDWs fire a small-caliber (less than {{convert|6|mm|disp=or}}), [[Centerfire ammunition|centerfire]] bottleneck [[Cartridge (firearms)|cartridge]] resembling a scaled-down intermediate rifle cartridge, essentially making them an "in-between" hybrid between a submachine gun and a [[carbine]]. |
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The name describes the weapon's original conceptual role: as a compact but powerful [[Firearm|small arm]] that can be conveniently carried for personal defense, usually by support personnel behind the front line such as [[military engineer]]s, [[military logistics|logistic]] drivers, [[military medicine|medical specialist]]s, [[artillery]] crews, or [[signaller]]s. These "second-line" personnel are not strictly combat troops expected to directly engage the enemy, but may still be at risk of encountering decently equipped (and often well-armored) hostile [[skirmisher]]s and [[infiltration tactics|infiltrator]]s, therefore having to defend themselves in [[close-quarters combat|close quarters]]. Such encounters will warrant an effective weapon that is easy to use while having sufficient firepower to [[suppressive fire|suppress]] enemy charges and hold them beyond a safe perimeter to prevent the defenders from being overrun, but the risk of hostility is rare enough that a standard [[service rifle]] would be an unnecessary burden during their normal duties. |
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The use of these rifle-like cartridges gives the PDWs much better ballistic performance ([[effective range]], accuracy and armor-penetrating capability) than conventional [[submachine guns]], which fire larger-caliber but slower and less aerodynamic handgun cartridges. The low recoil of these "sub-intermediate" cartridges also makes [[muzzle rise]] on PDWs (which typically have short gun barrels) much easier to handle than [[short-barreled rifle]]s, especially when shooting [[automatic fire|full-auto]] or in [[burst fire]]s. |
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Because of their light weight, controllability, ease of operation and close-range effectiveness (can penetrate a NATO [[CRISAT]] vest<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081209013207/http://www.ruag.com/ruag/binary?media=147540&open=true RUAG Ammotec 2.0 g German Army 4.6×30mm Penetrator DM11 cartridge factsheet]</ref> or an [[List of body armor performance standards#NIJ armor standard (United States)|NIJ IIIA]] soft [[Kevlar]] armor<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hendonpub.com/resources/articlearchive/details.aspx?ID=309 |title=Spring 2003 Experiences with the FN P90 |author=Wall, Sandy |publisher=Hendon Publishing Co. |date=April 2003 |access-date=October 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711162936/http://www.hendonpub.com/resources/articlearchive/details.aspx?ID=309 |archive-date=July 11, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.handgunsmag.com/ammunition/hg_militarytoday_200811 |title=Military Ammo Today |author=Fortier, David |year=2008 |publisher=Handguns Magazine |access-date=October 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122045316/http://www.handgunsmag.com/ammunition/hg_militarytoday_200811/ |archive-date=January 22, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> at up to {{convert|200|m|yd|abbr=on}}), PDWs have also been used by [[special forces]], [[paramilitaries]], [[police militarization|heavily armed]] [[police tactical unit|tactical police]], and [[bodyguard]]s. |
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The name describes the weapon's original conceptual role: as a compact but powerful [[Firearm|small arm]] that can be conveniently carried for personal defense, usually by support personnel behind the front line such as [[military engineer]]s, [[military logistics|logistic]] drivers, [[military medicine|medical specialist]]s, [[artillery]] crews or [[signaller]]s. These "second-line" personnel are not strictly combat troops expected to directly engage the enemy, but may still be at risk of encountering decently equipped (and often well-armored) hostile [[skirmisher]]s and [[infiltration tactics|infiltrator]]s, therefore having to defend themselves in [[Close-quarters combat|close quarters]]. Such encounters will warrant an effective weapon that is easy to use while having sufficient firepower to [[suppressive fire|suppress]] enemy charges and hold them beyond a safe perimeter to prevent the defenders from being overrun, but the risk of hostility is rare enough that a standard [[service rifle]] would be an unnecessary burden during their normal duties. |
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Because of their light weight, controllability, ease of operation and close-range effectiveness (can defeat a NATO [[CRISAT]] vest<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081209013207/http://www.ruag.com/ruag/binary?media=147540&open=true RUAG Ammotec 2.0 g German Army 4.6×30mm Penetrator DM11 cartridge factsheet]</ref> or an [[List of body armor performance standards#NIJ armor standard (United States)|NIJ IIIA]] soft [[Kevlar]] armor<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hendonpub.com/resources/articlearchive/details.aspx?ID=309 |title=Spring 2003 Experiences with the FN P90 |author=Wall, Sandy |publisher=Hendon Publishing Co. |date=April 2003 |access-date=October 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711162936/http://www.hendonpub.com/resources/articlearchive/details.aspx?ID=309 |archive-date=July 11, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.handgunsmag.com/ammunition/hg_militarytoday_200811 |title=Military Ammo Today |author=Fortier, David |year=2008 |publisher=Handguns Magazine |access-date=October 19, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122045316/http://www.handgunsmag.com/ammunition/hg_militarytoday_200811/ |archive-date=January 22, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> at up to {{convert|200|meters|yd|disp=or|abbr=}}), PDWs have also been used by [[special forces]], [[paramilitaries]], [[police militarization|heavily armed]] [[police tactical unit|tactical police]] and even [[bodyguard]]s. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[File:Mauser C96 M1916 Red 9 7.JPG|thumb|9mm Parabellum "Red 9" Mauser C96 with stock]] |
[[File:Mauser C96 M1916 Red 9 7.JPG|thumb|9mm Parabellum "Red 9" Mauser C96 with stock]] |
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In the 19th and early 20th centuries, shortened versions of the infantry rifle were issued as "[[carbine]]s" for cavalry troops and gun crews. This designation was dropped as infantry rifle designs became shortened overall, such as in the [[Lee–Enfield#Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk I|Short Magazine Lee–Enfield]] rifle. Thereafter, [[handgun]]s were typically issued as self-defense weapons. However, they were not effective in most [[close combat]] situations. As a result, during the First World War, the [[Mauser C96]] and artillery versions of the [[Luger pistol]] were issued with attachable shoulder stock holsters, which allowed for greater control and accuracy. |
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, shortened versions of the infantry rifle were issued as "[[carbine]]s" for cavalry troops and gun crews. This designation was dropped as infantry rifle designs became shortened overall, such as in the [[Lee–Enfield#Short Magazine Lee–Enfield Mk I|Short Magazine Lee–Enfield]] rifle. Thereafter, [[handgun]]s were typically issued as self-defense weapons. However, they were not effective in most [[close combat]] situations. As a result, during the First World War, the [[Mauser C96]] and artillery versions of the [[Luger pistol]] were issued with attachable shoulder stock holsters, which allowed for greater control and accuracy. |
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[[File: Pedersen device.PNG|thumb|Pedersen device drawing]] |
[[File: Pedersen device.PNG|thumb|Pedersen device drawing]] |
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During World War I, the United States secretly developed the [[Pedersen device]] attachment for the [[M1903 Springfield rifle]] that allowed it to fire |
