Leader of the Opposition (Israel): Difference between revisions

Leader of the Opposition
Leader of the Opposition
רֹאשׁ הַאוֹפּוֹזִיצְיָה‎; Rosh Ha-Opozitzya
	Incumbent; Yair Lapid; since 2 January 2023
Term length	While leader of the largest political party in the Knesset that is not in government
First holder	Meir Ya'ari

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In Israel, the Leader of the Opposition (Hebrew: רֹאשׁ הַאוֹפּוֹזִיצְיָה, Rosh HaOpozitzya) is the politician who leads the Official Opposition in the Knesset, the Israeli parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is, by convention, the leader of the largest political party in the Knesset that is not in (or supports) the government.

History

Informal role, until 2000

Until 2000, the role of the Opposition Leader was not an official position, but rather an honorary role. The Leader of the Opposition was the leader of the largest party not in government.

Even with the absence of a law defining the role of the Opposition Leader, it was customary for the Prime Minister to hold regular meetings with the leader of the largest opposition party. However, this was done only at the prerogative of the Prime Minister.

Formalised role, post-2000

In early 2000, two bills to amend the Opposition Leader's status were submitted to the Knesset, one by the government and one by MK Uzi Landau. The bills were merged into one amendment, and on 17 July 2000, the Knesset approved Amendment 8 to the "Knesset Law" of 1994, adding chapter 6 that outlined the role of the Leader of the Opposition.^[2] The law stipulates the selection of the Opposition Leader, the method of their replacement, regulates their ceremonial role in various official events, and obliges the prime minister to update them once a month. The law also stipulates that the Opposition Leader's salary will be determined by Knesset committee, and shall not be lower than a salary of a Cabinet minister.

List of Opposition leaders

Leaders of the largest opposition party

Name (Birth–Death)		Party	Term start	Term end	Government(s) opposed	Prime minister(s) opposed	Knesset
1	Meir Ya'ari מאיר יערי‎ (1897–1987)	Mapam	10 March 1949	8 October 1951	1	David Ben-Gurion (Mapai)	1st
1	Meir Ya'ari מאיר יערי‎ (1897–1987)	Mapam	10 March 1949	8 October 1951	2		1st
2	Peretz Bernstein פרץ ברנשטיין‎ (1890–1971)	General Zionists	8 October 1951	24 December 1952	3		2nd
(1)	Meir Ya'ari מאיר יערי‎ (1897–1987)	Mapam	24 December 1952	29 June 1955	4
(1)	Meir Ya'ari מאיר יערי‎ (1897–1987)	Mapam	24 December 1952	29 June 1955	5	Moshe Sharett (Mapai)
(2)	Peretz Bernstein פרץ ברנשטיין‎ (1890–1971)	General Zionists	29 June 1955	3 November 1955	6	Moshe Sharett (Mapai)
3	Menachem Begin מנחם בגין‎ (1913–1992)	Herut	3 November 1955	5 June 1967	7	David Ben-Gurion (Mapai)	3rd
					8		3rd
					9		4th
					10		5th
					11	Levi Eshkol (Mapai 1963–1966; Mapai/Labor Alignment 1966–1967)
					12
		Gahal Herut			13		6th
4	Yitzhak-Meir Levin יצחק-מאיר לוין‎ (1893–1971)	Agudat Yisrael	5 June 1967	6 August 1970	14	Golda Meir (Labor/Alignment)	6th
4	Yitzhak-Meir Levin יצחק-מאיר לוין‎ (1893–1971)	Agudat Yisrael	5 June 1967	6 August 1970	15		7th
(3)	Menachem Begin מנחם בגין‎ (1913–1992)	Gahal Herut	6 August 1970	20 June 1977			7th
		Likud Herut
					16		8th
					17	Yitzhak Rabin (Labor/Alignment)	8th
5	Shimon Peres שמעון פרס‎ (1923–2016)	Alignment Labor Party	20 June 1977	13 September 1984	18	Menachem Begin (Herut/Likud	9th
					19	Menachem Begin (Herut/Likud	10th
					20	Yitzhak Shamir (Herut/Likud)	10th
6	Yuval Ne'eman יובל נאמן‎ (1925–2006)	Tehiya-Tzomet Tehiya	13 September 1984	22 December 1988	21	Shimon Peres (Labor/Alignment)	11th
		Tehiya-Tzomet Tehiya			22	Yitzhak Shamir (Herut/Likud 1986–1988; Likud 1988–1992
		Tehiya			22
7	Shulamit Aloni שולמית אלוני‎ (1928–2014)	Ratz	22 December 1988	15 March 1990	23		12th
(5)	Shimon Peres שמעון פרס‎ (1923–2016)	Alignment Labor Party	15 March 1990	February 1992	24
(5)	Shimon Peres שמעון פרס‎ (1923–2016)	Labor Party	15 March 1990	February 1992
8	Yitzhak Rabin יִצְחָק רַבִּין‎ (1922–1995)	Labor Party	February 1992	13 July 1992
9	Yitzhak Shamir יצחק שמיר‎ (1915–2012)	Likud	13 July 1992	24 March 1993	25	Yitzhak Rabin (Labor)	13th
10	Benjamin Netanyahu בנימין נתניהו‎ (born 1949)		24 March 1993	18 June 1996	25	Yitzhak Rabin (Labor)
					26	Shimon Peres (Labor)
		Likud-Gesher-Tzomet Likud			26	Shimon Peres (Labor)
(5)	Shimon Peres שמעון פרס‎ (1923–2016)	Labor Party	18 June 1996	1 July 1997	27	Benjamin Netanyahu (Likud)	14th
11	Ehud Barak אהוד ברק‎ (born 1942)	Labor Party	1 July 1997	6 July 1999
11	Ehud Barak אהוד ברק‎ (born 1942)	One Israel Labor Party	1 July 1997	6 July 1999
12	Ariel Sharon אריאל שרון‎ (1928–2014)	Likud	6 July 1999	30 July 2000	28	Ehud Barak (Labor)	15th

