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{{Multiple issues|
{{Multiple issues|{{expert needed|1=Japan|date=May 2014|talk = Naicho}}
{{expert needed|1=Japan|date=May 2014|talk = Naicho}}
{{Missing information|the history of Naichō|date=May 2019}}}}
{{Missing information|Need more information on the history of Naicho|date=May 2019}}
}}
{{Infobox government agency
{{Infobox government agency
|agency_name = Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office (CIRO)
| agency_name = Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office (CIRO)
|nativename =
| nativename =
|nativename_a = 内閣情報調査室
| nativename_a = 内閣情報調査室
|nativename_r = Naikaku Jōhō Chōsashitsu (Naicho)
| nativename_r = Naikaku Jōhō Chōsashitsu (Naichō)
|logo = CIRO emblem.png
| logo = CIRO emblem.svg
|logo_width =
| logo_width =
|logo_caption = Seal of the Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office
| logo_caption = Seal of the Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office
|seal =
| seal =
|seal_width =
| seal_width =
|seal_caption =
| seal_caption =
|formed = 1986 (CIRO establishment)
| formed = 1986 (CIRO establishment)
|preceding1 = Research Office (1952)<ref name="STIMSON">{{cite web|url=https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/Tatsumi_%20Japan%27s_Security_Policy_Infrastructure_Final_Version.pdf|title=JAPAN’S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY INFRASTRUCTURE - CAN TOKYO MEET WASHINGTON’S EXPECTATION?|website=stimson.org|date=November 2008}}</ref>
| preceding1 = Research Office (1952)<ref name="STIMSON">{{cite web|url=https://www.stimson.org/sites/default/files/file-attachments/Tatsumi_%20Japan%27s_Security_Policy_Infrastructure_Final_Version.pdf|title=JAPAN'S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY INFRASTRUCTURE - CAN TOKYO MEET WASHINGTON'S EXPECTATION?|website=stimson.org|date=November 2008}}</ref>
|preceding2 = Cabinet Research Center/Cabinet Research Office (1957)<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol7no3/html/v07i3a01p_0001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312083727/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol7no3/html/v07i3a01p_0001.htm |archive-date=2008-03-12 |title=Intelligence in the New Japan — Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="STIMSON"/>
| preceding2 = Cabinet Research Chamber<ref name="CIA">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol7no3/html/v07i3a01p_0001.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312083727/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol7no3/html/v07i3a01p_0001.htm |archive-date=2008-03-12 |title=Intelligence in the New Japan — Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref>/Cabinet Research Office (1957)<ref name="STIMSON"/><ref>https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF300/CF351/RAND_CF351.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>
|dissolved =
| dissolved =
|superseding =
| superseding =
|jurisdiction = [[Government of Japan]]
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Japan]]
|headquarters = [[Nagatachō, Tokyo|Nagatacho]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
| headquarters = [[Nagatachō, Tokyo|Nagatacho]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]
|employees = 170–175
| employees = 170–175
|budget =
| budget =
|minister1_name =
| minister1_name =
|minister1_pfo =
| minister1_pfo =
|minister2_name =
| minister2_name =
|minister2_pfo =
| minister2_pfo =
|chief1_name = Hiroaki Takizawa
| chief1_name = Kazuya Hara
|chief1_position = Director of Cabinet Intelligence
| chief1_position = Director of Cabinet Intelligence
|chief2_name =
| chief2_name =
|chief2_position =
| chief2_position =
|parent_agency = [[Cabinet Secretariat (Japan)|Cabinet Secretariat]]
| parent_agency = [[Cabinet Secretariat (Japan)|Cabinet Secretariat]]
|child1_agency =
| child1_agency =
|child2_agency =
| child2_agency =
|website = {{URL|http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/jimu/jyouhoutyousa.html}} {{in lang|ja}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/jimu/jyouhoutyousa.html}} {{in lang|ja}}
|footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
{{Short description|Japanese intelligence agency under the Cabinet Secretariat}}
⚫
The {{Nihongo|'''Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office'''|内閣情報調査室|Naikaku Jōhō Chōsashitsu}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/hourei/name.pdf |title=Names of Government Organizations and Positions |publisher=Cabinet Secretariat |accessdate=2013-12-20}}</ref> also known as {{Nihongo|'''Naichō'''|内調}},<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.france24.com/en/20110221-japan-set-up-foreign-spy-agency-wikileaks-china-north-korea | title=Japan to set up new spy agency | date=21 February 2011 }}</ref> is a Japanese [[intelligence agency]] under the [[Cabinet Secretariat (Japan)|Cabinet Secretariat]] responsible for gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information for the [[Cabinet of Japan|cabinet]]. As a principal member of the Japanese intelligence community, the CIRO reports directly to the [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]]. Its operations are mandated through the Cabinet Law.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://japan.kantei.go.jp/constitution_and_government_of_japan/cabinet_law_e.html | title=The Cabinet Law }}</ref>


