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Coordinates: 59°20′N 14°31′E / 59.333°N 14.517°E / 59.333; 14.517
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{{Other uses}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Karlskoga
| official_name = Karlskoga
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| photo1a = Karlskoga-church-2008.jpg
| perrow = 2/1/2
| photo2a = Karlskoga Konsthall.JPG
| total_width = 280
| photo3a = Björborns herrgård.jpg
| caption_align = center
| photo3b = Karlskoga, Värmland, Sweden (14769683587).jpg
| image1 = Björkborn exterior.jpg
| color = white
| caption1 = [[Björkborn Manor]]
| size = 275
| image2 = Karlskoga kyrka, 20220902.jpg
| border = 0}}
| image_caption = [[Karlskoga Church]], Karlskoga Art Gallery, [[Björkborn Manor]] and Hotel Alfred Nobel
| caption2 = [[Karlskoga Church]]
| pushpin_map = Sweden Örebro#Sweden
| image3 = Sparbankshuset, Karlskoga.jpg
| caption3 = Karlskoga Hundred Savings Bank
| pushpin_label_position =
| settlement_type = [[Urban areas in Sweden|Locality]]
| image4 = Bohult, Karlskoga, Sweden - panoramio (4).jpg
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| caption4 = Circus Kiosk
| subdivision_name = {{SWE}}
| image5 = Karlskoga Konsthall.JPG
| subdivision_type3 = [[Municipalities of Sweden|Municipality]]
| caption5 = [[Karlshall|Karlskoga Art Gallery]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Karlskoga Municipality]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Sweden|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Örebro County]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Sweden|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Värmland]]
| area_footnotes = <ref name=scb>{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |title=Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km<sup>2</sup> 2005 och 2010 |date=14 December 2011 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |language=sv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127055525/http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |archive-date=27 January 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=10 January 2012 }}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 27.33
| population_as_of = 2018
| population_footnotes = <ref name=scb/>
| population_total = 27,562 <!-- This is the official figure from Statistics Sweden (Statistiska centralbyrån). -->
| population_density_km2 = 991
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|59|20|N|14|31|E|region:SE|display=inline,title}}
| website = http://www.karlskoga.se
| name =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Chairman of the municipal board
| leader_name = [[Tony Ring]] ([[Moderate Party|M]])
| nickname = Alfred Nobel's Karlskoga
| named_for = [[Charles IX of Sweden]]
}}
}}
| pushpin_map = Sweden Örebro#Sweden
'''Karlskoga''' ({{IPA-sv|kaɭˈskûːɡa}})<ref>{{cite book|url=http://runeberg.org/ortnamn/0017.html|author1=Jöran Sahlgren|author2=Gösta Bergman|title=Svenska ortnamn med uttalsuppgifter|language=sv|year=1979|page=13}}</ref> is a [[urban areas of Sweden|locality]] and the seat of [[Karlskoga Municipality]], [[Sweden]]. Located within [[Örebro County]], 45 km (28 mi) west of [[Örebro]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karlskoga |url=http://www.informationsverige.se/sv/jag-har-fatt-uppehallstillstand/boende/lan-och-kommuner-i-sverige/orebro-lan/Karlskoga/ |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=www.informationsverige.se |language=sv}}</ref> and 10 km (6 mi) north of [[Degerfors]]. With a 2020 population of 27,386 distributed over 10.55 square miles (27.33 km<sup>2</sup>), Karlskoga is the second-largest city in both Örebro County and the [[Provinces of Sweden|historical province]] of [[Värmland]].
| pushpin_label_position =
| settlement_type = [[Urban areas in Sweden|Locality]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{SWE}}
| subdivision_type3 = [[Municipalities of Sweden|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Karlskoga Municipality]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Sweden|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Örebro County]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Sweden|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Värmland]]
| area_footnotes = <ref name=scb>{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |title=Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km<sup>2</sup> 2005 och 2010 |date=14 December 2011 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |language=sv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127055525/http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |archive-date=27 January 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=10 January 2012 }}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 27.33
| population_as_of = 2018
| population_footnotes = <ref name=scb/>
| population_total = 27,562 <!-- This is the official figure from Statistics Sweden (Statistiska centralbyrån). -->
| population_density_km2 = 991
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|59|20|N|14|31|E|region:SE|display=inline,title}}
| website = http://www.karlskoga.se
| name =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title = Chairman of the municipal board
| leader_name = [[Tony Ring]] ([[Moderate Party|M]])
| nickname = Alfred Nobel's Karlskoga
| named_for = [[Charles IX of Sweden]]
}}
'''Karlskoga''' ({{IPA|sv|kaɭˈskûːɡa|audio=LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Karlskoga.wav}})<ref>{{cite book|url=https://runeberg.org/ortnamn/0017.html|author1=Jöran Sahlgren|author2=Gösta Bergman|title=Svenska ortnamn med uttalsuppgifter|language=sv|year=1979|page=13}}</ref> is a [[urban areas of Sweden|locality]] and the seat of [[Karlskoga Municipality]], [[Sweden]]. Located within [[Örebro County]], 45&nbsp;km (28&nbsp;mi) west of [[Örebro]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karlskoga |url=http://www.informationsverige.se/sv/jag-har-fatt-uppehallstillstand/boende/lan-och-kommuner-i-sverige/orebro-lan/Karlskoga/ |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=www.informationsverige.se |language=sv}}</ref> and 10&nbsp;km (6&nbsp;mi) north of [[Degerfors]]. With a 2020 population of 27,386 distributed over 10.55 square miles (27.33&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), Karlskoga is the second-largest city in both Örebro County and the [[Provinces of Sweden|historical province]] of [[Värmland]].

Karlskoga straddles the northern shore of [[Möckeln|Lake Möckeln]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Valeur |first=Bent |title=Karlskoga |url=https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Karlskoga |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=lex.dk |publisher=[[Den Store Danske]] |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Karlskoga |url=https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/karlskoga |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=[[Nationalencyklopedin]] |publisher= |language=sv}}</ref> Among the city's main topographical features are the two rivers, Timsälven and Svartälven. Other features include an [[esker]], [[Rävåsen Nature Reserve|Rävåsen]], designated as a nature reserve, and contiguous with the [[City centre|city center]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rävåsen – Naturreservat |url=https://visitvarmland.com/karlskoga/kultur-historia/natursevardheter/ravasen-naturreservat |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=Karlskoga – Visit Värmland |language=sv}}</ref>


The broader Karlskoga area distinguishes itself from its surrounding regions, e.g. the Närke Plain, with its abundant [[woodland]]s and hills, which made it better suited for activities beyond [[agriculture]], such as the [[Ironworks|ironwork]] industry.
Karlskoga straddles the northern shore of [[Möckeln|Lake Möckeln]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Valeur |first=Bent |title=Karlskoga |url=https://denstoredanske.lex.dk/Karlskoga |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=lex.dk |publisher=[[Den Store Danske]] |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Karlskoga |url=https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/karlskoga |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=[[Nationalencyklopedin]] |publisher= |language=sv}}</ref> Among the city's main topographical features are the two rivers, Timsälven and Svartälven. Other features include an [[esker]], Rävåsen, contiguous with the [[City centre|city center]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rävåsen – Naturreservat |url=https://visitvarmland.com/karlskoga/kultur-historia/natursevardheter/ravasen-naturreservat |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=Karlskoga – Visit Värmland |language=sv}}</ref> The broader Karlskoga-area differs from its bordering regions, as covered by [[Woodland|woodlands]] and an uneven [[topography]] that more fitted other activities rather than [[agricultural]] practices.


Karlskoga evolved around the [[arms manufacturer]] [[Bofors]], and by 1970, it counted almost 10,000 employees.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fransson |first=Stig A |year=2001 |title=BOFORS – förändringsvindar i gammal tid och nutid |url=http://www.boflv.se/arkiv/150117_Boforshistoria.pdf |access-date=29 November 2022 |language=sv |quote=Bofors är nu som störst och har nästan 10 000 anställda i Karlskoga.}}</ref> The many jobs in the arms industry during the 1900s multiplied Karlskoga's population. Today, Karlskoga is still a thriving center of the arms industry, but its economy is more diverse than during the peak-Bofors era.
Karlskoga evolved around the [[arms manufacturer]] [[Bofors]], and by 1970, it counted almost 10,000 employees.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fransson |first=Stig A |year=2001 |title=BOFORS – förändringsvindar i gammal tid och nutid |url=http://www.boflv.se/arkiv/150117_Boforshistoria.pdf |access-date=29 November 2022 |language=sv |quote=Bofors är nu som störst och har nästan 10 000 anställda i Karlskoga.}}</ref> The many jobs in the arms industry during the 1900s multiplied Karlskoga's population. Today, Karlskoga is still a thriving center of the arms industry, but its economy is more diverse than during the peak-Bofors era.


