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{{short description|American scientist and astronaut (born 1952)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}}
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{{short description|American scientist and a former NASA astronaut}}
{{Infobox astronaut
{{Infobox astronaut
| name =Kathryn C. Thornton
|name = Kathryn Thornton
| image =KathrynThornton.jpg
|image = KathrynThornton.jpg
⚫
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|8|17}}
| type =[[NASA]] [[Astronaut]]
⚫
|birth_place = [[Montgomery, Alabama]], U.S.
| status =Retired
|death_date =
⚫
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1952|8|17}}
|death_place =
⚫
| birth_place =[[Montgomery, Alabama]], U.S.
|spouse = Stephen Thornton
| occupation =[[Physicist]]
| alma_mater =[[Auburn University]] (B.S. 1974)<br />[[University of Virginia]] (M.S. 1977, Ph.D. 1979)
|education = [[Auburn University]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])<br>[[University of Virginia]] ([[Master of Science|MS]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
| selection =[[List of astronauts by selection#1984|1984 NASA Group 10]]
|type = [[NASA astronaut]]
| time =40d 15h 14m
|time = 40d 15h 14m
|selection = [[NASA Astronaut Group 10|NASA Group 10 (1984)]]
| mission =[[STS-33]], [[STS-49]], [[STS-61]], [[STS-73]]
| insignia =[[File:Sts-33-patch.png|45px]] [[File:Sts-49-patch.png|40px]] [[File:Sts-61-patch.png|40px]] [[File:Sts-73-patch.png|40px]]
|mission = [[STS-33]]<br>[[STS-49]]<br>[[STS-61]]<br>[[STS-73]]
|insignia = [[File:Sts-33-patch.png|45px]] [[File:Sts-49-patch.png|40px]] [[File:Sts-61-patch.png|40px]] [[File:Sts-73-patch.png|40px]]
|}}
}}
'''Kathryn Ryan Cordell Thornton''' (born August 17, 1952) is an American scientist and a former [[NASA]] [[astronaut]] with over 975 hours in space, including 21 hours of extravehicular activity.<ref name="nasabio">{{cite web |author1=Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center |author1-link=Johnson Space Center |title=Kathryn C. Thornton |url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/thornton_kathryn.pdf |website=Biographical Data |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428093218/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/thornton_kathryn.pdf |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |location=[[Houston, Texas]] |format=PDF |date=June 1996 |url-status=live}}</ref> She was the associate dean for graduate programs at the [[University of Virginia]] School of Engineering and Applied Science, currently a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering.<ref name=":0" />
'''Kathryn Ryan Cordell Thornton''' (born August 17, 1952) is an American scientist and a former [[NASA]] [[astronaut]] with over 975 hours in space, including 21 hours of extravehicular activity.<ref name="nasabio">{{cite web |author1=Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center |author1-link=Johnson Space Center |title=Kathryn C. Thornton |url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/thornton_kathryn.pdf |website=Biographical Data |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428093218/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/thornton_kathryn.pdf |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |location=[[Houston, Texas]] |date=June 1996 |url-status=live}}</ref> She was the associate dean for graduate programs at the [[University of Virginia]] School of Engineering and Applied Science, currently a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering.<ref name=":0" />


Thornton was inducted in the [[United States Astronaut Hall of Fame]] in 2010.
Thornton was inducted in the [[United States Astronaut Hall of Fame]] in 2010.
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[[File:Thornton Prepares to Release Hubble Array - GPN-2000-001155.jpg|thumb|upright|Thornton prepares to release a Hubble solar array during STS-61.]]
[[File:Thornton Prepares to Release Hubble Array - GPN-2000-001155.jpg|thumb|upright|Thornton prepares to release a Hubble solar array during STS-61.]]