⚫
The agency is said to be equivalent to the American [[Central Intelligence Agency]].<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=http://andreworos.washcoll.edu/password/oros_ijic_0102.pdf|title=Japan's Growing Intelligence Capabilities|author=Andrew Oros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320155104/http://andreworos.washcoll.edu/password/oros_ijic_0102.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-20|accessdate=2019-05-23|date=2008-06-09}}</ref> Like most intelligence agencies in Japan, its personnel are usually recruited from other agencies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/03/06/national/japan-considers-creating-mi6-style-spy-agency/#.XONi_KRS9PY|title = Abe administration considering creating MI6-style spy agency|date = 6 March 2015}}</ref> Around 100 out of 170 CIRO agents are from other agencies/ministries with top positions occupied by career police officers.<ref name="DaviesandGustafson">Davis and Gustafson, page. 183.</ref> The CIRO frequently works with the [[National Security Council (Japan)|National Security Council]] as a communication channel to the prime minister.
⚫
The {{Nihongo|'''Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office'''|内閣情報調査室|Naikaku Jōhō Chōsashitsu}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/hourei/name.pdf |title=Names of Government Organizations and Positions |publisher=Cabinet Secretariat |accessdate=2013-12-20}}</ref> also known as {{Nihongo|'''Naichō'''|内調}}, is a Japanese [[intelligence agency]] under the [[Cabinet Secretariat (Japan)|Cabinet Secretariat]] responsible for gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information for the [[Cabinet of Japan|cabinet]]. As a principal member of the Japanese intelligence community, the CIRO reports directly to the [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]].


The CIRO is headquartered in [[Chiyoda, Tokyo]], in a building called "H20".<ref name="intercept"/>
The agency is said to be an equal to the American [[Central Intelligence Agency]].<ref name="History">{{cite web|url=http://andreworos.washcoll.edu/password/oros_ijic_0102.pdf|title=Japan's Growing Intelligence Capabilities|author=Andrew Oros|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090320155104/http://andreworos.washcoll.edu/password/oros_ijic_0102.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-20|accessdate=2019-05-23|date=2008-06-09}}</ref>

⚫
Like most intelligence agencies in Japan, its personnel are usually recruited from other agencies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/03/06/national/japan-considers-creating-mi6-style-spy-agency/#.XONi_KRS9PY|title = Abe administration considering creating MI6-style spy agency|date = 6 March 2015}}</ref> Around 100 out of 170 CIRO agents are from other agencies/ministries with top positions occupied by career police officers.<ref name="DaviesandGustafson">Davis and Gustafson, page. 183.</ref>

The CIRO frequently works with the [[National Security Council (Japan)|National Security Council]] as a communication channel to the prime minister. The CIRO is headquartered in [[Chiyoda, Tokyo]], in a building called "H20".<ref name="intercept"/>


