Gujranwala: Difference between revisions
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{{other uses|Gujranwala (disambiguation)}} |
{{other uses|Gujranwala (disambiguation)}} |
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{{pp- |
{{pp-pc}} |
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{{Use Pakistani English|date=September 2021}} |
{{Use Pakistani English|date=September 2021}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name |
| name = Gujranwala |
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| official_name |
| official_name = |
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| native_name |
| native_name = {{nq|گُجرانوالہ}} ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]])<br />{{unq|گوجرانوالہ}} ([[Urdu]]) |
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| other_name = |
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| settlement_type = [[City Districts of Pakistan|Metropolis]] |
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| settlement_type = [[City Districts of Pakistan|Metropolis]] |
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| nickname = City of Wrestlers<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailythepatriot.com/gujranwala-the-city-of-wrestlers/|title=Gujranwala- The City of Wrestlers|date=4 February 2016}}</ref> |
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| nickname = City of Wrestlers<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailythepatriot.com/gujranwala-the-city-of-wrestlers/|title=Gujranwala- The City of Wrestlers|date=4 February 2016}}</ref> |
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| image_skyline = [[File:Nishan-E-Manzil Gujranwala 20140925.jpg|278px]] <br />[[File:UCP Sub Campus Gujranwala 18-May-2017 (cropped).jpg|162px]][[File:Gujranwala flyover.jpg|116px]]<br />[[File:Mall of Gujranwala (cropped).jpg|278px]] |
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| image_skyline = {{multiple image |
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| image_caption = <div style="background:#fee8ab;">'''From top, left to right:<br/>''' |
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| border = infobox |
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[[Gujranwala Cantonment|Nishan-e-Manzil]], [[University of Central Punjab|UCP Gujranwala]], Jinnah Interchange flyover, Mall of Gujranwala<br/></div> |
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| total_width = 280 |
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| image_style = border:1; |
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| pushpin_label_position = left |
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| perrow = 1/2/2/1 |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Pakistan]] |
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| caption_align = center |
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| coordinates = {{Coord|32|9|24|N|74|11|24|E|type:city_region:PK|display=inline,title}} |
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| image1 = Nishan-E-Manzil Gujranwala 20140925.jpg |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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|caption1 = [[Gujranwala Cantonment|Nishan-e-Manzil]] |
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| subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|Pakistan}}}} |
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| image2 = UCP Sub Campus Gujranwala 18-May-2017 (cropped).jpg |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Subdivisions of Pakistan|Province]] |
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|caption2 = [[University of Central Punjab|UCP Gujranwala]] |
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| image3 = Gujranwala flyover.jpg |
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| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Pakistan|District]] |
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|caption3 = Jinnah Interchange flyover |
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| subdivision_type4 = [[Tehsil]] |
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| image4 = Mall of Gujranwala (cropped).jpg |
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|caption4 = Mall of Gujranwala |
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}} |
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| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Punjab}} |
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| image_caption = |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]] |
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| pushpin_map = Pakistan Punjab#Pakistan |
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| pushpin_label_position = left |
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| subdivision_name4 = [[Gujranwala City Tehsil|Gujranwala City]], [[Gujranwala Saddar Tehsil|Gujranwala Saddar]] |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab##Location in Pakistan |
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| subdivision_name5 = 7 |
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| coordinates = {{Coord|32|9|24|N|74|11|24|E|type:city_region:PK|display=inline,title}} |
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| subdivision_name6 = 19 |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| established_date = |
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| subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|Pakistan}}}} |
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| government_type = [[City Districts of Pakistan|Metropolitan Corporation]]<ref name="dawn news 1524621"/> |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Subdivisions of Pakistan|Province]] |
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| government_footnotes = <ref name="mcorp-web">{{cite web|url=http://www.gujranwala.gop.pk/assets/uploads/images/sliders/cover_photo.jpg|title=Complaint Management System: Municipal Corporation, Gujranwala|publisher=The Urban Unit, Planning & Development (Punjab)|access-date=2018-04-26|archive-date=27 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427120305/http://www.gujranwala.gop.pk/assets/uploads/images/sliders/cover_photo.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Divisions of Pakistan|Division]] |
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| leader_title = Deputy Commissioner (Administrator in absence of Mayor) |
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| subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Pakistan|District]] |
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| leader_name = Saira Umer<ref name="tn">{{cite news|url=https://nation.com.pk/31-Dec-2021/administrators-appointments-planned-as-punjab-lg-system-dissolves-today|title=Administrators' appointments planned as Punjab LG system dissolves today|date=31 December 2021|access-date=6 January 2022|work=The Nation (newspaper)|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231091608/https://nation.com.pk/31-Dec-2021/administrators-appointments-planned-as-punjab-lg-system-dissolves-today|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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| subdivision_type4 = [[Tehsil|Tehsil(s)]] |
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| leader_title1 = Deputy Mayor(s) |
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| subdivision_type5 = Autonomous towns |
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| leader_name1 = None (Vacant)<ref name="tn"/> |
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| subdivision_type6 = Union councils |
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| leader_title2 = |
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| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Punjab}} |
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| leader_name2 = |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Gujranwala Division|Gujranwala]] |
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| area_metro_km2 = 3198 |
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| subdivision_name3 = [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]] |
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| area_total_km2 = 240 |
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| subdivision_name4 = {{Collapsible list|title=2 |
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<!-- Elevation -------------------------->| elevation_footnotes = |
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| [[Gujranwala City Tehsil|Gujranwala City]] |
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| elevation_m = 231 |
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| [[Gujranwala Saddar Tehsil|Gujranwala Saddar]] |
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| elevation_ft = 758 |
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}} |
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| elevation_max_m = |
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| subdivision_name5 = 7 |
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| elevation_max_ft = |
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| subdivision_name6 = 19 |
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| elevation_min_m = |
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| |
| established_date = |
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| government_type = [[City Districts of Pakistan|Metropolitan Corporation]]<ref name="dawn news 1524621"/> |
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| image_blank_emblem = MCorp Gujranwala.png |
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| government_footnotes = <ref name="mcorp-web">{{cite web|url=http://www.gujranwala.gop.pk/assets/uploads/images/sliders/cover_photo.jpg|title=Complaint Management System: Municipal Corporation, Gujranwala|publisher=The Urban Unit, Planning & Development (Punjab)|access-date=2018-04-26|archive-date=27 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427120305/http://www.gujranwala.gop.pk/assets/uploads/images/sliders/cover_photo.jpg|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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| blank_emblem_type = Municipal Corporation logo |
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| leader_title = Deputy Commissioner |
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| blank_emblem_alt = [[Municipal Corporation Gujranwala]] |
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| leader_name = Saira Umer<ref name="tn">{{cite news|url=https://nation.com.pk/31-Dec-2021/administrators-appointments-planned-as-punjab-lg-system-dissolves-today|title=Administrators' appointments planned as Punjab LG system dissolves today|date=31 December 2021|access-date=6 January 2022|work=The Nation (newspaper)|archive-date=31 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231091608/https://nation.com.pk/31-Dec-2021/administrators-appointments-planned-as-punjab-lg-system-dissolves-today|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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| blank_emblem_size = 80px |
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| |
| leader_title1 = Deputy Mayor(s) |
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| |
| leader_name1 = None (Vacant)<ref name="tn"/> |
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| leader_title2 = |
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| population_as_of = [[2017 Census of Pakistan|2017]] |
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| leader_name2 = |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name="census2017">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/sites/default/files/bwpsr/punjab/GUJRANWALA_BLOCKWISE.pdf|title=POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLD DETAIL FROM BLOCK TO DISTRICT LEVEL: PUNJAB|website=www.pbscensus.gov.pk|publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau of Statistics]]|access-date=2018-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508151404/http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/sites/default/files/bwpsr/punjab/GUJRANWALA_BLOCKWISE.pdf|archive-date=8 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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| area_metro_km2 = 3198 |
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| area_total_km2 = 240 |
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| population_rank = [[List of largest cities in Pakistan|5th, Pakistan]] |
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<!-- Elevation -------------------------->| elevation_footnotes = |
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| population_note = <!-- |
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| elevation_m = 231 |
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| elevation_ft = 758 |
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| elevation_max_m = |
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| elevation_max_ft = |
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| elevation_min_m = |
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| elevation_min_ft = |
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| image_seal = |
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| image_blank_emblem = |
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| blank_emblem_type = Emblem |
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| blank_emblem_alt = [[Municipal Corporation Gujranwala]] |
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| blank_emblem_size = 140px |
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| total_type = [[City]] |
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| population_total = 2,511,118 |
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| population_as_of = [[2023 Census of Pakistan|2023]] |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name="census2017">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/sites/default/files/bwpsr/punjab/GUJRANWALA_BLOCKWISE.pdf|title=POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLD DETAIL FROM BLOCK TO DISTRICT LEVEL: PUNJAB|publisher=[[Pakistan Bureau of Statistics]]|access-date=2018-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508151404/http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/sites/default/files/bwpsr/punjab/GUJRANWALA_BLOCKWISE.pdf|archive-date=8 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_rank = [[List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by population|4th, Punjab]]<br />[[List of largest cities in Pakistan|5th, Pakistan]] |
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| population_note = <!-- |
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| religion_main = Islam |
| religion_main = Islam |
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| religions_sub = Christianity |
| religions_sub = Christianity |