During World War I, the United States secretly developed the [[Pedersen device]] attachment for the [[M1903 Springfield rifle]] that allowed it to fire the [[7.65mm Longue|.30-18 Auto (7.65×20mm Longue)]] pistol cartridge in [[semi-automatic rifle|semi-automatic]] mode.<ref name="auto">https://www.guns.com/news/2013/06/22/perishings-super-weapon-the-pedersen-device/ "The Pedersen Device: The World War I superweapon that (almost) won the war". 6/22/13. by Chris Eger</ref><ref name="auto1">''Military Small Arms of the 20th Century''. 7th Edition. by Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks. Krause Publications. 2000. pages 284 & 285</ref> This attachment was developed to allow an infantryman to convert "his rifle to a form of submachine gun or automatic rifle" in approximately 15 seconds.<ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto"/> |
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Production of the device and modified M1903 rifles started in 1918.<ref name="auto1"/> However, the war ended before they were sent to Europe.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/> The contract was cancelled on March 1, 1919, after production of 65,000 devices, 1.6 million magazines, 65 million cartridges and 101,775 modified Springfield rifles.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2">Julian S. Hatcher, ''Hatcher's Notebook'', Military Service Publishing Co., 1947, Ch. 15 The Pedersen Device, pp. 361-372.</ref> The Pedersen device was declared surplus in 1931.<ref name="auto2"/> To prevent them from falling into the hands of the lawless, nearly all of the stored devices were destroyed by the Army except for a few examples kept by [[Ordnance Department]].<ref name=nra>{{cite journal |last1=Canfield |first1=Bruce N. |year=2003 |title=Never in Anger: the Pedersen Device |journal=[[American Rifleman]] |volume=151 |issue=June |pages=58–61&71 |publisher=[[National Rifle Association of America]] }}</ref><ref name="auto2"/> |
Production of the device and modified M1903 rifles started in 1918.<ref name="auto1"/> However, the war ended before they were sent to Europe.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/> The contract was cancelled on March 1, 1919, after production of 65,000 devices, 1.6 million magazines, 65 million cartridges and 101,775 modified Springfield rifles.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/><ref name="auto2">Julian S. Hatcher, ''Hatcher's Notebook'', Military Service Publishing Co., 1947, Ch. 15 The Pedersen Device, pp. 361-372.</ref> The Pedersen device was declared surplus in 1931.<ref name="auto2"/> To prevent them from falling into the hands of the lawless, nearly all of the stored devices were destroyed by the Army except for a few examples kept by [[Ordnance Department]].<ref name=nra>{{cite journal |last1=Canfield |first1=Bruce N. |year=2003 |title=Never in Anger: the Pedersen Device |journal=[[American Rifleman]] |volume=151 |issue=June |pages=58–61&71 |publisher=[[National Rifle Association of America]] }}</ref><ref name="auto2"/> |
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[[File:Chauchat-Ribeyrolles 1918 submachine gun.jpg|thumb|The [[Chauchat-Ribeyrolles 1918 submachine gun|Chauchat-Ribeyrolles 1918]]]] |
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In 1918, Ribeyrolles, Sutter and Chauchat designed the [[Chauchat-Ribeyrolles 1918 submachine gun]]. This weapon was meant to be used for close-range protection for the French tank crews. The weapon is based on the RSC Mle. 1917 semi-automatic rifle mechanism. The first trials used a Mannlicher–Berthier clip holding eight cartridges. The trials continued until 1919 with a weapon using the same magazine as the Chauchat. The results were satisfactory but the weapon was too powerful for the intended self-protection use. A mix of standard and tracer bullets was planned to be used to assist in aiming. |
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[[File:Garandcar.jpg|thumb|right|[[M1 Garand]] and [[M1 carbine|M1 Carbine]]]] |
[[File:Garandcar.jpg|thumb|right|[[M1 Garand]] and [[M1 carbine|M1 Carbine]]]] |
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In 1938, the U.S. Army Ordnance Department received a request for a light rifle to be issued to mortarmen, radiomen, drivers, clerks, cooks, and similar grades.<ref name="Century 2000. pages 289-290">Military Small Arms of the 20th Century. 7th Edition. by Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks. Krause Publications. 2000. pages 289-290</ref> During field exercises, these troops found that the [[M1 Garand|M1 Garand rifle]] was too heavy and too cumbersome for general issue. And, while handguns are undeniably convenient, they had limited range, accuracy and power. This request was refused by authorities.<ref name="Century 2000. pages 289-290"/> |
In 1938, the U.S. Army Ordnance Department received a request for a light rifle to be issued to mortarmen, radiomen, drivers, clerks, cooks, and similar grades.<ref name="Century 2000. pages 289-290">Military Small Arms of the 20th Century. 7th Edition. by Ian V. Hogg & John S. Weeks. Krause Publications. 2000. pages 289-290</ref> During field exercises, these troops found that the [[M1 Garand|M1 Garand rifle]] was too heavy and too cumbersome for general issue. And, while handguns are undeniably convenient, they had limited range, accuracy and power. This request was refused by authorities.<ref name="Century 2000. pages 289-290"/> |
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In 1940, after Germany's use of glider-borne and paratroop forces to infiltrate and attack strategic points behind the front lines,<ref name=" George, John 1981 p. 394">George, John, ''Shots Fired In Anger'', NRA Press (1981), p. 394</ref><ref>Weeks, John, ''World War II Small Arms'', London: Orbis Publishing Ltd. and New York: Galahad Books, {{ISBN|0-88365-403-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-88365-403-3}} (1979), p. 130</ref> the request for a light rifle was resubmitted and subsequently approved.<ref name="Century 2000. pages 289-290"/> U.S. Army Ordnance issued a requirement for a "light rifle" with greater range, firepower, and accuracy than the [[M1911 pistol]] while weighing half as much as the M1 Garand.<ref>Larry Ruth, ''M1 Carbine: Design, Development & Production'', (The Gun Room Press, 1979, {{ISBN|0-88227-020-6}}) contains many Ordnance documents related to the "Light Rifle" specification that led to the M1 carbine</ref> As a result, the U.S. developed the semi-automatic [[M1 Carbine]] and shortly thereafter the select-fire M2 Carbine. Widely employed until the end of the Vietnam War, these carbines are generally considered the forerunners of modern personal defense weapons.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thompson|first=Leroy|title=The M1 Carbine|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2011|pages=4, 68}}</ref> |
In 1940, after Germany's use of glider-borne and paratroop forces to infiltrate and attack strategic points behind the front lines,<ref name=" George, John 1981 p. 394">George, John, ''Shots Fired In Anger'', NRA Press (1981), p. 394</ref><ref>Weeks, John, ''World War II Small Arms'', London: Orbis Publishing Ltd. and New York: Galahad Books, {{ISBN|0-88365-403-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-88365-403-3}} (1979), p. 130</ref> the request for a light rifle was resubmitted and subsequently approved.<ref name="Century 2000. pages 289-290"/> U.S. Army Ordnance issued a requirement for a "light rifle" with greater range, firepower, and accuracy than the [[M1911 pistol]] while weighing half as much as the M1 Garand.<ref>Larry Ruth, ''M1 Carbine: Design, Development & Production'', (The Gun Room Press, 1979, {{ISBN|0-88227-020-6}}) contains many Ordnance documents related to the "Light Rifle" specification that led to the M1 carbine</ref> As a result, the U.S. developed the semi-automatic [[M1 Carbine]] and shortly thereafter the select-fire M2 Carbine. Widely employed until the end of the Vietnam War, these carbines are generally considered the forerunners of modern personal defense weapons.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thompson|first=Leroy|title=The M1 Carbine|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2011|pages=4, 68}}</ref> |
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[[File:Army-2020-274.JPG|right|thumb|[[AO-46 (firearm)|AO-46]]]] |