Selected by [[NASA]] in May 1984,<ref name="PressRelease84-028">{{cite web |last1=Lawrence |first1=John |title=84-028: NASA Selects 17 Astronaut Candidates |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/83136main_1984.pdf |publisher=NASA |access-date=April 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422133248/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/83136main_1984.pdf |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |location=Houston, Texas |pages=66–73 |format=PDF |date=May 23, 1984 |url-status=live}}</ref> Thornton became an astronaut in July 1985. Her technical assignments have included flight software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), serving as a team member of the Vehicle Integration Test Team (VITT) at [[Kennedy Space Center]], and as a spacecraft communicator ([[Capsule communicator|CAPCOM]]).<ref name="rtf-bio">{{cite web |author1=Return to Flight Task Group |title=Dr. Kathryn C. Thornton |url=https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/returnflight/members/default46404640.html?id=thornton |website=CyberCemetery |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428094930/https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/returnflight/members/default46404640.html?id=thornton |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |location=[[Houston, Texas]] |url-status=live}}</ref> A veteran of four space flights, Thornton flew on [[STS-33]] in 1989, [[STS-49]] in 1992, [[STS-61]] in 1993, and [[STS-73]] in 1995. She has logged over 975 hours in space, including more than 21 hours of extravehicular activity (EVA).<ref name="nasabio" />
Selected by [[NASA]] in May 1984,<ref name="PressRelease84-028">{{cite web |last1=Lawrence |first1=John |title=84-028: NASA Selects 17 Astronaut Candidates |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/83136main_1984.pdf |publisher=NASA |access-date=April 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422133248/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/83136main_1984.pdf |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |location=Houston, Texas |pages=66–73 |date=May 23, 1984 |url-status=live}}</ref> Thornton became an astronaut in July 1985. Her technical assignments have included flight software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), serving as a team member of the Vehicle Integration Test Team (VITT) at [[Kennedy Space Center]], and as a spacecraft communicator ([[Capsule communicator|CAPCOM]]).<ref name="rtf-bio">{{cite web |author1=Return to Flight Task Group |title=Dr. Kathryn C. Thornton |url=https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/returnflight/members/default46404640.html?id=thornton |website=CyberCemetery |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428094930/https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/returnflight/members/default46404640.html?id=thornton |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |location=[[Houston, Texas]] |url-status=live}}</ref> A veteran of four space flights, Thornton flew on [[STS-33]] in 1989, [[STS-49]] in 1992, [[STS-61]] in 1993, and [[STS-73]] in 1995. She has logged over 975 hours in space, including more than 21 hours of extravehicular activity (EVA).<ref name="nasabio" />


Thornton was a [[mission specialist]] on the crew of STS-33<ref name="sts-summary">{{cite web |last1=Legler |first1=Robert D. |last2=Bennett |first2=Floyd V. |title=Space Shuttle Missions Summary |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/20110001406/downloads/20110001406.pdf |website=NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427114154/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/20110001406/downloads/20110001406.pdf |archive-date=April 27, 2021 |location=Houston, Texas |format=PDF |date=September 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|53}} which launched at night from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 22, 1989, aboard the [[Space Shuttle Discovery|Space Shuttle ''Discovery'']]. The mission carried [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] payloads and other secondary payloads. After 79 orbits of the Earth, this five-day mission concluded on November 27, 1989, at [[Edwards Air Force Base]], [[California]].<ref name="MSER-STS33">{{cite web |author1=Office of Safety, Reliability, Maintainability and Quality Assurance |title=Mission safety evaluation report for STS-33: Postflight edition |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19920011290/downloads/19920011290.pdf |website=NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428095215/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19920011290/downloads/19920011290.pdf |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |location=[[Washington, DC]] |format=PDF |date=March 15, 1990 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Thornton was a [[mission specialist]] on the crew of STS-33<ref name="sts-summary">{{cite web |last1=Legler |first1=Robert D. |last2=Bennett |first2=Floyd V. |title=Space Shuttle Missions Summary |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/20110001406/downloads/20110001406.pdf |website=NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427114154/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/20110001406/downloads/20110001406.pdf |archive-date=April 27, 2021 |location=Houston, Texas |date=September 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|53}} which launched at night from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 22, 1989, aboard the [[Space Shuttle Discovery|Space Shuttle ''Discovery'']]. The mission carried [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] payloads and other secondary payloads. After 79 orbits of the Earth, this five-day mission concluded on November 27, 1989, at [[Edwards Air Force Base]], [[California]].<ref name="MSER-STS33">{{cite web |author1=Office of Safety, Reliability, Maintainability and Quality Assurance |title=Mission safety evaluation report for STS-33: Postflight edition |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19920011290/downloads/19920011290.pdf |website=NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428095215/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19920011290/downloads/19920011290.pdf |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |location=[[Washington, DC]] |date=March 15, 1990 |url-status=live}}</ref>