Designated Opposition Leaders

After Amendment 8 to the "Knesset law" of 1994 was passed, the Leader of the Opposition became an official position held by the leader of the largest faction within the opposition.

Name (Birth–Death)		Party	Term start	Term end	Government(s) opposed	Prime minister(s) opposed	Knesset
12	Ariel Sharon אריאל שרון‎ (1928–2014)	Likud	31 July 2000	7 March 2001	28	Ehud Barak (Labor)	15th
13	Yossi Sarid יוסי שריד‎ (1940–2015)	Meretz	7 March 2001	4 November 2002	29	Ariel Sharon (Likud 2001–2005; Kadima 2005–2006)
14	Binyamin Ben-Eliezer בנימין בן אליעזר‎ (1936–2016)	Labor Party	4 November 2002	12 March 2003	29
14	Binyamin Ben-Eliezer בנימין בן אליעזר‎ (1936–2016)	Labor Party	4 November 2002	12 March 2003	30		16th
15	Amram Mitzna עמרם מצנע‎ (born 1945)	Labor-Meimad Labor Party	12 March 2003	13 May 2003
16	Dalia Itzik דליה איציק‎ (born 1952)		13 May 2003	25 June 2003
(5)	Shimon Peres שמעון פרס‎ (1923–2016)		25 June 2003	10 January 2005
17	Yosef Lapid יוסף לפיד‎ (1931–2008)	Shinui	10 January 2005	23 November 2005
18	Amir Peretz עמיר פרץ‎ (born 1952)	Labor-Meimad Labor Party	23 November 2005	16 January 2006
(10)	Benjamin Netanyahu בנימין נתניהו‎ (born 1949)	Likud	16 January 2006	17 April 2006
(10)	Benjamin Netanyahu בנימין נתניהו‎ (born 1949)	Likud	17 April 2006	31 March 2009	31	Ehud Olmert (Kadima)	17th
19	Tzipi Livni ציפי לבני‎ (born 1958)	Kadima	6 April 2009	2 April 2012	32	Benjamin Netanyahu (Likud)	18th
20	Shaul Mofaz שאול מופז‎ (born 1948)	Kadima	2 April 2012	9 May 2012
21	Shelly Yachimovich שלי יחימוביץ׳‎ (born 1960)	Labor Party	9 May 2012	23 July 2012
(20)	Shaul Mofaz שאול מופז‎ (born 1948)	Kadima	23 July 2012	5 February 2013
(21)	Shelly Yachimovich שלי יחימוביץ׳‎ (born 1960)	Labor Party	5 February 2013	25 November 2013
(21)	Shelly Yachimovich שלי יחימוביץ׳‎ (born 1960)		5 February 2013	25 November 2013	33		19th
22	Isaac Herzog יצחק הרצוג‎ (1960–)		25 November 2013	14 May 2015
		Zionist Union Labor Party	25 November 2013	14 May 2015
		Zionist Union Labor Party	14 May 2015	31 July 2018	34		20th
(19)	Tzipi Livni ציפי לבני‎ (born 1958)	Zionist Union Hatnuah	1 August 2018	1 January 2019
(21)	Shelly Yachimovich שלי יחימוביץ׳‎ (born 1960)	Labor Party	1 January 2019	30 April 2019
(21)	Shelly Yachimovich שלי יחימוביץ׳‎ (born 1960)	Labor Party	1 January 2019	30 April 2019			21st 22nd
	Vacant de jure, Benny Gantz de facto		30 April 2019	17 May 2020			21st 22nd
23	Yair Lapid יאיר לפיד‎ (born 1963)	Yesh Atid	17 May 2020	6 April 2021	35		23rd
(10)	Benjamin Netanyahu בנימין נתניהו‎ (born 1949)	Likud	28 June 2021	29 December 2022	36	Naftali Bennett (Yamina/New Right) Yair Lapid (Yesh Atid)	24th
(23)	Yair Lapid יאיר לפיד‎ (born 1963)	Yesh Atid	2 January 2023	Present	37	Benjamin Netanyahu (Likud)	25th