==History==
==History==
The CIRO was created by the Allied Forces through the formation of the {{Nihongo|'''Prime Ministers's Research Office'''|内閣総理大臣官房調査室|Naikakusōri Daijin Kanbō Chōsa-Shitsu}}<ref name="CIA"/> in April 1952 with Jun Murai as the first director in an attempt to replicate its structure after the CIA.<ref name="DaviesandGustafson"/> But due to widespread opposition, this plan was discarded.<ref name="DaviesandGustafson"/> The RO was placed under jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's office in 1957 and was known as the {{Nihongo|'''Cabinet Research Office'''|内閣調査室|Naikaku Chōsa-Shitsu}}.<ref name="STIMSON"/> The CRO was later renamed as the CIRO in 1986.<ref name="STIMSON"/>
The CIRO was created by the Allied Forces through the formation of the {{Nihongo|Prime Ministers's Research Office|内閣総理大臣官房調査室|Naikakusōri Daijin Kanbō Chōsa-Shitsu}} in April 1952 with Jun Murai as the first director in an attempt to replicate its structure after the CIA.<ref name="DaviesandGustafson"/> But due to widespread opposition and the factionalism in the bureaucracy, this plan was discarded.<ref name="DaviesandGustafson"/> The RO was placed under jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's office in 1957 and was known as the {{Nihongo|Cabinet Research Office|内閣調査室|Naikaku Chōsa-Shitsu}}.<ref name="STIMSON"/> The CRO was later renamed as the CIRO in 1986.<ref name="STIMSON"/>


The Cabinet Intensive Information Center was established on April 11, 1996 to ensure that the CIRO can inform the Prime Minister in case of severe emergencies.<ref name="History"/> It's located in the [[Prime Minister's Official Residence (Japan)|Prime Minister's residence]].<ref name="History"/>
The Cabinet Intensive Information Center was established on April 11, 1996 to ensure that the CIRO can inform the Prime Minister in case of severe emergencies.<ref name="History"/> It's located in the [[Prime Minister's Official Residence (Japan)|Prime Minister's residence]].<ref name="History"/>


In August 2007, discussions of intelligence reforms through the paper ''Improvement of Counter-Intelligence Functions'' resulted in the establishment of the Counterintelligence Center.<ref name="DaviesandGustafson1">Davis and Gustafson, page. 188.</ref> It's been suggested that the CIC can be used as the basis for the creation of an actual external intelligence agency similar to the CIA.<ref>窪田順生 『スピンドクター モミ消しのプロが駆使する「情報操作」の技術』 講談社+α新書 p.101</ref>
In August 2007, discussions of intelligence reforms through the paper ''Improvement of Counter-Intelligence Functions'' resulted in the establishment of the Counterintelligence Center.<ref name="DaviesandGustafson1">Davis and Gustafson, page. 188.</ref> It's been suggested that the CIC can be used as the basis for the creation of an actual external intelligence agency similar to the CIA.<ref>Yukio Kubota “Spin Doctor “Information Manipulation” Techniques Used by Professional Fir Erasers” Kodansha+α Shinsho p.101</ref>

⚫
In 2013, CIRO satellite imagery analysis was used to assist NGOs in Tacloban for reconstruction work in the wake of [[Typhoon Haiyan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/houdou/pdf/20131113chizu.pdf|title=2013年11月 フィリピン台風被災状況推定地図 タクロバン周辺全体|website=cas.go.jp}}</ref>


⚫
Since 2015, CIRO agents are usually recruited to be sent to the International Counter-Terrorism Intelligence Collection Unit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/06/to-fight-terror-japan-must-fix-its-intelligence-appartus/|title = To Fight Terror, Japan Must Fix Its Intelligence Apparatus|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150603172043/https://thediplomat.com/2015/06/to-fight-terror-japan-must-fix-its-intelligence-appartus/|archivedate=2015-06-03|last=Tatsumi|first=Yuki|publisher=The Diplomat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/03/05/commentary/japans-counterterrorism-efforts-falling-short/#.XONj6qRS9PY|title = Japan's counterterrorism efforts falling short|date = 5 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309080925/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/03/05/commentary/japans-counterterrorism-efforts-falling-short/#.Vt_aSvbP238|archivedate=2016-03-09}}</ref>
⚫
In 2013, CIRO satellite imagery analysis was used to assist NGOs in Tacloban for reconstruction work in the wake of Typhoon Haiyan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/houdou/pdf/20131113chizu.pdf|title=2013年11月 フィリピン台風被災状況推定地図 タクロバン周辺全体|website=cas.go.jp}}</ref>