On her second flight, Thornton served on the crew of STS-49, May 7–16, 1992, on board the maiden flight of the new [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'']].<ref name=":0" /> During the mission the crew conducted the initial test flight of ''Endeavour'', performed a record four EVA's (spacewalks) to retrieve, repair and deploy the International Telecommunications Satellite ([[INTELSAT]]), and to demonstrate and evaluate numerous EVA tasks to be used for the assembly of [[Space Station Freedom]]. Thornton was one of two EVA crew members who evaluated Space Station assembly techniques on the fourth EVA. STS-49 logged 213 hours in space and 141 Earth orbits prior to landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California.<ref name="ssmr-sts49">{{cite web |last1=Fricke |first1=Robert W. |title=STS-49: Space Shuttle Mission Report |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19930005547/downloads/19930005547.pdf |website=NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428100206/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19930005547/downloads/19930005547.pdf |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |location=[[Houston, Texas]] |format=PDF |date=July 1992 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On her second flight, Thornton served on the crew of STS-49, May 7 – 16, 1992, on board the maiden flight of the new [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'']].<ref name=":0" /> During the mission the crew conducted the initial test flight of ''Endeavour'', performed a record four EVA's (spacewalks) to retrieve, repair and deploy the International Telecommunications Satellite ([[Intelsat]]), and to demonstrate and evaluate numerous EVA tasks to be used for the assembly of [[Space Station Freedom]]. Thornton was one of two EVA crew members who evaluated Space Station assembly techniques on the fourth EVA. STS-49 logged 213 hours in space and 141 Earth orbits prior to landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California.<ref name="ssmr-sts49">{{cite web |last1=Fricke |first1=Robert W. |title=STS-49: Space Shuttle Mission Report |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19930005547/downloads/19930005547.pdf |website=NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428100206/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19930005547/downloads/19930005547.pdf |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |location=[[Houston, Texas]] |date=July 1992 |url-status=live}}</ref>


On her third flight, Thornton was a mission specialist EVA crew member aboard the Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'' on the STS-61<ref name="sts-summary" />{{rp|88–89}} [[Hubble Space Telescope]] (HST) servicing and repair mission. STS-61 launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on December 2, 1993. During the 11-day flight, the HST was captured and restored to full capacity through a record five spacewalks by four astronauts, including Thornton. After having traveled 7,094,035 kilometers in 163 orbits of the Earth, the crew of ''Endeavour'' returned to a night landing at the Kennedy Space Center on December 13, 1993.<ref name="ssmr-sts61">{{cite web |last1=Fricke |first1=Robert W. |title=STS-61: Space Shuttle Mission Report |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19950016770/downloads/19950016770.pdf |website=NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428100614/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19950016770/downloads/19950016770.pdf |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |location=[[Houston, Texas]] |format=PDF |date=February 1994 |url-status=live}}</ref> Then, after [[Expedition 14]], [[Sunita Williams]] surpassed her for woman with the most spacewalks.<ref name="wrapupeva">{{cite web |last1=Kauderer |first1=Amiko |title=Spacewalkers Successfully Wrap Up Record Series |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition14/exp14_eva8.html |website=International Space Station |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428101231/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition14/exp14_eva8.html |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |date=February 8, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
On her third flight, Thornton was a mission specialist EVA crew member aboard the Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'' on the STS-61<ref name="sts-summary" />{{rp|88–89}} [[Hubble Space Telescope]] (HST) servicing and repair mission. STS-61 launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on December 2, 1993. During the 11-day flight, the HST was captured and restored to full capacity through a record five spacewalks by four astronauts, including Thornton. After having traveled 4,433,772 miles in 163 orbits of the Earth, the crew of ''Endeavour'' returned to a night landing at the Kennedy Space Center on December 13, 1993.<ref name="ssmr-sts61">{{cite web |last1=Fricke |first1=Robert W. |title=STS-61: Space Shuttle Mission Report |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19950016770/downloads/19950016770.pdf |website=NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428100614/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19950016770/downloads/19950016770.pdf |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |location=[[Houston, Texas]] |date=February 1994 |url-status=live}}</ref> Then, after [[Expedition 14]], [[Sunita Williams]] surpassed her for woman with the most spacewalks.<ref name="wrapupeva">{{cite web |last1=Kauderer |first1=Amiko |title=Spacewalkers Successfully Wrap Up Record Series |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition14/exp14_eva8.html |website=International Space Station |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428101231/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/expeditions/expedition14/exp14_eva8.html |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |date=February 8, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>