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| Literacy_rate = 56.6% |
| Literacy_rate = 56.6% |
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--> |
--> |
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| postal_code_type |
| postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Pakistan|Postal code]] |
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| postal_code |
| postal_code = 52250 |
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| area_code |
| area_code = 055 |
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| website |
| website = {{URL|http://gujranwaladivision.gop.pk/}} |
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| footnotes |
| footnotes = |
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| timezone |
| timezone = [[Pakistan Standard Time|PKT]] |
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| utc_offset |
| utc_offset = +5 |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Gujranwala''' ({{ |
'''Gujranwala''' ({{langx|pnb-Arab|{{nq|گُجرانوالہ}}}}, {{IPA|pa|gʊˈd͡ʒɾãːʋaːɭaː|pron}}; {{langx|ur|{{nq|گوجرانوالہ}}}}, {{IPA|ur|ɡoːdʒᵊɾãːʋaːlaː|pron}}) is the [[List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by population|fourth most-populous]] city in the [[Pakistan]]i province of [[Punjab]]. Located in northern Punjab's [[Rachna Doab]], it serves as the headquarters of the [[Gujranwala District|eponymous district]] and [[Gujranwala Division|division]]. It is also known as "City of Wrestlers" and is quite famous for its food.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailythepatriot.com/gujranwala-the-city-of-wrestlers/|title=Gujranwala- The City of Wrestlers|website=Daily The Patriot|date=4 February 2016|access-date=2019-09-07}}</ref> A metropolitan hub, it is the [[List of most populous cities in Pakistan|fifth-most populous in the country]]. |
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Founded in the 18th century, Gujranwala is a relatively modern town compared to the many nearby millennia-old cities of northern Punjab. The birthplace of [[Ranjit Singh]], the city served as the capital of the Punjabi state of [[Sukerchakia Misl]] between 1763 and 1799; and of the [[Sikh Empire]] from 1799 to 1801, succeeded by [[Lahore]]. |
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Gujranwala is now Pakistan's third largest industrial centre after [[Karachi]] and [[Faisalabad]],<ref name="Naz"/> and contributes 5% to 9% of Pakistan's national [[GDP]].<ref name=PAAG/> The city is part of a network of large urban centres in north-east Punjab province that forms one of Pakistan's mostly highly industrialized regions.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Azhar|first1=Annus|last2=Adil|first2=Shahid|title=Effect of Agglomeration on Socio-Economic Outcomes: A District Level Panel study of Punjab|url=http://www.pide.org.pk/psde/pdf/AGM32/papers/Effect%20of%20Agglomeration%20on%20Socio-Economic%20Outcomes.pdf|publisher=Pakistan Institute of Developmental Economics|access-date=2 June 2017}}</ref> Along with the nearby cities of [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujrat |
Gujranwala is now Pakistan's third largest industrial centre after [[Karachi]] and [[Faisalabad]],<ref name="Naz"/> and contributes 5% to 9% of Pakistan's national [[GDP]].<ref name=PAAG/> The city is part of a network of large urban centres in north-east Punjab province that forms one of Pakistan's mostly highly industrialized regions.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Azhar|first1=Annus|last2=Adil|first2=Shahid|title=Effect of Agglomeration on Socio-Economic Outcomes: A District Level Panel study of Punjab|url=http://www.pide.org.pk/psde/pdf/AGM32/papers/Effect%20of%20Agglomeration%20on%20Socio-Economic%20Outcomes.pdf|publisher=Pakistan Institute of Developmental Economics|access-date=2 June 2017}}</ref> Along with the nearby cities of [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]], Gujranwala forms part of the so-called "Golden Triangle" of industrial cities with export-oriented economies.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P5pvAwAAQBAJ&q=sialkot+gujranwala+gujrat+golden+triangle&pg=PA2|title=An assessment of industrial employment skill gaps among university graduates: In the Gujrat-Sialkot-Gujranwala industrial cluster, Pakistan|last1=Mehmood|first1=Mirza, Faisal|last2=Ali|first2=Jaffri, Atif|last3=Saim|first3=Hashmi, Muhammad|date=2014-04-21|publisher=Intl Food Policy Res Inst|pages=2}}</ref><ref name="Naz"/> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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==History== |
==History== |
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===Founding=== |
===Founding=== |
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Gujranwala was founded by [[Gurjar]]s in the eighteenth century<ref name="dawn/22march2021">{{cite news |last1=Mahmood |first1=Amjad |title=The importance of Gujranwala |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1613809/the-importance-of-gujranwala |access-date=22 March 2021 | |
Gujranwala was founded by [[Gurjar]]s in the eighteenth century<ref name="dawn/22march2021">{{cite news |last1=Mahmood |first1=Amjad |title=The importance of Gujranwala |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1613809/the-importance-of-gujranwala |access-date=22 March 2021 |newspaper=Dawn|location=Pakistan |date=22 March 2021}}</ref> however the exact origins of Gujranwala are unclear. Unlike the ancient nearby cities of [[Sialkot]] and [[Lahore]], Gujranwala is a relatively modern city. It may have been established as a village in the middle of the 16th century.<ref>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Gujranwala District, 1883-4.|year=1895|publisher=Punjab Govt.|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281430|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref> Locals traditionally believe that Gujranwala's original name was Khanpur Sansi, though recent scholarship suggests that the village was possibly Serai Gujran instead – a village once located near what is now Gujranwala's Khiyali Gate that was mentioned by several sources during the 18th-century invasion of [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Shah Abdali]].<ref name="Naz"/> |
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===Sikh=== |
===Sikh=== |
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In a 1774 battle waged in Jammu, Charat Singh of the Sukerchakia misl and Jhanda Singh of the powerful Bhangi misl, fighting on opposite sides, were both killed.<ref name="Gandhi, Rajmohan, author"/> Before his death, Charat Singh had become master of large and contiguous territories in the three doabs between the Indus and the Ravi. He was succeeded by his son [[Maha Singh]] who added to the lands that Charat Singh had not only captured but also capably administered.<ref name="Gandhi, Rajmohan, author"/> |
In a 1774 battle waged in Jammu, Charat Singh of the Sukerchakia misl and Jhanda Singh of the powerful Bhangi misl, fighting on opposite sides, were both killed.<ref name="Gandhi, Rajmohan, author"/> Before his death, Charat Singh had become master of large and contiguous territories in the three doabs between the Indus and the Ravi. He was succeeded by his son [[Maha Singh]] who added to the lands that Charat Singh had not only captured but also capably administered.<ref name="Gandhi, Rajmohan, author"/> |
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In the Gujranwala area in the 1770s, the Jat Chathas of Wazirabad and Rajput Bhattis of Hafizabad (Muslims in both cases) offered |
In the Gujranwala area in the 1770s, the Jat Chathas of Wazirabad and Rajput Bhattis of Hafizabad (Muslims in both cases) offered 'fierce resistance' to the Sukerchakias, whose attack was aided by Sahib Singh of the Bhangi misl.<ref name="Gandhi, Rajmohan, author"/> Describing the conflict, the (British) writer of the Gujranwala Gazetteer wrote that besieged for weeks in his fortress, Ghulam Muhammad Chatha eventually surrendered after Maha Singh assured him safe passage to Mecca, but the promise was 'basely broken' when Ghulam Muhammad was shot and his fortress razed to the ground.<ref name="Gandhi, Rajmohan, author"/> Rasoolnagar (Prophet's city) which belonged to the Chathas was renamed Ramnagar (Ram's city) to humiliate the Muslims.<ref name="Gandhi, Rajmohan, author"/> The Gazetteer noted that the treacherous killing of Chatha and his resistance was remembered 'in many a local ballad' in Gujranwala.<ref name="Gandhi, Rajmohan, author"/> The Bhattis of Hafizabad tehsil, who were Muslim Rajputs, did not cease their resistance to the Sukerchakias until 1801 when their leaders were killed and their possessions captured.<ref name="Gandhi, Rajmohan, author"/> Some Bhattis fled to Jhang.<ref name="Gandhi, Rajmohan, author"/> |
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[[Ranjit Singh]], Maha Singh's son and successor who would later go on to establish the [[Sikh Empire]], was born in 1780 in Gujranwala's Purani Mandi market.<ref name="TSA">{{cite news|last1=Minhas|first1=Salman|title=Gujranwala |
[[Ranjit Singh]], Maha Singh's son and successor who would later go on to establish the [[Sikh Empire]], was born in 1780 in Gujranwala's Purani Mandi market.<ref name="TSA">{{cite news|last1=Minhas|first1=Salman|title=Gujranwala – its people and tradition of light industry|url=http://www.the-south-asian.com/feb2004/gujranwala_.htm|access-date=22 December 2017|agency=The South Asian|date=2004}}</ref> Ranjit Singh maintained Gujranwala as his capital initially after rising to power in 1792. His most famous military commander [[Hari Singh Nalwa]], who was also from Gujranwala, built a high mud wall around Gujranwala during this era and established the city's new grid street-plan that exists until the present day.<ref name="Naz" /> Gujranwala remained Ranjit Singh's capital until he captured [[Lahore]] from the Durrani Afghans in 1799, at which point the capital was moved there, leading to the relative decline of Gujranwala in favour of Lahore.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Gujranwala|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Gujranwala|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=21 December 2017}}</ref>[[Jind Kaur]], the last queen of Ranjit Singh and mother of [[Duleep Singh]], was born in Gujranwala in 1817.<ref name="bansal">{{cite book|last1=Bansal|first1=Bobby|title=Remnants of the Sikh Empire: Historical Sikh Monuments in India & Pakistan|date=2015|publisher=Hay House, Inc|isbn=978-9384544935}}</ref> |
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By 1839, the city's bazaars were home to an estimated 500 shops, while the city had been surrounded by a number of pleasure gardens, including one established by Hari Nalwa Singh that was famous for its vast array of exotic plants.<ref name="Naz"/> |
By 1839, the city's bazaars were home to an estimated 500 shops, while the city had been surrounded by a number of pleasure gardens, including one established by Hari Nalwa Singh that was famous for its vast array of exotic plants.<ref name="Naz"/> |
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===British=== |
===British=== |
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[[File:Clock Tower, Hafizabad road side, Gujranwala.jpg|thumb|upright|Estcourt Clock Tower, commonly known as Ghanta Ghar, |
[[File:Clock Tower, Hafizabad road side, Gujranwala.jpg|thumb|upright|Estcourt Clock Tower, commonly known as Ghanta Ghar, was built in 1906.]] |
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[[File:Gujranwala Railway Station..JPG|thumb|Gujranwala's rail station dates from the British era.]] |
[[File:Gujranwala Railway Station..JPG|thumb|Gujranwala's rail station dates from the British era.]] |
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The area was captured by the [[British Raj|British Empire]] in 1848, and rapidly developed thereafter.<ref name="Naz"/> Gujranwala was incorporated as a municipality in 1867,<ref>{{cite book|title=Reports on the Administration of the Punjab|date=1872|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HpgIAAAAQAAJ&q=gujranwala+1867&pg=PR19|access-date=21 December 2017}}</ref> and the city's Brandreth, Khiyali, and Lahori Gates built atop the site of Sikh-era gates were completed in 1869.<ref name="Naz"/> A new clocktower was built in central Gujranwala to mark the city's centre in 1906. |
The area was captured by the [[British Raj|British Empire]] in 1848, and rapidly developed thereafter.<ref name="Naz"/> Gujranwala was incorporated as a municipality in 1867,<ref>{{cite book|title=Reports on the Administration of the Punjab|date=1872|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HpgIAAAAQAAJ&q=gujranwala+1867&pg=PR19|access-date=21 December 2017}}</ref> and the city's Brandreth, Khiyali, and Lahori Gates built atop the site of Sikh-era gates were completed in 1869.<ref name="Naz"/> A new clocktower was built in central Gujranwala to mark the city's centre in 1906. |
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[[Christian mission]]aries were brought to the region during British colonial rule, and Gujranwala became home to numerous churches and schools.<ref name="Naz"/> The city's first [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian Church]] was established in 1875 in the Civil Lines area |
[[Christian mission]]aries were brought to the region during British colonial rule, and Gujranwala became home to numerous churches and schools.<ref name="Naz"/> The city's first [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian Church]] was established in 1875 in the Civil Lines area – a settlement built one mile north of the old city to house Gujranwala's European population. A theological seminary was established in 1877, and a Christian technical school in 1900.<ref name="Naz"/> |
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The [[Pakistan Railways|North-Western Railway]] connected Gujranwala with other cities in British India by rail in 1881.<ref name="IGI"/> The major Sikh higher learning institution, [[Gujranwala Guru Nanak Khalsa College]], was founded in Gujranwala in 1889, though it later shifted to [[Ludhiana]].<ref name="Naz"/> The nearby [[Khanki Headworks]] were completed in 1892 under British rule, and helped irrigate 3 million acres in the province. Gujranwala's population, according to the 1901 census of British India, was 29,224.<ref name="IGI"/> The city continued to grow rapidly for the remainder of British rule. |
The [[Pakistan Railways|North-Western Railway]] connected Gujranwala with other cities in British India by rail in 1881.<ref name="IGI"/> The major Sikh higher learning institution, [[Gujranwala Guru Nanak Khalsa College]], was founded in Gujranwala in 1889, though it later shifted to [[Ludhiana]].<ref name="Naz"/> The nearby [[Khanki Headworks]] were completed in 1892 under British rule, and helped irrigate 3 million acres in the province. Gujranwala's population, according to the 1901 census of British India, was 29,224.<ref name="IGI"/> The city continued to grow rapidly for the remainder of British rule. |