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In 1969, [[AO-46 (firearm)|AO-46]] was an unsolicited design by [[Peter Andreevich Tkachev]] working at [[TsNIITochMash]]. Although not accepted for service, this design, in combination with report of the US use of the [[XM-177]] in Vietnam led the [[GRAU]] to start the competition known as [[Project Modern]], which led to the adoption of [[AKS-74U]] for service.<ref name="Monetchikov">{{cite book |last=Monetchikov |first=Sergei |publisher=[[Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signal Corps]] |year=2005 |isbn=5-98655-006-4 |location=St. Petersburg |page=165 |language=Russian |script-title=ru:История русского автомата |trans-title=The History of Russian Assault Rifle}}</ref><ref name="soldat">"Солдат удачи" номер 9 (72) 2000 Д.Ширяев "Кто изобрел автомат Калашникова?"</ref> |
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[[File:M231_1.svg|thumb|[[M231 Firing Port Weapon]]]] |
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In 1979, Rock Island Arsenal designed a version of the [[M16 rifle|M16]] [[assault rifle]] adapted for shooting from [[Firing port|firing ports]] on the [[M2 Bradley]], named the [[M231 Firing Port Weapon]]. In 1980, the weapon was adopted as the M231.<ref>United States, 1997. p. 4-2</ref> Although most of the Bradley AFV's ports have since been removed, these weapons are maintained, and are used by crews for self-defense, close-quarters situations, and for firing from the rear door firing ports as intended. |
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[[File:FN-P90.JPG|thumb|[[FN P90]]]] |
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[[File:HK MP7 Bundeswehr noBG.png|right|thumb|[[Heckler & Koch MP7A1]]]] |
[[File:HK MP7 Bundeswehr noBG.png|right|thumb|[[Heckler & Koch MP7A1]]]] |
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Developed during the 1980s, the "Personal Defense Weapon" (PDW) concept was created in response to a [[NATO]] request as a replacement for [[9×19mm Parabellum]] submachine guns. The PDW is a compact automatic weapon that can defeat enemy body armor and which can be used conveniently by non-combatant and support troops, as well as a [[Close-quarters combat|close quarters battle]] weapon for [[special forces]] and [[Counterterrorism|counter-terrorist]] groups.<ref name="miller2001">{{cite book |first=David |last=Miller |year=2001 |title=The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns |publisher=Salamander Books Ltd. |location=London |isbn=9781840652451}}</ref><ref name="oliver2007">{{cite web |
Developed during the 1980s, the "Personal Defense Weapon" (PDW) concept was created in response to a [[NATO]] request as a replacement for [[9×19mm Parabellum]] submachine guns. The PDW is a compact automatic weapon that can defeat enemy body armor and which can be used conveniently by non-combatant and support troops, as well as a [[Close-quarters combat|close quarters battle]] weapon for [[special forces]] and [[Counterterrorism|counter-terrorist]] groups.<ref name="miller2001">{{cite book |first=David |last=Miller |year=2001 |title=The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns |publisher=Salamander Books Ltd. |location=London |isbn=9781840652451}}</ref><ref name="oliver2007">{{cite web |
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Introduced in 2001, the [[Heckler & Koch MP7]] is a direct rival to the FN P90. Featuring a more conventional-looking design, the MP7 uses a short-stroke piston gas system as used on H&K's [[Heckler & Koch G36|G36]] and [[Heckler & Koch HK416|HK416]] assault rifles, in place of a [[blowback (firearms)|blowback]] system traditionally seen on submachine guns.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQY/is_2_49/ai_95680072/ | work=Guns Magazine | first=Charles Q. | last=Cutshaw | title=Heckler & Koch's cutting-edge compacts G36C and MP7 PDW: when less really is more | year=2003}}</ref> The MP7 is able to use 20-, 30- and 40-round magazines and fires [[4.6×30mm]] ammunition which can penetrate soft body armor. Due to the heavy use of polymers in its construction, the MP7 is much lighter than older SMG designs, weighing only {{convert|1.2|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}} with an empty 20-round magazine. |
Introduced in 2001, the [[Heckler & Koch MP7]] is a direct rival to the FN P90. Featuring a more conventional-looking design, the MP7 uses a short-stroke piston gas system as used on H&K's [[Heckler & Koch G36|G36]] and [[Heckler & Koch HK416|HK416]] assault rifles, in place of a [[blowback (firearms)|blowback]] system traditionally seen on submachine guns.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQY/is_2_49/ai_95680072/ | work=Guns Magazine | first=Charles Q. | last=Cutshaw | title=Heckler & Koch's cutting-edge compacts G36C and MP7 PDW: when less really is more | year=2003}}</ref> The MP7 is able to use 20-, 30- and 40-round magazines and fires [[4.6×30mm]] ammunition which can penetrate soft body armor. Due to the heavy use of polymers in its construction, the MP7 is much lighter than older SMG designs, weighing only {{convert|1.2|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}} with an empty 20-round magazine. |
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Russia uses [[9×19mm 7N21|7N21]] and [[9×19mm 7N31|7N31]] cartridges which are hotter loaded [[9x19mm Parabellum]] cartridges with special armor piercing bullets. The armor piercing bullets consist of a [[hardened steel]] core inside a lighter sleeve which damages soft targets but strips off if it hits an armored target and lets the core pierce it.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-16 |title=9 x 19 mm 7N21 - Jane's Infantry Weapons |url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Infantry-Weapons/9-x-19-mm-7N21.html |access-date=2023-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616115824/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Infantry-Weapons/9-x-19-mm-7N21.html |archive-date=2012-06-16 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-25 |title=9х19 mm pistol-fired armor-piercing cartridge 7N31 {{!}} Catalog Rosoboronexport |url=https://roe.ru/eng/catalog/special-weapons-and-ammunitions/submachine-guns/7n31/ |access-date=2023-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025032609/https://roe.ru/eng/catalog/special-weapons-and-ammunitions/submachine-guns/7n31/ |archive-date=2023-10-25 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-29 |title=9x19 cartridges |url=http://gunsru.ru/rg_patron_9x19_eng.html |access-date=2023-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129012249/http://gunsru.ru/rg_patron_9x19_eng.html |archive-date=2014-11-29 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2019-09-05 |title=Where Next For PDWs |url=http://www.quarryhs.co.uk/PDWs.htm |access-date=2023-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905050721/http://www.quarryhs.co.uk/PDWs.htm |archive-date=2019-09-05 }}</ref> The [[9×21mm Gyurza|RG054]] variant of the [[9×21mm]] cartridge follows the same pattern.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ПИСТОЛЕТНЫЙ ПАТРОН С БРОНЕБОЙНОЙ ПУЛЕЙ СП-10, РГО-52, 7Н29 (РОССИЯ) |url=http://www.dogswar.ru/boepripasy/41-patrony/7922-pistoletnyi-patron-s.html |language=Russian |access-date=2024-01-01 |archive-date=2023-12-25 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231225191654/http://www.dogswar.ru/boepripasy/41-patrony/7922-pistoletnyi-patron-s.html |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> The space between the core and the bimetallic jacket is filled with [[polyethyelene]] which results in 7N21 being lighter than regular 9×19mm, 7N31 is even lighter than 7N21.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-10-09 |title=Modern Firearms - Russian special ammunition |url=http://world.guns.ru/ammunition/russian-special-cartridges-e.html |access-date=2023-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009050936/http://world.guns.ru/ammunition/russian-special-cartridges-e.html |archive-date=2012-10-09 }}</ref> Using a different variant of the same cartridge bears the advantage that regular ammunition can still be used. The [[PP-19-01 Vityaz]], [[PP-2000]] and [[GSh-18]] can use regular 9×19mm Parabellum as well as the 7N21 and 7N31 ammunition. The [[Russian Aerospace Forces]] added the [[PP-19-01 Vityaz#Variants|PPK-20]] variant of the PP-19-01 Vityaz into the [[Ejection seat|ejection]] survival kits of the [[Mikoyan MiG-29|MiG-29]], [[Mikoyan MiG-35|Mig-35]], [[Su-24]], [[Su-27]], [[Sukhoi Su-30|Su-30SM]], [[Su-34]], [[Sukhoi Su-35|Su-35]] and [[Sukhoi Su-57|Su-57]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ЦАМТО / / ВКС приняли решение о включении автомата ППК-20 в комплект выживания военных летчиков |url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0903/095064351/detail.shtml |access-date=2023-08-10 |website=armstrade.org}}</ref> |