From October 20 to November 5, 1995, Thornton served aboard [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] on STS-73,<ref name="sts-summary" />{{rp|105}} as the payload commander of the second [[United States Microgravity Laboratory]] mission. The mission focused on materials science, biotechnology, combustion science, the physics of fluids, and numerous scientific experiments housed in the pressurized Spacelab module. In completing her fourth space flight, Thornton orbited the Earth 256 times, traveled over 10 million kilometers, and logged a total of 15 days, 21 hours, 52 minutes and 21 seconds in space.<ref name="ssmr-sts73">{{cite web |last1=Fricke |first1=Robert W. |title=STS-73: Space Shuttle Mission Report |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19970001426/downloads/19970001426.pdf |website=NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428101553/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19970001426/downloads/19970001426.pdf |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |location=[[Houston, Texas]] |format=PDF |date=December 1995 |url-status=live}}</ref>
From October 20 to November 5, 1995, Thornton served aboard [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] on STS-73,<ref name="sts-summary" />{{rp|105}} as the payload commander of the second [[United States Microgravity Laboratory]] mission. The mission focused on materials science, biotechnology, combustion science, the physics of fluids, and numerous scientific experiments housed in the pressurized Spacelab module. In completing her fourth space flight, Thornton orbited the Earth 256 times, traveled over 6 million miles, and logged a total of 15 days, 21 hours, 52 minutes and 21 seconds in space.<ref name="ssmr-sts73">{{cite web |last1=Fricke |first1=Robert W. |title=STS-73: Space Shuttle Mission Report |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19970001426/downloads/19970001426.pdf |website=NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428101553/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/enwiki/api/citations/19970001426/downloads/19970001426.pdf |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |location=[[Houston, Texas]] |date=December 1995 |url-status=live}}</ref>


Thornton left NASA on August 1, 1996.<ref name="96-113">{{cite web |last1=Campion |first1=Ed |last2=Hawley |first2=Eileen |title=96-113: Astronaut Kathy Thornton to Leave NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/1996/96-113.txt |website=NASA News |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428101919/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/1996/96-113.txt |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |format=TXT |date=June 5, 1996 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Thornton left NASA on August 1, 1996.<ref name="96-113">{{cite web |last1=Campion |first1=Ed |last2=Hawley |first2=Eileen |title=96-113: Astronaut Kathy Thornton to Leave NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/1996/96-113.txt |website=NASA News |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428101919/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/1996/96-113.txt |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |format=TXT |date=June 5, 1996 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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=== Leadership ===
=== Leadership ===
Thornton became the chairwoman of the board of directors at the [[Space Foundation]].<ref name="spacefoundation">{{cite web |title=Leadership – Space Foundation Board of Directors |url=https://www.spacefoundation.org/who-we-are/leadership/ |website=[[Space Foundation]] |access-date=January 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428102830/https://www.spacefoundation.org/who-we-are/leadership/ |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Thornton is a Director Emeritus of the Space Foundation’s Board of Directors, having joined the organization in 2010 and serving in various capacities, including as Chairwoman from 2020 to 2022.<ref name="spacefoundation">{{cite web |title=Kathryn C. Thornton, Ph.D. |url=https://www.spacefoundation.org/people/kathryn-c-thornton-ph-d/ |website=[[Space Foundation]] |access-date=May 18, 2024 }}</ref>

In November 2020, Thornton appeared at [[WomenTech Network]]'s Women in Tech Global Awards. During her appearance, she shared her experiences as a scientist and astronaut, aiming to support and inspire women in the technology sector.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kathryn Thornton - WomenTech Global Awards 2020 |url=https://www.womentech.net/video/kathryn-c-thornton-women-in-tech-global-awards-2020 |website=WomenTech Network |date=December 16, 2020 |access-date=May 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518120000/https://www.womentech.net/video/kathryn-thornton-womentech-global-awards-2020 |archive-date=May 18, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>


== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==
Thornton is married to Stephen T. Thornton from [[Oak Ridge, Tennessee]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=A Collection of Biographies of Women Who Made a Difference in Alabama|last=Schafer|first=Elizabeth|publisher=AL: League of Women Voters of Alabama|year=1952|location=Birmingham|pages=145–152}}</ref> She has two stepsons, Kenneth and Michael Thornton, and three daughters, Carol Hood, Laura Stratton, and Susan Thornton. In her spare time, she enjoys skiing and Scuba diving. On October 16, 2019, Thornton completed a through-hike of the [[Appalachian Trail]].<ref name="medium2020">{{cite web |last1=Panwar |first1=Parveen |title=Former Astronaut & Space Foundation Chairwoman Kathryn C. Thornton: 5 Steps We Must Take To Truly Create an Inclusive, Representative and Equitable Society |url=https://medium.com/authority-magazine/former-astronaut-space-foundation-chairwoman-kathryn-c-1ace67a3fe56 |website=[[Medium (website)|Medium]] |access-date=April 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428104355/https://medium.com/authority-magazine/former-astronaut-space-foundation-chairwoman-kathryn-c-1ace67a3fe56 |archive-date=April 28, 2021 |date=August 5, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Thornton is married to Stephen T. Thornton from [[Oak Ridge, Tennessee]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=A Collection of Biographies of Women Who Made a Difference in Alabama|last=Schafer|first=Elizabeth|publisher=AL: League of Women Voters of Alabama|year=1952|location=Birmingham|pages=145–152}}</ref> She has two stepsons and three daughters. In her spare time, she enjoys skiing and scuba diving. On October 16, 2019, Thornton completed a through-hike of the [[Appalachian Trail]].<ref name="flv-thornton">{{cite web |title=Kathryn C. Thornton |url=https://www.firstlady.virginia.gov/womengirls/sisterhood/previous-sisterhood-spotlights/2023-sisterhood-spotlights/kathryn-c-thornton.html |website=Sisterhood Spotligt |publisher=[[First Lady of Virginia|The Office of the First Lady of Virginia]] |access-date=December 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221152950/https://www.firstlady.virginia.gov/womengirls/sisterhood/previous-sisterhood-spotlights/2023-sisterhood-spotlights/kathryn-c-thornton.html |archive-date=December 21, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category}}
*[https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/thornton_kathryn.pdf NASA Biography]
*[https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/thornton_kathryn.pdf NASA Biography]


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[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:1952 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American astronauts]]
[[Category:American women astronauts]]
[[Category:Women astronauts]]
[[Category:Auburn University alumni]]
[[Category:Auburn University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Montgomery, Alabama]]
[[Category:People from Montgomery, Alabama]]

Latest revision as of 11:10, 22 June 2024

Kathryn Thornton
Born (1952-08-17) August 17, 1952 (age 72)
Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.
EducationAuburn University (BS)
University of Virginia (MS, PhD)
SpouseStephen Thornton
Space career
NASA astronaut
Time in space
40d 15h 14m
SelectionNASA Group 10 (1984)
MissionsSTS-33
STS-49
STS-61
STS-73
Mission insignia

Kathryn Ryan Cordell Thornton (born August 17, 1952) is an American scientist and a former NASA astronaut with over 975 hours in space, including 21 hours of extravehicular activity.[1] She was the associate dean for graduate programs at the University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science, currently a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering.[2]

Thornton was inducted in the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame in 2010.

Education and organizations

[edit]

Kathyrn Thornton graduated from Sidney Lanier High School in Montgomery, Alabama in 1970. She later received a B.S. degree in physics at Auburn University in 1974. In 1977 received an M.S. degree in physics and in 1979 a Ph.D. degree in physics at the University of Virginia.[1]

Thornton is also a member of the American Physical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the following honor societies: Sigma Pi Sigma, Phi Kappa Phi, and Sigma Xi.[1]

Career

[edit]

Physicist

[edit]

After Thornton earned her doctoral degree at the University of Virginia in 1979, she was awarded a NATO Postdoctoral Fellowship to continue her research at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany.[3]

In 1980, Thornton became a physicist at the United States Army Foreign Science and Technology Center in Charlottesville, Virginia.[3]

NASA

[edit]
Thornton prepares to release a Hubble solar array during STS-61.

Selected by NASA in May 1984,[4] Thornton became an astronaut in July 1985. Her technical assignments have included flight software verification in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL), serving as a team member of the Vehicle Integration Test Team (VITT) at Kennedy Space Center, and as a spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM).[5] A veteran of four space flights, Thornton flew on STS-33 in 1989, STS-49 in 1992, STS-61 in 1993, and STS-73 in 1995. She has logged over 975 hours in space, including more than 21 hours of extravehicular activity (EVA).[1]

Thornton was a mission specialist on the crew of STS-33[6]: 53  which launched at night from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on November 22, 1989, aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. The mission carried Department of Defense payloads and other secondary payloads. After 79 orbits of the Earth, this five-day mission concluded on November 27, 1989, at Edwards Air Force Base, California.[7]

On her second flight, Thornton served on the crew of STS-49, May 7 – 16, 1992, on board the maiden flight of the new Space Shuttle Endeavour.[2] During the mission the crew conducted the initial test flight of Endeavour, performed a record four EVA's (spacewalks) to retrieve, repair and deploy the International Telecommunications Satellite (Intelsat), and to demonstrate and evaluate numerous EVA tasks to be used for the assembly of Space Station Freedom. Thornton was one of two EVA crew members who evaluated Space Station assembly techniques on the fourth EVA. STS-49 logged 213 hours in space and 141 Earth orbits prior to landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California.[8]