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===Partition=== |
===Partition=== |
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[[File:Tomb of Maha Singh or Mahan Singh.jpg|thumb|upright|Tomb of Maha Singh, ruler of the Sukerchakia Misl and father of Ranjit Singh.]] |
[[File:Tomb of Maha Singh or Mahan Singh.jpg|thumb|upright|Tomb of Maha Singh, ruler of the Sukerchakia Misl and father of Ranjit Singh.]] |
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Following the Independence of [[Pakistan]] and the aftermath of the [[Partition of British India]] in 1947, Gujranwala was the site of some of the worst rioting in Punjab.<ref name="Naz"/><ref name="ilyas"/> Large swathes of Hindu and Sikh localities were attacked or destroyed.<ref name="Naz"/><ref name="ilyas">{{cite book|last1=Chattha|first1=Ilyas|title=Partition and Locality: Violence, Migration, and Development in Gujranwala and Sialkot, 1947-1961|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi}}</ref> Rioters in the city gained notoriety for attacks, with the city's [[ |
Following the Independence of [[Pakistan]] and the aftermath of the [[Partition of British India]] in 1947, Gujranwala was the site of some of the worst rioting in Punjab.<ref name="Naz"/><ref name="ilyas"/> Large swathes of Hindu and Sikh localities were attacked or destroyed.<ref name="Naz"/><ref name="ilyas">{{cite book|last1=Chattha|first1=Ilyas|title=Partition and Locality: Violence, Migration, and Development in Gujranwala and Sialkot, 1947-1961|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Karachi}}</ref> Rioters in the city gained notoriety for attacks, with the city's [[Lohar (caste)|Muslim Lohar]] (blacksmiths) particularly carrying out brutal attacks.<ref name="ilyas"/> In retaliation for attacks against a trainload of refugees by Sikh rioters at [[Amritsar railway station]] on 22 September that resulted in the deaths of 3,000 Muslims over the course of three hours,<ref name="ilyas"/><ref name="AAP"/> rioters from Gujranwala attacked a trainload of Hindus and Sikhs fleeing towards India on 23 September,<ref name="ilyas"/> killing 340 refugees in the nearby town of [[Kamoke]].<ref name="AAP">{{cite news|title=3,000 Dead in Indian Train Massacre|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/36001501|access-date=22 December 2017|agency=Australian Associated Press|date=26 September 1947}}</ref> Partition riots in Gujranwala resulted in systematic violence against the city's minorities,<ref name="ilyas"/> and may constitute an act of [[ethnic cleansing]] by modern standards.<ref name="ilyas"/> Gujranwala became home to Muslim refugees who were fleeing from the widespread anti-Muslim pogroms that depopulated eastern Punjab in India of almost its entire Muslim population.<ref name="ilyas"/> Refugees in Gujranwala were mainly those who had fled from the cities of [[Amritsar]], [[Patiala]], and [[Ludhiana]] in what had become the Indian state of [[East Punjab]].<ref name="Naz"/> |
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===Modern=== |
===Modern=== |
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The influx of Muslim refugees into Gujranwala drastically altered the city's form. By March 1948, over 300,000 refugees had been resettled in Gujranwala District.<ref name="Chattha">{{cite web|last1=Chattha|first1=Ilyas Ahmad|title=Partition and Its Aftermath: Violence, Migration and the Role of Refugees in the Socio-Economic Development of Gujranwala and Sialkot Cities, 1947-1961|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366712/1/Ilyas%2520PhD-E-Thesis.pdf|publisher=University of Southampton|access-date=24 December 2017|date=September 2009}}</ref> Many refugees found post-Partition Gujranwala lacking in opportunities, causing some to move south to Karachi.<ref name="Chattha"/> The refugee population mostly settled in localities that were mostly non-Muslim, like Gobindgarh, Baghbanpura and [[Nanakpura]].<ref name="Chattha"/> |
The influx of Muslim refugees into Gujranwala drastically altered the city's form. By March 1948, over 300,000 refugees had been resettled in Gujranwala District.<ref name="Chattha">{{cite web|last1=Chattha|first1=Ilyas Ahmad|title=Partition and Its Aftermath: Violence, Migration and the Role of Refugees in the Socio-Economic Development of Gujranwala and Sialkot Cities, 1947-1961|url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366712/1/Ilyas%2520PhD-E-Thesis.pdf|publisher=University of Southampton|access-date=24 December 2017|date=September 2009}}</ref> Many refugees found post-Partition Gujranwala lacking in opportunities, causing some to move south to Karachi.<ref name="Chattha"/> The refugee population mostly settled in localities that were mostly non-Muslim, like Gobindgarh, Baghbanpura and [[Nanakpura]].<ref name="Chattha"/> |
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Suburban districts were rapidly laid, including Satellite Town in 1950, which was designed mostly to house wealthy and upper-middle-class refugees.<ref name="Chattha"/> D-Colony was built in 1956 for poorer Kashmiri refugees,<ref name="Chattha"/> and Model Town in the 1960s.<ref name="Naz"/> The city experienced strong industrial growth during this period. In 1947, there were only 39 registered factories |
Suburban districts were rapidly laid, including Satellite Town in 1950, which was designed mostly to house wealthy and upper-middle-class refugees.<ref name="Chattha"/> D-Colony was built in 1956 for poorer Kashmiri refugees,<ref name="Chattha"/> and Model Town in the 1960s.<ref name="Naz"/> The city experienced strong industrial growth during this period. In 1947, there were only 39 registered factories – a number which rose to 225 by 1961.<ref name="Chattha"/> The city's colonial-era metal-working industry continued to grow, while the city became a centre of hosiery manufacturing that was run by refugees from Ludhiana.<ref name="Chattha"/> The city's jewellery-trade had been run by Hindus but came under the control of refugees from Patiala.<ref name="Chattha"/> |
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Gujranwala's economy continued to grow into the 1970s and 1980s.<ref name="Naz"/> New development continues, such as the opening of a 5,774-foot long flyover that functions as an elevated urban expressway,<ref name="Naz"/> as well as the nearby [[Sialkot International Airport]] which serves the entire Golden Triangle region, and is Pakistan's first privately owned commercial airport.<ref name=economist>{{cite news|title=Pakistan's business climate If you want it done right|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21709344-how-small-pakistani-city-became-world-class-manufacturing-hub-if-you-want-it-done-right|access-date=2 June 2017|agency=The Economist|date=27 October 2017}}</ref> Institutions of higher learning have also been established in the city since independence. The [[Sialkot-Lahore Motorway]], opened in 2020, passes near Gujranwala. |
Gujranwala's economy continued to grow into the 1970s and 1980s.<ref name="Naz"/> New development continues, such as the opening of a 5,774-foot long flyover that functions as an elevated urban expressway,<ref name="Naz"/> as well as the nearby [[Sialkot International Airport]] which serves the entire Golden Triangle region, and is Pakistan's first privately owned commercial airport.<ref name=economist>{{cite news|title=Pakistan's business climate If you want it done right|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21709344-how-small-pakistani-city-became-world-class-manufacturing-hub-if-you-want-it-done-right|access-date=2 June 2017|agency=The Economist|date=27 October 2017}}</ref> Institutions of higher learning have also been established in the city since independence. The [[Sialkot-Lahore Motorway]], opened in 2020, passes near Gujranwala. |
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Line 127: | Line 147: | ||
[[File:Punjabdoabs1.jpg|thumb|Gujranwala is in the [[Rechna Doab]] region of Punjab, marked in grey.]] |
[[File:Punjabdoabs1.jpg|thumb|Gujranwala is in the [[Rechna Doab]] region of Punjab, marked in grey.]] |
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Gujranwala is 226 metres (744 ft) above sea level, sharing borders with [[Ghakhar Mandi]] and several towns and villages. About {{convert|80|km}} south is the provincial capital, [[Lahore]]. [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujrat |
Gujranwala is 226 metres (744 ft) above sea level, sharing borders with [[Ghakhar Mandi]] and several towns and villages. About {{convert|80|km}} south is the provincial capital, [[Lahore]]. [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujrat, Pakistan|Gujrat]] lie to its north. Gujrat connects Gujranwala with [[Bhimber]], [[Azad Kashmir]], and Sialkot connects it with Jammu. About {{convert|160|km}} southwest is [[Faisalabad]]. To its west are Hafizabad and Pindi Bhattian, which connect Gujranwala to [[Jhang]], [[Chiniot]] and [[Sargodha]]. |
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===Climate=== |
===Climate=== |
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Line 197: | Line 217: | ||
[[File:Sialkoti Gate ( Brandreth Gate ).jpg|thumb|Brandreth Gate in old Gujranwala.]] |
[[File:Sialkoti Gate ( Brandreth Gate ).jpg|thumb|Brandreth Gate in old Gujranwala.]] |
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[[File:House no3 Civil lines area internal street, Gujranwala..jpg|thumb|upright|The Civil Lines neighbourhood has many buildings that date from the British colonial era.]] |
[[File:House no3 Civil lines area internal street, Gujranwala..jpg|thumb|upright|The Civil Lines neighbourhood has many buildings that date from the British colonial era.]] |
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[[File:Wall Painting unknown Sikh era architecture Parao road, Gujranwala..jpg|thumb|Painting of [[Vijayanandsuri|Acharya Atmanand ji]] Samadhi, Gujranwala]] |
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Gujranwala's oldest precincts were laid according to the new city plan devised by [[Hari Singh Nalwa]], following Ranjit Singh's establishment of Gujranwala as his capital in 1792. A street plan based mostly on a grid plan was implemented, with bazaars intersecting one another at 90-degree angles. Some of the blocks are rectangular in shape, resulting in a polygonal shaped old city. This old city was then enclosed by a high mud wall with gates and a fort that was built immediately north of the old city. The city's Sheranwala Bagh was also expanded under Hari Singh Nalwa's direction.<ref name="Naz" /> |
Gujranwala's oldest precincts were laid according to the new city plan devised by [[Hari Singh Nalwa]], following Ranjit Singh's establishment of Gujranwala as his capital in 1792. A street plan based mostly on a grid plan was implemented, with bazaars intersecting one another at 90-degree angles. Some of the blocks are rectangular in shape, resulting in a polygonal shaped old city. This old city was then enclosed by a high mud wall with gates and a fort that was built immediately north of the old city. The city's Sheranwala Bagh was also expanded under Hari Singh Nalwa's direction.<ref name="Naz" /> |
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Gujranwala's old city is centred on the ''Shahi'' (Royal) Bazaar. The old city is home to many of the city's pre-Partition houses of worship for Hindus and Sikhs. The Hindu Devi Talab temple was once famous for its large water-tank, and remains in good condition despite being used as a residence for a family who fled [[Patiala]].<ref name="zrj">{{cite journal|last1=Jatt|first1=Zahida Rehman|title=Exploring Tourism Opportunities: Documentation of the Use of Spaces of the Pre- Partitioned Temples and Gurudwaras in Punjab, Pakistan|journal=Chitrolekha International Magazine on Art and Design|date=December 2015|volume=5|issue=2|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313797955|access-date=22 December 2017|issn=2231-4822}}</ref> The Sikh [[Gurdwara]] Damdama Sahib is located near the Devi Talab Temple, is important in Sikhism for its association with Baba Sahib Singh Bedi, a Sikh saint.<ref name="zrj" /> An old gurdwara is also located near the Chashma Chowk intersection near Shahi Bazaar.<ref name="zrj" /> |
Gujranwala's old city is centred on the ''Shahi'' (Royal) Bazaar. The old city is home to many of the city's pre-Partition houses of worship for Hindus and Sikhs. The Hindu Devi Talab temple was once famous for its large water-tank, and remains in good condition despite being used as a residence for a family who fled [[Patiala]].<ref name="zrj">{{cite journal|last1=Jatt|first1=Zahida Rehman|title=Exploring Tourism Opportunities: Documentation of the Use of Spaces of the Pre- Partitioned Temples and Gurudwaras in Punjab, Pakistan|journal=Chitrolekha International Magazine on Art and Design|date=December 2015|volume=5|issue=2|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313797955|access-date=22 December 2017|issn=2231-4822}}</ref> The Sikh [[Gurdwara]] Damdama Sahib is located near the Devi Talab Temple, is important in Sikhism for its association with Baba Sahib Singh Bedi, a Sikh saint.<ref name="zrj" /> An old gurdwara is also located near the Chashma Chowk intersection near Shahi Bazaar.<ref name="zrj" /> |
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Gujranwala was also home to a Jain community, called [[Bhabra]] in Punjab. In the heart of the town, Lala Mubdas Jain Mandir is present. The [[samadhi]] of Jain Acharya Atmaramji (also known as Acharya [[Vijayanandsuri]], who died on 20 May 1896.<ref>[https://dailytimes.com.pk/402564/the-legend-of-atmaram-jis-samadhi/ The legend of Atmaram Ji’s Samadhi, Tania Qureshi, Daily Times, MAY 28, 2019]</ref> The samadhi, now being restored, was visited by Jain Acharya Dharmadhurandar Suri in on 28 May 2023, along with other Jain munis and lay Jains after a gap to more than 75 years.<ref>[https://palisirohionline.in/2023/05/28/dharm-dhulandhr-jain-santh/ पूजनीय आत्म वल्लभजी के गुरुदेव आत्मारामजी समाधि धाम में जैनाचार्य पूजनीय धर्मधुरंधर जी मा.सा का आगमन, PALI SIROHI ONLINE, Nagendra Agrawal, May 28, 2023]</ref> |
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Gujranwala grew rapidly following British rule, and connection of the city to the railways of British India. The city grew outside of the city's walls, requiring new bazaars to be laid, which were done in a radial plan centred on the old city.<ref name="Naz" /> Some historic structures like the [[Haveli]] of Sardar Mahan Singh were torn down by the British and replaced with other structures. The city's Brandreth, Lahori, and Khiyali Gates were built atop the city's demolished original gates, while Mahan Singh's haveli was transformed into a public square named Ranjit Ganj.<ref name="Naz" /> The city's boundaries remained mostly west of the railways' line prior to 1947.<ref name="Naz" /> |
