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{{short description|Species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae}}
{{Short description|Species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Multiple issues|
{{Page numbers needed|date=September 2010}}
{{Page numbers needed|date=September 2010}}
{{No footnotes|date=April 2009}}
{{No footnotes|date=April 2009}}
}}
}}
{{Speciesbox

{{speciesbox
|image = Knautia arvensis flower (side view) - Keila.jpg
|image = Knautia arvensis flower (side view) - Keila.jpg
|genus = Knautia
|genus = Knautia
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== Description ==
== Description ==
[[File:Acker-Witwenblume Knautia arvensis.jpg|thumb|Nectar-rich inflorescence attracts many insects]]
[[File:Acker-Witwenblume Knautia arvensis.jpg|thumb|Nectar-rich inflorescence attracts many insects]]
It is a perennial plant that grows between {{cvt|25|and|100|cm}}. It prefers grassy places and dry soils, avoiding heavy soils, and flowers between July and September. The flowers are borne on inflorescences in the form of heads; each head contains many small florets. The head is flatter than in similar species, such as [[Succisa pratensis|devil's bit scabious (''Succisa pratensis'')]] and small scabious (''Scabiosa columbaria''). There are 4 [[stamens]] in each floret, and 1 notched long stigma. The fruit is nut like, cylindrical and hairy, {{cvt|5|-|6|mm}} in size. It has a [[tap root]]. The stem has long stiff hairs angled downwards. The leaves form a basal [[Rosette (botany)|rosette]], are paired on the stem, the lowest typically {{cvt|300|mm}} long, spear shaped, whereas the upper are smaller. There are no [[stipules]].
It is a perennial plant that grows between {{cvt|25|and|100|cm}}. It prefers grassy places and dry soils, avoiding heavy soils, and flowers between July and September. The flowers are borne on inflorescences in the form of heads; each head contains many small florets. The head is flatter than in similar species, such as [[Succisa pratensis|devil's bit scabious (''Succisa pratensis'')]] and [[Scabiosa columbaria|small scabious (''Scabiosa columbaria'')]]. There are 4 [[stamens]] in each floret, and 1 notched long stigma. The fruit is nut like, cylindrical and hairy, {{cvt|5|-|6|mm}} in size. It has a [[tap root]]. The stem has long stiff hairs angled downwards. The leaves form a basal [[Rosette (botany)|rosette]], are paired on the stem, the lowest typically {{cvt|300|mm}} long, spear shaped, whereas the upper are smaller. There are no [[stipules]].


== Ecology ==
== Ecology ==
It is occasionally used by the [[marsh fritillary]] as a foodplant instead of its usual foodplant of devils bit scabious (''[[Succisa pratensis]]'').<ref>Kingfisher Field Guides: Wild Flowers of Britain and Northern Europe</ref> It is also the foodplant of the narrow-bordered bee hawk-moth (''[[Hemaris tityus]]'').
It is occasionally used by the [[marsh fritillary]] as a foodplant instead of its usual foodplant of devils bit scabious (''[[Succisa pratensis]]'').<ref>Kingfisher Field Guides: Wild Flowers of Britain and Northern Europe</ref> It is also the foodplant of the narrow-bordered bee hawk-moth (''[[Hemaris tityus]]'').


==Name==
==Name==
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Commonly found on roadsides and field margins, and in [[meadows]], it is particularly abundant where there is chalk bedrock.<ref>[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/about/karstAquifers/home.html British Geological Survey - Karst Aquifers]</ref><ref>[https://bsbi.org/maps?taxonid=2cd4p9h.xyv BSBI distribution maps]</ref><ref>[https://www.naturespot.org.uk/species/field-scabious Nature Spot - Field Scabious]</ref>
Commonly found on roadsides and field margins, and in [[meadows]], it is particularly abundant where there is chalk bedrock.<ref>[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/about/karstAquifers/home.html British Geological Survey - Karst Aquifers]</ref><ref>[https://bsbi.org/maps?taxonid=2cd4p9h.xyv BSBI distribution maps]</ref><ref>[https://www.naturespot.org.uk/species/field-scabious Nature Spot - Field Scabious]</ref>


