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{{Short description|Algerian Kouloughli and dey}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Ali Khodja
| name = Ali Khodja
Line 7: Line 8:
| predecessor = [[Omar Agha]]
| predecessor = [[Omar Agha]]
| successor = [[Hussein Dey]]
| successor = [[Hussein Dey]]
| birth_name = Ali ben Ahmed
| birth_name = Ali Ben Ahmed
| birth_date = c. 1764
| birth_date = c. {{birth year|1764}}
| birth_place = [[Algiers]], [[Deylik of Algiers]]
| birth_place =
| death_date = 1 March 1818
| death_date = {{death date and age|1818|3|1|1764}}
| death_place = [[Algiers]]
| death_place = [[Algiers]], Algeria
| full name = Ali V ben Ahmed Khodja
| full name = Ali V Ben Ahmed Khodja
| regnal name = Ali V
| regnal name = Ali V
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
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}}
}}


'''Ali V Ben Ahmed''', nicknamed '''Ali Khodja''', '''Ali-Meguer''', or '''Ali Loco''' (the mad) ([[Arabic]]: علي ابن أحمد خوجة) was a [[Kouloughlis|Kouloughli]] of partial [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] ([[Mingrelians|Mengrelian]]) and Native Algerian origins born in modern day Algeria.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Le Beylik de Constantine et Ḣadj 'Ahmed Bey (1830-1837)|last=Temimi|first=Abdeljelil|publisher=Publications de la Revue d’histoire maghrébine, Vol. 1|year=1978|location=Tunis|pages=32}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Allioui|first=Youcef|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k0FpLfAhVoYC|title=Les Archs, tribus berbères de Kabylie: histoire, résistance, culture et démocratie|date=2006|publisher=L'Harmattan|isbn=978-2-296-01363-6|language=fr}}</ref>{{citation needed}} He was the [[dey of Algiers|dey]] of the [[Deylik of Algiers]] from September 1817, just after the assassination of his predecessor [[Omar Agha]] the 8th. He remained so until his death in February 1818. His sobriquet ''Ali-Meguer'' may indicate his [[Mingrelians|Mingrelian]] background.
'''Ali V Ben Ahmed''', nicknamed '''Ali Khodja''', '''Ali-Meguer''', or '''Ali Loco''' (the mad) ([[Arabic]]: علي ابن أحمد خوجة) was a [[Kouloughlis|Kouloughli]] of partial [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] ([[Mingrelians|Mengrelian]]) and Native Algerian origins born in Algeria.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Le Beylik de Constantine et Ḣadj 'Ahmed Bey (1830-1837)|last=Temimi|first=Abdeljelil|publisher=Publications de la Revue d’histoire maghrébine, Vol. 1|year=1978|location=Tunis|pages=32}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Allioui|first=Youcef|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k0FpLfAhVoYC|title=Les Archs, tribus berbères de Kabylie: histoire, résistance, culture et démocratie|date=2006|publisher=L'Harmattan|isbn=978-2-296-01363-6|language=fr}}</ref> He was the [[dey of Algiers|dey]] of the [[Deylik of Algiers]] from September 1817, just after the assassination of his predecessor [[Omar Agha]] the 8th. He remained so until his death in February 1818. His sobriquet ''Ali-Meguer'' may indicate his [[Mingrelians|Mingrelian]] background.


== Origins ==
== Origins ==
⚫
He was a [[Kouloughlis|Kouloughli]]. His mother was an Algerian [[Kabyle people|Kabyle]], most likely from the [[Zwawa]] tribal confederation.<ref name=":1" /> He was [[Mingrelians|Mingrelian]] from his father's side.<ref name=":0" />
He was a [[Kouloughlis|Kouloughli]].

⚫
His mother was an Algerian [[Kabyle people|Kabyle]], most likely from the [[Zwawa]] tribal confederation.<ref name=":1" /> He was [[Mingrelians|Mingrelian]] from his father's side,<ref name=":0" /> although it is unknown if his father was fully, or only partially mingrelian.


== Early life ==
== Early life ==
He was complicit in the assassination of [[Ahmed bin Ali Khodja]] in 1808, and the assassination of Omar agha (1817).<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Murray (Firm)|first1=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lW4ZAAAAYAAJ&q=ali+omar+agha+1817+assassination+1808&pg=PA50|title=Handbook for Travellers in Algeria and Tunis, Algiers, Oran, Constantine, Carthage, Etc|last2=Playfair|first2=Sir Robert Lambert|date=1887|publisher=J. Murray|language=en}}</ref> He served in various important positions before being elected [[Dey]] in 1817.
He was complicit in the assassination of [[Ahmed bin Ali Khodja]] in 1808, and the assassination of [[Omar Agha]] (1817).<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Murray (Firm)|first1=John|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lW4ZAAAAYAAJ&q=ali+omar+agha+1817+assassination+1808&pg=PA50|title=Handbook for Travellers in Algeria and Tunis, Algiers, Oran, Constantine, Carthage, Etc|last2=Playfair|first2=Sir Robert Lambert|date=1887|publisher=J. Murray|language=en}}</ref> He served in various important positions before being elected [[Dey]] in 1817.


== Rule ==
== Rule ==
A few days after his arrival, and to better ensure his safety, he left the [[Palace of the Djenina]] located in the lower part of the city of [[Casbah]] and offering small defences, to move to the [[fortress of the Casbah]] where he put the treasury safe.
A few days after his arrival, and to better ensure his safety, he left the [[Djenina Palace]] located in the lower part of the city of [[Algiers]] and offering small defenses to move to the [[Casbah of Algiers|casbah]], where he put the treasury safe.