On her third flight, Thornton was a mission specialist EVA crew member aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour on the STS-61[6]: 88–89  Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing and repair mission. STS-61 launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on December 2, 1993. During the 11-day flight, the HST was captured and restored to full capacity through a record five spacewalks by four astronauts, including Thornton. After having traveled 4,433,772 miles in 163 orbits of the Earth, the crew of Endeavour returned to a night landing at the Kennedy Space Center on December 13, 1993.[9] Then, after Expedition 14, Sunita Williams surpassed her for woman with the most spacewalks.[10]

From October 20 to November 5, 1995, Thornton served aboard Space Shuttle Columbia on STS-73,[6]: 105  as the payload commander of the second United States Microgravity Laboratory mission. The mission focused on materials science, biotechnology, combustion science, the physics of fluids, and numerous scientific experiments housed in the pressurized Spacelab module. In completing her fourth space flight, Thornton orbited the Earth 256 times, traveled over 6 million miles, and logged a total of 15 days, 21 hours, 52 minutes and 21 seconds in space.[11]

Thornton left NASA on August 1, 1996.[12]

She was inducted into the 2010 class of the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame.[13]

Leadership

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Thornton is a Director Emeritus of the Space Foundation’s Board of Directors, having joined the organization in 2010 and serving in various capacities, including as Chairwoman from 2020 to 2022.[14]

In November 2020, Thornton appeared at WomenTech Network's Women in Tech Global Awards. During her appearance, she shared her experiences as a scientist and astronaut, aiming to support and inspire women in the technology sector.[15]

Personal life

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Thornton is married to Stephen T. Thornton from Oak Ridge, Tennessee.[2] She has two stepsons and three daughters. In her spare time, she enjoys skiing and scuba diving. On October 16, 2019, Thornton completed a through-hike of the Appalachian Trail.[16]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (June 1996). "Kathryn C. Thornton" (PDF). Biographical Data. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  2. ^ a b c Schafer, Elizabeth (1952). A Collection of Biographies of Women Who Made a Difference in Alabama. Birmingham: AL: League of Women Voters of Alabama. pp. 145–152.
  3. ^ a b United Press International (November 22, 1989). "Kathryn C. Thornton: Discovery astronaut". UPI Archives. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  4. ^ Lawrence, John (May 23, 1984). "84-028: NASA Selects 17 Astronaut Candidates" (PDF). Houston, Texas: NASA. pp. 66–73. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 22, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
  5. ^ Return to Flight Task Group. "Dr. Kathryn C. Thornton". CyberCemetery. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  6. ^ a b c Legler, Robert D.; Bennett, Floyd V. (September 2011). "Space Shuttle Missions Summary" (PDF). NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  7. ^ Office of Safety, Reliability, Maintainability and Quality Assurance (March 15, 1990). "Mission safety evaluation report for STS-33: Postflight edition" (PDF). NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server. Washington, DC: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Fricke, Robert W. (July 1992). "STS-49: Space Shuttle Mission Report" (PDF). NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  9. ^ Fricke, Robert W. (February 1994). "STS-61: Space Shuttle Mission Report" (PDF). NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  10. ^ Kauderer, Amiko (February 8, 2007). "Spacewalkers Successfully Wrap Up Record Series". International Space Station. NASA. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  11. ^ Fricke, Robert W. (December 1995). "STS-73: Space Shuttle Mission Report" (PDF). NTRS – NASA Technical Reports Server. Houston, Texas: NASA. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  12. ^ Campion, Ed; Hawley, Eileen (June 5, 1996). "96-113: Astronaut Kathy Thornton to Leave NASA" (TXT). NASA News. NASA. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  13. ^ Best, Keilani (June 6, 2010). "Astronauts enter Hall". Florida Today. Cocoa, Florida: Gannett. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ "Kathryn C. Thornton, Ph.D." Space Foundation. Retrieved May 18, 2024.
  15. ^ "Kathryn Thornton - WomenTech Global Awards 2020". WomenTech Network. December 16, 2020. Archived from the original on May 18, 2024. Retrieved May 18, 2024.
  16. ^ "Kathryn C. Thornton". Sisterhood Spotligt. The Office of the First Lady of Virginia. Archived from the original on December 21, 2023. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
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