Karlskoga is also home to the [[Björkborn Manor]], on the property of the Björkborn Works, where [[Alfred Nobel]] lived. His residency there is the reason his will was adjudicated in Karlskoga at [[Karlshall]], establishing the [[Nobel Prize]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |last1=Carlsson-Lénart |first= |first1=Mats |date=30 December 2015 |title=Alfred Nobels testamente - Nobels hästar det sista triumfkortet |language=sv |website=[[Sveriges Radio]] |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/6334775 |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> Other landmarks include the [[Nobel Laboratory]], the [[Karlskoga Church]], [[Mässen]], and the [[Bofors Hotel]].
Karlskoga is home to the [[Björkborn Manor]], on the property of the Björkborn Works, where [[Alfred Nobel]] lived. His residency there is the reason his will was adjudicated in Karlskoga at [[Karlshall]], establishing the [[Nobel Prize]].<ref>{{Cite news |last= |last1=Carlsson-Lénart |first= |first1=Mats |date=30 December 2015 |title=Alfred Nobels testamente - Nobels hästar det sista triumfkortet |language=sv |website=[[Sveriges Radio]] |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/6334775 |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> Other landmarks include the [[Nobel Laboratory]], the [[Karlskoga Church]], [[Mässen]], and the [[Bofors Hotel]].


== Etymology ==
== Etymology ==
Karlskoga was initially called ''Möckelns bodar'',''{{Sfn|Lindberg|1895|p=4}} Möckelsboderna''<ref name=":2" /> or ''Bodarna'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomée |first=Gustaf |date=1866 |title=251 (Sverige. Illustrerad handbok för resande och derjemte ett minne för dem som besökt landet) |url=http://runeberg.org/bgsverige/0284.html |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=runeberg.org |language=sv |via=[[Project Runeberg]]}}</ref> being derived from cottages located at the shore of lake Möckeln.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=49 (Svenska Familj-Journalen / Band III, årgång 1864) |url=http://runeberg.org/famijour/1864/0053.html |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=runeberg.org |language=sv |via=[[Project Runeberg]]}}</ref> The locality's name "Karlskoga" was coined in 1591, and has been in use ever since. It is derived from [[Charles IX of Sweden|Charles (''Karl'') IX]],<ref name=":2" /> with ''skog'' meaning woods.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Hammarin |first=Johan |title=306 (Carlstads Stifts Herdaminne / Första delen) |url=http://runeberg.org/carlstadsh/1/0306.html |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=runeberg.org |language=sv |via=[[Project Runeberg]]}}</ref>
Karlskoga was initially called ''Möckelns bodar'',''{{Sfn|Lindberg|1895|p=4}} Möckelsboderna''<ref name=":2" /> or ''Bodarna'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomée |first=Gustaf |date=1866 |title=251 (Sverige. Illustrerad handbok för resande och derjemte ett minne för dem som besökt landet) |url=https://runeberg.org/bgsverige/0284.html |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=runeberg.org |language=sv |via=[[Project Runeberg]]}}</ref> being derived from cottages located at the shore of lake Möckeln.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=49 (Svenska Familj-Journalen / Band III, årgång 1864) |url=https://runeberg.org/famijour/1864/0053.html |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=runeberg.org |language=sv |via=[[Project Runeberg]]}}</ref> The locality's name "Karlskoga" was coined in 1591, and has been in use ever since. It is derived from [[Charles IX of Sweden|Charles (''Karl'') IX]],<ref name=":2" /> with ''skog'' meaning woods.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Hammarin |first=Johan |title=306 (Carlstads Stifts Herdaminne / Första delen) |url=https://runeberg.org/carlstadsh/1/0306.html |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=runeberg.org |language=sv |via=[[Project Runeberg]]}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
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=== Pre-16th century ===
=== Pre-16th century ===
{{main article|Möckelsbodar}}
The earliest known mention of ''Möckelsbodar'' is kept in a [[Will and testament|legal declaration]] by Holdo Olofsson Stråhle and his wife Margarethe, dating April 9, 1268.{{sfn|Johansson|1895|p=34}} Other 14th-century sources point to initial settlements at the northern shore of Lake Möckeln, including the Sandviken estate, belonging to the [[Cistercian nunnery]] [[Riseberga Abbey]].{{sfn|Lindberg|1895|p=17}}{{sfn|Johansson|1895|p=35}}


=== 16th century ===
=== 16th century ===
Karlskoga and its surrounding area were sparsely populated in the beginning of the 16th century.<ref name=":0" /> It was not until the 1580s that the area started to see an increase in population, when Charles IX made people settle in the area. Ethnic [[Swedes]] (people from the historical provinces of [[Närke]] and [[Södermanland]]), and particularly [[Finns]],{{efn|Also referred to as [[Forest Finns]], as per the ethnic group settling the forest areas of [[Sweden proper]] during late 16th and early-to-mid-17th centuries.}} began to settle the area,<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nordmann |first=Petrus |date=1888 |title=XXXIII (Finnarne i mellersta Sverige) |url=http://runeberg.org/fiimellsv/0241.html |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=runeberg.org |language=sv |via=[[Project Runeberg]]}}</ref> where they took up the farming method [[slash-and-burn]]. They were followed by [[Huguenots]], fleeing religious oppression in [[France]],{{sfn|Lindberg|1895|p=6}} and by other groups including both [[Dutch people|Dutch]] and [[Germans|German]] settlers, mostly skilled [[Metalsmith|metalsmiths]].{{sfn|Lindberg|1895|p=6}}
Karlskoga and its surrounding area were sparsely populated in the beginning of the 16th century.<ref name=":0" /> It was not until the 1580s that the area started to see an increase in population, when Charles IX made people settle in the area. Ethnic [[Swedes]] (people from the historical provinces of [[Närke]] and [[Södermanland]]), and particularly [[Finns]],{{efn|Also referred to as [[Forest Finns]], as per the ethnic group settling the forest areas of [[Sweden proper]] during late 16th and early-to-mid-17th centuries.}} began to settle the area,<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nordmann |first=Petrus |date=1888 |title=XXXIII (Finnarne i mellersta Sverige) |url=https://runeberg.org/fiimellsv/0241.html |access-date=9 October 2021 |website=runeberg.org |language=sv |via=[[Project Runeberg]]}}</ref> where they took up the farming method [[slash-and-burn]]. They were followed by [[Huguenots]], fleeing religious oppression in [[France]],{{sfn|Lindberg|1895|p=6}} and by other groups including both [[Dutch people|Dutch]] and [[Germans|German]] settlers, mostly skilled [[metalsmith]]s.{{sfn|Lindberg|1895|p=6}}


The parish of Karlskoga was established in 1586 and a [[Karlskoga Church|wooden church]] was soon built. It was small in size, and was solely made up of the [[sacristy]] still preserved at this site,{{sfn|Lindberg|1895|p=8}} which was a consequence of [[population increase]] in the years prior. The first priest elected was Olaus Gestricius,{{sfn|Dahl|1779|p=3}}{{efn|Alternative spellings include Olavus Johannis, Olof Hansson, and «herr Olaf på Möckelnsbodar».{{sfn|Lindberg|1895|p=10}}}} by the late 1500s.{{sfn|Dahl|1779|p=18}} In the 17th century fourteen small [[iron works]] and eight [[Trip hammer|waterdriven hammer]]s for [[bar iron]] were established. Most of these were still operating in the 1860s, but the dominating ironworks was the one in nearby [[Bofors]]. In 1871, Bofors produced 6,124 metric tons of [[iron]], more than any other plant in Sweden. In 1882, Karlskoga parish (''socken'') had 11,184 inhabitants.
The parish of Karlskoga was established in 1586 and a [[Karlskoga Church|wooden church]] was soon built. It was small in size, and was solely made up of the [[sacristy]] still preserved at this site,{{sfn|Lindberg|1895|p=8}} which was a consequence of [[population increase]] in the years prior. The first priest elected was Olaus Gestricius{{sfn|Dahl|1779|p=3}} (herr Olaf på Möckelnsbodar){{sfn|Lindberg|1895|p=10}} by the late 1500s.{{sfn|Dahl|1779|p=18}}