⚫
In 2016, the business magazine [[Facta (magazine)|Facta]] reported that the government of [[Shinzo Abe]] had directed the CIRO to spy on a legal council connected to [[David Kaye (academic)|David Kaye]], who as [[United Nations special rapporteur|U.N. special rapporteur]] on freedom of expression stated "deep and genuine concern" on declining [[media independence]] in Japan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Silencing of Japan's Free Press |last=Fackler |first=Matthew |date=27 May 2016 |accessdate=2023-04-10 |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/27/the-silencing-of-japans-free-press-shinzo-abe-media/ |publication-date=2016-05-27 |publisher=[[Foreign Policy]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602044616/https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/27/the-silencing-of-japans-free-press-shinzo-abe-media/|archivedate=2016-06-02}}</ref>
⚫
Since 2015, CIRO agents are usually recruited to be sent to the International Counter-Terrorism Intelligence Collection Unit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/06/to-fight-terror-japan-must-fix-its-intelligence-appartus/|title = To Fight Terror, Japan Must Fix Its Intelligence Apparatus}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/03/05/commentary/japans-counterterrorism-efforts-falling-short/#.XONj6qRS9PY|title = Japan's counterterrorism efforts falling short|date = 5 March 2016}}</ref>


On January 12, 2024, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Cabinet Satellite Intelligence Center announced that the launch of the Optical-8 satellite was a success, which separated from the missile and has entered orbit.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://apnews.com/article/japan-rocket-north-korea-military-intelligence-satellite-e4b1b14296408559e09e4b592b567915 | title=Japan successfully launches an intelligence-gathering satellite to watch for North Korean missiles | website=[[Associated Press News]] | date=12 January 2024 }}</ref>
⚫
In 2016, the business magazine [[Facta (magazine)|Facta]] reported that the government of [[Shinzo Abe]] had directed the CIRO to spy on a legal council connected to [[David Kaye (academic)|David Kaye]], who as [[United Nations special rapporteur|U.N. special rapporteur]] on freedom of expression stated "deep and genuine concern" on declining [[media independence]] in Japan.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Silencing of Japan’s Free Press |last=Fackler |first=Matthew |date=September 13, 2022 |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/27/the-silencing-of-japans-free-press-shinzo-abe-media/ |publication-date=May 27, 2016 |publisher=[[Foreign Policy]]}}</ref>


===Spy scandal===
===Spy scandal===
Line 63: Line 61:


== Organization ==
== Organization ==
[[File:内閣府庁舎.JPG|thumb|200px|Naichō headquarters occupies 6th floor of the [[Cabinet Office (Japan)|Cabinet Office]] Building]]
[[File:内閣府庁舎.JPG|thumb|200px|Naichō's headquarters are located on the 6th floor of the [[Cabinet Office (Japan)|Cabinet Office]] Building]]


According to its official web site, organization of Naichō is as follows:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/jimu/jyouhoutyousa/en/organizational.html|title = Organizational Structure &#124; Cabinet Secretariat}}</ref>
According to its official web site, the organization of Naichō is as follows:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/jimu/jyouhoutyousa/en/organizational.html|title = Organizational Structure &#124; Cabinet Secretariat}}</ref>


