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{{Short description|Welsh archaeological charity (1975–2024)}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
|name = Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
| name = Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
|image = File:ClwydPowys Archaeological Trust Area Map.svg
| image = File:ClwydPowys Archaeological Trust Area Map.svg
|size =
| size =
|caption = Map of Wales showing the area covered by the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
| caption = Map of Wales showing the area covered by the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
|abbreviation = CPAT
| abbreviation = CPAT
|formation = 1975
| formation = 1975
|status = Independent non-profit research and education body
| successor = [[Heneb]]
|purpose = To educate the public in archaeology
| dissolved = {{end date and age|2024|04|01}}
| status = Independent non-profit research and education body
⚫
|region_served = United Kingdom
| purpose = To educate the public in archaeology
|leader_title = Director (Chief Executive)
⚫
| region_served = United Kingdom
|leader_name = Dr Paul Belford FSA MCIfA
|website = [https://www.cpat.org.uk/ https://www.cpat.org.uk/]
| leader_title = Director / Chief Executive
| website = [https://www.cpat.org.uk/ https://www.cpat.org.uk/]
}}
}}


The '''Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust''' '''(CPAT)''' ({{lang-cy|Ymddiriedolaeth Archeolegol Clwyd-Powys}} '''(YACP''')) is an educational charity which was established in 1975. Its objective is ‘to advance the education of the public in archaeology’. CPAT is one of four [[Welsh Archaeological Trusts]] (WATs) which work to help protect, record and interpret all aspects of the historic environment. This includes providing advice to local authorities on archaeology and planning, undertaking archaeological projects for private- and public-sector clients, and delivering a programme of community archaeology events and activities.
The '''Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust''' (CPAT; {{langx|cy|Ymddiriedolaeth Archeolegol Clwyd-Powys}}; YACP) was an educational charity, the objective of which was ‘to advance the education of the public in archaeology’. CPAT was established in 1975 and dissolved in 2024, when it merged with the three other [[Welsh Archaeological Trusts]] (WATs) to create [[Heneb]]: the Trust for Welsh Archaeology.


==History==
==History==
CPAT was established in 1975 along with three other [[Welsh Archaeological Trusts]]. It emerged from the ‘Rescue Archaeology Group’ (RAG) which was set up in 1970 by Chris Musson, who became the first Chief Executive of CPAT.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Catling|first=Chris|date=2016-04-07|title=Wales in the Vanguard: Pioneering protection of the past|url=https://www.archaeology.co.uk/articles/features/wales-in-the-vanguard-pioneering-protection-of-the-past.htm|journal=Current Archaeology|language=en}}</ref> The Trust undertook pioneering work on prehistoric sites in mid-Wales, beginning with the excavation of the [[Breidden Hill|Breidden]] [[hillfort]] (Powys) which was being destroyed by quarrying.<ref>{{citation|last1=Musson |first1=C. R. |last2=Britnell |first2=W. J. |last3=Smith |first3=A. G. |title=The Breiddin Hillfort: A later prehistoric settlement in the Welsh Marches |series=Council for British Archaeology Research Report No 76 |year=1991 |isbn=1-872414-12-5 |url=http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/library/cba/rr76.cfm?CFID=573996&CFTOKEN=39545028}}</ref> This was followed by the excavation of a late [[Iron Age]] hillslope enclosure at Collfryn (Powys), which found evidence for intensive occupation and remodelling of the site, including round-houses and ‘four-poster’ structures that were probably granaries.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Britnell|first=William|date=1989-12-30|title=The Collfryn Hillslope Enclosure, Llansantffraid Deuddwr, Powys: Excavations 1980–1982|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-prehistoric-society/article/collfryn-hillslope-enclosure-llansantffraid-deuddwr-powys-excavations-19801982/0E341CEE38D8A60C0D447EC50B704D33|journal=Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society|volume=55|language=en|issue=55|pages=89–134|doi=10.1017/S0079497X00005351|s2cid=129179064 }}</ref> CPAT has also undertaken extensive excavations of medieval sites such as [[Offa's Dyke]] and [[Hen Domen]], near Montgomery.<ref>{{Coflein|num=306405|desc=Hen Domen, Montgomery|access-date=2021-09-30}}</ref>
CPAT was established in 1975 along with three other [[Welsh Archaeological Trusts]]. It emerged from the ‘Rescue Archaeology Group’ (RAG) which was set up in 1970 by Chris Musson, who became the first Chief Executive of CPAT.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Catling|first=Chris|date=2016-04-07|title=Wales in the Vanguard: Pioneering protection of the past|url=https://www.archaeology.co.uk/articles/features/wales-in-the-vanguard-pioneering-protection-of-the-past.htm|journal=Current Archaeology|language=en}}</ref> The Trust undertook pioneering work on prehistoric sites in mid-Wales, beginning with the excavation of the [[Breidden Hill|Breidden]] [[hillfort]] (Powys) which was being destroyed by quarrying.<ref>{{citation |last1=Musson |first1=C. R. |last2=Britnell |first2=W. J. |last3=Smith |first3=A. G. |title=The Breiddin Hillfort: A later prehistoric settlement in the Welsh Marches |series=Council for British Archaeology Research Report No 76 |year=1991 |isbn=1-872414-12-5 |url=http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/library/cba/rr76.cfm?CFID=573996&CFTOKEN=39545028 |access-date=2020-09-18 |archive-date=2011-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402233039/http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/library/cba/rr76.cfm |url-status=dead }}</ref> This was followed by the excavation of a late [[Iron Age]] hillslope enclosure at Collfryn (Powys), which found evidence for intensive occupation and remodelling of the site, including round-houses and ‘four-poster’ structures that were probably granaries.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Britnell|first=William|date=1989-12-30|title=The Collfryn Hillslope Enclosure, Llansantffraid Deuddwr, Powys: Excavations 1980–1982|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-prehistoric-society/article/collfryn-hillslope-enclosure-llansantffraid-deuddwr-powys-excavations-19801982/0E341CEE38D8A60C0D447EC50B704D33|journal=Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society|volume=55|language=en|issue=55|pages=89–134|doi=10.1017/S0079497X00005351|s2cid=129179064 }}</ref> CPAT has also undertaken extensive excavations of medieval sites such as [[Offa's Dyke]] and [[Hen Domen]], near Montgomery.<ref>{{Coflein|num=306405|desc=Hen Domen, Montgomery|access-date=2021-09-30}}</ref>