=== 19th century ===
=== Industrial era ===
During the 17th century, fourteen small [[ironworks]] and eight [[Trip hammer|water-driven hammers]] for producing [[bar iron]] were established. This encompassed the emergence of both Björkborn Works and Bofors Works. As the owner of both ironworks, [[Sigrid Ekehielm]] assumed the leadership of an industrial empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bande |first=Alf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v7PNuAAACAAJ |title=Bofors och boforsare |date=1996 |publisher=Probus |isbn=978-91-87184-36-9 |language=sv}}</ref>
[[File:Aerial photograph of Swedish landscape taken by rocket, 1897 losslesscrop.jpg|thumb|The first aerial photograph by rocket was of Karlskoga using one of [[Alfred Nobel]] cameras c. 1897, rocket possibly by Captain [[Wilhelm T. Unge]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ingemar Skoog |first1=A. |date=1 February 2010 |title=The Alfred Nobel rocket camera. An early aerial photography attempt |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576509003452 |journal=Acta Astronautica |language=en |volume=66 |issue=3–4 |pages=624–635 |doi=10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.06.011 |issn=0094-5765}}</ref>]]
The town of Karlskoga has evolved around Bofors, which in the late 19th century was transformed from an iron works to a manufacturer of [[cannon]] and in the 20th century to a more diversified defense industry. [[Bofors]] was incorporated in 1873 and has since the 1880s been specializing in the lucrative manufacture of cannon.


Most of the original ironworks were still operating in the 1860s, but the dominating ironworks was the one in nearby [[Bofors]]. In 1871, Bofors produced 6,124 metric tons of [[iron]], more than any other plant in Sweden. In 1882, Karlskoga parish (''[[socken]]'') had 11,184 inhabitants.
The most famous owner of [[Bofors]] was [[Alfred Nobel]], who owned the company from 1894 until his death in December 1896. He had a key role in reshaping the ironworks to a modern cannon manufacturer and [[chemical industry]]. During the summers of 1894–1896 he lived in the [[manor house]] [[Björkborn Manor|Björkborn]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alfred Nobel {{!}} Björkborns Herrgård {{!}} Visit Karlskoga Degerfors |url=https://www.visitkarlskogadegerfors.se/sv/Alfred%20Nobel |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=www.visitkarlskogadegerfors.se |language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Asarnoj |first=Nina |date=5 October 2017 |title=Herrgården som möjliggjorde Nobelpriset |language=sv |newspaper=[[Sveriges Radio]] |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/6791868 |access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref> Even though he died in his villa in [[Sanremo]], [[Italy]] and had a home in [[Paris]], it was decided that his legal residence was at Björkborn in Karlskoga. Because of that it was here his famous [[Will (law)|testament]] that was written in Paris in 1895 was legally registered, which eventually made it possible to establish the [[Nobel Prize]].


The town of Karlskoga has evolved around Bofors, which in the late 19th century was transformed from an iron works to a manufacturer of [[cannon]] and in the 20th century to a more diversified defense industry. [[Bofors]] was incorporated in 1873 and has since the 1880s been specializing in the lucrative manufacture of cannon.
=== 20th century ===

In 1940 the town of Karlskoga and the surrounding area (the same territory as today's Karlskoga Municipality) got the formal title of a [[cities in Sweden|city]] (''stad''). Since 1971 this term has no legal meaning and only the built-up area is considered a ''[[de facto]]'' town. Karlskoga spent most of the 20th century as a growing company town to Bofors. Only with the [[Demilitarisation|demilitarization]] in the most recent decades has this started to be a problem for the town. There were 8,500 workers in Bofors in 1980, but the number had decreased to 2,600 as of 1998.
=== Alfred Nobel ===
[[File:Aerial photograph of Swedish landscape taken by rocket, 1897 losslesscrop.jpg|thumb|The first aerial photograph by rocket was of Karlskoga using one of [[Alfred Nobel]] cameras c. 1897, rocket possibly by Captain [[Wilhelm T. Unge]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ingemar Skoog |first1=A. |date=1 February 2010 |title=The Alfred Nobel rocket camera. An early aerial photography attempt |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576509003452 |journal=Acta Astronautica |language=en |volume=66 |issue=3–4 |pages=624–635 |doi=10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.06.011 |bibcode=2010AcAau..66..624I |issn=0094-5765}}</ref>|left]]The most famous owner of [[Bofors]] was [[Alfred Nobel]], who owned the company from 1894 until his death in December 1896.

Nobel had a key role in reshaping the ironworks to a modern cannon manufacturer and [[chemical industry]]. During the summers of 1894–1896 he lived in the [[manor house]] [[Björkborn Manor|Björkborn]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alfred Nobel {{!}} Björkborns Herrgård {{!}} Visit Karlskoga Degerfors |url=https://www.visitkarlskogadegerfors.se/sv/Alfred%20Nobel |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=www.visitkarlskogadegerfors.se |language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Asarnoj |first=Nina |date=5 October 2017 |title=Herrgården som möjliggjorde Nobelpriset |language=sv |newspaper=[[Sveriges Radio]] |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/6791868 |access-date=27 July 2021}}</ref>

Even though he died in his villa in [[Sanremo]], [[Italy]] and had a home in [[Paris]], it was decided that his legal residence was at Björkborn in Karlskoga, which had been his final residence in Sweden.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kämpargård |first=Niklas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qaXdDwAAQBAJ&dq=Alfred+Nobel+Bj%C3%B6rkborn&pg=PT221 |title=Svemester: så reser du smart och hållbart i Sverige |publisher=MiMa Förlag |isbn=978-91-88845-53-5 |language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alfred Nobels Björkborn |url=https://visitvarmland.com/karlskoga/produkter/kultur-historia/museum/alfred-nobels-bjorkborn |access-date=12 August 2023 |website=Karlskoga – Visit Värmland |language=sv}}</ref> Because of that it was here his famous [[Will (law)|testament]] that was written in Paris in 1895 was legally registered, which eventually made it possible to establish the [[Nobel Prize]].

=== Twentieth century ===
[[File:Bofors_-_huvudkontor.jpg|thumb|The Bofors Headquarters completed in 1930]]
In 1940 the town of Karlskoga and the surrounding area (the same territory as today's Karlskoga Municipality) got the formal title of a [[cities in Sweden|city]] (''stad''). Since 1971 this term has no legal meaning and only the built-up area is considered a ''[[de facto]]'' town.

Karlskoga spent most of the 20th century as a growing company town to Bofors. Only with the [[Demilitarisation|demilitarization]] in the most recent decades has this started to be a problem for the town. There were 8,500 workers in Bofors in 1980, but the number had decreased to 2,600 as of 1998.

=== Recent history ===
During the first decade of the 21st century, approximately 1,000 apartments in [[multi-family buildings]] were demolished due to reduced demand for firearms products. This resulted in the population dwindling to 29,600.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 March 2012 |title=Det rivs samtidigt som det byggs nytt |language=sv |work=Sveriges Radio |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/5029267 |access-date=12 August 2023}}</ref> During the 2010s, however, the population trend reversed, and the numbers began to rise.

In 2023, the magazine [[Fokus (magazine)|''Fokus'']] ranked Karlskoga as the fifteenth best municipality to live in Sweden.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 June 2023 |title=Karlskoga – den enda felfria kommunen? |language=sv |work=[[Fokus (magazine)|Fokus]] |url=https://www.fokus.se/bast-att-leva/karlskoga-den-enda-felfria-kommunen/ |access-date=12 August 2023}}</ref>


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
Karlskoga is situated more or less in a low mountainous ridge called [[Kilsbergen]] that separates [[Närke]] from [[Värmland]].