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==Applications== |
==Applications== |
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[[File:57lineup.jpg|thumb|Three civilian [[5.7×28mm]] cartridges as used in the P90. The left cartridge has a plain hollow tip, the center cartridge has a red plastic V-max tip intended to ensure bullet expansion, and the right cartridge has a blue plastic V-max tip.]]The PDW concept has not been widely successful, partly because existing PDWs are not significantly cheaper to manufacture than carbines or full-size military rifles. Most PDWs also use a proprietary cartridge, such as the 5.7×28mm cartridge for the FN P90 or the 4.6×30mm for the H&K MP7, neither of which were originally compatible with any existing pistols or rifles/carbines. Although both manufacturers planned handguns that used the same proprietary rounds, only FN went forward with production of the Five-SeveN pistol, which was the only handgun option available for the 5.7×28mm cartridge for over two decades until the introduction of [[Ruger-57]] in 2019. In turn, this made the PDW cartridges expensive to consumers due to the lack of mass production.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-28 |title=New VBR-B Multi-Caliber (9mm NATO/7.92×24mm) Compact PDW Pistol: Most Intelligently-Developed Personal Defense Weapon Yet? |url=https://defensereview.com/new-multi-caliber-vbr-belgium-pdw-pistol-most-intelligently-developed-personal-defense-weapon-yet/ |access-date=2023-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128140443/https://defensereview.com/new-multi-caliber-vbr-belgium-pdw-pistol-most-intelligently-developed-personal-defense-weapon-yet/ |archive-date=2009-11-28 }}</ref> |
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[[File:57lineup.jpg|thumb|Three civilian [[5.7×28mm]] cartridges as used in the P90. The left cartridge has a plain hollow tip, the center cartridge has a red plastic V-max tip intended to ensure bullet expansion, and the right cartridge has a blue plastic V-max tip.]] |
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[[File:PP-2000 with detached magazine.jpg|thumb|PP-2000 SMG can be used as a PDW by firing high-pressure armor-piercing ammunition]] |
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Though personal defense weapons have not been very popular for their intended application, they have been acquired by various military [[special forces]] units and [[law enforcement]] groups, as an upgrade for their older submachine guns{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}. The FN P90 and Five-seven pistol are used by military and police forces in over 40 countries, including Canada, Cyprus, France, Greece, India, Peru, Poland, Spain, and the United States.<ref name="arsmechanica">{{cite book |editor1-first=Auguste |editor1-last=Francotte |editor2-first=Gaier |editor2-last=Claude |editor3-first=Karlshausen |editor3-last=Robert |title=Ars Mechanica – The Ultimate FN Book |date=January 2008 |publisher=Herstal Group |location=Vottem |isbn=978-2-87415-877-3}}</ref> The Heckler & Koch MP7 is also used in a number of countries, including Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmi.gv.at/cms/BMI_EKO_Cobra/publikationen/files/LawOrder.pdf|title=BMI|website=www.bmi.gv.at|access-date=23 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="gourley2003">Gourley, S.; Kemp, I (November 26, 2003). "The Duellists". Jane's Defence Weekly ({{ISSN|0265-3818}}), Volume 40 Issue 21, pp 26–28.</ref> |
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The PDW concept has not been widely successful, partly because existing PDWs are not significantly cheaper to manufacture than carbines or full-size military rifles. Most PDWs also use a proprietary cartridge, such as the 5.7×28mm cartridge for the FN P90 or the 4.6×30mm for the H&K MP7, neither of which were originally compatible with any existing pistols or rifles/carbines. Although both manufacturers planned handguns that used the same proprietary rounds, only FN went forward with production of the Five-SeveN pistol, which was the only handgun option available for the 5.7×28mm cartridge for over two decades until the introduction of [[Ruger-57]] in 2019. In turn, this made the PDW cartridges expensive to consumers due to the lack of mass production. A different take on the PDW concept is the Russian-made [[PP-2000]], which can fire common [[9×19mm Parabellum]] ammunition or a special high-pressure armor-piercing variant to give it similar capabilities as other PDWs. |
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==PDW cartridges== |
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Though personal defense weapons have not been very popular for their intended application, they have been acquired by many [[special forces]] and [[law enforcement]] groups as direct upgrade for submachine guns. The FN P90 and Five-seven pistol are used by military and police forces in over 40 countries throughout the world, including Canada, Cyprus, France, Greece, India, Peru, Poland, Spain and the United States.<ref name="arsmechanica">{{cite book |editor1-first=Auguste |editor1-last=Francotte |editor2-first=Gaier |editor2-last=Claude |editor3-first=Karlshausen |editor3-last=Robert |title=Ars Mechanica – The Ultimate FN Book |date=January 2008 |publisher=Herstal Group |location=Vottem |isbn=978-2-87415-877-3}}</ref> The Heckler & Koch MP7 is also used in a number of countries, including Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Malaysia and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmi.gv.at/cms/BMI_EKO_Cobra/publikationen/files/LawOrder.pdf|title=BMI|website=www.bmi.gv.at|access-date=23 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="gourley2003">Gourley, S.; Kemp, I (November 26, 2003). "The Duellists". Jane's Defence Weekly ({{ISSN|0265-3818}}), Volume 40 Issue 21, pp 26-28.</ref> |
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* [[4.38×30mm Libra]] |
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* [[4.5×26mm MKR]] |
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== Modern PDW cartridge == |
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* [[FN 5.7×28mm]] |
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* [[HK 4.6×30mm]] |
* [[HK 4.6×30mm]] |
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* [[5.56×30mm MINSAS]] |
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* [[5.56×21mm PINDAD]] |
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* [[.224 Boz]] |
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* [[FN 5.7×28mm]] |
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* [[5.8×21mm|5.8×21mm DAP]] |
* [[5.8×21mm|5.8×21mm DAP]] |
||
* [[4.38×30mm Libra]] |
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* [[6.5×25mm|6.5×25mm CBJ]] |
* [[6.5×25mm|6.5×25mm CBJ]] |
||
* [[ |
* [[7.5 FK BRNO]] |
||
* 7.92×24mm<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-23 |title=Cal. 7.92x24 FMJ-OGI-71-P |url=http://fsdip.com/website/VBRBelgiumHome/English/Cal792x24mmNormal/Cal792x24AEFMJRN/Cal792x24FMJOGI71P/tabid/325/Default.aspx |access-date=2023-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123172816/http://fsdip.com/website/VBRBelgiumHome/English/Cal792x24mmNormal/Cal792x24AEFMJRN/Cal792x24FMJOGI71P/tabid/325/Default.aspx |archive-date=2010-11-23 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-12-17 |title=7.92 Ammo selector |url=http://fsdip.com/website/VBRBelgiumHome/English/792Ammoselector/tabid/249/Default.aspx |access-date=2023-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217190000/http://fsdip.com/website/VBRBelgiumHome/English/792Ammoselector/tabid/249/Default.aspx |archive-date=2010-12-17 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-22 |title=Cal. 7.92x24 AE-FMJ-RN |url=http://www.fsdip.com/website/VBRBelgiumHome/English/Cal792x24mmNormal/Cal792x24AEFMJRN/tabid/320/Default.aspx |access-date=2023-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922142151/http://www.fsdip.com/website/VBRBelgiumHome/English/Cal792x24mmNormal/Cal792x24AEFMJRN/tabid/320/Default.aspx |archive-date=2011-09-22 }}</ref> |
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* [[7.5 FK]] |
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* [[9x19mm 7N21]], [[9x19mm 7N31]] |
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* [[9×21mm Gyurza]] |
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==Traditional personal defense weapons== |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