Notes

References

^ Leader of the Opposition Knesset
^ "Leader of the Opposition". knesset.gov.il. 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2020.

External links

Chapter 6: Leader of the Opposition, The Knesset law of 1994 Wikisource (in Hebrew)

[1] Leader of the Opposition Knesset

[2] "Leader of the Opposition". knesset.gov.il. 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2020.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Parliamentary position in the Knesset}}
 {{Infobox official post
 | post = Leader of the Opposition
@@ Line 8: / Line 9: @@
 | imagesize = 150px
 | incumbent = [[Yair Lapid]]
-| incumbentsince = 29 December 2022<ref>[https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/mk/Pages/HeadOfOpposition.aspx Leader of the Opposition] Knesset</ref>
+| incumbentsince = 2 January 2023<ref>[https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/mk/Pages/HeadOfOpposition.aspx Leader of the Opposition] Knesset</ref>
 | first = [[Meir Ya'ari]]
 | termlength = While leader of the largest political party in the Knesset that is not in government
@@ Line 14: / Line 15: @@
 }}{{Politics of Israel}}
-In [[Israel]], the '''Leader of the Opposition''' ({{lang-he|רֹאשׁ הַאוֹפּוֹזִיצְיָה}}, ''Rosh HaOpozitzya'') is the politician who leads the [[Leader of the opposition|Official Opposition]] in the [[Knesset]], the Israeli parliament. The [[Leader of the Opposition]] is, by [[constitutional convention (political custom)|convention]], the leader of the largest [[political party]] in the [[Knesset]] that is not in (or supports) the [[Cabinet of Israel|government]].
+In [[Israel]], the '''Leader of the Opposition''' ({{langx|he|רֹאשׁ הַאוֹפּוֹזִיצְיָה}}, ''Rosh HaOpozitzya'') is the politician who leads the [[Leader of the opposition|Official Opposition]] in the [[Knesset]], the Israeli parliament. The [[Leader of the Opposition]] is, by [[constitutional convention (political custom)|convention]], the leader of the largest [[political party]] in the [[Knesset]] that is not in (or supports) the [[Cabinet of Israel|government]].
 ==History==
@@ Line 20: / Line 21: @@
 ===Informal role, until 2000===
-Until 2000, the role of the Opposition Leader was not an official position, but rather an honorary role. The Leader of the Opposition was the leader of the largest party not in government. This was either Likud or Labor, with short exceptions during national unity governments of 1967–1970 and 1984–1990.
+Until 2000, the role of the Opposition Leader was not an official position, but rather an honorary role. The Leader of the Opposition was the leader of the largest party not in government.
-Even with the absence of a law defining the role of the Opposition Leader, it was customary for the [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]] to hold regular meetings with the leader of the largest opposition party. However, it was carried out only at the prerogative of the Prime Minister.
+Even with the absence of a law defining the role of the Opposition Leader, it was customary for the [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]] to hold regular meetings with the leader of the largest opposition party. However, this was done only at the prerogative of the Prime Minister.
 ===Formalised role, post-2000===
@@ Line 134: / Line 135: @@
 === Designated Opposition Leaders ===
-After Amendment 8 to the "Knesset law" of 1994 was passed, the Leader of the Opposition became the person elected by the largest faction of the opposition.