=== Location ===
Such areas have traditionally been financially poor. This led to a significant [[Swedish emigration to North America]] from the district in the latter half of the 19th century. [[Stockholm, Wisconsin]] was for instance founded in 1854 by immigrants from Karlskoga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Ben |date=9 March 2022 |title=The Small Town In Wisconsin Boasting World-Famous Pie Is The Sweetest Day Trip Destination |work=Only In Your State |url=https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/wisconsin/sweetest-day-trip-destination-wi/ |access-date=19 June 2022 |quote=The village has a rich heritage. It was founded in 1854 by immigrants from Karlskoga, Sweden, who named it after their [[Stockholm|country's capital]].}}</ref>
[[File:Gamla båthamnen, Karlskoga.png|thumb|Karlskoga by Lake Möckeln]]
Karlskoga is situated more or less in a low mountainous ridge called [[Kilsbergen]] that separates [[Närke]] from [[Värmland]]. Such areas have traditionally been financially poor. This led to a significant [[Swedish emigration to North America]] from the district in the latter half of the 19th century. [[Stockholm, Wisconsin]] was for instance founded in 1854 by immigrants from Karlskoga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Ben |date=9 March 2022 |title=The Small Town In Wisconsin Boasting World-Famous Pie Is The Sweetest Day Trip Destination |work=Only In Your State |url=https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/wisconsin/sweetest-day-trip-destination-wi/ |access-date=19 June 2022 |quote=The village has a rich heritage. It was founded in 1854 by immigrants from Karlskoga, Sweden, who named it after their [[Stockholm|country's capital]].}}</ref>

The city borders on the municipalities of [[Hällefors]] and [[Storfors Municipality|Storfors]] to the north; [[Lekeberg Municipality|Lekeberg]] to the east; Degerfors and the Lake Möckeln to the south; and [[Kristinehamn Municipality|Kristinehamn]] to the west.


=== Neighbourhoods ===
=== Neighbourhoods ===
The many residential communities of Karlskoga express a character distinct to the [[company town]]. [[Million Programme|Million programme]] residential buildings can be found in enclaves such as Baggängen, Ekeby and Sandviken.
The many residential communities of Karlskoga express a character distinct to the [[company town]]. [[Million Programme|Million programme]] residential buildings can be found in enclaves such as Baggängen, Ekeby, Sandviken and [[Skranta]].


The Rosendal neighbourhood, historically significant for the architecture of its homes,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Björndahl |first=Anna |date=30 August 2017 |title=Följ med till "Bullerbyn" Rosendal i Karlskoga |language=sv-SE |work=[[Sveriges Radio]] |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/6766554 |access-date=26 November 2022}}</ref> planned community by the Bofors Works, was designated as an area of national interest for [[cultural heritage]].{{sfn|Torgén|Hagberg|2015|p=11}}
The Rosendal neighbourhood, historically significant for the architecture of its homes,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Björndahl |first=Anna |date=30 August 2017 |title=Följ med till "Bullerbyn" Rosendal i Karlskoga |language=sv-SE |work=[[Sveriges Radio]] |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/6766554 |access-date=26 November 2022}}</ref> planned community by the Bofors Works, was designated as an area of national interest for [[cultural heritage]].{{sfn|Torgén|Hagberg|2015|p=11}}
Line 86: Line 114:
{{Historical populations|1900|14=31,106|24=27,490|23=2015|22=27,084|21=2010|20=27,500|19=2005|18=28,579|17=2000|16=30,177|15=1995|13=1990|1,810|12=34,329|11=1980|10=35,425|9=1975|8=36,963|7=1970|6=34,970|5=1965|4=31,433|1960|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.}}Karlskoga's population grew steadily from the time when arms manufacturer Bofors had started to expand, until the 1970s. Thereafter, it underwent a sharp decline (down by almost 10,000 inhabitants over a 30-year period), with signs of recovery only in the very last few years as of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kommuner i siffror |url=https://kommunsiffror.scb.se/?id1=1883&id2=null |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=kommunsiffror.scb.se |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2019 |title=Karlskoga |url=https://snl.no/Karlskoga |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=[[Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]] |language=nb |quote=Etter årtusenskiftet har folketallet holdt seg stabilt.}}</ref> Nevertheless, with 27,386 inhabitants, Karlskoga is the second most populous place in Örebro County following [[Örebro]] (126,009).
{{Historical populations|1900|14=31,106|24=27,490|23=2015|22=27,084|21=2010|20=27,500|19=2005|18=28,579|17=2000|16=30,177|15=1995|13=1990|1,810|12=34,329|11=1980|10=35,425|9=1975|8=36,963|7=1970|6=34,970|5=1965|4=31,433|1960|footnote=Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.}}Karlskoga's population grew steadily from the time when arms manufacturer Bofors had started to expand, until the 1970s. Thereafter, it underwent a sharp decline (down by almost 10,000 inhabitants over a 30-year period), with signs of recovery only in the very last few years as of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kommuner i siffror |url=https://kommunsiffror.scb.se/?id1=1883&id2=null |access-date=27 July 2021 |website=kommunsiffror.scb.se |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2019 |title=Karlskoga |url=https://snl.no/Karlskoga |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=[[Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]] |language=nb |quote=Etter årtusenskiftet har folketallet holdt seg stabilt.}}</ref> Nevertheless, with 27,386 inhabitants, Karlskoga is the second most populous place in Örebro County following [[Örebro]] (126,009).


The presence of foreign residents in Karlskoga accounts for 16.5 % of inhabitants. This compares with 19.1 % in the town Örebro.
The presence of foreign residents in Karlskoga accounts for 16.5% of inhabitants. This compares with 19.1% in the town Örebro.


=== Ethnicity ===
=== Migration ===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:right;"
|+Population of Karlskoga by country of birth in 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Folkmängden efter region, födelseland och kön |url=https://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__BE__BE0101__BE0101E/FolkmRegFlandK/ |website=Statistics Sweden |language=sv}}</ref>{{efn|Data applies to [[Karlskoga Municipality]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Utrikes födda efter län, kommun och födelseland 31 december 2017 |url=https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/pong/tabell-och-diagram/helarsstatistik--kommun-lan-och-riket/utrikes-fodda-efter-lan-kommun-och-fodelseland-31-december/ |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |language=sv-SE}}</ref>}}
! colspan="2" |Country of Birth
!Population
|-
! colspan="2" |{{flag|Sweden}}
!25,246
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |Non-Sweden
!5,032
|-
| rowspan="11" |
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Finland}}
|815
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Syria}}
|756
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Somalia}}
|338
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Vietnam}}
|332
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Iraq}}
|251
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Afghanistan}}
|247
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|163
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Norway}}
|152
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Turkey}}
|136
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |{{flag|Iran}}
|121
|-
| style="text-align:left;" |Others
|1,721
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!30,278
|}
In the 1580s, a total of five Finns settled in Möckelsbodar (present-day Karlskoga).''{{Sfn|Broberg|1980|p=21}}'' In 1649, 32 of a total of 186 [[Farm|agricultural holdings]] were occupied by Finns.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2014 |title=Finnsams vinterkonferens i Karlskoga anno 2014 |url=https://www.finnsam.org/aktuellt/Karlskoga%20slutrapport%202014.pdf |access-date=29 November 2022 |location=Örebro |pages=11−12 |language=sv}}</ref>
In the 1580s, a total of five Finns settled in Möckelsbodar (present-day Karlskoga).''{{Sfn|Broberg|1980|p=21}}'' In 1649, 32 of a total of 186 [[Farm|agricultural holdings]] were occupied by Finns.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2014 |title=Finnsams vinterkonferens i Karlskoga anno 2014 |url=https://www.finnsam.org/aktuellt/Karlskoga%20slutrapport%202014.pdf |access-date=29 November 2022 |location=Örebro |pages=11−12 |language=sv}}</ref>


In 2017, the three most commonly reported ethnic origins (by-birth) overall were Finns (935 or 3.1 per cent), [[Syrians]] (650 or 2.1 per cent) and [[Somalis]] (409 or 1.3 per cent).{{efn|Data applies to [[Karlskoga Municipality]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Utrikes födda efter län, kommun och födelseland 31 december 2017 |url=https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/pong/tabell-och-diagram/helarsstatistik--kommun-lan-och-riket/utrikes-fodda-efter-lan-kommun-och-fodelseland-31-december/ |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |language=sv-SE}}</ref>}}
In 2017, the three most commonly reported ethnic origins (by-birth) overall were Finns (935 or 3.1 per cent), [[Syrians]] (650 or 2.1 per cent) and [[Somalis]] (409 or 1.3 per cent).{{efn|Data applies to [[Karlskoga Municipality]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Utrikes födda efter län, kommun och födelseland 31 december 2017 |url=https://www.scb.se/hitta-statistik/statistik-efter-amne/befolkning/befolkningens-sammansattning/befolkningsstatistik/pong/tabell-och-diagram/helarsstatistik--kommun-lan-och-riket/utrikes-fodda-efter-lan-kommun-och-fodelseland-31-december/ |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |language=sv-SE}}</ref>}}