|+ |
|||
!Name |
|||
!Cartridge |
|||
!Country |
|||
!Serial production |
|||
!Note |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Amogh carbine]] |
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|[[5.56×30mm MINSAS]] |
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|[[India]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[AR-57]] |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
|M16 lower receiver with a redesigned upper receiver fed by FN P90 magazines |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Brügger & Thomet MP9]] |
|||
|[[6.5×25mm|6.5×25mm CBJ]], [[9×19mm Parabellum|9×19mm]] |
|||
|[[Switzerland]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[CS/LS6|CF-05]] |
|||
|[[5.8×21mm]] |
|||
|[[China]] |
|||
|no |
|||
|Competitor to the [[QCW-05]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Colt MARS]] |
|||
|5.56×30mm MARS |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Colt SCAMP]] |
|||
|.22 SCAMP |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[ČZW-438]] |
|||
|[[4.38×30mm Libra]] |
|||
|[[Czech Republic]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[FN P90]] |
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|[[5.7×28mm]] |
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|[[Belgium]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Gepard (submachine gun)]] |
|||
|[[9x17mm]]<br>[[9×18mm Makarov]]<br>[[9×19mm]]<br>[[9×19mm 7N21]]<br>[[9×21mm]]<br>[[9×21mm Gyurza]]<br>[[9×30mm Grom]] |
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|[[Russia]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Heckler & Koch MP7]] |
|||
|[[HK 4.6×30mm|4.6×30mm]] |
|||
|[[Germany]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Interdynamics MKR]] |
|||
|[[4.5×26mm MKR]] |
|||
|[[Sweden]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Modern Sub Machine Carbine]] |
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|[[5.56×30mm MINSAS]] |
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|[[India]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[MP5]] rechambering kit for [[6.5×25mm CBJ]] |
|||
|[[6.5×25mm CBJ]] |
|||
|[[Sweden]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[PP-19-01 Vityaz]] |
|||
|[[9×19mm]]<br>[[9×19mm 7N21]]<br>[[9×19mm 7N31]] |
|||
|[[Russia]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[PP-2000]] |
|||
|[[9×19mm]]<br>[[9×19mm 7N21]]<br>[[9×19mm 7N31]] |
|||
|[[Russia]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[PP-90M1]] |
|||
|[[9×19mm]]<br>[[9×19mm 7N31]] |
|||
|[[Russia]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[QCW-05]] |
|||
|[[5.8×21mm]] |
|||
|[[China]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Saab Bofors Dynamics CBJ-MS]] |
|||
|[[6.5×25mm CBJ]] |
|||
|[[Sweden]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[SR-2 Veresk]] |
|||
|[[9×21mm Gyurza]] |
|||
|[[Russia]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[ST Kinetics CPW]] |
|||
|[[HK 4.6×30mm|4.6×30mm]], [[FN 5.7×28mm|5.7×28mm]], [[9×19mm Parabellum|9×19mm]]<ref>{{cite web |date=27 October 2010 |title=STKinetics CPW submachine gun – Compact Personal Weapon |url=http://world.guns.ru/smg/sing/stk-cpw-e.html |access-date=22 May 2015 |location=Singapore}}</ref> |
|||
|[[Singapore]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Tuma MTE 224 VA]] |
|||
|[[.224 Voboril]] |
|||
|[[Switzerland]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|VBR-Belgium PDW<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-28 |title=New VBR-B Multi-Caliber (9mm NATO/7.92×24mm) Compact PDW Pistol: Most Intelligently-Developed Personal Defense Weapon Yet? |url=https://defensereview.com/new-multi-caliber-vbr-belgium-pdw-pistol-most-intelligently-developed-personal-defense-weapon-yet/ |access-date=2023-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091128140443/https://defensereview.com/new-multi-caliber-vbr-belgium-pdw-pistol-most-intelligently-developed-personal-defense-weapon-yet/ |archive-date=2009-11-28 }}</ref> |
|||
|7.92×24mm |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[IWI_Tavor#Zittara|Zittara-21]] |
|||
|[[5.56×30mm MINSAS]] |
|||
|[[India]]/[[Israel]] |
|||
|No |
|||
| |
|||
|} |
|||
==Other== |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
|+ |
|||
!Name |
|||
!Cartridge |
|||
!Country |
|||
!Serial production |
|||
!Note |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[AAC Honey Badger]] |
|||
|[[.300 AAC Blackout|.300 AAC Blackout (7.62×35mm)]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[AK-74#AKS-74U|AKS-74U]] |
|||
|[[5.45×39mm]] |
|||
|[[Soviet Union]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Kalashnikov Concern AM-17|AM-17]] |
|||
|[[5.45×39mm]] |
|||
|[[Russia]] |
|||
|By 2025 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[AO-46 (firearm)|AO-46]] |
|||
|[[5.45×39mm]] |
|||
|[[Soviet Union]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Barrett REC7|Barrett REC7 PDW]] |
|||
|[[6.8mm Remington SPC|6.8mm Remington SPC (6.8×43mm)]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Bushmaster Arm Pistol]] |
|||
|[[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56×45mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Chauchat-Ribeyrolles 1918 submachine gun|Chauchat-Ribeyrolles 1918]] |
|||
|[[8×50mmR Lebel]] |
|||
|[[France]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Floro PDW]] |
|||
|[[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56×45mm]] |
|||
|[[Philippines]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[FN SCAR#Military variants|FN SCAR PDW]] |
|||
|[[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56×45mm]] |
|||
|[[Belgium]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
|got replaced by FN SCAR SC |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[FN SCAR#Military variants|FN SCAR SC]] |
|||
|[[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56×45mm]], [[.300 AAC Blackout|.300 AAC Blackout (7.62×35mm)]] |
|||
|[[Belgium]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
|A new variant of the [[FN SCAR]], with a .300 Blackout chambering kit released in late 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2017 |title=New FN SCAR®-SC Subcompact Carbine {{!}} FN HERSTAL |url=http://www.fnherstal.com/news/new-fn-scar-sc-subcompact-carbine |access-date=2017-11-24 |website=www.fnherstal.com}}</ref> |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[GA Personal Defense Weapon]] |
|||
|[[7.62×37mm Musang]] |
|||
|[[Philippines]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[CAR-15#GAU-5A Aircrew Self Defense Weapon|GAU-5A Aircrew Self Defense Weapon]] |
|||
|[[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56×45mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
|[[Takedown gun]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Heckler & Koch MP5K-PDW]] |
|||
|[[9×19mm Parabellum]] |
|||
|[[Germany]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Knight's Armament Company PDW]] |
|||
|6×35mm KAC,[[.300 AAC Blackout|.300 Blackout]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[M231 Firing Port Weapon]] |
|||
|[[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56×45mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Magpul PDR]] |
|||
|[[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56×45mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[SIG MCX#Variants|SIG MCX Rattler]] |
|||
|[[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56×45mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|} |
|||
==PDW-caliber handguns== |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
|+ |
|||
!Name |
|||
!Cartridge |
|||
!Country |
|||
!Serial production |
|||
!Note |
|||
|- |
|||
|Accelerator Pistol MP-5.7<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-01 |title=rifles, Excel Arms, Manufacturer of innovative weapon systems Ontario, CA ACCELERATOR PISTOL |url=http://www.excelarms.com/handguns/acceleratorpistol.html |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701171439/http://www.excelarms.com/handguns/acceleratorpistol.html |archive-date=2022-07-01 }}</ref> |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Arsenal Firearms Strike One]] |
|||
|[[9×19mm]]<br>[[9×19mm 7N21]]<br>[[9×19mm 7N31]] |
|||
[[9×21mm IMI]] |
|||
[[.357 SIG]] |
|||
[[.40 S&W]] |
|||
|[[Russia]] |
|||
