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* [[Vladimir Vdovichenkov]]
* [[Vladimir Vdovichenkov]]
* [[Roman Madyanov]]
* [[Roman Madyanov]]
⚫
* [[Anna Ukolova]]
* [[Aleksey Rozin]]
* Sergey Pokhodaev
* Valery Grishko
* Sergey Bachursky
* Platon Kamenev
}}
}}
| cinematography = [[Mikhail Krichman]]
| cinematography = [[Mikhail Krichman]]
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* RuArts Foundation<ref name=thr/>
* RuArts Foundation<ref name=thr/>
}}
}}
| distributor = Fox<ref name=mojo/><!-- Sony distributed it in the US, but this field is for the Russian distributor. See [[WP:FILMDIST]]. -->
| distributor = [[20th Century Fox]]<ref name=mojo/><!-- Sony distributed it in the US, but this field is for the Russian distributor. See [[WP:FILMDIST]]. -->
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2014|5|23|[[2014 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]]|2015|2|5|Russia}}
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2014|5|23|[[2014 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]]|2015|2|5|Russia}}
| runtime = 141 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 141:27--><ref>{{cite web | url=http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/leviathan-film-0 | title=''LEVIATHAN'' (15) | publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=17 October 2014 | access-date=24 November 2014}}</ref>
| runtime = 141 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 141:27--><ref>{{cite web | url=http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/leviathan-film-0 | title=''LEVIATHAN'' (15) | publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=17 October 2014 | access-date=24 November 2014}}</ref>
| country = Russia
| country = Russia
| language = Russian
| language = Russian
| budget = 220 million [[Russian ruble|RUB]] ({{US$|7 million|link=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rizov |first1=Vadim |title=“A Little Person Against the Government Machine”: Andrey Zvyagintsev on Leviathan |url=https://filmmakermagazine.com/88764-a-little-person-against-the-government-machine-andrey-zvyagintsev-on-leviathan |publisher=[[Filmmaker (magazine)|Filmmaker Magazine]] |access-date=2021-08-11 |language=en}}</ref>)
| budget = 220 million [[Russian ruble|RUB]] ({{US$|7 million|link=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rizov |first1=Vadim |title="A Little Person Against the Government Machine": Andrey Zvyagintsev on Leviathan |date=25 December 2014 |url=https://filmmakermagazine.com/88764-a-little-person-against-the-government-machine-andrey-zvyagintsev-on-leviathan |publisher=[[Filmmaker (magazine)|Filmmaker Magazine]] |access-date=2021-08-11 |language=en}}</ref>)
| gross = $3.4&nbsp;million<ref name=mojo>{{cite web | url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=leviathan2014.htm | title=Leviathan (2014) | work=[[Box Office Mojo]] | publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]] | access-date=8 March 2015}}</ref>
| gross = $3.4&nbsp;million<ref name=mojo>{{cite web | url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=leviathan2014.htm | title=Leviathan (2014) | work=[[Box Office Mojo]] | publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]] | access-date=8 March 2015}}</ref>
}}
}}
'''''Leviathan''''' ({{Lang-ru|link=no|Левиафан}}, ''Leviafan'') is a 2014 Russian [[crime drama]] film directed by [[Andrey Zvyagintsev]], co-written by Zvyagintsev and [[Oleg Negin]], and starring [[Aleksei Serebryakov (actor)|Aleksei Serebryakov]], [[Elena Lyadova]], and [[Vladimir Vdovichenkov]].
'''''Leviathan''''' ({{Langx|ru|link=no|Левиафан}}, ''Leviafan'') is a 2014 Russian [[crime drama]] film directed by [[Andrey Zvyagintsev]], co-written by Zvyagintsev and [[Oleg Negin]], and starring [[Aleksei Serebryakov (actor)|Aleksei Serebryakov]], [[Elena Lyadova]], [[Vladimir Vdovichenkov]], and [[Roman Madyanov]].


According to Zvyagintsev, the story of [[Marvin Heemeyer]]'s 2004 rampage through a small US town using a modified bulldozer inspired him. A similar concept was adapted into a Russian setting.<ref>[http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2470098 «Если больше нет юродивых, кто скажет о беззаконии и лжи?»], Kommersant.ru, 14 May 2014</ref> The character development of the protagonist parallels a
According to Zvyagintsev, the story of [[Marvin Heemeyer]]'s 2004 rampage through a small US town using a modified [[bulldozer]] inspired him. A similar concept was adapted into a Russian setting.<ref>[http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2470098 «Если больше нет юродивых, кто скажет о беззаконии и лжи?»], Kommersant.ru, 14 May 2014</ref> The character development of the protagonist parallels a
biblical figure [[Job (biblical figure)|Job]] and the story of [[Naboth's Vineyard]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/159579|title=What Does the Film Leviathan Tell Us about Putin's Russia and its Past? &#124; History News Network}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/nov/06/leviathan-review-story-of-job|title=Leviathan review – a compellingly told, stunningly shot drama|first=Peter|last=Bradshaw|date=6 November 2014 |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> The producer [[Alexander Rodnyansky]] has said: "It deals with some of the most important social issues of contemporary Russia while never becoming an artist's sermon or a public statement; it is a story of love and tragedy experienced by ordinary people".<ref name="variety">{{Cite web|last1=Hopewell|first1=John|last2=Keslassy|first2=Elsa|date=17 February 2014|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/berlin-pyramide-intl-rolls-out-pre-sales-on-leviathan-russian-director-andrey-zvyagintsevs-follow-up-to-elena-1201108816/|title=Berlin – Pyramide Intl. Rolls Out Pre-sales on 'Leviathan,' Russian Director Andrey Zvyagintsev's Follow-Up to 'Elena'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=21 March 2014}}</ref> Critics noted the film as being formidable,<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/22/cannes-2014-leviathan-review-film|title=Cannes 2014 review: Leviathan - a new Russian masterpiece|first=Peter|last=Bradshaw|date=22 May 2014 |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/reviews/cannes-film-review-leviathan-1201189022/|title=Film Review: 'Leviathan'|first=Peter|last=Debruge|date=23 May 2014|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> dealing with quirks of fate, power and money.<ref name="theguardian.com"/>
biblical figure [[Job (biblical figure)|Job]] and the story of [[Naboth's Vineyard]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/159579|title=What Does the Film Leviathan Tell Us about Putin's Russia and its Past? &#124; History News Network|date=16 June 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/nov/06/leviathan-review-story-of-job|title=Leviathan review – a compellingly told, stunningly shot drama|first=Peter|last=Bradshaw|date=6 November 2014 |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> The producer [[Alexander Rodnyansky]] has said: "It deals with some of the most important social issues of contemporary Russia while never becoming an artist's sermon or a public statement; it is a story of love and tragedy experienced by ordinary people".<ref name="variety">{{Cite web|last1=Hopewell|first1=John|last2=Keslassy|first2=Elsa|date=17 February 2014|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/berlin-pyramide-intl-rolls-out-pre-sales-on-leviathan-russian-director-andrey-zvyagintsevs-follow-up-to-elena-1201108816/|title=Berlin – Pyramide Intl. Rolls Out Pre-sales on 'Leviathan,' Russian Director Andrey Zvyagintsev's Follow-Up to 'Elena'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=21 March 2014}}</ref> Critics noted the film as being formidable,<ref name="theguardian.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/22/cannes-2014-leviathan-review-film|title=Cannes 2014 review: Leviathan - a new Russian masterpiece|first=Peter|last=Bradshaw|date=22 May 2014 |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/reviews/cannes-film-review-leviathan-1201189022/|title=Film Review: 'Leviathan'|first=Peter|last=Debruge|date=23 May 2014|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> dealing with quirks of fate, power and money.<ref name="theguardian.com"/>