=== Religion ===
Various religious denominations and congregations are based in Karlskoga, including the [[Saint George]] Catholic congregation, established in 1956,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sankt Görans katolska församling |url=http://www.sanktgoran.nu/ |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=www.sanktgoran.nu |language=sv}}</ref> and the Bofors [[Baptists|Baptist]] congregation, established in 1884.{{sfn|Lindberg|1895|p=21}}


=== Language and dialects ===
=== Language and dialects ===
In 2012, Karlskoga Municipality received its status as a [[Finnish language|Finnish]]-speaking administrative municipality.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2022 |title=Karlskoga kommun – 10 år som finsk förvaltningskommun |url=https://karlskoga.se/arkiv/nyheter/nyheter/2022-06-09-karlskoga-kommun---10-ar-som-finsk-forvaltningskommun.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=karlskoga.se |publisher=[[Karlskoga Municipality]] |language=sv}}</ref>
In 2012, Karlskoga Municipality received its status as a [[Finnish language|Finnish]]-speaking administrative municipality.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2022 |title=Karlskoga kommun – 10 år som finsk förvaltningskommun |url=https://karlskoga.se/arkiv/nyheter/nyheter/2022-06-09-karlskoga-kommun---10-ar-som-finsk-forvaltningskommun.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=karlskoga.se |publisher=[[Karlskoga Municipality]] |language=sv}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
Various religious denominations and congregations are based in Karlskoga, including the [[Church of Sweden]], which has several churches in Karlskoga. The oldest church, the [[Karlskoga Church]], is the parish church in the Karlskoga parish and can be traced back to the 1600s. Later churches built in the city include the Karlberg Church and the Rävåsen Church. There are also several [[free church]]es represented in Karlskoga. The [[Swedish Pentecostal Movement]] has its own church, while the [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] have their [[Kingdom Hall]].

A baptist congregation, the Bofors Baptist congregation, was established in 1884,{{sfn|Lindberg|1895|p=21}} and St. George's Catholic congregation was established in 1956.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sankt Görans katolska församling |url=http://www.sanktgoran.nu/ |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=www.sanktgoran.nu |language=sv}}</ref>

There are several cemeteries in Karlskoga. The city's oldest cemetery was likely established when Karlskoga Church was built. North of it lies [[Skogskyrkogården Chapel (Karlskoga)|Skogskyrkogården]] {{literal translation|The Woodland Cemetery}}, inaugurated in 1908. The Eastern Cemetery in the eastern parts of the city was established in the 1940s.


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
The city is an important center for the arms manufacturing and [[pharmaceutical industries]]; it is home to various multinational corporations, including subsidiaries and -divisions of [[Bharat Forge]], [[BAE Systems]], [[Saab AB]] ([[Saab Bofors Dynamics|SAAB Bofors Dynamics]]), [[Cambrex Corporation]], [[Recipharm]], and [[Moelven Industrier]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karlskogas expansiva näringsliv |url=https://karlskoga.se/naringsliv--arbete/karlskogas-expansiva-naringsliv.html |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=karlskoga.se |publisher=[[Karlskoga Municipality]] |language=sv}}</ref>


=== Manufacturing sector ===
==Sports==
The city is an important center for the arms manufacturing and [[pharmaceutical industries]]; it is home to various multinational corporations, including subsidiaries and divisions of [[Bharat Forge]], [[BAE Systems]], [[Saab AB]] ([[Saab Bofors Dynamics|SAAB Bofors Dynamics]]), [[Nammo]], [[Cambrex Corporation]], [[Recipharm]], [[Moelven Industrier]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karlskogas expansiva näringsliv |url=https://karlskoga.se/naringsliv--arbete/karlskogas-expansiva-naringsliv.html |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=karlskoga.se |publisher=[[Karlskoga Municipality]] |language=sv}}</ref> and [[Eurenco]].<ref name="da1">{{cite news |url=https://www.defense-aerospace.com/eurenco-to-build-new-hexogen-explosive-manufacturing-unit/ |title=Eurenco to Build New Hexogen Explosive Manufacturing Unit |date=19 April 2017 }}</ref>
[[File:Nobelhallen 01.jpg|thumb|[[Nobelhallen]]]]Karlskoga is home to several stadiums, of which [[Nobelhallen]] is the largest (it hosted the [[1979 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships]]).

== Culture ==

=== Literature ===
[[File:Maja-Ekelöf-1970.jpg|thumb|Maja Ekelöf and [[Alva Myrdal]] (right)]]
Karlskoga has a connection with notable literary figures, including [[Maja Ekelöf]], whose best-selling ''Rapport från en skurhink'' was published in 1970.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2022 |title=Maja Ekelöf hade "torkat nog många golv" |work=P1 Kultur |publisher=Sveriges Radio |url=https://sverigesradio.se/avsnitt/jag-har-torkat-nog-manga-golv-nu-kommer-forsta-biografin-om-maja-ekelof |access-date=12 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Furuland |first1=Lars |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VPplAAAAMAAJ&q=Maja+Ekel%C3%B6f+Karlskoga |title=Svensk arbetarlitteratur |last2=Svedjedal |first2=Johan |date=2006 |publisher=Atlas |isbn=978-91-89044-15-9 |language=sv}}</ref> Nobel laureate [[Selma Lagerlöf]] stayed in Karlskoga during her [[confirmation]] period with [[Tullius Hammargren|Tullius Hammagren]]. In her 1925 novel "[[Charlotte Löwensköld]]," she depicts estates and surroundings in Karlskoga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PROSTFOLKET I KARLSKOGA 1869 — 1899. |url=https://litteraturbanken.se/f%C3%B6rfattare/Lagerl%C3%B6fS/titlar/Fr%C3%A5nSkildaTider2/sida/185/etext |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=litteraturbanken.se |language=sv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Villa Ekeliden |url=https://visitvarmland.com/karlskoga/mat-dryck/kafe-bageri/villa-ekeliden |access-date=21 August 2023 |website=Karlskoga – Visit Värmland |language=sv}}</ref> Moreover, [[children's literature]] writers [[Anders Jacobsson and Sören Olsson]] are intertwined with Karlskoga, using the town as inspiration for fictional characters and locales, such as in the "[[Bert Diaries]]," which were set in the fictional town of [[Öreskoga]].

=== Media ===
''Karlskoga Tidning-Kuriren'' stands as Karlskoga's primary and sole [[daily newspaper]]. It formed through the merger of ''Karlskoga Tidning'' and ''Karlskoga Kuriren'', the city's two former daily newspapers, it came into existence in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2020 |title=Nu blir vi Karlskoga Tidning-Kuriren |url=https://www.kt-kuriren.se/2020/06/11/nu-blir-vi-karlskoga-tidning-kuriren-4d588/ |access-date=12 August 2023 |website=KT-Kuriren |language=sv}}</ref> There is also a commercial [[radio station]] based in Karlskoga, ''Cityradion''.

== Sport ==
[[File:BIK Karlskoga players.jpg|thumb|[[BIK Karlskoga]] ice hockey players]]Karlskoga is home to several stadiums, of which [[Nobelhallen]] is the largest (it hosted the [[1979 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships]]). Karlskoga is home to the [[ice hockey]] team [[BIK Karlskoga]], established in 1978,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Velander |first=Leonard Jägerskiöld |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qx1GEAAAQBAJ&dq=bik+karlskoga&pg=PT192 |title=Hockeyns heraldik |publisher=Modernista |isbn=978-91-8023-168-8 |language=sv}}</ref> currently playing as per the [[2021–22 HockeyAllsvenskan season|2021–2022 season]] in [[HockeyAllsvenskan]], the second tier of Swedish ice hockey.


Karlskoga also upholds a heritage in [[Diving (sport)|diving]] and [[canoeing]], housing clubs like Bofors SHK and Bofors KK. Notable Olympic champions include [[Ulrika Knape]] in diving, as well as [[Agneta Andersson]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Buchanan |first1=Ian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fH3hD3MkIMYC&dq=Agneta+Andersson+Karlskoga&pg=PA7 |title=Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement |last2=Mallon |first2=Bill |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8108-6524-2 |language=en}}</ref> and [[Maria Haglund]] in canoeing.
=== Professional sports ===
Karlskoga is home to the [[ice hockey]] team [[BIK Karlskoga]], currently playing as per the [[2021–22 HockeyAllsvenskan season|2021–2022 season]] in [[HockeyAllsvenskan]], the second tier of Swedish ice hockey.