[[Italy]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|CMMG Dissident, Mk4/Mk57<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-25 |title=Pistol, DISSENT, Mk57, 5.7x28MM, 6.5" {{!}} CMMG - AR 15 and AR 10 Builds and Parts |url=https://cmmg.com/pistol-dissent-mk57-5-7x28mm-6-5 |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325174348/https://cmmg.com/pistol-dissent-mk57-5-7x28mm-6-5 |archive-date=2023-03-25 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-17 |title=Pistol, DISSENT, Mk4, 5.7x28MM, 6.5" {{!}} CMMG - AR 15 and AR 10 Builds and Parts |url=https://cmmg.com/pistol-dissent-mk4-5-7x28mm-6-5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317234945/https://cmmg.com/pistol-dissent-mk4-5-7x28mm-6-5 |archive-date=2023-03-17 |access-date=2023-06-14}}</ref> |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
|Mk57 versions can use the Five-seveN magazine |
|||
|- |
|||
|DBX57<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-14 |title=DBX - Diamondback Firearms |url=https://diamondbackfirearms.com/dbx/ |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614182256/https://diamondbackfirearms.com/dbx/ |archive-date=2023-06-14 }}</ref> |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
|can use the Five-seveN magazine |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[FK BRNO Field Pistol|FK BRNO Field Pistol, PSD]] |
|||
|[[7.5 FK|7.5x27mm]] |
|||
|[[Czech Republic]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[FN Five-seven]] |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[Belgium]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|Fort 28<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-31 |title=Fort 28 Pistol |url=https://modernfirearms.net/en/handguns/fort-28-pistol-ukraine-2/ |access-date=2023-06-18 |website=Modern Firearms |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-18 |title=Ukrainian Fort-28 Pistol cal. 5.7x28 mm |url=https://en.ukrmilitary.com/2018/10/ukrainian-fort-28-pistol-cal-57x28-mm.html |access-date=2023-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618181220/https://en.ukrmilitary.com/2018/10/ukrainian-fort-28-pistol-cal-57x28-mm.html |archive-date=2023-06-18 }}</ref> |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[Ukraine]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Glock]] 17 rechambering kit for [[VBR 7.92x24mm]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-19 |title=Glock 17 in kal.7.92x24 mm {{!}} vbrbelgium.com |url=https://vbrbelgium.com/glock-17-in-kal-7-92x24-mm/ |access-date=2023-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619161452/https://vbrbelgium.com/glock-17-in-kal-7-92x24-mm/ |archive-date=2023-06-19 }}</ref> |
|||
|7.92×24mm |
|||
|[[Belgium]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Glock]] 17 rechambering kit for [[6.5×25mm CBJ]] |
|||
|[[6.5×25mm CBJ]] |
|||
|[[Sweden]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[GSh-18]] |
|||
||[[9×19mm]]<br>[[9×19mm 7N21]] |
|||
|[[Russia]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Heckler & Koch UCP]] |
|||
|[[HK 4.6×30mm|4.6×30mm]] |
|||
|[[Germany]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|KALEKALIP KNG-C5<ref>{{Cite web |title=KALE KALIP {{!}} KNGC5 |url=https://www.kalekalip.com.tr/products/kngc5 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=www.kalekalip.com.tr |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
|[[5.56×45mm NATO]] |
|||
|[[Turkey]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Kel-Tec P50]] |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Smith & Wesson M&P#Variants|M&P 5.7]] |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[SIG Sauer SP 2022]] rechambering kit for [[6.5×25mm CBJ]] |
|||
|[[6.5×25mm CBJ]] |
|||
|[[Sweden]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[SR-1 Vektor]] |
|||
|[[9×21mm Gyurza]] |
|||
|[[Russia]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Udav|SR-2 Udav]] |
|||
|[[9×21mm Gyurza]] |
|||
|[[Russia]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Lebedev pistol]] |
|||
|[[9×19mm]]<br>[[9×19mm 7N21]] |
|||
|[[Russia]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|MPA57<ref>{{cite web |author=D.K. Pridgen |date=November 12, 2014 |title=Masterpiece Arms MPA57 SST 5.7×28mm |url=http://www.tactical-life.com/firearms/masterpiece-arms-mpa57-sst-57x28mm/ |access-date=April 24, 2017}}</ref> |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[MP-443 Grach]] |
|||
|[[9×19mm]]<br>[[9×19mm 7N21]]<br>[[9×19mm 7N31]] |
|||
|[[Russia]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Pindad PS-01]] |
|||
|[[5.56×21mm PINDAD]] |
|||
|[[Indonesia]] |
|||
|no |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[PSA 5.7 Rock]] |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[QSZ-92]] / [[QSW-06]] |
|||
|[[5.8×21mm]] |
|||
|[[China]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[QSZ-11]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Пистолет QSZ-11 |url=https://zonwar.ru/pistolet/QSZ-11.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=zonwar.ru}}</ref> |
|||
|[[5.8×21mm]] |
|||
|[[China]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[RSh-12]] |
|||
|[[12.7×55mm STs-130]] |
|||
|[[Russia]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Ruger-57]] |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|VBR PDW/CQBW<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-03-18 |title=VBR 4.6 PDW Eng |url=http://www.fsdip.com:80/website/VBRBelgiumHome/English/VBR46PDWEng/tabid/305/Default.aspx |access-date=2023-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318034039/http://www.fsdip.com:80/website/VBRBelgiumHome/English/VBR46PDWEng/tabid/305/Default.aspx |archive-date=2009-03-18 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-17 |title=VBR-B 7.92 PDW/CQBW eng |url=http://www.fsdip.com/website/VBRBelgiumHome/English/VBR46PDWEng/VBRB792PDWCQBWeng/tabid/307/Default.aspx |access-date=2023-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517052002/http://www.fsdip.com/website/VBRBelgiumHome/English/VBR46PDWEng/VBRB792PDWCQBWeng/tabid/307/Default.aspx |archive-date=2009-05-17 }}</ref> |
|||
|[[HK 4.6×30mm|4.6×30mm]], [[5.7×28mm]], VBR 6 mm CQBW, 7.92×24mm |
|||
|[[Belgium]] |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|X-5.7P Basic Pistol 30RD<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-14 |title=rifles, Excel Arms, Manufacturer of innovative weapon systems Ontario, CA X-SERIES PISTOL |url=http://www.excelarms.com/handguns/xseriespistol.html |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614193748/http://www.excelarms.com/handguns/xseriespistol.html |archive-date=2023-06-14 }}</ref> |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|yes |
|||
| |
|||
|} |
|||
==PDW-caliber civilian firearms== |
|||
== Personal defense weapons== |
|||
PDW-caliber guns without [[select fire]] capabilities |
|||
* [[AAC Honey Badger PDW]] – [[.300 AAC Blackout|.300 AAC Blackout (7.62×35mm)]] |
|||
* [[AK-74#AKS-74U|AKS-74U]] – [[5.45×39mm]] |
|||
* [[Amogh carbine]] – [[5.56×30mm MINSAS]] |
|||
* [[AR-57]] – 5.7×28mm – M16 lower receiver with a redesigned upper receiver fed by FN P90 magazines |
|||
* [[Barrett REC7|Barrett REC7 PDW]] – [[6.8mm Remington SPC|6.8mm Remington SPC (6.8×43mm)]] |
|||
* [[Brügger & Thomet MP9]] – [[6.5×25mm|6.5×25mm CBJ]] & [[9×19mm Parabellum|9×19mm Luger]] |
|||
* [[Colt MARS]] – 5.56×30mm MARS |
|||
*ČZW-438 – [[4.38×30mm Libra]] |
|||
* [[FN P90]] – 5.7×28mm |
|||
* [[FN SCAR#Military variants|FN SCAR PDW]] – [[5.56×45mm NATO]] |
|||
* [[FN SCAR#Military variants|FN SCAR SC]] – 5.56×45mm NATO & [[.300 AAC Blackout|.300 AAC Blackout (7.62×35mm)]] – A new variant of the [[FN SCAR]], with a .300 Blackout chambering kit released in late 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fnherstal.com/news/new-fn-scar-sc-subcompact-carbine|title=New FN SCAR®-SC Subcompact Carbine {{!}} FN HERSTAL|website=www.fnherstal.com|date=15 November 2017|access-date=2017-11-24}}</ref> |
|||
* [[GA Personal Defense Weapon]] – [[7.62×37mm Musang]] |
|||
*Gepard (SMG) – 9×30mm "Grom" |
|||
*[[Heckler & Koch MP5K-PDW]] – 9×19mm |
|||
* Heckler & Koch MP7 – 4.6×30mm |
|||
* [[Knight's Armament Company PDW]] – 6×35mm KAC |
|||
* [[Magpul PDR]] – [[5.56×45mm NATO]] |
|||
*[[Modern Sub Machine Carbine]] – 5.56×30mm MINSAS |
|||
* [[PP-2000]] – 9×19mm 7N21 +P+, 9×19mm 7N31 +P+ |
|||
* [[QCW-05]] – [[5.8×21mm]] |
|||
* [[Saab Bofors Dynamics CBJ-MS]] – 6.5×25mm |
|||
* [[ST Kinetics CPW]] – 4.6×30mm, 5.7×28mm, 9×19mm<ref>{{cite web|url=http://world.guns.ru/smg/sing/stk-cpw-e.html|title=STKinetics CPW submachine gun – Compact Personal Weapon|date=27 October 2010|location= Singapore|access-date=22 May 2015}}</ref> |
|||
* VBR-Belgium PDW – 7.92×24mm |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" |