The film was selected to compete for the [[Palme d'Or]] in the main competition section at the [[2014 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name="Cannes2014">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/60533.html |title=2014 Official Selection |work=Cannes Film Festival |access-date=17 April 2014}}</ref> Zvyagintsev and Negin won the award for [[Best Screenplay Award (Cannes Film Festival)|Best Screenplay]].<ref name="2014Winners">{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/awardCompetition.html |title=Awards 2014 : Competition |work=Cannes Film Festival |access-date=25 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023133531/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/awardCompetition.html |archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> The film was judged the best film of the year at the 2014 [[BFI London Film Festival]] and the 45th [[International Film Festival of India]]. It won the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] award at the [[72nd Golden Globe Awards]].<ref name="dickclark.com">[http://www.dickclark.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/72nd-Annual-Golden-Globes-Nominations.pdf 72ND ANNUAL GOLDEN GLOBE® AWARDS NOMINEES ANNOUNCED]. dickclark.com. Retrieved 11 December 2014</ref> and the [[Asia Pacific Screen Awards|Asia Pacific Screen Award]] for Best Feature Film in 2014.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.asiapacificscreenawards.com/news-events/8th-annual-asia-pacific-screen-award-winners | title=8th Annual Asia Pacific Screen Award Winners | date=11 December 2014 | publisher=Asia Pacific Screen Awards | access-date=7 January 2019}}</ref> It was also nominated for an [[Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[List of submissions to the 87th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|87th Academy Awards]]. It was picked as the 47th greatest film since 2000 in a 2016 critics' poll by [[BBC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160819-the-21st-centurys-100-greatest-films |title=The 21st Century's 100 greatest films |publisher=BBC |date=23 August 2016 |access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref>
The film was selected to compete for the [[Palme d'Or]] in the main competition section at the [[2014 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref name="Cannes2014">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/60533.html |title=2014 Official Selection |work=Cannes Film Festival |access-date=17 April 2014}}</ref> Zvyagintsev and Negin won the award for [[Best Screenplay Award (Cannes Film Festival)|Best Screenplay]].<ref name="2014Winners">{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/awardCompetition.html |title=Awards 2014 : Competition |work=Cannes Film Festival |access-date=25 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023133531/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/awardCompetition.html |archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> The film was judged the best film of the year at the 2014 [[BFI London Film Festival]] and the 45th [[International Film Festival of India]]. It won the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] award at the [[72nd Golden Globe Awards]].<ref name="dickclark.com">[http://www.dickclark.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/72nd-Annual-Golden-Globes-Nominations.pdf 72ND ANNUAL GOLDEN GLOBE® AWARDS NOMINEES ANNOUNCED]. dickclark.com. Retrieved 11 December 2014</ref> and the [[Asia Pacific Screen Awards|Asia Pacific Screen Award]] for Best Feature Film in 2014.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.asiapacificscreenawards.com/news-events/8th-annual-asia-pacific-screen-award-winners | title=8th Annual Asia Pacific Screen Award Winners | date=11 December 2014 | publisher=Asia Pacific Screen Awards | access-date=7 January 2019}}</ref> It was also nominated for an [[Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[List of submissions to the 87th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|87th Academy Awards]].


==Plot==
==Plot summary==
[[File:Дом Николая.JPG|thumbnail|House of Kolya ({{coord|69.163053|N|35.129944|E}})]]
[[File:Дом Николая.JPG|thumbnail|House of Kolya ({{coord|69.163053|N|35.129944|E}})]]
In a northern Russian coastal town live Kolya, a hotheaded car mechanic, his second wife Lilya and his teenage son, Roma. The town's corrupt Mayor Vadim is plotting legal chicanery to expropriate the beautiful seaside land on which Kolya's house is built. The city is forcefully compensating Kolya with a grossly undervalued sum, and Kolya believes the mayor wants the land to build a villa for himself. Kolya's old friend Dima, a sharp and successful lawyer from Moscow, arrives in town to fight the expropriation through the local court system.
In the northern Russian coastal town of Pribrezhny live Nikolay Sergeyev, a hotheaded car mechanic; his second wife, Lilya; and his teenage son, Romka. The town's corrupt Mayor Vadim Sergeyevich is plotting legal chicanery to expropriate the beautiful seaside land on which Nikolay's house is built. The town is forcefully compensating Nikolay with a grossly undervalued sum of 649,000 [[Russian rouble|roubles]], and Nikolay believes the Mayor wants the land to build a villa for himself. Nikolay's old friend Dmitry Seleznyov, a sharp and successful lawyer from Moscow, arrives in town to fight the expropriation through the local court system.


After the court rules in favor of the expropriation, Kolya is arrested at the police station for shouting at the officers, and no one in government will accept Dima's new criminal filing against the mayor. However, Dima meets with the mayor, extorting him with a thick folder of incriminating evidence proving his past crimes. A shocked mayor agrees to release Kolya and pay 3.5 million rubles. In a local hotel room, Dima and Lilya have an affair.
After the court rules in favor of the expropriation, Nikolay is arrested at the police station for shouting at the officers, and no one in government will accept Dmitry's new criminal filing against the mayor. However, Dmitry meets with the mayor, extorting him with a thick folder of incriminating evidence proving his past crimes. A shocked mayor agrees to release Nikolay and pay 3.5 million roubles. In a local hotel room, Dmitry and Lilya have an affair.


The next day the family and Dima attend the seaside, birthday cookout of Kolya's friend Ivan Stepanich, where a child runs to the group saying that he just saw Dima choking Lilya. Kolya runs to find them. Afterward, Dima and Lilya drive back silent together, both with facial bruises. Meanwhile, Mayor Vadim goes for help to one of his crony bosses, the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] bishop, who tells him that all power comes from God and encourages him to stop whining to him and solve his problems forcefully. When Dima next meets with the mayor to finalize the payment, the mayor's thugs beat Dima and the mayor carries out a mock execution, advising him to return to Moscow. A conciliatory Lilya returns home to Kolya, but is depressed. Dima stands sadly looking out the window of a moving train.
The next day, the Sergeyevs and Dmitry attend the seaside birthday cookout of Nikolay's friend Ivan Stepanich, where a child runs to the group saying that he just saw Dmitry choking Lilya. Nikolay runs to find them, gunshots heard. Afterward, Dmitry and Lilya drive back silently together, both with facial bruises. Meanwhile, Mayor Vadim Sergeyevich goes for help to one of his crony bosses, the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] bishop, who tells him that all power comes from God and encourages him to stop whining to him and solve his problems forcefully. When Dmitry next time meets with the mayor to finalize the payment, the mayor's thugs beat Dmitry, and the mayor carries out a mock execution, advising him to return to Moscow. A conciliatory Lilya returns home to Nikolay but is depressed. Dmitry stands sadly looking out the window of a moving train.