*{{Nihongo|Director of Cabinet Intelligence|内閣情報官}}
*{{Nihongo|Director of Cabinet Intelligence|内閣情報官}}
Line 78: Line 76:
*{{Nihongo|Cabinet Intensive Information Center|内閣情報集約センター}}: Secures information related to disasters and other emergencies. Staffed by twenty agents from the Ministry of Defense, National Police Agency, Fire Disaster and Management Agency and the Japan Coast Guard.
*{{Nihongo|Cabinet Intensive Information Center|内閣情報集約センター}}: Secures information related to disasters and other emergencies. Staffed by twenty agents from the Ministry of Defense, National Police Agency, Fire Disaster and Management Agency and the Japan Coast Guard.
*{{Nihongo|Cabinet Intelligence Analysts|内閣情報分析官}}
*{{Nihongo|Cabinet Intelligence Analysts|内閣情報分析官}}
*{{Nihongo|Cabinet Satellite Intelligence Center|内閣衛星情報センター}}: Operates a network of [[surveillance satellite]]s, such as the [[Information Gathering Satellite|IGS]]-Optical and IGS-Radar series. As of June 2018, Japan has six functioning observation satellites in orbit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.satellitetoday.com/government-military/2018/06/13/japan-places-eighth-reconnaissance-satellite-in-orbit|title = Japan Places Eighth Reconnaissance Satellite in Orbit – Via Satellite -|date = 13 June 2018}}</ref> It was established in 2001 and has 320 personnel employed with at least 100 of them being imagery intelligence analysts.<ref name="DaviesandGustafson"/> The Deputy Director position is filled by a senior officer from the NPA.<ref>Dover, Goodman and Hillebrand, page 203</ref>
*{{Nihongo|Cabinet Satellite Intelligence Center|内閣衛星情報センター}}: Operates a network of [[surveillance satellite]]s, such as the [[Information Gathering Satellite|IGS]]-Optical and IGS-Radar series. As of June 2018, Japan has six functioning observation satellites in orbit.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.satellitetoday.com/government-military/2018/06/13/japan-places-eighth-reconnaissance-satellite-in-orbit|title = Japan Places Eighth Reconnaissance Satellite in Orbit – Via Satellite -| newspaper=Via Satellite |date = 13 June 2018}}</ref> It was established in 2001 and has 320 personnel employed with at least 100 of them being imagery intelligence analysts.<ref name="DaviesandGustafson"/> Tasked with obtaining and analyzing satellite imagery data.<ref>{{cite web |title=Briefing Memo |url=http://www.nids.go.jp/english/dissemination/briefing/2006/pdf/100.pdf |website=nids.go.jp |access-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080625185434/http://www.nids.go.jp/english/dissemination/briefing/2006/pdf/100.pdf |archive-date=25 June 2008 |date=May 2006}}</ref> The Deputy Director position is filled by a senior officer from the NPA.<ref>Dover, Goodman and Hillebrand, page 203</ref>
* Situation Center of Cabinet
* Situation Center of Cabinet


* {{Nihongo|National Counterintelligence Center|カウンターインテリジェンスセンター}}: Coordinates government action based on the " Improvement of Counter-Intelligence Functions " policy.
* {{Nihongo|National Counterintelligence Center|カウンターインテリジェンスセンター}}: Coordinates government action based on the "Improvement of Counter-Intelligence Functions" policy.
* Cabinet Counter Terrorism Intelligence Coordination Center
* Cabinet Counter Terrorism Intelligence Coordination Center