Using his connections to the Kabyles, he signed an alliance with the Zwawas, and the Kouloughlis.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Hugh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chGMDwAAQBAJ&q=Ali+khodja+zwawas&pg=PA41|title=Berber Government: The Kabyle Polity in Pre-colonial Algeria|date=2014-08-19|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-0-85772-420-5|language=en}}</ref>
Using his connections to the [[Kabyle people|Kabyles]], he signed an alliance with the Zwawas, and the Kouloughlis.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=Hugh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=chGMDwAAQBAJ&q=Ali+khodja+zwawas&pg=PA41|title=Berber Government: The Kabyle Polity in Pre-colonial Algeria|date=2014-08-19|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-0-85772-420-5|language=en}}</ref>


After they attempted to rebel against his rule he at one point had more than 1,500 Turkish janissaries executed.<ref>Georges Fleury, Comment l'Algérie devint française (1830-1848), Perrin, 2008, pp. 25-26, {{ISBN|978-2-262-02914-2}}</ref>
After they attempted to rebel against his rule he at one point had more than 1,500 Turkish [[Janissary|janissaries]] executed.<ref>Georges Fleury, Comment l'Algérie devint française (1830-1848), Perrin, 2008, pp. 25-26, {{ISBN|978-2-262-02914-2}}</ref>


== Death ==
== Death ==
He died of the [[Plague (disease)|plague]] on February 28, 1818.<ref>Camille Rousset, La Conquête d'Alger, Paris, E. Plon et Cie, 1879, pp. 7-10 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2099524 online] version</ref>
He died of the [[Plague (disease)|plague]] on February 28, 1818.<ref>Camille Rousset, La Conquête d'Alger, Paris, E. Plon et Cie, 1879, pp. 7-10 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2099524 online] version</ref>


After his death in 1818, he was buried in the [[Thaalibia Cemetery]] of the [[Casbah of Algiers]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=دويدة |first=نفيسة |date=2015-06-30 |title=المعتقدات والطقوس الخاصة بالأضرحة في الجزائر خلال الفترة العثمانية |url=https://journals.openedition.org/insaniyat/15081 |journal=Insaniyat / إنسانيات. Revue algérienne d'anthropologie et de sciences sociales |language=ar |issue=68 |pages=11–34 |doi=10.4000/insaniyat.15081 |issn=1111-2050}}</ref>
After his death in 1818, he was buried in the [[Thaalibia Cemetery]] of the [[Casbah of Algiers]].


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 00:29, 30 April 2024

Ali Khodja
Dey
Ali Khodja, surrounded by the severed heads of vanquished enemies after the bombardment of 1816
Reign1817-1818
PredecessorOmar Agha
SuccessorHussein Dey
BornAli Ben Ahmed
c. 1764 (1764)
DiedMarch 1, 1818(1818-03-01) (aged 53–54)
Algiers, Algeria
Names
Ali V Ben Ahmed Khodja
Regnal name
Ali V
Arabicعلي ابن أحمد خوجة
ReligionSunni Islam

Ali V Ben Ahmed, nicknamed Ali Khodja, Ali-Meguer, or Ali Loco (the mad) (Arabic: علي ابن أحمد خوجة) was a Kouloughli of partial Georgian (Mengrelian) and Native Algerian origins born in Algeria.[1][2] He was the dey of the Deylik of Algiers from September 1817, just after the assassination of his predecessor Omar Agha the 8th. He remained so until his death in February 1818. His sobriquet Ali-Meguer may indicate his Mingrelian background.

Origins

[edit]

He was a Kouloughli. His mother was an Algerian Kabyle, most likely from the Zwawa tribal confederation.[2] He was Mingrelian from his father's side.[1]

Early life

[edit]

He was complicit in the assassination of Ahmed bin Ali Khodja in 1808, and the assassination of Omar Agha (1817).[3] He served in various important positions before being elected Dey in 1817.

Rule

[edit]

A few days after his arrival, and to better ensure his safety, he left the Djenina Palace located in the lower part of the city of Algiers and offering small defenses to move to the casbah, where he put the treasury safe.

Using his connections to the Kabyles, he signed an alliance with the Zwawas, and the Kouloughlis.[4]

After they attempted to rebel against his rule he at one point had more than 1,500 Turkish janissaries executed.[5]

Death

[edit]

He died of the plague on February 28, 1818.[6]

After his death in 1818, he was buried in the Thaalibia Cemetery of the Casbah of Algiers.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Temimi, Abdeljelil (1978). Le Beylik de Constantine et Ḣadj 'Ahmed Bey (1830-1837). Tunis: Publications de la Revue d’histoire maghrébine, Vol. 1. p. 32.
  2. ^ a b Allioui, Youcef (2006). Les Archs, tribus berbères de Kabylie: histoire, résistance, culture et démocratie (in French). L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-296-01363-6.
  3. ^ Murray (Firm), John; Playfair, Sir Robert Lambert (1887). Handbook for Travellers in Algeria and Tunis, Algiers, Oran, Constantine, Carthage, Etc. J. Murray.
  4. ^ Roberts, Hugh (2014-08-19). Berber Government: The Kabyle Polity in Pre-colonial Algeria. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-420-5.
  5. ^ Georges Fleury, Comment l'Algérie devint française (1830-1848), Perrin, 2008, pp. 25-26, ISBN 978-2-262-02914-2
  6. ^ Camille Rousset, La Conquête d'Alger, Paris, E. Plon et Cie, 1879, pp. 7-10 online version
  7. ^ دويدة, نفيسة (2015-06-30). "المعتقدات والطقوس الخاصة بالأضرحة في الجزائر خلال الفترة العثمانية". Insaniyat / إنسانيات. Revue algérienne d'anthropologie et de sciences sociales (in Arabic) (68): 11–34. doi:10.4000/insaniyat.15081. ISSN 1111-2050.
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