While the family is packing to move out, Kolya forces himself on Lilya, and Roma accidentally glimpses them in intercourse and flees the house, collapsing in tears by a whale skeleton on the shore. He returns home late, screaming that Lilya leave forever. That night Lilya is unable to sleep, and instead of going to work in the morning, she goes alone to the ocean cliff. When she turns up missing, Kolya desperately searches for her and increases his already very heavy consumption of vodka. Her body is discovered a few days later on the shore. A mournful, drunk Kolya asks the local Orthodox priest why God is doing this to him. The pious priest, quotes from the Biblical book of Job, and counsels Kolya that, when Job accepted his fate, he was rewarded with a long and happy life.
While the family is packing to move out, Nikolay forces himself on Lilya, and Romka accidentally glimpses them in intercourse and flees the house, collapsing in tears by a whale skeleton on the shore. He returns home late, screaming that Lilya leave forever. That night Lilya is unable to sleep, and instead of going to work in the morning, she goes alone to the ocean cliff. When she turns up missing, Nikolay desperately searches for her and increases his already very heavy consumption of vodka. Her body is discovered a few days later on the shore. A mournful, drunk Nikolay asks the local Orthodox priest Father Vasily why God is doing this to him. Vasily quotes from the Biblical book of Job and counsels Nikolay that when Job accepted his fate, he was rewarded with a long and happy life.


The next morning Kolya is arrested for murder. The prosecutor claims to have evidence that Kolya had sex with her, killed her with his hammer, and threw her into the sea to hide it. Evidence includes his and Lilya's own friends' testimonies about threats he made to Lilya and Dima when he discovered them having sex at the cookout. Kolya is convicted and sentenced to fifteen years. With no family left, Roma reluctantly agrees to be taken in by Kolya's former friends, to avoid being sent to an orphanage. Mayor Vadim receives a call informing him of Kolya's sentence, and the mayor gloats that Kolya will now know to keep in his place. Kolya's house is torn down.
The next morning, Nikolay is arrested for murder. The investigator claims to have evidence that Nikolay had sex with Lilya, killed her with his hammer, and threw her into the sea to hide it. Evidence includes his and Lilya's own friends' testimonies about threats he made to Lilya and Dmitry when he discovered them having sex at the picnic. Nikolay is convicted and sentenced to fifteen years. With no family left, Romka reluctantly agrees to be taken in by Kolya's former friends Polivanovs to avoid being sent to an orphanage. The Mayor receives a call informing him of Nikolay's sentence, and then gloats that he will now know to keep in his place. Sergeyev's house is torn down.


The bishop gives a sermon extoling the virtues of God's truth versus the world's truth, and says that good intentions do not excuse evil acts. He urges the congregation, with the mayor attending, not to act with force or cunning, but to put their trust in Christ. The mayor finalizes the plans for a lavish church on Kolya's old property, and he and other local leaders drive away in their luxury European cars.
The bishop gives a sermon extolling the virtues of God's truth versus the world's truth and says that good intentions do not excuse evil acts. He urges the congregation, with the mayor attending, not to act with force or cunning but to put their trust in Christ. As the mayor and other local leaders exit the church and drive away in their luxury European and Japanese cars, it is revealed to be Nikolay's old property.


==Cast==
==Cast==
* [[Aleksei Serebryakov (actor)|Aleksei Serebryakov]] as Kolya
* [[Aleksei Serebryakov (actor)|Aleksei Serebryakov]] as Nikolay Nikolayevich Sergeyev, "Kolya"
* [[Roman Madyanov]] as Vadim, the mayor
* [[Roman Madyanov]] as Vadim Sergeyevich Shelevyat, the Mayor of Pribrezhny
* [[Vladimir Vdovichenkov]] as Dima, the lawyer friend
* [[Vladimir Vdovichenkov]] as Dmitry Mikhaylovich Seleznyov, "Dima", the lawyer friend
* [[Elena Lyadova]] as Lilya
* [[Elena Lyadova]] as Lilya Petrovna Sergeyeva
* Sergey Pokhodaev as Roma
* Sergey Pokhodaev as Roman Sergeyev, "Romka"
* [[Aleksey Rozin]] as [[GIBDD|Traffic Police]] Senior Sergeant Pavel Sergeyevich Polivanov, "Pasha"
⚫
* [[Anna Ukolova]] as Anzhela
* [[Igor Savochkin]] as investigator
* [[Anna Ukolova]] as Anzhela Ivanovna Polivanova
* Sergey Bachursky as [[GIBDD|Traffic Police]] Lt. Colonel Ivan Stepanovich Degtyaryov, "Stepanych"
⚫
* [[Margarita Shubina]] as Goryunovа, the prosecutor
* [[Igor Savochkin]] as the Investigator
* Platon Kamenev as Vitya, the son of Polivanovs
* Valery Grishko as the Bishop
* Alla Yemintseva as Tarasova, the Presiding Judge
⚫
* [[Margarita Shubina]] as Goryunovа, the Prosecutor
* Dmitry Bykovsky as Colonel Tkachuk, the Police Chief
* Igor Sergeyev as Father Vasily


==Production==
==Production==
When [[Andrey Zvyagintsev]] produced a short film in the United States, he was told the story of [[Marvin Heemeyer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rbth.co.uk/arts/2014/10/28/andrey_zvyagintsev_on_art-house_film_spirituality_and_the_rule_of_law_40933.html|title=Andrey Zvyagintsev: On art-house film, spirituality and the rule of law|publisher=RBTH |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> He was amazed by this story and wanted initially to make his film in the US, but then changed his mind.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/29/leviathan-russian-cannes-movie-putin-attack|title=Leviathan: the Cannes hit which absolutely definitely doesn't put the boot in to Putin|first=Catherine|last=Shoard|date=29 May 2014 |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> The screenplay was written by Zvyagintsev and [[Oleg Negin]] and is loosely adapted from the biblical stories of [[Job (biblical figure)|Job]] from [[Land of Uz|Uz]] and [[King Ahab]] of [[Samaria (ancient city)|Samaria]] and [[Heinrich von Kleist]]'s novella ''[[Michael Kohlhaas]]''. The script features more than fifteen characters, which is unusually many for a film by Zvyagintsev.
When [[Andrey Zvyagintsev]] produced a short film in the United States, he was told the story of [[Marvin Heemeyer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rbth.co.uk/arts/2014/10/28/andrey_zvyagintsev_on_art-house_film_spirituality_and_the_rule_of_law_40933.html|title=Andrey Zvyagintsev: On art-house film, spirituality and the rule of law|date=28 October 2014 |publisher=RBTH |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> He was amazed by this story and wanted initially to make his film in the US, but then changed his mind.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/29/leviathan-russian-cannes-movie-putin-attack|title=Leviathan: the Cannes hit which absolutely definitely doesn't put the boot in to Putin|first=Catherine|last=Shoard|date=29 May 2014 |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> The screenplay was written by Zvyagintsev and [[Oleg Negin]] and is loosely adapted from the biblical stories of [[Job (biblical figure)|Job]] from [[Land of Uz|Uz]] and [[King Ahab]] of [[Samaria (ancient city)|Samaria]] and [[Heinrich von Kleist]]'s novella ''[[Michael Kohlhaas]]''. The script features more than fifteen characters, which is unusually many for a film by Zvyagintsev.