===Known heads of Naichō===
===Directors of Naichō===
* Yoshio Omori (March 1993 - April 1997)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://asia.nikkei.com/NAR/Articles/Japan-s-sports-intelligence-can-help-national-level-gathering-capabilities | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409164139/https://asia.nikkei.com/NAR/Articles/Japan-s-sports-intelligence-can-help-national-level-gathering-capabilities | archive-date=2023-04-09 | title=Japan's sports intelligence can help national-level gathering capabilities }}</ref>
* Yoshio Omori<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070111f1.html|title=Creating new security system fraught with obstacles|accessdate=2009-06-24|publisher=[[The Japan Times]]|date=2007-01-11|author=Hiroko Nakata}}</ref>
* Kazuhiro Sugita (Jan. 2001–Apr. 2001)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/kanbu/2003/sugita.html|script-title=ja:内閣危機管理監|accessdate=2011-02-27|publisher=Cabinet Secretariat|language=ja}}</ref>
* [[Kazuhiro Sugita]] (January 2001 – April 2001)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/kanbu/2003/sugita.html|script-title=ja:内閣危機管理監|accessdate=2011-02-27|publisher=Cabinet Secretariat|language=ja}}</ref>
* Toshinori Kanemoto (Apr. 2001–Apr. 2006)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/kanbu/2003/kanemoto.html|script-title=ja:内閣情報官|accessdate=2011-02-27|publisher=Cabinet Secretariat|language=ja}}</ref>
* Toshinori Kanemoto (April 2001 – April 2006)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/kanbu/2003/kanemoto.html|script-title=ja:内閣情報官|accessdate=2011-02-27|publisher=Cabinet Secretariat|language=ja}}</ref>
* Hideshi Mitani (Apr. 2006–Apr. 2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/kanbu/2006/mitani.html|script-title=ja:内閣情報官|accessdate=2011-02-27|publisher=Cabinet Secretariat|language=ja}}</ref>
* Hideshi Mitani (April 2006 – April 2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/kanbu/2006/mitani.html|script-title=ja:内閣情報官|accessdate=2011-02-27|publisher=Cabinet Secretariat|language=ja}}</ref>
* Shinichi Uematsu (Apr. 2010–Dec. 2011)<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322190232/http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/kanbu/2010/uematsu.html|url=http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/kanbu/2010/uematsu.html|script-title=ja:内閣情報官|accessdate=2011-02-27|publisher=Cabinet Secretariat|language=ja|archive-date=2011-03-22}}</ref>
* Shinichi Uematsu (April 2010 – December 2011)<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322190232/http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/kanbu/2010/uematsu.html|url=http://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/kanbu/2010/uematsu.html|script-title=ja:内閣情報官|accessdate=2011-02-27|publisher=Cabinet Secretariat|language=ja|archive-date=2011-03-22}}</ref>
* [[Shigeru Kitamura]] (Dec. 2011 – September 2019)<ref name="intercept">{{cite news |url=https://theintercept.com/2018/05/19/japan-dfs-surveillance-agency/ |title=The Untold Story of Japan's Secret Spy Agency |date=May 19, 2018 |first=Ryan |last=Gallagher |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521231622/https://theintercept.com/2018/05/19/japan-dfs-surveillance-agency/ |archive-date=May 21, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161112225827/http://jsw.newpacificinstitute.org/?p=9840 |archive-date=2016-11-12 |accessdate=2017-01-20 |url=http://jsw.newpacificinstitute.org/?p=9840 |title=Top Intelligence Post Vacant |publisher=Japan Security Watch |language=en }}</ref>
* [[Shigeru Kitamura]] (December 2011 – September 2019)<ref name="intercept">{{cite news |url=https://theintercept.com/2018/05/19/japan-dfs-surveillance-agency/ |title=The Untold Story of Japan's Secret Spy Agency |date=May 19, 2018 |first=Ryan |last=Gallagher |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521231622/https://theintercept.com/2018/05/19/japan-dfs-surveillance-agency/ |archive-date=May 21, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161112225827/http://jsw.newpacificinstitute.org/?p=9840 |archive-date=2016-11-12 |accessdate=2017-01-20 |url=http://jsw.newpacificinstitute.org/?p=9840 |title=Top Intelligence Post Vacant |publisher=Japan Security Watch |language=en }}</ref>
* Hiroaki Takizawa (September 2019 – Present)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sankei.com/politics/news/190911/plt1909110082-n1.html|title = 国家安全保障局長に北村滋氏 谷内氏退任、後任内閣情報官は滝沢氏|date = 11 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/kanbu/2019/takizawa.html|title = 内閣情報官 瀧澤 裕昭（たきざわ ひろあき）｜内閣官房ホームページ}}</ref>
* Hiroaki Takizawa (September 2019 – June 2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sankei.com/politics/news/190911/plt1909110082-n1.html|title = 国家安全保障局長に北村滋氏 谷内氏退任、後任内閣情報官は滝沢氏|date = 11 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/kanbu/2019/takizawa.html|title = 内閣情報官 瀧澤 裕昭（たきざわ ひろあき）｜内閣官房ホームページ}}</ref>
* Kazuya Hara (June 2023 – present)<ref>{{Cite news|date = 27 June 2023 |title = 政府 内閣情報官に警察庁 原和也警備局長を起用 |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20230627/k10014110411000.html |publisher=NHK |access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 17:55, 26 November 2024

Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office (CIRO)
内閣情報調査室
Naikaku Jōhō Chōsashitsu (Naichō)
Seal of the Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office
Agency overview
Formed1986 (CIRO establishment)
Preceding agencies
  • Research Office (1952)[1]
  • Cabinet Research Chamber[2]/Cabinet Research Office (1957)[1][3]
JurisdictionGovernment of Japan
HeadquartersNagatacho, Tokyo, Japan
Employees170–175
Agency executive
  • Kazuya Hara, Director of Cabinet Intelligence
Parent agencyCabinet Secretariat
Websitewww.cas.go.jp/jp/gaiyou/jimu/jyouhoutyousa.html (in Japanese)

The Cabinet Intelligence and Research Office (内閣情報調査室, Naikaku Jōhō Chōsashitsu),[4] also known as Naichō (内調),[5] is a Japanese intelligence agency under the Cabinet Secretariat responsible for gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information for the cabinet. As a principal member of the Japanese intelligence community, the CIRO reports directly to the Prime Minister. Its operations are mandated through the Cabinet Law.[6]

The agency is said to be equivalent to the American Central Intelligence Agency.[7] Like most intelligence agencies in Japan, its personnel are usually recruited from other agencies.[8] Around 100 out of 170 CIRO agents are from other agencies/ministries with top positions occupied by career police officers.[9] The CIRO frequently works with the National Security Council as a communication channel to the prime minister.