== Gallery ==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Knautia arvensis - harilik äiatar.jpg|
File:Knautia arvensis - harilik äiatar.jpg
Aphantopus hyperantus knautia arvensis pl.jpg|with ''[[Aphantopus hyperantus]]''
File:Aphantopus hyperantus knautia arvensis pl.jpg|with ''[[Aphantopus hyperantus]]''
Bombus sylvarum (male) - Knautia arvensis - Keila2.jpg
File:Bombus sylvarum (male) - Knautia arvensis - Keila2.jpg
Knautia arvensis inflorescence (top view) - Keila.jpg
File:Knautia arvensis inflorescence (top view) - Keila.jpg
knauti_arvensis_blatt.jpeg|leaves
File:Knauti arvensis blatt.jpeg|leaves
XN_Knautia_arvensis_00.jpg|Young fruit
File:XN Knautia arvensis 00.jpg|Young fruit
Knautia arvensis W.jpg|basal leaf - note that in this species it is lobed, whereas [[Succisa pratensis|Devils Bit scabious]] it is not
File:Knautia arvensis W.jpg|basal leaf - note that in this species it is lobed, whereas [[Succisa pratensis|Devils Bit scabious]] it is not
Knautie des champs (Belarus).jpg|In Belarus
File:Knautie des champs (Belarus).jpg|In Belarus
File:Knautia arvensis phenology.gif|alt=A flower blooms and is pollinated|Field scabious phenology
</gallery>
</gallery>


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[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Knautia|arvensis]]
[[Category:Knautia|arvensis]]



{{Dipsacales-stub}}
{{Dipsacales-stub}}

Latest revision as of 19:33, 17 January 2024

Knautia arvensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Dipsacales
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Genus: Knautia
Species:
K. arvensis
Binomial name
Knautia arvensis

Knautia arvensis, commonly known as field scabious, is a herbaceous perennial species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae.

Description

[edit]
Nectar-rich inflorescence attracts many insects

It is a perennial plant that grows between 25 and 100 cm (9.8 and 39.4 in). It prefers grassy places and dry soils, avoiding heavy soils, and flowers between July and September. The flowers are borne on inflorescences in the form of heads; each head contains many small florets. The head is flatter than in similar species, such as devil's bit scabious (Succisa pratensis) and small scabious (Scabiosa columbaria). There are 4 stamens in each floret, and 1 notched long stigma. The fruit is nut like, cylindrical and hairy, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) in size. It has a tap root. The stem has long stiff hairs angled downwards. The leaves form a basal rosette, are paired on the stem, the lowest typically 300 mm (12 in) long, spear shaped, whereas the upper are smaller. There are no stipules.

Ecology

[edit]

It is occasionally used by the marsh fritillary as a foodplant instead of its usual foodplant of devils bit scabious (Succisa pratensis).[1] It is also the foodplant of the narrow-bordered bee hawk-moth (Hemaris tityus).

Name

[edit]

Species of scabious were used to treat scabies, and many other afflictions of the skin including sores caused by the bubonic plague. The word scabies comes from the Latin word scabere 'scratch'. Another name for this plant is gipsy rose.[2] The genus Knautia is named after a 17th-century German botanist, Christian Knaut.

Habitat

[edit]

Commonly found on roadsides and field margins, and in meadows, it is particularly abundant where there is chalk bedrock.[3][4][5]

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kingfisher Field Guides: Wild Flowers of Britain and Northern Europe
  2. ^ The I-Spy Guide to Wild Flowers by Michelin
  3. ^ British Geological Survey - Karst Aquifers
  4. ^ BSBI distribution maps
  5. ^ Nature Spot - Field Scabious


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