There is also a football team called [[KB Karlskoga FF]], and a [[Women's association football|women's soccer]] team, [[Rävåsens IK|Rävåsen IK]].
There is also a football team called [[KB Karlskoga FF]], and a [[Women's association football|women's soccer]] team, [[Rävåsens IK|Rävåsen IK]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=RIK Karlskoga |url=https://www.rikkarlskoga.se/ |access-date=12 August 2023 |website=www.rikkarlskoga.se |language=sv}}</ref>


== Notable people ==<!--Do not add characters from the TV show ''The Office''. This list is for people, not fictional characters. -->
== Notable people ==<!--Do not add characters from the TV show ''The Office''. This list is for people, not fictional characters. -->
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Peter Arvai]], co-founder of [[Prezi]]
* [[Peter Arvai]], co-founder of [[Prezi]]

* [[Alfred Nobel]]. He lived at the [[Björkborn Manor]] house, on the property of the [[Bofors]] works, which he owned. His residency there is the reason his will was adjudicated in Karlskoga, establishing the [[Nobel Prize]]s.
* [[Alfred Nobel]]. He lived at the [[Björkborn Manor]] house, on the property of the [[Bofors]] works, which he owned. His residency there is the reason his will was adjudicated in Karlskoga, establishing the [[Nobel Prize]]s.

* [[Stina Swartling]], writer
* [[Stina Swartling]], writer


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{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Sweden}}
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Sweden}}


===Twin towns – Sister cities===
=== Twin towns – Sister cities ===
Karlskoga is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vänorter och samarbetsländer |url=https://karlskoga.se/kommun--politik/kommunfakta/vanorter-och-samarbetslander.html |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=karlskoga.se |publisher=[[Karlskoga Municipality]] |language=sv}}</ref>
Karlskoga is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Vänorter och samarbetsländer |url=https://karlskoga.se/kommun--politik/kommunfakta/vanorter-och-samarbetslander.html |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=karlskoga.se |publisher=[[Karlskoga Municipality]] |language=sv}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Aalborg]], [[Denmark]]
*{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Húsavík]], [[Iceland]]
*{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Aalborg]], Denmark
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Riihimäki]], [[Finland]]
*{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Fredrikstad]], Norway
*{{flagicon|EST}} [[Narva]], [[Estonia]]
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Wheaton, Illinois]], United States
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sanremo]], [[Italy]]
*{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Húsavík]], Iceland
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Wheaton, Illinois]], [[United States]]
*{{flagicon|EST}} [[Narva]], Estonia
*{{flagicon|LAT}} [[Olaine]], [[Latvia]]
*{{flagicon|LAT}} [[Olaine]], Latvia
*{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Fredrikstad]], Norway
*{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Riihimäki]], Finland
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sanremo]], Italy
{{div col end}}

; Suspended twin towns

* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Ivangorod]], Russia (suspended in 2022)<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 2022 |title=Karlskoga klipper banden med rysk vänort |language=sv |work=P4 Örebro |publisher=Sveriges Radio |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/karlskoga-klipper-banden-med-rysk-vanort |access-date=12 August 2023}}</ref>

=== Partnership and friendship ===
Karlskoga also cooperates with:<ref name=":3" />
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Birmingham]], England
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Bremen]], Germany
*{{flagdeco|SCO}} [[Irvine, North Ayrshire|Irvine]], Scotland
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Jordanów]], Poland
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Łódź]], Poland
*{{flagdeco|GER}} [[Lüchow-Dannenberg]], Germany
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Rheinfelden, Germany]]
*{{flagicon|UK}} [[Strathclyde]], Scotland
*{{flagicon|GER}} Unter Franken, Germany
*{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Vale of Glamorgan]], Wales
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Vitry-le-François]], France
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Watford]], England
{{div col end}}


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
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}}
}}
* {{cite book |last1=Torgén |first1=Charlott |url=https://www.olm.se/download/18.59d648c7154bf845e2c3b4cd/1463555714644/Rapport+2015-09.+Inventering+av+bebyggelse+i+Karlskoga+t%C3%A4tort,+etapp+1..pdf |title=Inventering av kulturhistorisk bebyggelse i Karlskoga tätort |last2=Hagberg |first2=Charlotta |publisher=Örebro läns museum |year=2015 |isbn= |location= |language=sv-SE
* {{cite book |last1=Torgén |first1=Charlott |url=https://www.olm.se/download/18.59d648c7154bf845e2c3b4cd/1463555714644/Rapport+2015-09.+Inventering+av+bebyggelse+i+Karlskoga+t%C3%A4tort,+etapp+1..pdf |title=Inventering av kulturhistorisk bebyggelse i Karlskoga tätort |last2=Hagberg |first2=Charlotta |publisher=Örebro läns museum |year=2015 |isbn= |location= |language=sv-SE
}}

{{refend}}

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin|30em}}

* {{cite book |last=Wagnér |first=Gottfrid |url=https://libris.kb.se/bib/1364902?vw=full |title=Karlskoga |publisher= Karlskoga förl. |year=1933 |isbn= |language=sv-SE
}}
* {{cite book |last=Dalgren |first=Lars |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aChYAQAACAAJ&q=karlskoga+historia |title=Karlskoga historia, 1586-1936 |date=1936 |publisher=H. Petersson & Company |isbn= |language=sv
}}
* {{cite book |last=Bande |first=Alf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=id2OtgAACAAJ |title=Kyrkbyn som blev stad: "hänt och upplevt i Karlskoga under 50 år" |publisher=Spongs bokhandel |year=1987 |isbn= |language=sv
}}
*{{cite book |last=Öman |first=Karin |url= |title=Karlskoga : mitt emellan Värmland och Närke |year=2004 |publisher = Spongs bokh. |location= Karlstad |isbn= 9163156717 |language=sv
}}
*{{cite book |last=Björk |first=Jan-Erik |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4cXLjwEACAAJ |title=Skogsfinsk kolonisation i Karlskogaområdet 1580-1650 : en introduktion |year=2014 |publisher= |via= [[Google Books]] |isbn= |language=sv
}}
}}


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== External links ==
== External links ==
*{{commonscat-inline|Karlskoga}}
*{{commons category-inline|Karlskoga}}
*[https://karlskoga.se Official website of Karlskoga]


{{Karlskoga landmarks}}
{{Karlskoga landmarks}}
{{Localities in Karlskoga Municipality}}
{{Localities in Karlskoga Municipality}}
{{Örebro County}}{{50 most populous urban areas of Sweden}}{{Authority control}}
{{Örebro County}}{{50 most populous urban areas of Sweden}}{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Karlskoga]]
[[Category:Karlskoga]]
[[Category:Municipal seats of Örebro County]]
[[Category:Municipal seats of Örebro County]]

Latest revision as of 07:56, 11 December 2024

For other uses, see Karlskoga (disambiguation).
Karlskoga
Locality
Björkborn Manor
Karlskoga Church
Karlskoga Hundred Savings Bank
Circus Kiosk
Karlskoga Art Gallery
Nickname: 
Alfred Nobel's Karlskoga
Karlskoga is located in Örebro
Karlskoga
Karlskoga
Karlskoga is located in Sweden
Karlskoga
Karlskoga
Coordinates: 59°20′N 14°31′E / 59.333°N 14.517°E / 59.333; 14.517
Country Sweden
ProvinceVärmland
CountyÖrebro County
MunicipalityKarlskoga Municipality
Named forCharles IX of Sweden
Government
 • Chairman of the municipal boardTony Ring (M)
Area
[1]
 • Total
27.33 km2 (10.55 sq mi)
Population
 (2018)[1]
 • Total
27,562
 • Density991/km2 (2,570/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Websitehttp://www.karlskoga.se

Karlskoga (Swedish pronunciation: [kaɭˈskûːɡa] ⓘ)[2] is a locality and the seat of Karlskoga Municipality, Sweden. Located within Örebro County, 45 km (28 mi) west of Örebro,[3] and 10 km (6 mi) north of Degerfors. With a 2020 population of 27,386 distributed over 10.55 square miles (27.33 km2), Karlskoga is the second-largest city in both Örebro County and the historical province of Värmland.

Karlskoga straddles the northern shore of Lake Möckeln.[4][5] Among the city's main topographical features are the two rivers, Timsälven and Svartälven. Other features include an esker, Rävåsen, designated as a nature reserve, and contiguous with the city center.[6]

The broader Karlskoga area distinguishes itself from its surrounding regions, e.g. the Närke Plain, with its abundant woodlands and hills, which made it better suited for activities beyond agriculture, such as the ironwork industry.