Gujranwala grew rapidly following British rule, and connection of the city to the railways of British India. The city grew outside of the city's walls, requiring new bazaars to be laid, which were done in a radial plan centred on the old city.<ref name="Naz" /> Some historic structures like the [[Haveli]] of Sardar Mahan Singh were torn down by the British and replaced with other structures. The city's Brandreth, Lahori, and Khiyali Gates were built atop the city's demolished original gates, while Mahan Singh's haveli was transformed into a public square named Ranjit Ganj.<ref name="Naz" /> The city's boundaries remained mostly west of the railways' line prior to 1947.<ref name="Naz" /> |
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The Civil Lines neighbourhood was built for European residents approximately one mile north of the old city. The area was characterized by bungalows, large and verdant lawns, and shady tree-lined avenues.<ref name="Naz" /> |
The Civil Lines neighbourhood was built for European residents approximately one mile north of the old city. The area was characterized by bungalows, large and verdant lawns, and shady tree-lined avenues.<ref name="Naz" /> Civil Lines is where the city's Presbyterian Church was built in 1875, while the city's Theological Seminary was established here in 1877. The Christian Technical Training Center followed suit in 1900.<ref name="Naz" /> The city's elite Hindus and Sikhs eventually also settled in small numbers in Civil Lines.<ref name="Naz" /> Several of their mansions still remain in the area including those of Charan Singh, Banarsi Shah, as well as other buildings such as Islamia College and Khurshid Manzil.<ref name="Naz" /> |
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Growth occurred mostly in areas northwest and southeast of the city immediately after independence until 1965 along routes emanating from old Gujranwala. Satellite Town was established on the southwest side in 1950. Areas northeast and southwest of the city were the sites of most growth between 1965 and 1985. The growth grows outwards mostly evenly after 1985 until the present time.<ref name="Naz" /> Much of the growth has been unplanned due to poor enforcement of development guidelines and lax enforcement of property laws.<ref name="Naz" /> |
Growth occurred mostly in areas northwest and southeast of the city immediately after independence until 1965 along routes emanating from old Gujranwala. Satellite Town was established on the southwest side in 1950. Areas northeast and southwest of the city were the sites of most growth between 1965 and 1985. The growth grows outwards mostly evenly after 1985 until the present time.<ref name="Naz" /> Much of the growth has been unplanned due to poor enforcement of development guidelines and lax enforcement of property laws.<ref name="Naz" /> |
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Line 228: | Line 251: | ||
| source = https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/gujranwala-population |
| source = https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/gujranwala-population |
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}} |
}} |
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<div style="overflow-x:auto; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding-left: 0.1em; padding-right: 0.1em"> |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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|+ Religious groups in Gujranwala City (1881−2023){{efn|1881-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Template, which included Gujranwala Municipality, Gujranwala Cantonment, and Gujranwala Civil Lines.<ref name="Census1941"/>{{rp|32}}<br><br>2017-2023: Combined urban populations of Gujranwala City Tehsil and Gujranwala Saddar Tehsil. |name="GujranwalaCity1881to2017"}} |
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! rowspan="2" |[[Religion in Pakistan|Religious]]<br>group |
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! colspan="2" |1881<ref name="Census1881">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057656 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057656 |access-date=31 March 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. I. |year=1881 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057657 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057657 |access-date=31 March 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. II. |year=1881 |pages=520 }}</ref><ref name="Census1881C">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25057658 |jstor=saoa.crl.25057658 |access-date=31 March 2024 |title=Census of India, 1881 Report on the Census of the Panjáb Taken on the 17th of February 1881, vol. III. |year=1881 |pages=250 }}</ref> |
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! colspan="2" |1891<ref name="Census1891">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318666 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318666 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India, 1891. General tables for British provinces and feudatory states. |year=1891 |last1=Baines |first1=Jervoise Athelstane |author2=India Census Commissioner |volume=1 }}</ref>{{rp|68}}<ref name="Census1891B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25318669 |jstor=saoa.crl.25318669 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=The Punjab and its feudatories, part II--Imperial Tables and Supplementary Returns for the British Territory |year=1891 |last1=Edward Maclagan |first1=Sir |volume=2 }}</ref> |
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! colspan="2" |1901<ref name="Census1901">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25352838 |jstor=saoa.crl.25352838 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. Vol. 1A, India. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1901}}</ref>{{rp|44}}<ref name="Census1901B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25363739 |jstor=saoa.crl.25363739 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1901. [Vol. 17A]. Imperial tables, I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for the Punjab, with the native states under the political control of the Punjab Government, and for the North-west Frontier Province. |year=1901}}</ref>{{rp|26}} |
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! colspan="2" |1911<ref name="Census1911">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393779 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393779 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India, 1911. Vol. 1., Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911 |last1=Edward Albert Gait |first1=Sir |author2=India Census Commissioner |volume=2 |publisher=Calcutta, Supt. Govt. Print., India, 1913. }}</ref>{{rp|23}}<ref name="Census1911B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25393788 |jstor=saoa.crl.25393788 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1911. Vol. 14, Punjab. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1911}}</ref>{{rp|19}} |
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! colspan="2" |1921<ref name="Census1921">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394121 |jstor=saoa.crl.25394121 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 1, India. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921}}</ref>{{rp|25}}<ref name="Census1921B">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430165 |jstor=saoa.crl.25430165 |access-date=9 January 2024 |title=Census of India 1921. Vol. 15, Punjab and Delhi. Pt. 2, Tables. |year=1921}}</ref>{{rp|21}} |
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! colspan="2" |1931<ref name="Census1931">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/SAOA/SouthAsiaOpenArchivesSAOA/CensusReports-1931-26575928/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1931 VOLUME XVII PUNJAB PART II TABLES|access-date=9 January 2024}}</ref>{{rp|26}} |
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! colspan="2" |1941<ref name="Census1941">{{cite web|url=https://www.jstor.org/site/south-asia-open-archives/saoa/censusofindia1941-28216851/|title=CENSUS OF INDIA, 1941 VOLUME VI PUNJAB|access-date=9 January 2024}}</ref>{{rp|32}} |
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! colspan="2" |2017<ref name="Census2017B">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/final-results-census-2017|title=Final Results (Census-2017)|access-date=27 January 2023}}</ref> |
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! colspan="2" |2023<ref name="Census2023B">{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/digital-census/detailed-results|title=7th Population and Housing Census - Detailed Results Table-9 Population by sex, religion and rural/urban|website=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics|access-date=6 August 2024}}</ref> |
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|- |
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![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]] |
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!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} |
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!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} |
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!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} |
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!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} |
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!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} |
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!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} |
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!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} |
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!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} |
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!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} |
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!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} |
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!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} |
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!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} |
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!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} |
|||
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} |
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!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} |
|||
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}} |
|||
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Islam]] [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px]] |
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| 11,820 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 11820 | 22884 | 2 }} |
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| 14,049 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 14049 | 26785 | 2 }} |
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| 15,525 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 15525 | 29224 | 2 }} |
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| 16,398 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 16398 | 29472 | 2 }} |
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| 20,622 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 20622 | 37887 | 2 }} |
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| 33,241 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 33241 | 58716 | 2 }} |
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| 45,904 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 45904 | 84545 | 2 }} |
|||
| 2,272,402 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 2272402 | 2351214 | 2 }} |
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| 2,762,265 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 2762265 | 2854131 | 2 }} |
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|- |
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| [[Hinduism]] [[File:Om.svg|15px]]{{efn|name=ad-dharmi|1931-1941: Including [[Ad-Dharmi]]s}} |
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| 9,114 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 9114 | 22884 | 2 }} |
|||
| 9,909 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 9909 | 26785 | 2 }} |
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| 10,390 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 10390 | 29224 | 2 }} |
|||
| 8,547 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 8547 | 29472 | 2 }} |
|||
| 11,669 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 11669 | 37887 | 2 }} |
|||
| 16,958 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 16958 | 58716 | 2 }} |
|||
| 24,378 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 24378 | 84545 | 2 }} |
|||
| 104 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 104 | 2351214 | 2 }} |
|||
| 482 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 482 | 2854131 | 2 }} |
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|- |
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| [[Sikhism]] [[File:Khanda.svg|15px]] |
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| 1,396 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 1396 | 22884 | 2 }} |
|||
| 2,020 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 2020 | 26785 | 2 }} |
|||
| 2,181 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 2181 | 29224 | 2 }} |
|||
| 3,200 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 3200 | 29472 | 2 }} |
|||
| 3,571 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 3571 | 37887 | 2 }} |
|||
| 5,879 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 5879 | 58716 | 2 }} |
|||
| 11,016 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 11016 | 84545 | 2 }} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| 87 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 87 | 2854131 | 2 }} |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Jainism]] [[File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg|15px]] |
|||
| 413 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 413 | 22884 | 2 }} |
|||
| 522 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 522 | 26785 | 2 }} |
|||
| 700 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 700 | 29224 | 2 }} |
|||
| 713 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 713 | 29472 | 2 }} |
|||
| 683 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 683 | 37887 | 2 }} |
|||
| 978 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 978 | 58716 | 2 }} |
|||
| 1,343 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 1343 | 84545 | 2 }} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Christianity]] [[File:Christian cross.svg|15px]] |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| 284 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 284 | 26785 | 2 }} |