+After Amendment 8 to the "Knesset law" of 1994 was passed, the Leader of the Opposition became an official position held by the leader of the largest faction within the opposition.
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
@@ Line 168: / Line 169: @@
 |-
 | style="background:{{party color|Shinui}}; color:white;" | '''17'''
-| '''[[Tommy Lapid|Yosef Lapid]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יוסף לפיד}}<br />{{small|(1931–2008)}} || [[File:Tommy Lapid at Eichman trial1961 (cropped).jpg|80px]] || [[Shinui]] || nowrap| 10 January 2005 || nowrap| 23 November 2005
+| '''[[Tommy Lapid|Yosef Lapid]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יוסף לפיד}}<br />{{small|(1931–2008)}} || [[File:Tommy Lapid in 2008.jpg|80px]] || [[Shinui]] || nowrap| 10 January 2005 || nowrap| 23 November 2005
 |-
 | style="background:{{party color|Israeli Labor Party}}; color:white;" | '''18'''
@@ Line 220: / Line 221: @@
 | '''[[Benjamin Netanyahu]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|בנימין נתניהו}}<br />{{small|(born 1949)}} || [[File:Benyamin Netanyahu, Aug. 2019 (48598784726) (cropped) 2.jpg|80px]] || [[Likud]] || nowrap| 28 June 2021 || nowrap| 29 December 2022 || [[Thirty-sixth government of Israel|36]] || [[Naftali Bennett]]<br>{{small|([[Yamina]]/[[New Right (Israel)|New Right]])}}<br>[[Yair Lapid]]<br/>{{small|([[Yesh Atid]])}} || [[List of members of the twenty-fourth Knesset|24th]]
 |-
-| style="background:#003BA3; color:white;" |'''23'''
+| style="background:#003BA3; color:white;" |'''(23)'''
-| '''[[Yair Lapid]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יאיר לפיד}}<br />{{small|(born 1963)}} || [[File:Yair Lapid 2021 (cropped).jpg|80px]] || [[Yesh Atid]]|| nowrap| 29 December 2022 || nowrap| Present || [[Thirty-seventh government of Israel|37]] || [[List of members of the twenty-fifth Knesset|25th]]
+| '''[[Yair Lapid]]'''<br />{{Script/Hebrew|יאיר לפיד}}<br />{{small|(born 1963)}} || [[File:Israeli Opposition Leader Yair Lapid in November 2023 - (53307089636) (cropped).jpg|80px]] || [[Yesh Atid]]|| nowrap| 2 January 2023 || nowrap| Present || [[Thirty-seventh government of Israel|37]]
+|| [[Benjamin Netanyahu]]<br>{{small|([[Likud]])}}
+|| [[List of members of the twenty-fifth Knesset|25th]]
 |}
@@ Line 236: / Line 239: @@
 [[Category:Government of Israel]]
 [[Category:Politics of Israel]]
-[[Category:Opposition leaders|Israel]]
+[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition|Israel]]
-[[Category:Parliamentary opposition]]
+[[Category:Lists of members of the Knesset]]
-[[Category:Lists of political office-holders in Israel]]
 [[Category:Leaders of the Opposition (Israel)| ]]

v t e Leaders of the Opposition in Israel
Leader of the largest opposition party	Ya'ari (1949–51) Bernstein (1951–52) Ya'ari (1952–55) Bernstein (1955) Begin (1955–67) Levin (1967–70) Begin (1970–77) Peres (1977–84) Ne'eman (1984–88) Aloni (1988–90) Peres (1990–92) Rabin (1992) Shamir (1992–93) Netanyahu (1993–96) Peres (1996–97) Barak (1997–99) Sharon (1999–2000)
Officially designated Opposition Leader	Sharon (2000–01) Sarid (2001–03) Mitzna (2003) Itzik (2003) Peres (2003–05) T. Lapid (2005) Peretz (2005–06) Netanyahu (2006–09) Livni (2009–12) Mofaz (2012) Yachimovich (2012) Mofaz (2012–13) Yachimovich (2013) Herzog (2013–2018) Livni (2018–19) Yachimovich (2019) Y. Lapid (2020–21) Netanyahu (2021–22) Y. Lapid (2022–)