[[Principal photography]] took place in towns [[Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast|Kirovsk]], [[Monchegorsk]], [[Olenegorsk, Murmansk Oblast|Olenegorsk]], near [[Murmansk]] on the [[Kola Peninsula]]. Preparations on the set began in May 2013. Principal photography took place during three months from August to October the same year.<ref name="trud">{{Cite web|last=Павлючик|first=Леонид|date=27 March 2013|url=http://www.trud.ru/article/27-03-2013/1291320_zvjagintsev_film_leviafan_budet_mnogoljudnym.html|script-title=ru:Звягинцев: Фильм "Левиафан" будет многолюдным|language=ru|work=[[Trud (Russian newspaper)|Trud]]|access-date=21 March 2014}}</ref> Filming of exterior scenes for ''Leviathan'' took place in the town of [[Teriberka]] on the Barents Sea coast.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/world_news/Europe/article1511077.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212020652/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/world_news/Europe/article1511077.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 February 2015 |title=Hot Oscar tip from Russia gives Kremlin the shivers |date=25 January 2015 |work=The Sunday Times |access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref>
[[Principal photography]] took place in towns [[Kirovsk, Murmansk Oblast|Kirovsk]], [[Monchegorsk]], [[Olenegorsk, Murmansk Oblast|Olenegorsk]], near [[Murmansk]] on the [[Kola Peninsula]]. Preparations on the set began in May 2013. Principal photography took place during three months from August to October the same year.<ref name="trud">{{Cite web|last=Павлючик|first=Леонид|date=27 March 2013|url=http://www.trud.ru/article/27-03-2013/1291320_zvjagintsev_film_leviafan_budet_mnogoljudnym.html|script-title=ru:Звягинцев: Фильм "Левиафан" будет многолюдным|language=ru|work=[[Trud (Russian newspaper)|Trud]]|access-date=21 March 2014}}</ref> Filming of exterior scenes for ''Leviathan'' took place in the town of [[Teriberka]] on the Barents Sea coast.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/world_news/Europe/article1511077.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212020652/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/world_news/Europe/article1511077.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 February 2015 |title=Hot Oscar tip from Russia gives Kremlin the shivers |date=25 January 2015 |work=The Sunday Times |access-date=12 February 2017}}</ref>
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The soundtrack includes an extract from the 1983 opera ''[[Akhnaten (opera)|Akhnaten]]'' by [[Philip Glass]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2802154/soundtrack|title=Leviathan (2014) |website=IMDb |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref>
The soundtrack includes an extract from the 1983 opera ''[[Akhnaten (opera)|Akhnaten]]'' by [[Philip Glass]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2802154/soundtrack|title=Leviathan (2014) |website=IMDb |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref>


==Reception==
==Critical reception==
===Critical response===
On [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film has an approval rating of 97% based on 147 reviews, and an average rating of 8.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "''Leviathan'' lives up to its title, offering trenchant, well-crafted social satire on a suitably grand scale."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/leviafan |title=''Leviathan'' (2014) |work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media]] |access-date=16 February 2018}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], based on 34 reviews, ''Leviathan'' holds an average score of 92 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/leviathan-2014|title=''Leviathan'' Reviews|work=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=16 February 2018}}</ref>

[[Peter Bradshaw]], writing a full five-star review for ''[[The Guardian]]'', gave the film great praise. Bradshaw thought that the film was "acted and directed with unflinching ambition" and described the film as "a forbidding and intimidating piece of work... a movie with real grandeur".<ref>{{cite news |last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/22/cannes-2014-leviathan-review-film |title=Cannes review: Leviathan – a new Russian masterpiece |date=22 May 2014 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=22 May 2014}}</ref> Finding parallels with the Book of Job, ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'' equated the villains with "[[Leviathan]] itself" and three characters (played by Vladimir Vdovichenkov, [[Aleksey Rozin]] and [[Anna Ukolova]]) with Job's [[Book of Job#Job's opening monologue and dialogues between Job and his three friends|three friends]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nybooks.com/event/leviathan-zvyagintsev/ |title=Leviathan |work=[[The New York Review of Books]] |access-date=3 July 2018}}</ref>
[[Peter Bradshaw]], writing a full five-star review for ''[[The Guardian]]'', gave the film great praise. Bradshaw thought that the film was "acted and directed with unflinching ambition" and described the film as "a forbidding and intimidating piece of work... a movie with real grandeur".<ref>{{cite news |last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/22/cannes-2014-leviathan-review-film |title=Cannes review: Leviathan – a new Russian masterpiece |date=22 May 2014 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=22 May 2014}}</ref> Finding parallels with the Book of Job, ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'' equated the villains with "[[Leviathan]] itself" and three characters (played by Vladimir Vdovichenkov, [[Aleksey Rozin]] and [[Anna Ukolova]]) with Job's [[Book of Job#Job's opening monologue and dialogues between Job and his three friends|three friends]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nybooks.com/event/leviathan-zvyagintsev/ |title=Leviathan |work=[[The New York Review of Books]] |access-date=3 July 2018}}</ref>


On [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film has an approval rating of 97% based on 150 reviews, and an average rating of 8.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "''Leviathan'' lives up to its title, offering trenchant, well-crafted social satire on a suitably grand scale."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/leviafan |title=''Leviathan'' (2014) |work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media]] |access-date=16 February 2018}}</ref> On [[Metacritic]], based on 34 reviews, ''Leviathan'' holds an average score of 92 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/leviathan-2014|title=''Leviathan'' Reviews|work=Metacritic|access-date=16 February 2018}}</ref>
''Leviathan'' was picked as the 47th greatest film since 2000 in a 2016 critics' poll by [[BBC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160819-the-21st-centurys-100-greatest-films |title=The 21st Century's 100 greatest films |publisher=BBC |date=23 August 2016 |access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> In 2019 ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' critic [[Todd McCarthy]] was ranked ''Leviathan'' the 6th greatest film of the decade.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/10-best-films-decade-1260056/ | title=The 10 Best Films of the Decade | website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] | date=6 December 2019 }}</ref>


===Criticism===
===Criticism===
Thirty-five percent of the funding for ''Leviathan'' came from Russia's [[Ministry of Culture (Russia)|Ministry of Culture]].<ref name="film1">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/sep/29/putin-bashing-film-leviathan-named-as-russias-oscar-contender |title=Putin-bashing film Leviathan named as Russia's Oscar contender |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2014 |access-date=2015-01-31}}</ref> [[Vladimir Medinsky]], the then Minister of Culture and a conservative historian, acknowledged that the film showed talented moviemaking but said that he did not like it.<ref name="NYT012715">{{cite news|author1=Neil MacFarquhar|title=Russian Movie 'Leviathan' Gets Applause in Hollywood but Scorn at Home|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/28/world/europe/leviathan-arussian-movie-gets-applause-in-hollywood-but-scorn-at-home.html |work=The New York Times |date=27 January 2015 |access-date=28 January 2015}}</ref> He sharply criticized its portrayal of ordinary Russians as swearing, vodka-swigging people, which he does not recognize from his experience as a Russian or that of "real Russians". He thought it strange that there is not a single positive character in the movie and implied that the director was not fond of Russians but rather "fame, red carpets and statuettes". In 2015 the Ministry of Culture proposed guidelines which would ban movies that "defile" the [[Russian culture|national culture]].<ref name="NYT012715" />
Thirty-five percent of the funding for ''Leviathan'' came from Russia's [[Ministry of Culture (Russia)|Ministry of Culture]].<ref name="film1">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/sep/29/putin-bashing-film-leviathan-named-as-russias-oscar-contender |title=Putin-bashing film Leviathan named as Russia's Oscar contender |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=24 September 2014 |access-date=2015-01-31}}</ref> [[Vladimir Medinsky]], the then Minister of Culture and a conservative historian, acknowledged that the film showed talented moviemaking but said that he did not like it.<ref name="NYT012715">{{cite news|author1=Neil MacFarquhar|title=Russian Movie 'Leviathan' Gets Applause in Hollywood but Scorn at Home|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/28/world/europe/leviathan-arussian-movie-gets-applause-in-hollywood-but-scorn-at-home.html |work=The New York Times |date=27 January 2015 |access-date=28 January 2015}}</ref> He sharply criticized its portrayal of ordinary Russians as swearing, vodka-swigging people, which he does not recognize from his experience as a Russian or that of "real Russians". He thought it strange that there is not a single positive character in the movie and implied that the director was not fond of Russians but rather "fame, red carpets and statuettes". In 2015 the Ministry of Culture proposed guidelines which would ban movies that "defile" the [[Russian culture|national culture]].<ref name="NYT012715" />