Karlskoga evolved around the arms manufacturer Bofors, and by 1970, it counted almost 10,000 employees.[7] The many jobs in the arms industry during the 1900s multiplied Karlskoga's population. Today, Karlskoga is still a thriving center of the arms industry, but its economy is more diverse than during the peak-Bofors era.

Karlskoga is home to the Björkborn Manor, on the property of the Björkborn Works, where Alfred Nobel lived. His residency there is the reason his will was adjudicated in Karlskoga at Karlshall, establishing the Nobel Prize.[8] Other landmarks include the Nobel Laboratory, the Karlskoga Church, Mässen, and the Bofors Hotel.

Etymology

[edit]

Karlskoga was initially called Möckelns bodar,[9] Möckelsboderna[4] or Bodarna,[10] being derived from cottages located at the shore of lake Möckeln.[11] The locality's name "Karlskoga" was coined in 1591, and has been in use ever since. It is derived from Charles (Karl) IX,[4] with skog meaning woods.[12]

History

[edit]
See also: Timeline of Karlskoga

Pre-16th century

[edit]
Main article: Möckelsbodar

16th century

[edit]

Karlskoga and its surrounding area were sparsely populated in the beginning of the 16th century.[11] It was not until the 1580s that the area started to see an increase in population, when Charles IX made people settle in the area. Ethnic Swedes (people from the historical provinces of Närke and Södermanland), and particularly Finns,[a] began to settle the area,[12][13] where they took up the farming method slash-and-burn. They were followed by Huguenots, fleeing religious oppression in France,[14] and by other groups including both Dutch and German settlers, mostly skilled metalsmiths.[14]

The parish of Karlskoga was established in 1586 and a wooden church was soon built. It was small in size, and was solely made up of the sacristy still preserved at this site,[15] which was a consequence of population increase in the years prior. The first priest elected was Olaus Gestricius[16] (herr Olaf på Möckelnsbodar)[17] by the late 1500s.[18]

Industrial era

[edit]

During the 17th century, fourteen small ironworks and eight water-driven hammers for producing bar iron were established. This encompassed the emergence of both Björkborn Works and Bofors Works. As the owner of both ironworks, Sigrid Ekehielm assumed the leadership of an industrial empire.[19]

Most of the original ironworks were still operating in the 1860s, but the dominating ironworks was the one in nearby Bofors. In 1871, Bofors produced 6,124 metric tons of iron, more than any other plant in Sweden. In 1882, Karlskoga parish (socken) had 11,184 inhabitants.

The town of Karlskoga has evolved around Bofors, which in the late 19th century was transformed from an iron works to a manufacturer of cannon and in the 20th century to a more diversified defense industry. Bofors was incorporated in 1873 and has since the 1880s been specializing in the lucrative manufacture of cannon.

Alfred Nobel

[edit]
The first aerial photograph by rocket was of Karlskoga using one of Alfred Nobel cameras c. 1897, rocket possibly by Captain Wilhelm T. Unge.[20]

The most famous owner of Bofors was Alfred Nobel, who owned the company from 1894 until his death in December 1896.

Nobel had a key role in reshaping the ironworks to a modern cannon manufacturer and chemical industry. During the summers of 1894–1896 he lived in the manor house Björkborn.[21][22]

Even though he died in his villa in Sanremo, Italy and had a home in Paris, it was decided that his legal residence was at Björkborn in Karlskoga, which had been his final residence in Sweden.[23][24] Because of that it was here his famous testament that was written in Paris in 1895 was legally registered, which eventually made it possible to establish the Nobel Prize.

Twentieth century

[edit]
The Bofors Headquarters completed in 1930

In 1940 the town of Karlskoga and the surrounding area (the same territory as today's Karlskoga Municipality) got the formal title of a city (stad). Since 1971 this term has no legal meaning and only the built-up area is considered a de facto town.

Karlskoga spent most of the 20th century as a growing company town to Bofors. Only with the demilitarization in the most recent decades has this started to be a problem for the town. There were 8,500 workers in Bofors in 1980, but the number had decreased to 2,600 as of 1998.

Recent history

[edit]

During the first decade of the 21st century, approximately 1,000 apartments in multi-family buildings were demolished due to reduced demand for firearms products. This resulted in the population dwindling to 29,600.[25] During the 2010s, however, the population trend reversed, and the numbers began to rise.

In 2023, the magazine Fokus ranked Karlskoga as the fifteenth best municipality to live in Sweden.[26]

Geography

[edit]

Location

[edit]
Karlskoga by Lake Möckeln

Karlskoga is situated more or less in a low mountainous ridge called Kilsbergen that separates Närke from Värmland. Such areas have traditionally been financially poor. This led to a significant Swedish emigration to North America from the district in the latter half of the 19th century. Stockholm, Wisconsin was for instance founded in 1854 by immigrants from Karlskoga.[27]

The city borders on the municipalities of Hällefors and Storfors to the north; Lekeberg to the east; Degerfors and the Lake Möckeln to the south; and Kristinehamn to the west.

Neighbourhoods

[edit]

The many residential communities of Karlskoga express a character distinct to the company town. Million programme residential buildings can be found in enclaves such as Baggängen, Ekeby, Sandviken and Skranta.

The Rosendal neighbourhood, historically significant for the architecture of its homes,[28] planned community by the Bofors Works, was designated as an area of national interest for cultural heritage.[29]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
19001,810—    
196031,433+1636.6%
196534,970+11.3%
197036,963+5.7%
197535,425−4.2%
198034,329−3.1%
199031,106−9.4%
199530,177−3.0%
200028,579−5.3%
200527,500−3.8%
201027,084−1.5%
201527,490+1.5%
Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.

Karlskoga's population grew steadily from the time when arms manufacturer Bofors had started to expand, until the 1970s. Thereafter, it underwent a sharp decline (down by almost 10,000 inhabitants over a 30-year period), with signs of recovery only in the very last few years as of 2021.[30][31] Nevertheless, with 27,386 inhabitants, Karlskoga is the second most populous place in Örebro County following Örebro (126,009).

The presence of foreign residents in Karlskoga accounts for 16.5% of inhabitants. This compares with 19.1% in the town Örebro.

Migration

[edit]
Population of Karlskoga by country of birth in 2022[32][b]
Country of Birth Population
 Sweden 25,246
Non-Sweden 5,032
 Finland 815
 Syria 756
 Somalia 338
 Vietnam 332
 Iraq 251
 Afghanistan 247
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 163
 Norway 152
 Turkey 136
 Iran 121
Others 1,721
Total 30,278

In the 1580s, a total of five Finns settled in Möckelsbodar (present-day Karlskoga).[34] In 1649, 32 of a total of 186 agricultural holdings were occupied by Finns.[35]

In 2017, the three most commonly reported ethnic origins (by-birth) overall were Finns (935 or 3.1 per cent), Syrians (650 or 2.1 per cent) and Somalis (409 or 1.3 per cent).[c]

Language and dialects

[edit]

In 2012, Karlskoga Municipality received its status as a Finnish-speaking administrative municipality.[37]

Religion

[edit]

Various religious denominations and congregations are based in Karlskoga, including the Church of Sweden, which has several churches in Karlskoga. The oldest church, the Karlskoga Church, is the parish church in the Karlskoga parish and can be traced back to the 1600s. Later churches built in the city include the Karlberg Church and the Rävåsen Church. There are also several free churches represented in Karlskoga. The Swedish Pentecostal Movement has its own church, while the Jehovah's Witnesses have their Kingdom Hall.

A baptist congregation, the Bofors Baptist congregation, was established in 1884,[38] and St. George's Catholic congregation was established in 1956.[39]

There are several cemeteries in Karlskoga. The city's oldest cemetery was likely established when Karlskoga Church was built. North of it lies Skogskyrkogården lit. 'The Woodland Cemetery', inaugurated in 1908. The Eastern Cemetery in the eastern parts of the city was established in the 1940s.

Economy

[edit]

Manufacturing sector

[edit]

The city is an important center for the arms manufacturing and pharmaceutical industries; it is home to various multinational corporations, including subsidiaries and divisions of Bharat Forge, BAE Systems, Saab AB (SAAB Bofors Dynamics), Nammo, Cambrex Corporation, Recipharm, Moelven Industrier,[40] and Eurenco.[41]

Culture

[edit]

Literature

[edit]
Maja Ekelöf and Alva Myrdal (right)

Karlskoga has a connection with notable literary figures, including Maja Ekelöf, whose best-selling Rapport från en skurhink was published in 1970.[42][43] Nobel laureate Selma Lagerlöf stayed in Karlskoga during her confirmation period with Tullius Hammagren. In her 1925 novel "Charlotte Löwensköld," she depicts estates and surroundings in Karlskoga.[44][45] Moreover, children's literature writers Anders Jacobsson and Sören Olsson are intertwined with Karlskoga, using the town as inspiration for fictional characters and locales, such as in the "Bert Diaries," which were set in the fictional town of Öreskoga.