|||
| 428 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 428 | 29224 | 2 }} |
|||
| 614 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 614 | 29472 | 2 }} |
|||
| 1,342 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 1342 | 37887 | 2 }} |
|||
| 1,660 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 1660 | 58716 | 2 }} |
|||
| 1,893 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 1893 | 84545 | 2 }} |
|||
| 76,598 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 76598 | 2351214 | 2 }} |
|||
| 89,897 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 89897 | 2854131 | 2 }} |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Zoroastrianism]] [[File:Faravahar.svg|15px]] |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 26785 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 29224 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 29472 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 37887 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 58716 | 2 }} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| 3 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 3 | 2854131 | 2 }} |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Judaism]] [[File:Star_of_David.svg|15px]] |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 26785 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 29224 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 29472 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 37887 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 58716 | 2 }} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Buddhism]] [[File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg|15px]] |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 26785 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 29224 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 29472 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 37887 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 58716 | 2 }} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| [[Ahmadiyya]] [[File:Liwa-e-Ahmadiyya_1-2.svg|15px]] |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| {{N/a}} |
|||
| 1,901 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 1901 | 2351214 | 2 }} |
|||
| 1,275 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 1275 | 2854131 | 2 }} |
|||
|- |
|||
| Others |
|||
| 141 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 141 | 22884 | 2 }} |
|||
| 1 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 1 | 26785 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 29224 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 29472 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 37887 | 2 }} |
|||
| 0 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 0 | 58716 | 2 }} |
|||
| 11 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 11 | 84545 | 2 }} |
|||
| 209 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 209 | 2351214 | 2 }} |
|||
| 122 |
|||
| {{Percentage | 122 | 2854131 | 2 }} |
|||
|- |
|||
! Total population |
|||
! 22,884 |
|||
! {{Percentage | 22884 | 22884 | 2 }} |
|||
! 26,785 |
|||
! {{Percentage | 26785 | 26785 | 2 }} |
|||
! 29,224 |
|||
! {{Percentage | 29224 | 29224 | 2 }} |
|||
! 29,472 |
|||
! {{Percentage | 29472 | 29472 | 2 }} |
|||
! 37,887 |
|||
! {{Percentage | 37887 | 37887 | 2 }} |
|||
! 58,716 |
|||
! {{Percentage | 58716 | 58716 | 2 }} |
|||
! 84,545 |
|||
! {{Percentage | 84545 | 84545 | 2 }} |
|||
! 2,351,214 |
|||
! {{Percentage | 2351214 | 2351214 | 2 }} |
|||
! 2,854,131 |
|||
! {{Percentage | 2854131 | 2854131 | 2 }} |
|||
|} |
|||
</div> |
|||
==Economy== |
==Economy== |
||
[[File:Gujranwala Tools Dies and Moulds Centre.jpg|thumb|Gujranwala is home to a wide variety of industries.]] |
[[File:Gujranwala Tools Dies and Moulds Centre.jpg|thumb|Gujranwala is home to a wide variety of industries.]] |
||
Gujranwala is the Pakistan's third largest centre of industrial production, after [[Karachi]] and [[Faisalabad]]. Gujranwala, along with the nearby industrial cities of [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujrat City]], form what is sometimes referred to as the Golden Triangle in reference to their relative prosperity and export-oriented industrial base.<ref name="Naz">{{cite |
Gujranwala is the Pakistan's third largest centre of industrial production, after [[Karachi]] and [[Faisalabad]]. Gujranwala, along with the nearby industrial cities of [[Sialkot]] and [[Gujrat City]], form what is sometimes referred to as the Golden Triangle in reference to their relative prosperity and export-oriented industrial base.<ref name="Naz">{{cite web|last1=Naz|first1=Neelum|title=Historical Perspective of Urban Development of Gujranwala|url=https://www.academia.edu/9127199|publisher=Dept. of Architecture, UET, Lahore|access-date=22 December 2017}}</ref> The city's industries employ up to 500,000 people,<ref>{{cite news|title=Gujranwala's role in national economy|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/206246|access-date=23 December 2017|newspaper=Dawn|location=Pakistan|date=17 August 2006}}</ref> while the city's GDP makes up 5% of Pakistan's overall economy.<ref name=PAAG>{{cite web|title=Punjab at a Glance|url=http://www.pbit.gop.pk/punjab_at_glance|website=Punjab Board of Investment and Trade|publisher=Government of Punjab|access-date=23 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416133204/http://www.pbit.gop.pk/punjab_at_glance|archive-date=16 April 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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An estimated 6,500 small and medium enterprises,<ref name="GBC"/> 25,000 cottage units, and some large factories, are located in and around the city as of 2002<ref name="Chattha"/> -and are engaged in the manufacture of a wide variety of goods.<ref name="dawn.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1143243|title=Industry profile of Gujranwala|first=Nasir|last=Jamal|date=10 November 2014| |
An estimated 6,500 small and medium enterprises,<ref name="GBC"/> 25,000 cottage units, and some large factories, are located in and around the city as of 2002<ref name="Chattha"/> -and are engaged in the manufacture of a wide variety of goods.<ref name="dawn.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1143243|title=Industry profile of Gujranwala|first=Nasir|last=Jamal|date=10 November 2014|newspaper=Dawn|location=Pakistan}}</ref><ref name="gbc.org.pk">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gbc.org.pk/|title=Gujranwala Business Centre|website=Gujranwala Business Centre}}</ref> The city is the centre for manufacture and export of sanitary fittings and wares in Pakistan, with over 200 producers based in Gujranwala.<ref name="GBC"/><ref name="TSA"/> More than 60 producers of auto parts are found in the city.<ref name="GBC">{{cite web|title=Gujranwala Business Centre|url=http://www.gbc.org.pk/index.php/sectors/auto-parts/|publisher=Govt of Punjab|access-date=22 December 2017|archive-date=23 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223062518/http://www.gbc.org.pk/index.php/sectors/auto-parts/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city is well known as a centre for manufacturing electric fans – with 150 small and medium enterprises in Gujranwala tied to the electric fan industry.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fans|url=http://trtapakistan.org/sector-products/industrial-products/fan/|website=TRTA Pakistan|date=26 November 2010|access-date=24 December 2017}}</ref> The city is Pakistan's third largest centre for iron and steel manufacturing – reflecting Gujranwala's historic association with metalworking since the migration of the Lohar clan of blacksmiths to the city during the colonial era.<ref name="Chattha"/> The city has been a centre of hosiery-manfuacture since the migration of refugees primarily from Ludhiana in 1947.<ref name="Chattha"/> |
||
Textiles, apparel, yarn, and other textile goods are also produced in Gujranwala.<ref name="TSA"/> Other manufacturing based in the city include rice, plastic, cutlery, coolers and heaters, agricultural tools and equipment, carpets, glass goods, surgical equipment, leather products, and machinery for military uses, domestic appliances, motorcycles, and food products.<ref name="Naz"/> The rural regions surrounding Gujranwala are heavily engaged in the production of wheat and are yield more wheat per acre than the national average.<ref name=sbp>{{cite web|title=Agricultural Survey of Gujranwala|url=http://www.sbp.org.pk/sbp_bsc/BSC/DFSD/AgriSurveyGujranwala.pdf|publisher=State Bank of Pakistan|access-date=22 December 2017|date=2008}}</ref> Gujranwala District is also the most productive region for rice-growing in Punjab.<ref name=sbp/> |
Textiles, apparel, yarn, and other textile goods are also produced in Gujranwala.<ref name="TSA"/> Other manufacturing based in the city include rice, plastic, cutlery, coolers and heaters, agricultural tools and equipment, carpets, glass goods, surgical equipment, leather products, and machinery for military uses, domestic appliances, motorcycles, and food products.<ref name="Naz"/> The rural regions surrounding Gujranwala are heavily engaged in the production of wheat and are yield more wheat per acre than the national average.<ref name=sbp>{{cite web|title=Agricultural Survey of Gujranwala|url=http://www.sbp.org.pk/sbp_bsc/BSC/DFSD/AgriSurveyGujranwala.pdf|publisher=State Bank of Pakistan|access-date=22 December 2017|date=2008}}</ref> Gujranwala District is also the most productive region for rice-growing in Punjab.<ref name=sbp/> |
||
In 2010, Gujranwala was rated number 6 out of Pakistan's top 13 cities in order of ease of doing business by the [[World Bank]], and was ranked the second-best in Pakistan for construction permits.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ease of Doing Business in Gujranwala |
In 2010, Gujranwala was rated number 6 out of Pakistan's top 13 cities in order of ease of doing business by the [[World Bank]], and was ranked the second-best in Pakistan for construction permits.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ease of Doing Business in Gujranwala – Pakistan|url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/pakistan/sub/gujranwala|publisher=World Bank|access-date=22 December 2017|date=2010}}</ref> Pakistan's electric shortages of the 2010s severely stymied the city's growth. Industrial units in the city suffered an average of 2872 hours per year in Gujranwala in 2012.<ref name="PGS">{{citation|author1=Planning & Development Department|title=PUNJAB GROWTH STRATEGY 2018 Accelerating Economic Growth and Improving Social Outcomes|publisher=Govt of Punjab|date=March 2015}}</ref> By the end of 2017, the supply of electricity had drastically improved with augmented electric generation as a result of new power-stations coming online.<ref>{{cite news|title=Govt announces zero loadshedding in parts of country|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1374430|access-date=24 December 2017|newspaper=Dawn|location=Pakistan|date=4 December 2017}}</ref> Improved supplies of electricity contributed to the country's double-digit rise in exports in the second half of 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Non-textile exports grew 13.6pc in July–October|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1372915|access-date=24 December 2017|newspaper=Dawn|location=Pakistan|date=26 November 2017}}</ref> |
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==Transportation== |
==Transportation== |
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Line 252: | Line 529: | ||
[[Gujranwala railway station]] serves as a stop along Pakistan's {{convert|1687|km|mi}}-long [[Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line|Main Line-1]] railway that connects the city to the port city of [[Karachi]] to [[Peshawar]]. |
[[Gujranwala railway station]] serves as a stop along Pakistan's {{convert|1687|km|mi}}-long [[Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line|Main Line-1]] railway that connects the city to the port city of [[Karachi]] to [[Peshawar]]. |
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The entire Main Line-1 railway track between Karachi and Peshawar is to be overhauled at a cost of $3.65 billion for the first phase of the project,<ref>"PURCHASE OF POWER: PAYMENTS TO CHINESE COMPANIES TO BE FACILITATED THROUGH REVOLVING FUND". Business Recorder. Retrieved 6 December 2015.</ref> with completion by 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan to get Chinese funds for upgrading rail links, building pipeline|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world/pakistan-to-get-chinese-funds-for-upgrading-rail-links-building-pipeline/story-pI5fBFrrL6tEuJRe0m3v2O.html|access-date=9 August 2016| |
The entire Main Line-1 railway track between Karachi and Peshawar is to be overhauled at a cost of $3.65 billion for the first phase of the project,<ref>"PURCHASE OF POWER: PAYMENTS TO CHINESE COMPANIES TO BE FACILITATED THROUGH REVOLVING FUND". Business Recorder. Retrieved 6 December 2015.</ref> with completion by 2021.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan to get Chinese funds for upgrading rail links, building pipeline|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/world/pakistan-to-get-chinese-funds-for-upgrading-rail-links-building-pipeline/story-pI5fBFrrL6tEuJRe0m3v2O.html|access-date=9 August 2016|work=Hindustan Times|date=10 June 2016|quote=The project is planned to be completed in two phases in five years by 2021. The first phase will be completed by December 2017 and the second by 2021.}}</ref> Upgrading of the railway line will permit train travel at speeds of 160 kilometres per hour, versus the average 60 to 105 km per hour speed currently possible on existing track.<ref>{{cite news|title=Karachi-Peshawar railway line being upgraded under CPEC|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/national/22-Jan-2016/karachi-peshawar-railway-line-being-upgraded-under-cpec|access-date=10 February 2016|work=Daily Times|date=22 January 2016}}</ref> |
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===Air=== |
===Air=== |
||
Gujranwala has no airport of its own. The city is instead served by airports in nearby cities, including the [[Allama Iqbal International Airport]] in Lahore that offers non-stop flights to Europe, Canada, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. Gujranwala is also serviced by the nearby [[Sialkot International Airport]] |
Gujranwala has no airport of its own. The city is instead served by airports in nearby cities, including the [[Allama Iqbal International Airport]] in Lahore that offers non-stop flights to Europe, Canada, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. Gujranwala is also serviced by the nearby [[Sialkot International Airport]] – Pakistan's first privately owned commercial airport. Built-in 2007, the airport offers non-stop service to the Middle East, as well as domestic locations. |