In turn, when appearing on oppositional TV channel Dozhd, director Zvyagintsev was criticised by journalist [[Ksenia Sobchak]] for accepting government subsidies. Specifically, Sobchak asked whether government funding had had no influence on the content of the movie. In response, Zvyagintsev maintained that he had always felt completely independent from the Ministry in writing and shooting the movie.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}
In turn, when appearing on oppositional [[TV Rain|TV channel Dozhd]], director Zvyagintsev was criticised by journalist [[Ksenia Sobchak]] for accepting government subsidies. Specifically, Sobchak asked whether government funding had had no influence on the content of the movie. In response, Zvyagintsev maintained that he had always felt completely independent from the Ministry in writing and shooting the movie.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}


[[Vladimir Pozner Jr.|Vladimir Pozner]], a veteran Russian journalist, said: "Anything seen as being critical of Russia in any way is automatically seen as either another Western attempt to denigrate Russia and the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], or it's the work of some kind of [[fifth column]] of Russia-phobes who are paid by the West to do their anti-Russian work or are simply themselves profoundly anti-Russian."<ref name="NYT012715" />
[[Vladimir Pozner Jr.|Vladimir Pozner]], a veteran Russian journalist, said: "Anything seen as being critical of Russia in any way is automatically seen as either another Western attempt to denigrate Russia and the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], or it's the work of some kind of [[fifth column]] of Russia-phobes who are paid by the West to do their anti-Russian work or are simply themselves profoundly anti-Russian."<ref name="NYT012715" />


Metropolitan Simon of Murmansk and Monchegorsk, the diocese where the movie was filmed, issued a statement calling it "honest". He said that ''Leviathan'' raised important questions about the state of the country.<ref name="NYT012715" />
Metropolitan Simon of Murmansk and Monchegorsk, the diocese where the movie was filmed, issued a statement calling it "honest". He said that ''Leviathan'' raised important questions about the state of the country.<ref name="NYT012715" />
⚫
===Accolades===

⚫
On 28 September 2014, it was announced that ''Leviathan'' would be Russia's [[List of submissions to the 87th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|submission]] for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[87th Academy Awards]].<ref name="Russia">{{cite web |url=http://itar-tass.com/kultura/1472557 |title=Фильм Андрея Звягинцева "Левиафан" выдвинут на "Оскар" |work=Itar-Tass |access-date=28 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="GlobalPost">{{cite web |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/140928/russia-backs-social-drama-leviathan-oscar-after-cannes-win |title=Russia backs social drama Leviathan for Oscar after Cannes win |work=GlobalPost |access-date=28 September 2014}}</ref> It made the January Shortlist of nine films,<ref name="Shortlist">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/news/9-foreign-language-films-advance-oscarr-race-0 |title=9 Foreign Language Films Advance in Oscar Race |work=AMPAS |access-date=19 December 2014}}</ref> before being nominated later that month.<ref name="Nominees">{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/15/oscar-nominations-2015_n_6473542.html |title=Oscar Nominations 2015: See The Full List |work=The Huffington Post |date=15 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref>
⚫
==Accolades==
⚫
On 28 September 2014, it was announced that ''Leviathan'' would be Russia's [[List of submissions to the 87th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film|submission]] for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[87th Academy Awards]].<ref name="Russia">{{cite web |url=http://itar-tass.com/kultura/1472557 |title=Фильм Андрея Звягинцева "Левиафан" выдвинут на "Оскар" |work=Itar-Tass |access-date=28 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="GlobalPost">{{cite web |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/140928/russia-backs-social-drama-leviathan-oscar-after-cannes-win |title=Russia backs social drama Leviathan for Oscar after Cannes win |work=GlobalPost |access-date=28 September 2014}}</ref> It made the January Shortlist of nine films,<ref name="Shortlist">{{cite web |url=http://www.oscars.org/news/9-foreign-language-films-advance-oscarr-race-0 |title=9 Foreign Language Films Advance in Oscar Race |work=AMPAS |access-date=19 December 2014}}</ref> before being nominated later that month.<ref name="Nominees">{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/15/oscar-nominations-2015_n_6473542.html |title=Oscar Nominations 2015: See The Full List |work=The Huffington Post |access-date=15 January 2015}}</ref>


The film was named the Best Film at the [[BFI London Film Festival|London Film Festival Awards]] on 18 October 2014, at a ceremony where the main prizes went to Russia, Ukraine and Syria, three countries at the centre of long-running conflicts. The winning film-makers all said they hoped that culture could help to restore peace to their countries.<ref name="UK Screen">{{cite web |url=http://ukscreen.com/news/international-politics-creeps-into-lff-awards/ |title=International Politics Creeps into LFF Awards |work=UK Screen |access-date=18 October 2014}}</ref> It was nominated for and won the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] award at the [[72nd Golden Globe Awards]].<ref name="dickclark.com"/> The film was adjudged the best film of the [[International Film Festival of India|45th International Film Festival of India]].
The film was named the Best Film at the [[BFI London Film Festival|London Film Festival Awards]] on 18 October 2014, at a ceremony where the main prizes went to Russia, Ukraine and Syria, three countries at the centre of long-running conflicts. The winning film-makers all said they hoped that culture could help to restore peace to their countries.<ref name="UK Screen">{{cite web |url=http://ukscreen.com/news/international-politics-creeps-into-lff-awards/ |title=International Politics Creeps into LFF Awards |work=UK Screen |access-date=18 October 2014}}</ref> It was nominated for and won the [[Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] award at the [[72nd Golden Globe Awards]].<ref name="dickclark.com"/> The film was adjudged the best film of the [[International Film Festival of India|45th International Film Festival of India]].


Following the Golden Globe Award, ''Leviathan'' was leaked online among some of the other Oscar 2015 nominated films. On 12 January the website "Thank you, Leviathan filmmakers" appeared on the internet encouraging social media users to contribute any amount as a gratitude to the filmmakers.<ref name="Thank You Leviathan">{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/fundraiser-established-piracy-afflicted-russian-763747 |title=Leviathan Thank you Website opening |work=The Hollywood Reporter |access-date=15 January 2015 }}</ref> Alexander Rodnyanskiy, ''Leviathan'''s producer, supported the initiative of Slava's Smirnov (the website's author and an independent digital producer) and asked to transfer the money to the [[Podari Zhizn]] charity fund which is held by actresses [[Chulpan Khamatova]] and [[Dina Korzun]].<ref name="Oscar Nominee won't sue pirates, accepts donations instead">{{cite web |url=https://torrentfreak.com/oscar-nominee-wont-sue-pirates-accepts-donations-instead-150115/ |title=Authors supported the fan's initiative |work=TorrentFreak |access-date=16 January 2015}}</ref>
Following the Golden Globe Award, ''Leviathan'' was leaked online among some of the other Oscar 2015 nominated films. On 12 January the website "Thank you, Leviathan filmmakers" appeared on the internet encouraging social media users to contribute any amount as a gratitude to the filmmakers.<ref name="Thank You Leviathan">{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/fundraiser-established-piracy-afflicted-russian-763747 |title=Leviathan Thank you Website opening |work=The Hollywood Reporter |date=14 January 2015 |access-date=15 January 2015 }}</ref> Alexander Rodnyanskiy, ''Leviathan''{{'}}s producer, supported the initiative of Slava's Smirnov (the website's author and an independent digital producer) and asked to transfer the money to the [[Podari Zhizn]] charity fund which is held by actresses [[Chulpan Khamatova]] and [[Dina Korzun]].<ref name="Oscar Nominee won't sue pirates, accepts donations instead">{{cite web |url=https://torrentfreak.com/oscar-nominee-wont-sue-pirates-accepts-donations-instead-150115/ |title=Authors supported the fan's initiative |work=TorrentFreak |access-date=16 January 2015}}</ref>