The CIRO is headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, in a building called "H20".[10]

History

[edit]

The CIRO was created by the Allied Forces through the formation of the Prime Ministers's Research Office (内閣総理大臣官房調査室, Naikakusōri Daijin Kanbō Chōsa-Shitsu) in April 1952 with Jun Murai as the first director in an attempt to replicate its structure after the CIA.[9] But due to widespread opposition and the factionalism in the bureaucracy, this plan was discarded.[9] The RO was placed under jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's office in 1957 and was known as the Cabinet Research Office (内閣調査室, Naikaku Chōsa-Shitsu).[1] The CRO was later renamed as the CIRO in 1986.[1]

The Cabinet Intensive Information Center was established on April 11, 1996 to ensure that the CIRO can inform the Prime Minister in case of severe emergencies.[7] It's located in the Prime Minister's residence.[7]

In August 2007, discussions of intelligence reforms through the paper Improvement of Counter-Intelligence Functions resulted in the establishment of the Counterintelligence Center.[11] It's been suggested that the CIC can be used as the basis for the creation of an actual external intelligence agency similar to the CIA.[12]

In 2013, CIRO satellite imagery analysis was used to assist NGOs in Tacloban for reconstruction work in the wake of Typhoon Haiyan.[13]

Since 2015, CIRO agents are usually recruited to be sent to the International Counter-Terrorism Intelligence Collection Unit.[14][15]

In 2016, the business magazine Facta reported that the government of Shinzo Abe had directed the CIRO to spy on a legal council connected to David Kaye, who as U.N. special rapporteur on freedom of expression stated "deep and genuine concern" on declining media independence in Japan.[16]

On January 12, 2024, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Cabinet Satellite Intelligence Center announced that the launch of the Optical-8 satellite was a success, which separated from the missile and has entered orbit.[17]

Spy scandal

[edit]

On January 17, 2008, an official of Naichō was charged for spying for Russians, passing them classified information. The Russians denied the claim.[18] Since then, there had been calls for greater accountability on Naichō.[19]

Organization

[edit]
Naichō's headquarters are located on the 6th floor of the Cabinet Office Building

According to its official web site, the organization of Naichō is as follows:[20]

  • Director of Cabinet Intelligence (内閣情報官)
  • Deputy Director of Cabinet Intelligence (次長)
  • Cabinet Intelligence Officer
  • Divisions:
    • Administration (総務部門): Has Human Resources, Budget and academic experts.
    • Home Affairs Division (国内部門): Collect information based on domestic media, including newspapers, magazines and from news broadcasts.
    • International Affairs Division (国際部門): Collect information based on foreign media and broadcasts from another country, including CIRO agents based overseas.
    • Economic Affairs Division (経済部門): Studies domestic/international economic information.
  • Cabinet Intensive Information Center (内閣情報集約センター): Secures information related to disasters and other emergencies. Staffed by twenty agents from the Ministry of Defense, National Police Agency, Fire Disaster and Management Agency and the Japan Coast Guard.
  • Cabinet Intelligence Analysts (内閣情報分析官)
  • Cabinet Satellite Intelligence Center (内閣衛星情報センター): Operates a network of surveillance satellites, such as the IGS-Optical and IGS-Radar series. As of June 2018, Japan has six functioning observation satellites in orbit.[21] It was established in 2001 and has 320 personnel employed with at least 100 of them being imagery intelligence analysts.[9] Tasked with obtaining and analyzing satellite imagery data.[22] The Deputy Director position is filled by a senior officer from the NPA.[23]
  • Situation Center of Cabinet
  • National Counterintelligence Center (カウンターインテリジェンスセンター): Coordinates government action based on the "Improvement of Counter-Intelligence Functions" policy.
  • Cabinet Counter Terrorism Intelligence Coordination Center