|||
==PDW-caliber pistols== |
|||
|+ |
|||
!Name |
|||
!Cartridge |
|||
!Country |
|||
!Note |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[AR-57]] |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|M16 lower receiver with a redesigned upper receiver fed by FN P90 magazines |
|||
|- |
|||
|CMMG Banshee, Mk4/Mk57<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-17 |title=PISTOL, BANSHEE, Mk4, 4.6X30MM, 8" {{!}} CMMG - AR 15 and AR 10 Builds and Parts |url=https://cmmg.com/pistol-banshee-mk4-4-6x30mm-8 |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317225126/https://cmmg.com/pistol-banshee-mk4-4-6x30mm-8 |archive-date=2023-03-17 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-25 |title=PISTOL, BANSHEE, Mk4, 5.7X28MM, 8" {{!}} CMMG - AR 15 and AR 10 Builds and Parts |url=https://cmmg.com/pistol-banshee-mk4-5-7x28mm-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225071956/https://cmmg.com/pistol-banshee-mk4-5-7x28mm-8 |archive-date=2022-12-25 |access-date=2023-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-25 |title=PISTOL, BANSHEE, Mk57, 5.7X28MM, 8" {{!}} CMMG - AR 15 and AR 10 Builds and Parts |url=https://cmmg.com/pistol-banshee-mk57-5-7x28mm-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325180209/https://cmmg.com/pistol-banshee-mk57-5-7x28mm-8 |archive-date=2023-03-25 |access-date=2023-06-14}}</ref> |
|||
CMMG Resolute, Mk4/Mk57<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-14 |title=RESOLUTE, Mk4, 5.7X28MM, 16.1" {{!}} CMMG - AR 15 and AR 10 Builds and Parts |url=https://cmmg.com/resolute-mk4-5-7x28mm-16-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614210221/https://cmmg.com/resolute-mk4-5-7x28mm-16-1 |archive-date=2023-06-14 |access-date=2023-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-14 |title=RESOLUTE, Mk57, 5.7X28MM, 16.1" {{!}} CMMG - AR 15 and AR 10 Builds and Parts |url=https://cmmg.com/resolute-mk57-5-7x28mm-16-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614210314/https://cmmg.com/resolute-mk57-5-7x28mm-16-1 |archive-date=2023-06-14 |access-date=2023-06-14}}</ref> |
|||
|[[HK 4.6×30mm|4.6×30mm]] |
|||
[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|Mk57 versions can use the Five-seveN magazine |
|||
|- |
|||
|Excel Arms MR-57<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-26 |title=Excel Arms MR-5.7 5.7x28mm Semi-Automatic Accelerator Rifle, Black - EA57101 {{!}} Palmetto State Armory |url=https://palmettostatearmory.com/excel-arms-mr-5-7-22-wmr-5-7x28mm-semi-automatic-accelerator-rifle-black-ea57101.html |access-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926234341/https://palmettostatearmory.com/excel-arms-mr-5-7-22-wmr-5-7x28mm-semi-automatic-accelerator-rifle-black-ea57101.html |archive-date=2022-09-26 }}</ref> |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
* [[FK BRNO Field Pistol|FK BRNO]] – [[7.5 FK|7.5FK]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
*[[FN Five-seven]] – 5.7×28mm |
|||
| |
|||
*[[Kel-Tec P50]] – 5.7×28mm |
|||
|- |
|||
* MPA57 – 5.7×28mm<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tactical-life.com/firearms/masterpiece-arms-mpa57-sst-57x28mm/|title=Masterpiece Arms MPA57 SST 5.7×28mm|date=November 12, 2014|access-date=April 24, 2017|author=D.K. Pridgen}}</ref> |
|||
|MPA57000DMG |
|||
* [[QSZ-92]] / [[QSW-06]] – 5.8×21mm |
|||
<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=MPA5700DMG 5.7x28mm Carbine - MasterPiece Arms, Inc. |url=https://masterpiecearms.com/shop/mpa5700sst-5-7x28mm-carbine/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519011238/https://masterpiecearms.com/shop/mpa5700sst-5-7x28mm-carbine/ |archive-date=2022-05-19 }}</ref> |
|||
*Ruger-57 – 5.7×28mm |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
* VBR-Belgium CQBW – 4.6×30mm, 5.7×28mm, 7.92×24mm |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[FN_P90#PS90|PS90]] |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[Belgium]] |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Kel-Tec P50|R50]] |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
|P50 pistol with longer barrel and stock |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Sturm, Ruger & Co.|Ruger]] LC Carbine<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-14 |title=Ruger® LC Carbine™ Autoloading Rifle Model 19300 |url=https://www.ruger.com/products/lcCarbine/specSheets/19300.html |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614202832/https://www.ruger.com/products/lcCarbine/specSheets/19300.html |archive-date=2023-06-14 }}</ref> |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
|Savage 25 Walking Varminter<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-04 |title=Savage Bolt-Action Rifle in 5.7x28mm FN {{!}} Armory Blog |url=https://www.armoryblog.com/firearms/rifles/savage-boltaction-rifle-57x28mm-fn/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204224042/https://www.armoryblog.com/firearms/rifles/savage-boltaction-rifle-57x28mm-fn/ |archive-date=2012-02-04 }}</ref> |
|||
|[[5.7×28mm]] |
|||
|[[United States]] |
|||
| |
|||
|} |
|||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
| Line 98: | Line 576: | ||
* [[Assault weapon]] |
* [[Assault weapon]] |
||
* [[Automatic shotgun]] |
* [[Automatic shotgun]] |
||
* [[Close quarters combat]] |
|||
* [[Pistol-caliber carbine]] |
|||
* [[Semi-automatic firearm]] |
|||
* [[Short-barreled rifle]] |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{commons category|Personal defense weapons |
{{reflist}} |
||
{{commons category|Personal defense weapons}} |
|||
{{Personal defense weapons}} |
|||
[[Category:Personal defense weapons| ]] |
[[Category:Personal defense weapons| ]] |
||
Latest revision as of 02:28, 25 December 2024
Personal defense weapons (PDWs) are a class of compact, magazine-fed automatic firearms that are typically submachine guns designed to fire rifle-like cartridges. Most PDWs fire a small-caliber (generally less than 8 mm or 0.31 in in bullet diameter), high-velocity centerfire bottleneck cartridge resembling a scaled-down intermediate cartridge, essentially making them an "in-between" hybrid between a submachine gun and a conventional carbine.
The use of these rifle-like cartridges gives the PDWs much better ballistic performance (effective range, external ballistics and armor-penetrating capability) than conventional submachine guns, which fire larger-caliber but slower and less aerodynamic handgun cartridges. The low recoil of these "sub-intermediate" cartridges also makes muzzle jumps on PDWs (which typically have short barrels) much easier to handle than short-barreled rifles, especially when shooting in automatic fire or burst fire.
The name describes the weapon's original conceptual role: as a compact but powerful small arm that can be conveniently carried for personal defense, usually by support personnel behind the front line such as military engineers, logistic drivers, medical specialists, artillery crews, or signallers. These "second-line" personnel are not strictly combat troops expected to directly engage the enemy, but may still be at risk of encountering decently equipped (and often well-armored) hostile skirmishers and infiltrators, therefore having to defend themselves in close quarters. Such encounters will warrant an effective weapon that is easy to use while having sufficient firepower to suppress enemy charges and hold them beyond a safe perimeter to prevent the defenders from being overrun, but the risk of hostility is rare enough that a standard service rifle would be an unnecessary burden during their normal duties.
Because of their light weight, controllability, ease of operation and close-range effectiveness (can penetrate a NATO CRISAT vest[1] or an NIJ IIIA soft Kevlar armor[2][3] at up to 200 m (220 yd)), PDWs have also been used by special forces, paramilitaries, heavily armed tactical police, and bodyguards.
History
[edit]
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, shortened versions of the infantry rifle were issued as "carbines" for cavalry troops and gun crews. This designation was dropped as infantry rifle designs became shortened overall, such as in the Short Magazine Lee–Enfield rifle. Thereafter, handguns were typically issued as self-defense weapons. However, they were not effective in most close combat situations. As a result, during the First World War, the Mauser C96 and artillery versions of the Luger pistol were issued with attachable shoulder stock holsters, which allowed for greater control and accuracy.