[[File:The Minister of State for Information & Broadcasting, Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore and Actor Jackie Shroff presenting the Silver Peacock award for Best Actor (Male) to Alexel Serebriakov for the movie Leviathan.jpg|thumb|right|Film being felicitated at [[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]] ([[45th International Film Festival of India|2014]]). (From left) [[Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore]], [[Jackie Shroff]] and [[Andrey Zvyagintsev]]]]
[[File:The Minister of State for Information & Broadcasting, Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore and Actor Jackie Shroff presenting the Silver Peacock award for Best Actor (Male) to Alexel Serebriakov for the movie Leviathan.jpg|thumb|right|Film being felicitated at [[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]] ([[45th International Film Festival of India|2014]]). (From left) [[Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore]], [[Jackie Shroff]] and [[Andrey Zvyagintsev]]]]
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|[[International Film Festival of India|45th International Film Festival of India]]
|[[International Film Festival of India|45th International Film Festival of India]]
|[[IFFI Best Film Award|Golden Peacock (Best Film)]]
|[[IFFI Best Film Award|Golden Peacock (Best Film Award)]]
| Andrey Zvyagintsev
| Andrey Zvyagintsev
| {{won}}
| {{won}}
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| [[35th Independent Spirit Awards]]
| [[Independent Spirit Award for Best International Film|Best International Film]]
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|[[Camerimage|International Art Festival of Cinematography]]
|[[Camerimage|International Art Festival of Cinematography]]
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| rowspan="4"|[[Asia Pacific Screen Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leviathan-wins-best-film-at-756466 |title='Leviathan' Wins Best Film at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards |author= Pip Bulbeck |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=25 October 2018}}</ref>
| rowspan="4"|[[Asia Pacific Screen Awards]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leviathan-wins-best-film-at-756466 |title='Leviathan' Wins Best Film at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards |author= Pip Bulbeck |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=11 December 2014 |access-date=25 October 2018}}</ref>
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| [[Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature film]]
| [[Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Feature Film|Best Feature film]]
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150120060250/http://www.leviathan-film.ru/home-eng "Thank you, Leviathan filmmakers. Fight piracy with charity"]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150120060250/http://www.leviathan-film.ru/home-eng "Thank you, Leviathan filmmakers. Fight piracy with charity"]
* {{IMDb title|2802154|Leviathan}}
* {{IMDb title|2802154|Leviathan}}
* {{AllRovi title|597778|Leviathan}}
* {{mojo title|leviathan2014|Leviathan}}
* {{mojo title|leviathan2014|Leviathan}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|leviafan|Leviathan}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|leviafan|Leviathan}}
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{{London Film Critics Circle Award for Foreign Language Film of the Year}}
{{London Film Critics Circle Award for Foreign Language Film of the Year}}
{{London Film Festival Award for Best Film}}
{{London Film Festival Award for Best Film}}
{{Polish Academy Award for Best European Film}}
}}
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{{Russian submission for Academy Awards}}
{{Russian submission for Academy Awards}}
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[[Category:2014 crime drama films]]
[[Category:2014 crime drama films]]
[[Category:Russian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Russian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Russian-language crime drama films]]
[[Category:2010s Russian-language films]]
[[Category:2010s Russian-language films]]
[[Category:2010s Russian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev]]
[[Category:Films directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev]]
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[[Category:Films scored by Philip Glass]]
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[[Category:Book of Job]]
[[Category:Book of Job]]
[[Category:Films about corruption]]
[[Category:Films about corruption]]
[[Category:Films about miscarriage of justice]]
[[Category:Films set in Russia]]
[[Category:Films set in Russia]]
[[Category:Films shot in Russia]]
[[Category:Films shot in Russia]]
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[[Category:Russian Orthodox Church in Russia]]
[[Category:Russian Orthodox Church in Russia]]
[[Category:Films about Orthodoxy]]
[[Category:Films about Orthodoxy]]
[[Category:Films about alcoholism]]
[[Category:Films about dysfunctional families]]
[[Category:Films about adultery]]

Latest revision as of 01:11, 22 December 2024

Leviathan
Theatrical release poster
Directed byAndrey Zvyagintsev
Written by
Produced byAlexander Rodnyansky
Sergey Melkumov
Starring
CinematographyMikhail Krichman
Music byAndrey Dergachev, Philip Glass
Production
companies
Distributed by20th Century Fox[2]
Release dates
  • 23 May 2014 (2014-05-23) (Cannes)
  • 5 February 2015 (2015-02-05) (Russia)
Running time
141 minutes[3]
CountryRussia
LanguageRussian
Budget220 million RUB (US$7 million[4])
Box office$3.4 million[2]

Leviathan (Russian: Левиафан, Leviafan) is a 2014 Russian crime drama film directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev, co-written by Zvyagintsev and Oleg Negin, and starring Aleksei Serebryakov, Elena Lyadova, Vladimir Vdovichenkov, and Roman Madyanov.

According to Zvyagintsev, the story of Marvin Heemeyer's 2004 rampage through a small US town using a modified bulldozer inspired him. A similar concept was adapted into a Russian setting.[5] The character development of the protagonist parallels a biblical figure Job and the story of Naboth's Vineyard.[6][7] The producer Alexander Rodnyansky has said: "It deals with some of the most important social issues of contemporary Russia while never becoming an artist's sermon or a public statement; it is a story of love and tragedy experienced by ordinary people".[8] Critics noted the film as being formidable,[9][10] dealing with quirks of fate, power and money.[9]

The film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or in the main competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.[11] Zvyagintsev and Negin won the award for Best Screenplay.[12] The film was judged the best film of the year at the 2014 BFI London Film Festival and the 45th International Film Festival of India. It won the Best Foreign Language Film award at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.[13] and the Asia Pacific Screen Award for Best Feature Film in 2014.[14] It was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards.

Plot summary

[edit]
House of Kolya (69°09′47″N 35°07′48″E / 69.163053°N 35.129944°E / 69.163053; 35.129944)

In the northern Russian coastal town of Pribrezhny live Nikolay Sergeyev, a hotheaded car mechanic; his second wife, Lilya; and his teenage son, Romka. The town's corrupt Mayor Vadim Sergeyevich is plotting legal chicanery to expropriate the beautiful seaside land on which Nikolay's house is built. The town is forcefully compensating Nikolay with a grossly undervalued sum of 649,000 roubles, and Nikolay believes the Mayor wants the land to build a villa for himself. Nikolay's old friend Dmitry Seleznyov, a sharp and successful lawyer from Moscow, arrives in town to fight the expropriation through the local court system.

After the court rules in favor of the expropriation, Nikolay is arrested at the police station for shouting at the officers, and no one in government will accept Dmitry's new criminal filing against the mayor. However, Dmitry meets with the mayor, extorting him with a thick folder of incriminating evidence proving his past crimes. A shocked mayor agrees to release Nikolay and pay 3.5 million roubles. In a local hotel room, Dmitry and Lilya have an affair.