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===Public transportation=== |
===Public transportation=== |
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Line 263: | Line 540: | ||
Gujranwala and its environs were amalgamated into a district in 1951. The Gujranwala Development Authority was established in 1989 to oversee economic and infrastructure development in the city. The city is currently administered by the City District Government Gujranwala (CDGG) and Gujranwala Metropolitan Corporation, while development is generally under the office of the Gujranwala Development Authority. In 2007, the city was re-classified as a city district with 7 constituent municipalities: Aroop, Kamonke, Khiali Shahpur, Nandipur, Nowshera Virkan, Qila Didar Singh, and Wazirabad Towns.<ref name="Naz"/> |
Gujranwala and its environs were amalgamated into a district in 1951. The Gujranwala Development Authority was established in 1989 to oversee economic and infrastructure development in the city. The city is currently administered by the City District Government Gujranwala (CDGG) and Gujranwala Metropolitan Corporation, while development is generally under the office of the Gujranwala Development Authority. In 2007, the city was re-classified as a city district with 7 constituent municipalities: Aroop, Kamonke, Khiali Shahpur, Nandipur, Nowshera Virkan, Qila Didar Singh, and Wazirabad Towns.<ref name="Naz"/> |
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In December 2019, Gujranwala Municipal Corporation was upgraded into Metropolitan Corporation under Punjab Local Government Act 2019.<ref name="dawn news 1524621">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1524621|title=Every fourth district in Punjab to have a metropolitan corporation|first=Iftikhar A.|last=Khan|date=27 December 2019| |
In December 2019, Gujranwala Municipal Corporation was upgraded into Metropolitan Corporation under Punjab Local Government Act 2019.<ref name="dawn news 1524621">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1524621|title=Every fourth district in Punjab to have a metropolitan corporation|first=Iftikhar A.|last=Khan|date=27 December 2019|newspaper=Dawn|location=Pakistan}}</ref> |
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==Education== |
==Education== |
||
[[File:University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus 1.jpg|thumb|alt=Long, two-story building with towerpunjab group of colleges|[[University of the Punjab, Gujranwala|University of Punjab, Gujranwala Campus]]]] |
[[File:University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus 1.jpg|thumb|alt=Long, two-story building with towerpunjab group of colleges|[[University of the Punjab, Gujranwala|University of Punjab, Gujranwala Campus]]]] |
||
Gujranwala city's adult literacy rate in 2008 was 73%,<ref>{{cite web|title=Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Punjab 2007-08|url=http://www.bos.gop.pk/system/files/MICS_2007-08_GWA.pdf|publisher=GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT BUREAU OF STATISTICS|access-date=23 December 2017|pages=36|date=March 2009|archive-date=17 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517105105/http://www.bos.gop.pk/system/files/MICS_2007-08_GWA.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> which rose to 87% in the 15–24 age group throughout Gujranwala District,<ref>{{cite web|title=Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Punjab 2007-08|url=http://www.bos.gop.pk/system/files/MICS_2007-08_GWA.pdf|publisher=GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT BUREAU OF STATISTICS|access-date=23 December 2017|pages=v|date=March 2009|archive-date=17 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517105105/http://www.bos.gop.pk/system/files/MICS_2007-08_GWA.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> including rural areas. The city is also home to the Gujranwala Theological Seminary which was established in [[Sialkot]] in 1877, and moved to Gujranwala in 1912.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.gtspk.org/|publisher=Gujranwala Theological Seminary|access-date=22 December 2017|archive-date=26 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126194246/http://www.gtspk.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Army Aviation School of the [[Pakistan Air Force]] was moved to Gujranwala in 1987 from [[Dhamial]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=274 |title=Army Aviation School |access-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222220144/https://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=274 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Many institutes are established for higher education such as: |
|||
[[File:Islamia College Gujranwala front.jpg|thumb|Islamia College]] |
|||
Gujranwala city's adult literacy rate in 2008 was 73%,<ref>{{cite web|title=Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Punjab 2007-08|url=http://www.bos.gop.pk/system/files/MICS_2007-08_GWA.pdf|publisher=GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT BUREAU OF STATISTICS|access-date=23 December 2017|pages=36|date=March 2009}}</ref> which rose to 87% in the 15–24 age group throughout Gujranwala District,<ref>{{cite web|title=Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Punjab 2007-08|url=http://www.bos.gop.pk/system/files/MICS_2007-08_GWA.pdf|publisher=GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT BUREAU OF STATISTICS|access-date=23 December 2017|pages=v|date=March 2009}}</ref> including rural areas. The city is also home to the Gujranwala Theological Seminary which was established in [[Sialkot]] in 1877, and moved to Gujranwala in 1912.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.gtspk.org/|publisher=Gujranwala Theological Seminary|access-date=22 December 2017|archive-date=26 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126194246/http://www.gtspk.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Army Aviation School of the [[Pakistan Air Force]] was moved to Gujranwala in 1987 from [[Dhamial]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=274 |title=Army Aviation School |access-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222220144/https://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/AWPReview/TextContent.aspx?pId=274 |archive-date=22 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Many institutes are established for higher education such as: |
|||
* [[University of Sargodha]], Gujranwala Campus |
* [[University of Sargodha]], Gujranwala Campus |
||
Line 276: | Line 552: | ||
==Sports== |
==Sports== |
||
Gujranwala has the multipurpose [[Jinnah Stadium, Gujranwala|Jinnah Stadium]], which has capacity of 20,000 spectators. It has hosted matches of the [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]] and [[1996 Cricket World Cup]]. |
Gujranwala has the multipurpose [[Jinnah Stadium, Gujranwala|Jinnah Stadium]], which has capacity of 20,000 spectators. It has hosted matches of the [[1987 Cricket World Cup|1987]] and [[1996 Cricket World Cup]]. |
||
==See also== |
==See also== |
||
Line 284: | Line 560: | ||
==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
{{notelist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Line 297: | Line 574: | ||
[[Category:Gujranwala| ]] |
[[Category:Gujranwala| ]] |
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[[Category:Former capital cities in India]] |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Gujranwala District]] |
[[Category:Cities and towns in Gujranwala District]] |
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[[Category:Populated places in Punjab, Pakistan]] |
[[Category:Populated places in Punjab, Pakistan]] |
Latest revision as of 07:40, 10 December 2024
Gujranwala
| |
---|---|
Nickname: City of Wrestlers[1] | |
Coordinates: 32°9′24″N 74°11′24″E / 32.15667°N 74.19000°E | |
Country | Pakistan |
Province | Punjab |
Division | Gujranwala |
District | Gujranwala |
Tehsil(s) | |
Autonomous towns | 7 |
Union councils | 19 |
Government | |
• Type | Metropolitan Corporation[2] |
• Deputy Commissioner | Saira Umer[3] |
• Deputy Mayor(s) | None (Vacant)[3] |
Area | |
• City | 240 km2 (90 sq mi) |
• Metro | 3,198 km2 (1,235 sq mi) |
Elevation | 231 m (758 ft) |
Population | |
• City | 2,511,118 |
• Rank | 4th, Punjab 5th, Pakistan |
• Density | 10,000/km2 (27,000/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+5 (PKT) |
Postal code | 52250 |
Area code | 055 |
Website | gujranwaladivision |
Gujranwala (Punjabi: گُجرانوالہ, pronounced [gʊˈd͡ʒɾãːʋaːɭaː]; Urdu: گوجرانوالہ, pronounced [ɡoːdʒᵊɾãːʋaːlaː]) is the fourth most-populous city in the Pakistani province of Punjab. Located in northern Punjab's Rachna Doab, it serves as the headquarters of the eponymous district and division. It is also known as "City of Wrestlers" and is quite famous for its food.[6] A metropolitan hub, it is the fifth-most populous in the country.
Founded in the 18th century, Gujranwala is a relatively modern town compared to the many nearby millennia-old cities of northern Punjab. The birthplace of Ranjit Singh, the city served as the capital of the Punjabi state of Sukerchakia Misl between 1763 and 1799; and of the Sikh Empire from 1799 to 1801, succeeded by Lahore.
Gujranwala is now Pakistan's third largest industrial centre after Karachi and Faisalabad,[7] and contributes 5% to 9% of Pakistan's national GDP.[8] The city is part of a network of large urban centres in north-east Punjab province that forms one of Pakistan's mostly highly industrialized regions.[9] Along with the nearby cities of Sialkot and Gujrat, Gujranwala forms part of the so-called "Golden Triangle" of industrial cities with export-oriented economies.[10][7]
Etymology
[edit]Gujranwala's name means "Abode of the Gujjars" in Punjabi, and was named after the Gujjar tribe that live in northern Punjab.[11][12] One local narrative suggests that the town was named after a Gujjar, Choudhry Gujjar, owner of the town's Persian wheel that supplied water to the town.[7] Evidence suggests, however, that the city derives its name from Serai Gujran (meaning "inn of Gujjars"), a village once located near what is now Gujranwala's Khiyali Gate.[7]
History
[edit]Founding
[edit]Gujranwala was founded by Gurjars in the eighteenth century[13] however the exact origins of Gujranwala are unclear. Unlike the ancient nearby cities of Sialkot and Lahore, Gujranwala is a relatively modern city. It may have been established as a village in the middle of the 16th century.[14] Locals traditionally believe that Gujranwala's original name was Khanpur Sansi, though recent scholarship suggests that the village was possibly Serai Gujran instead – a village once located near what is now Gujranwala's Khiyali Gate that was mentioned by several sources during the 18th-century invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali.[7]
Sikh
[edit]In 1707, with the death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, Mughal power began to rapidly weaken especially following Nader Shah's invasion in 1739 and then completely dissipated from the Punjab region due to the invasions of Ahmad Shah Abdali who raided Punjab many times between 1747 and 1772 causing much devastation and chaos.[15]
Abdali's control over the region began to weaken in the latter part of the 18th century with the rise of the Sikh Misls (independent chieftainships usually consisting of the chief's kinsmen) who overran Punjab.[15] Charat Singh, ruler of the Sukerchakia Misl, established himself in a fort which he had built in the area of Gujranwala between 1756 and 1758.[7]
Nuruddin, a Jammu-based Afghan (Pashtun) general, was ordered by Abdali to subdue the Sikhs but was driven back at Sialkot by Sikh soldiers led by Charat Singh.[15] In 1761, Khwaja Abed Khan, Abdali's governor in Lahore, tried to besiege Charat Singh's base in Gujranwala but the bid misfired. The Sikh misls rallied to his support by attacking Afghan officers wherever they were found.[15] A fleeing Abed Khan was pursued by Sikh contingents led by the Ahluwalia misl into Lahore, where he was killed.[15] Charat Singh made Gujranwala the capital of his misl in 1763.[7][16]
In a 1774 battle waged in Jammu, Charat Singh of the Sukerchakia misl and Jhanda Singh of the powerful Bhangi misl, fighting on opposite sides, were both killed.[15] Before his death, Charat Singh had become master of large and contiguous territories in the three doabs between the Indus and the Ravi. He was succeeded by his son Maha Singh who added to the lands that Charat Singh had not only captured but also capably administered.[15]
In the Gujranwala area in the 1770s, the Jat Chathas of Wazirabad and Rajput Bhattis of Hafizabad (Muslims in both cases) offered 'fierce resistance' to the Sukerchakias, whose attack was aided by Sahib Singh of the Bhangi misl.[15] Describing the conflict, the (British) writer of the Gujranwala Gazetteer wrote that besieged for weeks in his fortress, Ghulam Muhammad Chatha eventually surrendered after Maha Singh assured him safe passage to Mecca, but the promise was 'basely broken' when Ghulam Muhammad was shot and his fortress razed to the ground.[15] Rasoolnagar (Prophet's city) which belonged to the Chathas was renamed Ramnagar (Ram's city) to humiliate the Muslims.[15] The Gazetteer noted that the treacherous killing of Chatha and his resistance was remembered 'in many a local ballad' in Gujranwala.[15] The Bhattis of Hafizabad tehsil, who were Muslim Rajputs, did not cease their resistance to the Sukerchakias until 1801 when their leaders were killed and their possessions captured.[15] Some Bhattis fled to Jhang.[15]
Ranjit Singh, Maha Singh's son and successor who would later go on to establish the Sikh Empire, was born in 1780 in Gujranwala's Purani Mandi market.[16] Ranjit Singh maintained Gujranwala as his capital initially after rising to power in 1792. His most famous military commander Hari Singh Nalwa, who was also from Gujranwala, built a high mud wall around Gujranwala during this era and established the city's new grid street-plan that exists until the present day.[7] Gujranwala remained Ranjit Singh's capital until he captured Lahore from the Durrani Afghans in 1799, at which point the capital was moved there, leading to the relative decline of Gujranwala in favour of Lahore.[17]Jind Kaur, the last queen of Ranjit Singh and mother of Duleep Singh, was born in Gujranwala in 1817.[18]
By 1839, the city's bazaars were home to an estimated 500 shops, while the city had been surrounded by a number of pleasure gardens, including one established by Hari Nalwa Singh that was famous for its vast array of exotic plants.[7]
British
[edit]The area was captured by the British Empire in 1848, and rapidly developed thereafter.[7] Gujranwala was incorporated as a municipality in 1867,[19] and the city's Brandreth, Khiyali, and Lahori Gates built atop the site of Sikh-era gates were completed in 1869.[7] A new clocktower was built in central Gujranwala to mark the city's centre in 1906.