Directors of Naichō

[edit]
  • Yoshio Omori (March 1993 - April 1997)[24]
  • Kazuhiro Sugita (January 2001 – April 2001)[25]
  • Toshinori Kanemoto (April 2001 – April 2006)[26]
  • Hideshi Mitani (April 2006 – April 2010)[27]
  • Shinichi Uematsu (April 2010 – December 2011)[28]
  • Shigeru Kitamura (December 2011 – September 2019)[10][29]
  • Hiroaki Takizawa (September 2019 – June 2023)[30][31]
  • Kazuya Hara (June 2023 – present)[32]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "JAPAN'S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY INFRASTRUCTURE - CAN TOKYO MEET WASHINGTON'S EXPECTATION?" (PDF). stimson.org. November 2008.
  2. ^ "Intelligence in the New Japan — Central Intelligence Agency". Archived from the original on 2008-03-12.
  3. ^ https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF300/CF351/RAND_CF351.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  4. ^ "Names of Government Organizations and Positions" (PDF). Cabinet Secretariat. Retrieved 2013-12-20.
  5. ^ "Japan to set up new spy agency". 21 February 2011.
  6. ^ "The Cabinet Law".
  7. ^ a b c Andrew Oros (2008-06-09). "Japan's Growing Intelligence Capabilities" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-20. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
  8. ^ "Abe administration considering creating MI6-style spy agency". 6 March 2015.
  9. ^ a b c d Davis and Gustafson, page. 183.
  10. ^ a b Gallagher, Ryan (May 19, 2018). "The Untold Story of Japan's Secret Spy Agency". Archived from the original on May 21, 2018.
  11. ^ Davis and Gustafson, page. 188.
  12. ^ Yukio Kubota “Spin Doctor “Information Manipulation” Techniques Used by Professional Fir Erasers” Kodansha+α Shinsho p.101
  13. ^ "2013年11月 フィリピン台風被災状況推定地図 タクロバン周辺全体" (PDF). cas.go.jp.
  14. ^ Tatsumi, Yuki. "To Fight Terror, Japan Must Fix Its Intelligence Apparatus". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 2015-06-03.
  15. ^ "Japan's counterterrorism efforts falling short". 5 March 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-03-09.
  16. ^ Fackler, Matthew (27 May 2016). "The Silencing of Japan's Free Press". Foreign Policy (published 2016-05-27). Archived from the original on 2016-06-02. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  17. ^ "Japan successfully launches an intelligence-gathering satellite to watch for North Korean missiles". Associated Press News. 12 January 2024.
  18. ^ "A Japanese Faces Spy Charges". The Moscow Times. Archived from the original on January 21, 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-17.
  19. ^ "Japan's Cabinet urges tighter controls amid Russian spy scandal". Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  20. ^ "Organizational Structure | Cabinet Secretariat".
  21. ^ "Japan Places Eighth Reconnaissance Satellite in Orbit – Via Satellite -". Via Satellite. 13 June 2018.
  22. ^ "Briefing Memo" (PDF). nids.go.jp. May 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  23. ^ Dover, Goodman and Hillebrand, page 203
  24. ^ "Japan's sports intelligence can help national-level gathering capabilities". Archived from the original on 2023-04-09.
  25. ^ 内閣危機管理監 (in Japanese). Cabinet Secretariat. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  26. ^ 内閣情報官 (in Japanese). Cabinet Secretariat. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  27. ^ 内閣情報官 (in Japanese). Cabinet Secretariat. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  28. ^ 内閣情報官 (in Japanese). Cabinet Secretariat. Archived from the original on 2011-03-22. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
  29. ^ "Top Intelligence Post Vacant". Japan Security Watch. Archived from the original on 2016-11-12. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
  30. ^ "国家安全保障局長に北村滋氏 谷内氏退任、後任内閣情報官は滝沢氏". 11 September 2019.
  31. ^ "内閣情報官 瀧澤 裕昭（たきざわ ひろあき）｜内閣官房ホームページ".
  32. ^ "政府 内閣情報官に警察庁 原和也警備局長を起用". NHK. 27 June 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Davies, Philip H.J.; Gustafson, Kristian, eds. (2013). Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-1589019560.
  • Dover, Robert; Goodman, Michael S.; Hillebrand, Claudia, eds. (2014). Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1589019560.
  • Samuels, Richard J. (2019). Special Duty: A History of the Japanese Intelligence Community. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1501741586.
[edit]
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