During World War I, the United States secretly developed the Pedersen device attachment for the M1903 Springfield rifle that allowed it to fire the .30-18 Auto (7.65×20mm Longue) pistol cartridge in semi-automatic mode.[4][5] This attachment was developed to allow an infantryman to convert "his rifle to a form of submachine gun or automatic rifle" in approximately 15 seconds.[5][4]
Production of the device and modified M1903 rifles started in 1918.[5] However, the war ended before they were sent to Europe.[4][5] The contract was cancelled on March 1, 1919, after production of 65,000 devices, 1.6 million magazines, 65 million cartridges and 101,775 modified Springfield rifles.[4][5][6] The Pedersen device was declared surplus in 1931.[6] To prevent them from falling into the hands of the lawless, nearly all of the stored devices were destroyed by the Army except for a few examples kept by Ordnance Department.[7][6]
In 1918, Ribeyrolles, Sutter and Chauchat designed the Chauchat-Ribeyrolles 1918 submachine gun. This weapon was meant to be used for close-range protection for the French tank crews. The weapon is based on the RSC Mle. 1917 semi-automatic rifle mechanism. The first trials used a Mannlicher–Berthier clip holding eight cartridges. The trials continued until 1919 with a weapon using the same magazine as the Chauchat. The results were satisfactory but the weapon was too powerful for the intended self-protection use. A mix of standard and tracer bullets was planned to be used to assist in aiming.
In 1938, the U.S. Army Ordnance Department received a request for a light rifle to be issued to mortarmen, radiomen, drivers, clerks, cooks, and similar grades.[8] During field exercises, these troops found that the M1 Garand rifle was too heavy and too cumbersome for general issue. And, while handguns are undeniably convenient, they had limited range, accuracy and power. This request was refused by authorities.[8]
In 1940, after Germany's use of glider-borne and paratroop forces to infiltrate and attack strategic points behind the front lines,[9][10] the request for a light rifle was resubmitted and subsequently approved.[8] U.S. Army Ordnance issued a requirement for a "light rifle" with greater range, firepower, and accuracy than the M1911 pistol while weighing half as much as the M1 Garand.[11] As a result, the U.S. developed the semi-automatic M1 Carbine and shortly thereafter the select-fire M2 Carbine. Widely employed until the end of the Vietnam War, these carbines are generally considered the forerunners of modern personal defense weapons.[12]
In 1969, AO-46 was an unsolicited design by Peter Andreevich Tkachev working at TsNIITochMash. Although not accepted for service, this design, in combination with report of the US use of the XM-177 in Vietnam led the GRAU to start the competition known as Project Modern, which led to the adoption of AKS-74U for service.[13][14]
In 1979, Rock Island Arsenal designed a version of the M16 assault rifle adapted for shooting from firing ports on the M2 Bradley, named the M231 Firing Port Weapon. In 1980, the weapon was adopted as the M231.[15] Although most of the Bradley AFV's ports have since been removed, these weapons are maintained, and are used by crews for self-defense, close-quarters situations, and for firing from the rear door firing ports as intended.
Developed during the 1980s, the "Personal Defense Weapon" (PDW) concept was created in response to a NATO request as a replacement for 9×19mm Parabellum submachine guns. The PDW is a compact automatic weapon that can defeat enemy body armor and which can be used conveniently by non-combatant and support troops, as well as a close quarters battle weapon for special forces and counter-terrorist groups.[16][17]
Introduced in 1991, the FN P90 features a bullpup design with a futuristic appearance. It has a 50-round magazine housed horizontally above the barrel, an integrated reflex sight and fully ambidextrous controls.[18] A simple blow-back automatic weapon, it was designed to fire the FN 5.7×28mm cartridge which can penetrate soft body armor.[16][17] The P90 was designed to have a length no greater than a man's shoulder width, to allow it to be easily carried and maneuvered in tight spaces, such as the inside of an armored vehicle.[18]
Introduced in 2001, the Heckler & Koch MP7 is a direct rival to the FN P90. Featuring a more conventional-looking design, the MP7 uses a short-stroke piston gas system as used on H&K's G36 and HK416 assault rifles, in place of a blowback system traditionally seen on submachine guns.[19] The MP7 is able to use 20-, 30- and 40-round magazines and fires 4.6×30mm ammunition which can penetrate soft body armor. Due to the heavy use of polymers in its construction, the MP7 is much lighter than older SMG designs, weighing only 1.2 kg (2.65 lb) with an empty 20-round magazine.
Russia uses 7N21 and 7N31 cartridges which are hotter loaded 9x19mm Parabellum cartridges with special armor piercing bullets. The armor piercing bullets consist of a hardened steel core inside a lighter sleeve which damages soft targets but strips off if it hits an armored target and lets the core pierce it.[20][21][22][23] The RG054 variant of the 9×21mm cartridge follows the same pattern.[24][23] The space between the core and the bimetallic jacket is filled with polyethyelene which results in 7N21 being lighter than regular 9×19mm, 7N31 is even lighter than 7N21.[25] Using a different variant of the same cartridge bears the advantage that regular ammunition can still be used. The PP-19-01 Vityaz, PP-2000 and GSh-18 can use regular 9×19mm Parabellum as well as the 7N21 and 7N31 ammunition. The Russian Aerospace Forces added the PPK-20 variant of the PP-19-01 Vityaz into the ejection survival kits of the MiG-29, Mig-35, Su-24, Su-27, Su-30SM, Su-34, Su-35 and Su-57.[26]
Applications
[edit]
The PDW concept has not been widely successful, partly because existing PDWs are not significantly cheaper to manufacture than carbines or full-size military rifles. Most PDWs also use a proprietary cartridge, such as the 5.7×28mm cartridge for the FN P90 or the 4.6×30mm for the H&K MP7, neither of which were originally compatible with any existing pistols or rifles/carbines. Although both manufacturers planned handguns that used the same proprietary rounds, only FN went forward with production of the Five-SeveN pistol, which was the only handgun option available for the 5.7×28mm cartridge for over two decades until the introduction of Ruger-57 in 2019. In turn, this made the PDW cartridges expensive to consumers due to the lack of mass production.[27]
Though personal defense weapons have not been very popular for their intended application, they have been acquired by various military special forces units and law enforcement groups, as an upgrade for their older submachine guns[citation needed]. The FN P90 and Five-seven pistol are used by military and police forces in over 40 countries, including Canada, Cyprus, France, Greece, India, Peru, Poland, Spain, and the United States.[28] The Heckler & Koch MP7 is also used in a number of countries, including Austria, France, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom.[29][30]
PDW cartridges
[edit]- 4.38×30mm Libra
- 4.5×26mm MKR
- HK 4.6×30mm
- 5.56×30mm MINSAS
- 5.56×21mm PINDAD
- .224 Boz
- FN 5.7×28mm
- 5.8×21mm DAP
- 6.5×25mm CBJ
- 7.5 FK BRNO
- 7.92×24mm[31][32][33]
- 9x19mm 7N21, 9x19mm 7N31
- 9×21mm Gyurza
Traditional personal defense weapons
[edit]Other
[edit]PDW-caliber handguns
[edit]PDW-caliber civilian firearms
[edit]PDW-caliber guns without select fire capabilities
| Name | Cartridge | Country | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| AR-57 | 5.7×28mm | United States | M16 lower receiver with a redesigned upper receiver fed by FN P90 magazines |
| CMMG Banshee, Mk4/Mk57[50][51][52] | 4.6×30mm | United States | Mk57 versions can use the Five-seveN magazine |
| Excel Arms MR-57[55] | 5.7×28mm | United States | |
| MPA57000DMG | 5.7×28mm | United States | |
| PS90 | 5.7×28mm | Belgium | |
| R50 | 5.7×28mm | United States | P50 pistol with longer barrel and stock |
| Ruger LC Carbine[57] | 5.7×28mm | United States | |
| Savage 25 Walking Varminter[58] | 5.7×28mm | United States |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ RUAG Ammotec 2.0 g German Army 4.6×30mm Penetrator DM11 cartridge factsheet
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