Christian missionaries were brought to the region during British colonial rule, and Gujranwala became home to numerous churches and schools.[7] The city's first Presbyterian Church was established in 1875 in the Civil Lines area – a settlement built one mile north of the old city to house Gujranwala's European population. A theological seminary was established in 1877, and a Christian technical school in 1900.[7]
The North-Western Railway connected Gujranwala with other cities in British India by rail in 1881.[11] The major Sikh higher learning institution, Gujranwala Guru Nanak Khalsa College, was founded in Gujranwala in 1889, though it later shifted to Ludhiana.[7] The nearby Khanki Headworks were completed in 1892 under British rule, and helped irrigate 3 million acres in the province. Gujranwala's population, according to the 1901 census of British India, was 29,224.[11] The city continued to grow rapidly for the remainder of British rule.
Riots erupted in Gujranwala following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar in April 1919. These were some of most violent riots in response to the massacre in all of British India.[7] Riots lead to the damage of the city's railway station and burning of the city's Tehsil Office, Clock Tower, Dak Bangla and city courts.[7] Much of the city's historical record was burnt in the attacked offices.[7] Protestors in the city, nearby villages, and a procession from Dhullay were fired upon with machine-guns mounted to low-flying planes, and subjected to aerial bombardment from the Royal Air Force under the control of Reginald Edward Harry Dyer.[7][20][21]
According to the 1941 census, 269,528 out of the Gujranwala District's 912,234 residents were non-Muslim.[22] 54.30% of Gujranwala city residents were Muslims prior to Partition, though non-Muslims controlled much of the city's economy.[7] Hindus and Sikhs together owned two-thirds of Gujranwala's properties.[7] Sikhs were concentrated in the localities of Guru Nanak Pura, Guru Gobind Garh, and Dhullay Mohallah, while Hindus were dominant in Hakim Rai, Sheikhupura Gate area and Hari Singh Nalwa Bazaar. Muslims were concentrated in Rasul Pura, Islam Pura and Rehman Pura.[7]
Partition
[edit]Following the Independence of Pakistan and the aftermath of the Partition of British India in 1947, Gujranwala was the site of some of the worst rioting in Punjab.[7][23] Large swathes of Hindu and Sikh localities were attacked or destroyed.[7][23] Rioters in the city gained notoriety for attacks, with the city's Muslim Lohar (blacksmiths) particularly carrying out brutal attacks.[23] In retaliation for attacks against a trainload of refugees by Sikh rioters at Amritsar railway station on 22 September that resulted in the deaths of 3,000 Muslims over the course of three hours,[23][24] rioters from Gujranwala attacked a trainload of Hindus and Sikhs fleeing towards India on 23 September,[23] killing 340 refugees in the nearby town of Kamoke.[24] Partition riots in Gujranwala resulted in systematic violence against the city's minorities,[23] and may constitute an act of ethnic cleansing by modern standards.[23] Gujranwala became home to Muslim refugees who were fleeing from the widespread anti-Muslim pogroms that depopulated eastern Punjab in India of almost its entire Muslim population.[23] Refugees in Gujranwala were mainly those who had fled from the cities of Amritsar, Patiala, and Ludhiana in what had become the Indian state of East Punjab.[7]
Modern
[edit]The influx of Muslim refugees into Gujranwala drastically altered the city's form. By March 1948, over 300,000 refugees had been resettled in Gujranwala District.[25] Many refugees found post-Partition Gujranwala lacking in opportunities, causing some to move south to Karachi.[25] The refugee population mostly settled in localities that were mostly non-Muslim, like Gobindgarh, Baghbanpura and Nanakpura.[25]
Suburban districts were rapidly laid, including Satellite Town in 1950, which was designed mostly to house wealthy and upper-middle-class refugees.[25] D-Colony was built in 1956 for poorer Kashmiri refugees,[25] and Model Town in the 1960s.[7] The city experienced strong industrial growth during this period. In 1947, there were only 39 registered factories – a number which rose to 225 by 1961.[25] The city's colonial-era metal-working industry continued to grow, while the city became a centre of hosiery manufacturing that was run by refugees from Ludhiana.[25] The city's jewellery-trade had been run by Hindus but came under the control of refugees from Patiala.[25]
Gujranwala's economy continued to grow into the 1970s and 1980s.[7] New development continues, such as the opening of a 5,774-foot long flyover that functions as an elevated urban expressway,[7] as well as the nearby Sialkot International Airport which serves the entire Golden Triangle region, and is Pakistan's first privately owned commercial airport.[26] Institutions of higher learning have also been established in the city since independence. The Sialkot-Lahore Motorway, opened in 2020, passes near Gujranwala.
Geography
[edit]Gujranwala sits at the heart of the Rechna Doab, a strip of land between the Chenab in the north, and Ravi River in the south. Gujranwala is also part of the Majha, a historical region of northern Punjab. The city was built upon the plains of Punjab, and the surrounding region is an unbroken plain devoid of topographical diversity.[27]
Gujranwala is 226 metres (744 ft) above sea level, sharing borders with Ghakhar Mandi and several towns and villages. About 80 kilometres (50 mi) south is the provincial capital, Lahore. Sialkot and Gujrat lie to its north. Gujrat connects Gujranwala with Bhimber, Azad Kashmir, and Sialkot connects it with Jammu. About 160 kilometres (99 mi) southwest is Faisalabad. To its west are Hafizabad and Pindi Bhattian, which connect Gujranwala to Jhang, Chiniot and Sargodha.
Climate
[edit]Gujranwala has a hot semi-arid climate (BSh),[28] according to the Köppen-Geiger system, and changes throughout the year. During summer (June to September), the temperature reaches 36–42 °C (97–108 °F). The coolest months are usually November to February when the temperature can drop to an average of 7 °C (45 °F). The highest precipitation months are usually July and August when the monsoon reaches Punjab. During the other months, the average rainfall is about 25 millimetres (0.98 in). October to May have little rainfall.[29]
Climate data for Gujranwala | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.1 (66.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
27.4 (81.3) |
33.7 (92.7) |
39.0 (102.2) |
40.8 (105.4) |
36.1 (97.0) |
34.6 (94.3) |
35.0 (95.0) |
33.0 (91.4) |
27.0 (80.6) |
21.2 (70.2) |
30.8 (87.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
20.3 (68.5) |
26.0 (78.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
33.8 (92.8) |
31.4 (88.5) |
30.2 (86.4) |
29.5 (85.1) |
25.4 (77.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
23.9 (75.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
13.3 (55.9) |
18.4 (65.1) |
23.1 (73.6) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.7 (80.1) |
25.9 (78.6) |
24.0 (75.2) |
17.8 (64.0) |
10.3 (50.5) |
5.7 (42.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 31 (1.2) |
30 (1.2) |
29 (1.1) |
18 (0.7) |
19 (0.7) |
46 (1.8) |
147 (5.8) |
168 (6.6) |
65 (2.6) |
9 (0.4) |
5 (0.2) |
14 (0.6) |
581 (22.9) |
Source: Climate-Data.org, altitude: 225m[28] |
Urban form
[edit]Gujranwala's oldest precincts were laid according to the new city plan devised by Hari Singh Nalwa, following Ranjit Singh's establishment of Gujranwala as his capital in 1792. A street plan based mostly on a grid plan was implemented, with bazaars intersecting one another at 90-degree angles. Some of the blocks are rectangular in shape, resulting in a polygonal shaped old city. This old city was then enclosed by a high mud wall with gates and a fort that was built immediately north of the old city. The city's Sheranwala Bagh was also expanded under Hari Singh Nalwa's direction.[7]
Gujranwala's old city is centred on the Shahi (Royal) Bazaar. The old city is home to many of the city's pre-Partition houses of worship for Hindus and Sikhs. The Hindu Devi Talab temple was once famous for its large water-tank, and remains in good condition despite being used as a residence for a family who fled Patiala.[30] The Sikh Gurdwara Damdama Sahib is located near the Devi Talab Temple, is important in Sikhism for its association with Baba Sahib Singh Bedi, a Sikh saint.[30] An old gurdwara is also located near the Chashma Chowk intersection near Shahi Bazaar.[30]
Gujranwala was also home to a Jain community, called Bhabra in Punjab. In the heart of the town, Lala Mubdas Jain Mandir is present. The samadhi of Jain Acharya Atmaramji (also known as Acharya Vijayanandsuri, who died on 20 May 1896.[31] The samadhi, now being restored, was visited by Jain Acharya Dharmadhurandar Suri in on 28 May 2023, along with other Jain munis and lay Jains after a gap to more than 75 years.[32]
Gujranwala grew rapidly following British rule, and connection of the city to the railways of British India. The city grew outside of the city's walls, requiring new bazaars to be laid, which were done in a radial plan centred on the old city.[7] Some historic structures like the Haveli of Sardar Mahan Singh were torn down by the British and replaced with other structures. The city's Brandreth, Lahori, and Khiyali Gates were built atop the city's demolished original gates, while Mahan Singh's haveli was transformed into a public square named Ranjit Ganj.[7] The city's boundaries remained mostly west of the railways' line prior to 1947.[7]
The Civil Lines neighbourhood was built for European residents approximately one mile north of the old city. The area was characterized by bungalows, large and verdant lawns, and shady tree-lined avenues.[7] Civil Lines is where the city's Presbyterian Church was built in 1875, while the city's Theological Seminary was established here in 1877. The Christian Technical Training Center followed suit in 1900.[7] The city's elite Hindus and Sikhs eventually also settled in small numbers in Civil Lines.[7] Several of their mansions still remain in the area including those of Charan Singh, Banarsi Shah, as well as other buildings such as Islamia College and Khurshid Manzil.[7]
Growth occurred mostly in areas northwest and southeast of the city immediately after independence until 1965 along routes emanating from old Gujranwala. Satellite Town was established on the southwest side in 1950. Areas northeast and southwest of the city were the sites of most growth between 1965 and 1985. The growth grows outwards mostly evenly after 1985 until the present time.[7] Much of the growth has been unplanned due to poor enforcement of development guidelines and lax enforcement of property laws.[7]
Demography
[edit]Gujranwala is the 5th largest city in Pakistan by population. Since the 2000s the population growth rate of Gujranwala has averaged at 3.0%. The population growth rate is projected to slow down to 2.51% by 2035.[33]
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1881 | 22,884 | — |
1891 | 26,785 | +17.0% |
1901 | 29,224 | +9.1% |
1911 | 29,472 | +0.8% |
1921 | 37,887 | +28.6% |
1941 | 85,000 | +124.4% |
1951 | 121,000 | +42.4% |