The next day, the Sergeyevs and Dmitry attend the seaside birthday cookout of Nikolay's friend Ivan Stepanich, where a child runs to the group saying that he just saw Dmitry choking Lilya. Nikolay runs to find them, gunshots heard. Afterward, Dmitry and Lilya drive back silently together, both with facial bruises. Meanwhile, Mayor Vadim Sergeyevich goes for help to one of his crony bosses, the Russian Orthodox Church bishop, who tells him that all power comes from God and encourages him to stop whining to him and solve his problems forcefully. When Dmitry next time meets with the mayor to finalize the payment, the mayor's thugs beat Dmitry, and the mayor carries out a mock execution, advising him to return to Moscow. A conciliatory Lilya returns home to Nikolay but is depressed. Dmitry stands sadly looking out the window of a moving train.

While the family is packing to move out, Nikolay forces himself on Lilya, and Romka accidentally glimpses them in intercourse and flees the house, collapsing in tears by a whale skeleton on the shore. He returns home late, screaming that Lilya leave forever. That night Lilya is unable to sleep, and instead of going to work in the morning, she goes alone to the ocean cliff. When she turns up missing, Nikolay desperately searches for her and increases his already very heavy consumption of vodka. Her body is discovered a few days later on the shore. A mournful, drunk Nikolay asks the local Orthodox priest Father Vasily why God is doing this to him. Vasily quotes from the Biblical book of Job and counsels Nikolay that when Job accepted his fate, he was rewarded with a long and happy life.

The next morning, Nikolay is arrested for murder. The investigator claims to have evidence that Nikolay had sex with Lilya, killed her with his hammer, and threw her into the sea to hide it. Evidence includes his and Lilya's own friends' testimonies about threats he made to Lilya and Dmitry when he discovered them having sex at the picnic. Nikolay is convicted and sentenced to fifteen years. With no family left, Romka reluctantly agrees to be taken in by Kolya's former friends Polivanovs to avoid being sent to an orphanage. The Mayor receives a call informing him of Nikolay's sentence, and then gloats that he will now know to keep in his place. Sergeyev's house is torn down.

The bishop gives a sermon extolling the virtues of God's truth versus the world's truth and says that good intentions do not excuse evil acts. He urges the congregation, with the mayor attending, not to act with force or cunning but to put their trust in Christ. As the mayor and other local leaders exit the church and drive away in their luxury European and Japanese cars, it is revealed to be Nikolay's old property.

Cast

[edit]
  • Aleksei Serebryakov as Nikolay Nikolayevich Sergeyev, "Kolya"
  • Roman Madyanov as Vadim Sergeyevich Shelevyat, the Mayor of Pribrezhny
  • Vladimir Vdovichenkov as Dmitry Mikhaylovich Seleznyov, "Dima", the lawyer friend
  • Elena Lyadova as Lilya Petrovna Sergeyeva
  • Sergey Pokhodaev as Roman Sergeyev, "Romka"
  • Aleksey Rozin as Traffic Police Senior Sergeant Pavel Sergeyevich Polivanov, "Pasha"
  • Anna Ukolova as Anzhela Ivanovna Polivanova
  • Sergey Bachursky as Traffic Police Lt. Colonel Ivan Stepanovich Degtyaryov, "Stepanych"
  • Igor Savochkin as the Investigator
  • Platon Kamenev as Vitya, the son of Polivanovs
  • Valery Grishko as the Bishop
  • Alla Yemintseva as Tarasova, the Presiding Judge
  • Margarita Shubina as Goryunovа, the Prosecutor
  • Dmitry Bykovsky as Colonel Tkachuk, the Police Chief
  • Igor Sergeyev as Father Vasily

Production

[edit]

When Andrey Zvyagintsev produced a short film in the United States, he was told the story of Marvin Heemeyer.[15] He was amazed by this story and wanted initially to make his film in the US, but then changed his mind.[16] The screenplay was written by Zvyagintsev and Oleg Negin and is loosely adapted from the biblical stories of Job from Uz and King Ahab of Samaria and Heinrich von Kleist's novella Michael Kohlhaas. The script features more than fifteen characters, which is unusually many for a film by Zvyagintsev.

Principal photography took place in towns Kirovsk, Monchegorsk, Olenegorsk, near Murmansk on the Kola Peninsula. Preparations on the set began in May 2013. Principal photography took place during three months from August to October the same year.[17] Filming of exterior scenes for Leviathan took place in the town of Teriberka on the Barents Sea coast.[18]

Release

[edit]

Leviathan premiered at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, where it was screened on 23 May. It is distributed by Sony Pictures Classics in the United States, Curzon Cinemas in the United Kingdom and by Palace Entertainment in Australia and New Zealand.[8]

The soundtrack includes an extract from the 1983 opera Akhnaten by Philip Glass.[19]

Reception

[edit]

Critical response

[edit]

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 97% based on 147 reviews, and an average rating of 8.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Leviathan lives up to its title, offering trenchant, well-crafted social satire on a suitably grand scale."[20] On Metacritic, based on 34 reviews, Leviathan holds an average score of 92 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim".[21]

Peter Bradshaw, writing a full five-star review for The Guardian, gave the film great praise. Bradshaw thought that the film was "acted and directed with unflinching ambition" and described the film as "a forbidding and intimidating piece of work... a movie with real grandeur".[22] Finding parallels with the Book of Job, The New York Review of Books equated the villains with "Leviathan itself" and three characters (played by Vladimir Vdovichenkov, Aleksey Rozin and Anna Ukolova) with Job's three friends.[23]

Leviathan was picked as the 47th greatest film since 2000 in a 2016 critics' poll by BBC.[24] In 2019 The Hollywood Reporter critic Todd McCarthy was ranked Leviathan the 6th greatest film of the decade.[25]

Criticism

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Thirty-five percent of the funding for Leviathan came from Russia's Ministry of Culture.[26] Vladimir Medinsky, the then Minister of Culture and a conservative historian, acknowledged that the film showed talented moviemaking but said that he did not like it.[27] He sharply criticized its portrayal of ordinary Russians as swearing, vodka-swigging people, which he does not recognize from his experience as a Russian or that of "real Russians". He thought it strange that there is not a single positive character in the movie and implied that the director was not fond of Russians but rather "fame, red carpets and statuettes". In 2015 the Ministry of Culture proposed guidelines which would ban movies that "defile" the national culture.[27]

In turn, when appearing on oppositional TV channel Dozhd, director Zvyagintsev was criticised by journalist Ksenia Sobchak for accepting government subsidies. Specifically, Sobchak asked whether government funding had had no influence on the content of the movie. In response, Zvyagintsev maintained that he had always felt completely independent from the Ministry in writing and shooting the movie.[citation needed]

Vladimir Pozner, a veteran Russian journalist, said: "Anything seen as being critical of Russia in any way is automatically seen as either another Western attempt to denigrate Russia and the Eastern Orthodox Church, or it's the work of some kind of fifth column of Russia-phobes who are paid by the West to do their anti-Russian work or are simply themselves profoundly anti-Russian."[27]

Metropolitan Simon of Murmansk and Monchegorsk, the diocese where the movie was filmed, issued a statement calling it "honest". He said that Leviathan raised important questions about the state of the country.[27]

Accolades

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On 28 September 2014, it was announced that Leviathan would be Russia's submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards.[28][29] It made the January Shortlist of nine films,[30] before being nominated later that month.[31]

The film was named the Best Film at the London Film Festival Awards on 18 October 2014, at a ceremony where the main prizes went to Russia, Ukraine and Syria, three countries at the centre of long-running conflicts. The winning film-makers all said they hoped that culture could help to restore peace to their countries.[32] It was nominated for and won the Best Foreign Language Film award at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards.[13] The film was adjudged the best film of the 45th International Film Festival of India.