Media

[edit]

Karlskoga Tidning-Kuriren stands as Karlskoga's primary and sole daily newspaper. It formed through the merger of Karlskoga Tidning and Karlskoga Kuriren, the city's two former daily newspapers, it came into existence in 2020.[46] There is also a commercial radio station based in Karlskoga, Cityradion.

Sport

[edit]
BIK Karlskoga ice hockey players

Karlskoga is home to several stadiums, of which Nobelhallen is the largest (it hosted the 1979 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships). Karlskoga is home to the ice hockey team BIK Karlskoga, established in 1978,[47] currently playing as per the 2021–2022 season in HockeyAllsvenskan, the second tier of Swedish ice hockey.

Karlskoga also upholds a heritage in diving and canoeing, housing clubs like Bofors SHK and Bofors KK. Notable Olympic champions include Ulrika Knape in diving, as well as Agneta Andersson[48] and Maria Haglund in canoeing.

There is also a football team called KB Karlskoga FF, and a women's soccer team, Rävåsen IK.[49]

Notable people

[edit]

Arts

[edit]

Sports

[edit]

Others

[edit]

International relations

[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Sweden

Twin towns – Sister cities

[edit]

Karlskoga is twinned with:[50]

Suspended twin towns

Partnership and friendship

[edit]

Karlskoga also cooperates with:[50]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Also referred to as Forest Finns, as per the ethnic group settling the forest areas of Sweden proper during late 16th and early-to-mid-17th centuries.
  2. ^ Data applies to Karlskoga Municipality.[33]
  3. ^ Data applies to Karlskoga Municipality.[36]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km2 2005 och 2010" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 14 December 2011. Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  2. ^ Jöran Sahlgren; Gösta Bergman (1979). Svenska ortnamn med uttalsuppgifter (in Swedish). p. 13.
  3. ^ "Karlskoga". www.informationsverige.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  4. ^ a b c Valeur, Bent. "Karlskoga". lex.dk (in Danish). Den Store Danske. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  5. ^ "Karlskoga". Nationalencyklopedin (in Swedish). Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  6. ^ "Rävåsen – Naturreservat". Karlskoga – Visit Värmland (in Swedish). Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  7. ^ Fransson, Stig A (2001). "BOFORS – förändringsvindar i gammal tid och nutid" (PDF) (in Swedish). Retrieved 29 November 2022. Bofors är nu som störst och har nästan 10 000 anställda i Karlskoga.
  8. ^ Carlsson-Lénart, Mats (30 December 2015). "Alfred Nobels testamente - Nobels hästar det sista triumfkortet". Sveriges Radio (in Swedish). Retrieved 4 September 2021.
  9. ^ Lindberg 1895, p. 4.
  10. ^ Thomée, Gustaf (1866). "251 (Sverige. Illustrerad handbok för resande och derjemte ett minne för dem som besökt landet)". runeberg.org (in Swedish). Retrieved 9 October 2021 – via Project Runeberg.
  11. ^ a b "49 (Svenska Familj-Journalen / Band III, årgång 1864)". runeberg.org (in Swedish). Retrieved 9 October 2021 – via Project Runeberg.
  12. ^ a b Hammarin, Johan. "306 (Carlstads Stifts Herdaminne / Första delen)". runeberg.org (in Swedish). Retrieved 9 October 2021 – via Project Runeberg.
  13. ^ Nordmann, Petrus (1888). "XXXIII (Finnarne i mellersta Sverige)". runeberg.org (in Swedish). Retrieved 9 October 2021 – via Project Runeberg.
  14. ^ a b Lindberg 1895, p. 6.
  15. ^ Lindberg 1895, p. 8.
  16. ^ Dahl 1779, p. 3.
  17. ^ Lindberg 1895, p. 10.
  18. ^ Dahl 1779, p. 18.
  19. ^ Bande, Alf (1996). Bofors och boforsare (in Swedish). Probus. ISBN 978-91-87184-36-9.
  20. ^ Ingemar Skoog, A. (1 February 2010). "The Alfred Nobel rocket camera. An early aerial photography attempt". Acta Astronautica. 66 (3–4): 624–635. Bibcode:2010AcAau..66..624I. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.06.011. ISSN 0094-5765.
  21. ^ "Alfred Nobel | Björkborns Herrgård | Visit Karlskoga Degerfors". www.visitkarlskogadegerfors.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  22. ^ Asarnoj, Nina (5 October 2017). "Herrgården som möjliggjorde Nobelpriset". Sveriges Radio (in Swedish). Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  23. ^ Kämpargård, Niklas. Svemester: så reser du smart och hållbart i Sverige (in Swedish). MiMa Förlag. ISBN 978-91-88845-53-5.
  24. ^ "Alfred Nobels Björkborn". Karlskoga – Visit Värmland (in Swedish). Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  25. ^ "Det rivs samtidigt som det byggs nytt". Sveriges Radio (in Swedish). 22 March 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  26. ^ "Karlskoga – den enda felfria kommunen?". Fokus (in Swedish). 30 June 2023. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  27. ^ Jones, Ben (9 March 2022). "The Small Town In Wisconsin Boasting World-Famous Pie Is The Sweetest Day Trip Destination". Only In Your State. Retrieved 19 June 2022. The village has a rich heritage. It was founded in 1854 by immigrants from Karlskoga, Sweden, who named it after their country's capital.
  28. ^ Björndahl, Anna (30 August 2017). "Följ med till "Bullerbyn" Rosendal i Karlskoga". Sveriges Radio (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  29. ^ Torgén & Hagberg 2015, p. 11.
  30. ^ "Kommuner i siffror". kommunsiffror.scb.se. Statistics Sweden. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  31. ^ "Karlskoga". Great Norwegian Encyclopedia (in Norwegian Bokmål). 29 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2022. Etter årtusenskiftet har folketallet holdt seg stabilt.
  32. ^ "Folkmängden efter region, födelseland och kön". Statistics Sweden (in Swedish).
  33. ^ "Utrikes födda efter län, kommun och födelseland 31 december 2017" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden.
  34. ^ Broberg 1980, p. 21.
  35. ^ "Finnsams vinterkonferens i Karlskoga anno 2014" (PDF) (in Swedish). Örebro. 2014. pp. 11−12. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  36. ^ "Utrikes födda efter län, kommun och födelseland 31 december 2017" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden.
  37. ^ "Karlskoga kommun – 10 år som finsk förvaltningskommun". karlskoga.se (in Swedish). Karlskoga Municipality. 9 June 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  38. ^ Lindberg 1895, p. 21.
  39. ^ "Sankt Görans katolska församling". www.sanktgoran.nu (in Swedish). Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  40. ^ "Karlskogas expansiva näringsliv". karlskoga.se (in Swedish). Karlskoga Municipality. Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  41. ^ "Eurenco to Build New Hexogen Explosive Manufacturing Unit". 19 April 2017.
  42. ^ "Maja Ekelöf hade "torkat nog många golv"". P1 Kultur. Sveriges Radio. 28 November 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  43. ^ Furuland, Lars; Svedjedal, Johan (2006). Svensk arbetarlitteratur (in Swedish). Atlas. ISBN 978-91-89044-15-9.
  44. ^ "PROSTFOLKET I KARLSKOGA 1869 — 1899". litteraturbanken.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  45. ^ "Villa Ekeliden". Karlskoga – Visit Värmland (in Swedish). Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  46. ^ "Nu blir vi Karlskoga Tidning-Kuriren". KT-Kuriren (in Swedish). 11 June 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  47. ^ Velander, Leonard Jägerskiöld. Hockeyns heraldik (in Swedish). Modernista. ISBN 978-91-8023-168-8.
  48. ^ Buchanan, Ian; Mallon, Bill (2005). Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6524-2.
  49. ^ "RIK Karlskoga". www.rikkarlskoga.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  50. ^ a b "Vänorter och samarbetsländer". karlskoga.se (in Swedish). Karlskoga Municipality. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  51. ^ "Karlskoga klipper banden med rysk vänort". P4 Örebro (in Swedish). Sveriges Radio. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2023.

Works cited

[edit]
[edit]
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