1961 | 196,000 | +62.0% |
1972 | 324,000 | +65.3% |
1981 | 601,000 | +85.5% |
1998 | 1,133,000 | +88.5% |
2000 | 1,208,940 | +6.7% |
2010 | 1,647,271 | +36.3% |
2020 | 2,229,220 | +35.3% |
Source: https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/gujranwala-population |
Religious group |
1881[35][36][37] | 1891[38]: 68 [39] | 1901[40]: 44 [41]: 26 | 1911[42]: 23 [43]: 19 | 1921[44]: 25 [45]: 21 | 1931[46]: 26 | 1941[34]: 32 | 2017[47] | 2023[48] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 11,820 | 51.65% | 14,049 | 52.45% | 15,525 | 53.12% | 16,398 | 55.64% | 20,622 | 54.43% | 33,241 | 56.61% | 45,904 | 54.3% | 2,272,402 | 96.65% | 2,762,265 | 96.78% |
Hinduism [b] | 9,114 | 39.83% | 9,909 | 36.99% | 10,390 | 35.55% | 8,547 | 29% | 11,669 | 30.8% | 16,958 | 28.88% | 24,378 | 28.83% | 104 | 0% | 482 | 0.02% |
Sikhism | 1,396 | 6.1% | 2,020 | 7.54% | 2,181 | 7.46% | 3,200 | 10.86% | 3,571 | 9.43% | 5,879 | 10.01% | 11,016 | 13.03% | — | — | 87 | 0% |
Jainism | 413 | 1.8% | 522 | 1.95% | 700 | 2.4% | 713 | 2.42% | 683 | 1.8% | 978 | 1.67% | 1,343 | 1.59% | — | — | — | — |
Christianity | — | — | 284 | 1.06% | 428 | 1.46% | 614 | 2.08% | 1,342 | 3.54% | 1,660 | 2.83% | 1,893 | 2.24% | 76,598 | 3.26% | 89,897 | 3.15% |
Zoroastrianism | — | — | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | — | — | — | — | 3 | 0% |
Judaism | — | — | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Buddhism | — | — | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Ahmadiyya | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1,901 | 0.08% | 1,275 | 0.04% |
Others | 141 | 0.62% | 1 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 11 | 0.01% | 209 | 0.01% | 122 | 0% |
Total population | 22,884 | 100% | 26,785 | 100% | 29,224 | 100% | 29,472 | 100% | 37,887 | 100% | 58,716 | 100% | 84,545 | 100% | 2,351,214 | 100% | 2,854,131 | 100% |
Economy
[edit]Gujranwala is the Pakistan's third largest centre of industrial production, after Karachi and Faisalabad. Gujranwala, along with the nearby industrial cities of Sialkot and Gujrat City, form what is sometimes referred to as the Golden Triangle in reference to their relative prosperity and export-oriented industrial base.[7] The city's industries employ up to 500,000 people,[49] while the city's GDP makes up 5% of Pakistan's overall economy.[8]
An estimated 6,500 small and medium enterprises,[50] 25,000 cottage units, and some large factories, are located in and around the city as of 2002[25] -and are engaged in the manufacture of a wide variety of goods.[51][52] The city is the centre for manufacture and export of sanitary fittings and wares in Pakistan, with over 200 producers based in Gujranwala.[50][16] More than 60 producers of auto parts are found in the city.[50] The city is well known as a centre for manufacturing electric fans – with 150 small and medium enterprises in Gujranwala tied to the electric fan industry.[53] The city is Pakistan's third largest centre for iron and steel manufacturing – reflecting Gujranwala's historic association with metalworking since the migration of the Lohar clan of blacksmiths to the city during the colonial era.[25] The city has been a centre of hosiery-manfuacture since the migration of refugees primarily from Ludhiana in 1947.[25]
Textiles, apparel, yarn, and other textile goods are also produced in Gujranwala.[16] Other manufacturing based in the city include rice, plastic, cutlery, coolers and heaters, agricultural tools and equipment, carpets, glass goods, surgical equipment, leather products, and machinery for military uses, domestic appliances, motorcycles, and food products.[7] The rural regions surrounding Gujranwala are heavily engaged in the production of wheat and are yield more wheat per acre than the national average.[54] Gujranwala District is also the most productive region for rice-growing in Punjab.[54]
In 2010, Gujranwala was rated number 6 out of Pakistan's top 13 cities in order of ease of doing business by the World Bank, and was ranked the second-best in Pakistan for construction permits.[55] Pakistan's electric shortages of the 2010s severely stymied the city's growth. Industrial units in the city suffered an average of 2872 hours per year in Gujranwala in 2012.[56] By the end of 2017, the supply of electricity had drastically improved with augmented electric generation as a result of new power-stations coming online.[57] Improved supplies of electricity contributed to the country's double-digit rise in exports in the second half of 2017.[58]
Transportation
[edit]Road
[edit]Gujranwala is situated along the historic Grand Trunk Road that connects Peshawar to Islamabad and Lahore. The Grand Trunk Road also provides access to the Afghan border via the Khyber Pass, with onward connections to Kabul and Central Asia via the Salang Pass. The Karakoram Highway provides access between Islamabad and western China, and an alternate route to Central Asia via Kashgar, China.
Gujranwala is connected to Lahore by Sialkot-Lahore Motorway. The motorway passes east of the Grand Trunk Road, and terminates near the Sialkot International Airport. Plans for the motorway's extension farther north to Kharian near Gujrat City were announced in late 2017.[59]
Rail
[edit]Gujranwala railway station serves as a stop along Pakistan's 1,687 kilometres (1,048 mi)-long Main Line-1 railway that connects the city to the port city of Karachi to Peshawar.
The entire Main Line-1 railway track between Karachi and Peshawar is to be overhauled at a cost of $3.65 billion for the first phase of the project,[60] with completion by 2021.[61] Upgrading of the railway line will permit train travel at speeds of 160 kilometres per hour, versus the average 60 to 105 km per hour speed currently possible on existing track.[62]
Air
[edit]Gujranwala has no airport of its own. The city is instead served by airports in nearby cities, including the Allama Iqbal International Airport in Lahore that offers non-stop flights to Europe, Canada, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. Gujranwala is also serviced by the nearby Sialkot International Airport – Pakistan's first privately owned commercial airport. Built-in 2007, the airport offers non-stop service to the Middle East, as well as domestic locations.
Public transportation
[edit]Gujranwala has a small scale centrally managed public transportation system known as a city tour. It has its routes from Wazirabad to Kamoke mainly extended on GT road only. Uber became available in Gujranwala in early 2017[63] and was soon followed by Careem.[64]
Administration
[edit]Gujranwala and its environs were amalgamated into a district in 1951. The Gujranwala Development Authority was established in 1989 to oversee economic and infrastructure development in the city. The city is currently administered by the City District Government Gujranwala (CDGG) and Gujranwala Metropolitan Corporation, while development is generally under the office of the Gujranwala Development Authority. In 2007, the city was re-classified as a city district with 7 constituent municipalities: Aroop, Kamonke, Khiali Shahpur, Nandipur, Nowshera Virkan, Qila Didar Singh, and Wazirabad Towns.[7]
In December 2019, Gujranwala Municipal Corporation was upgraded into Metropolitan Corporation under Punjab Local Government Act 2019.[2]
Education
[edit]Gujranwala city's adult literacy rate in 2008 was 73%,[65] which rose to 87% in the 15–24 age group throughout Gujranwala District,[66] including rural areas. The city is also home to the Gujranwala Theological Seminary which was established in Sialkot in 1877, and moved to Gujranwala in 1912.[67] The Army Aviation School of the Pakistan Air Force was moved to Gujranwala in 1987 from Dhamial.[68] Many institutes are established for higher education such as:
- University of Sargodha, Gujranwala Campus
- University of Central Punjab, Gujranwala Campus
- GIFT University, Gujranwala
- University of the Punjab, Gujranwala Campus
Sports
[edit]Gujranwala has the multipurpose Jinnah Stadium, which has capacity of 20,000 spectators. It has hosted matches of the 1987 and 1996 Cricket World Cup.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Gujranwala- The City of Wrestlers". 4 February 2016.
- ^ a b Khan, Iftikhar A. (27 December 2019). "Every fourth district in Punjab to have a metropolitan corporation". Dawn. Pakistan.
- ^ a b "Administrators' appointments planned as Punjab LG system dissolves today". The Nation (newspaper). 31 December 2021. Archived from the original on 31 December 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- ^ "Complaint Management System: Municipal Corporation, Gujranwala". The Urban Unit, Planning & Development (Punjab). Archived from the original on 27 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
- ^ "POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLD DETAIL FROM BLOCK TO DISTRICT LEVEL: PUNJAB" (PDF). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 May 2018. Retrieved 27 April 2018.
- ^ "Gujranwala- The City of Wrestlers". Daily The Patriot. 4 February 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an Naz, Neelum. "Historical Perspective of Urban Development of Gujranwala". Dept. of Architecture, UET, Lahore. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ a b "Punjab at a Glance". Punjab Board of Investment and Trade. Government of Punjab. Archived from the original on 16 April 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
- ^ Azhar, Annus; Adil, Shahid. "Effect of Agglomeration on Socio-Economic Outcomes: A District Level Panel study of Punjab" (PDF). Pakistan Institute of Developmental Economics. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
- ^ Mehmood, Mirza, Faisal; Ali, Jaffri, Atif; Saim, Hashmi, Muhammad (21 April 2014). An assessment of industrial employment skill gaps among university graduates: In the Gujrat-Sialkot-Gujranwala industrial cluster, Pakistan. Intl Food Policy Res Inst. p. 2.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c "Imperial Gazetteer2 of India, Volume 12, page 363 -- Imperial Gazetteer of India -- Digital South Asia Library". dsal.uchicago.edu.
- ^ Ramesh Chandra Majumdar; Bhāratīya Itihāsa Samiti (1954). The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age. G. Allen & Unwin. p. 64.
- ^ Mahmood, Amjad (22 March 2021). "The importance of Gujranwala". Dawn. Pakistan. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ Gazetteer of the Gujranwala District, 1883-4. Punjab Govt. 1895. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ a b c d Minhas, Salman (2004). "Gujranwala – its people and tradition of light industry". The South Asian. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
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The project is planned to be completed in two phases in five years by 2021. The first phase will be completed by December 2017 and the second by 2021.
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- ^ 1881-1941: Data for the entirety of the town of Template, which included Gujranwala Municipality, Gujranwala Cantonment, and Gujranwala Civil Lines.[34]: 32
2017-2023: Combined urban populations of Gujranwala City Tehsil and Gujranwala Saddar Tehsil. - ^ 1931-1941: Including Ad-Dharmis
External links
[edit]- Gujranwala Chamber of Commerce & Industry
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 713. .