Following the Golden Globe Award, Leviathan was leaked online among some of the other Oscar 2015 nominated films. On 12 January the website "Thank you, Leviathan filmmakers" appeared on the internet encouraging social media users to contribute any amount as a gratitude to the filmmakers.[33] Alexander Rodnyanskiy, Leviathan's producer, supported the initiative of Slava's Smirnov (the website's author and an independent digital producer) and asked to transfer the money to the Podari Zhizn charity fund which is held by actresses Chulpan Khamatova and Dina Korzun.[34]

Film being felicitated at IFFI (2014). (From left) Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, Jackie Shroff and Andrey Zvyagintsev
List of awards and nominations
Award Category Recipients and nominees Result
2014 Cannes Film Festival Best Screenplay Andrey Zvyagintsev and Oleg Negin Won
Palme d'Or Andrey Zvyagintsev Nominated
European Film Award Best Film Andrey Zvyagintsev Nominated
Best Director Andrey Zvyagintsev Nominated
Best Screenwriter Oleg Negin,Andrey Zvyagintsev Nominated
Best Actor Aleksei Serebryakov Nominated
45th International Film Festival of India Golden Peacock (Best Film Award) Andrey Zvyagintsev Won
35th Independent Spirit Awards Best International Film Andrey Zvyagintsev Nominated
International Art Festival of Cinematography Best Cinematographer Mikhail Krichman Won
58th London Film Festival Best Film Andrey Zvyagintsev and Alexander Rodnyansky Won
68th British Academy Film Awards Best Film Not in the English Language Andrey Zvyagintsev Nominated
32nd Munich Film Festival Best Film Andrey Zvyagintsev and Alexander Rodnyansky Won
8th Abu Dhabi Film Festival Best Narrative
Best Actor 		Andrey Zvyagintsev, Alexey Serebryakov Won
Palm Springs International Film Festival Best Foreign Language Film Andrey Zvyagintsev Won
Asia Pacific Screen Awards[35]
Best Feature film Andrey Zvyagintsev Won
Achievement in Directing Andrey Zvyagintsev Nominated
Achievement in Cinematography Mikhail Krichman Nominated
72nd Golden Globe Awards Best Foreign Language Film Andrey Zvyagintsev and Alexander Rodnyansky Won
13th Golden Eagle Award
Best Direction Andrey Zvyagintsev Won
Best Leading Actress Elena Lyadova Won
Best Film Editing Anna Mass Won
Best Supporting Actor Roman Madyanov Won
51st Guldbagge Awards[36] Best Foreign Film Leviathan Won
87th Academy Awards Best Foreign Language Film Andrey Zvyagintsev Nominated
30th Goya Awards Best European Film Andrey Zvyagintsev Nominated
Russian Guild of Film Critics[37] Best Film Leviathan Won
Best Director Andrey Zvyagintsev Won
Best Screenplay Oleg Negin, Andrey Zvyagintsev Won
Best Director of Photography Mikhail Krichman Nominated
Best Female Actor Elena Lyadova Won
Best Male Actor Aleksei Serebryakov Won
Best Male Supporting Actor Roman Madyanov Won
27th Nika Awards Best Film Andrey Zvyagintsev, Alexander Rodnyansky Nominated
Best Director Andrey Zvyagintsev Nominated
Best Screenplay Oleg Negin, Andrey Zvyagintsev Nominated
Best Cinematographer Mikhail Krichman Nominated
Best Actress Elena Lyadova Won
Best Actor Aleksei Serebryakov Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Roman Madyanov Won
Best Supporting Actor Vladimir Vdovichenkov Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Anna Ukolova Nominated
Best Production Designer Andrey Ponkratov Nominated
Best Sound Andrey Dergachev Nominated

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Felperin, Leslie (22 May 2016). "'Leviathan': Cannes Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Leviathan (2014)". Box Office Mojo. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  3. ^ "LEVIATHAN (15)". British Board of Film Classification. 17 October 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
  4. ^ Rizov, Vadim (25 December 2014). ""A Little Person Against the Government Machine": Andrey Zvyagintsev on Leviathan". Filmmaker Magazine. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  5. ^ «Если больше нет юродивых, кто скажет о беззаконии и лжи?», Kommersant.ru, 14 May 2014
  6. ^ "What Does the Film Leviathan Tell Us about Putin's Russia and its Past? | History News Network". 16 June 2015.
  7. ^ Bradshaw, Peter (6 November 2014). "Leviathan review – a compellingly told, stunningly shot drama". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  8. ^ a b Hopewell, John; Keslassy, Elsa (17 February 2014). "Berlin – Pyramide Intl. Rolls Out Pre-sales on 'Leviathan,' Russian Director Andrey Zvyagintsev's Follow-Up to 'Elena'". Variety. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  9. ^ a b Bradshaw, Peter (22 May 2014). "Cannes 2014 review: Leviathan - a new Russian masterpiece". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  10. ^ Debruge, Peter (23 May 2014). "Film Review: 'Leviathan'". Variety. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  11. ^ "2014 Official Selection". Cannes Film Festival. Retrieved 17 April 2014.
  12. ^ "Awards 2014 : Competition". Cannes Film Festival. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  13. ^ a b 72ND ANNUAL GOLDEN GLOBE® AWARDS NOMINEES ANNOUNCED. dickclark.com. Retrieved 11 December 2014
  14. ^ "8th Annual Asia Pacific Screen Award Winners". Asia Pacific Screen Awards. 11 December 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  15. ^ "Andrey Zvyagintsev: On art-house film, spirituality and the rule of law". RBTH. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  16. ^ Shoard, Catherine (29 May 2014). "Leviathan: the Cannes hit which absolutely definitely doesn't put the boot in to Putin". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  17. ^ Павлючик, Леонид (27 March 2013). Звягинцев: Фильм "Левиафан" будет многолюдным. Trud (in Russian). Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  18. ^ "Hot Oscar tip from Russia gives Kremlin the shivers". The Sunday Times. 25 January 2015. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  19. ^ "Leviathan (2014)". IMDb. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
  20. ^ "Leviathan (2014)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
  21. ^ "Leviathan Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
  22. ^ Bradshaw, Peter (22 May 2014). "Cannes review: Leviathan – a new Russian masterpiece". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
  23. ^ "Leviathan". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
  24. ^ "The 21st Century's 100 greatest films". BBC. 23 August 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  25. ^ "The 10 Best Films of the Decade". The Hollywood Reporter. 6 December 2019.
  26. ^ "Putin-bashing film Leviathan named as Russia's Oscar contender". The Guardian. 24 September 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
  27. ^ a b c d Neil MacFarquhar (27 January 2015). "Russian Movie 'Leviathan' Gets Applause in Hollywood but Scorn at Home". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  28. ^ "Фильм Андрея Звягинцева "Левиафан" выдвинут на "Оскар"". Itar-Tass. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  29. ^ "Russia backs social drama Leviathan for Oscar after Cannes win". GlobalPost. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  30. ^ "9 Foreign Language Films Advance in Oscar Race". AMPAS. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
  31. ^ "Oscar Nominations 2015: See The Full List". The Huffington Post. 15 January 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
  32. ^ "International Politics Creeps into LFF Awards". UK Screen. Retrieved 18 October 2014.
  33. ^ "Leviathan Thank you Website opening". The Hollywood Reporter. 14 January 2015. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
  34. ^ "Authors supported the fan's initiative". TorrentFreak. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  35. ^ Pip Bulbeck (11 December 2014). "'Leviathan' Wins Best Film at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  36. ^ "Nominations for the 2015 Guldbagge Awards". Swedish Film Institute. 4 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  37. ^ "2014". Russian Guild of Film Critics. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
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