CPAT and the other [[Welsh Archaeological Trusts]] were pioneers in developing [[Sites and monuments record|Historic Environment Records]] (HERs). In the 1970s Wales was the first part of the UK to develop a fully national system of what were then called ‘Sites and Monuments Records’; this fully computerised system was pioneered by Don Benson who was then Chief Executive of the [[Dyfed Archaeological Trust]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Catling|first=Chris|date=2016-04-07|title=Wales in the Vanguard: Pioneering protection of the past|url=https://www.archaeology.co.uk/articles/features/wales-in-the-vanguard-pioneering-protection-of-the-past.htm|journal=Current Archaeology|language=en}}</ref> During the 1980s there had been good support from government for archaeology, including from [[Cadw]] which had been established in 1984. However, with the decline of the [[Manpower Services Commission]] funding models began to shift to a more ‘development driven’ model during this period.<ref>{{citation|last=Aitchison |first=Kenneth |title=Breaking New Ground: How Archaeology Works |publisher=Landward Research|url=https://landward.eu/blog/new-publication-breaking-new-ground-how-archaeology-works/}}</ref> With the rise of planning-related archaeology in the 1990s CPAT evolved to develop commercial ‘contract’ archaeology services, whilst at the same time maintaining the HER, planning services and other public-facing project work.<ref>{{citation|title=Archaeology in Trust: 40 years of the Welsh Archaeological Trusts|url=http://www.dyfedarchaeology.org.uk/40years.pdf }}</ref>
CPAT and the other [[Welsh Archaeological Trusts]] were pioneers in developing [[Sites and monuments record|Historic Environment Records]] (HERs). In the 1970s Wales was the first part of the UK to develop a fully national system of what were then called ‘Sites and Monuments Records’; this fully computerised system was pioneered by Don Benson who was then Chief Executive of the [[Dyfed Archaeological Trust]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Catling|first=Chris|date=2016-04-07|title=Wales in the Vanguard: Pioneering protection of the past|url=https://www.archaeology.co.uk/articles/features/wales-in-the-vanguard-pioneering-protection-of-the-past.htm|journal=Current Archaeology|language=en}}</ref> During the 1980s there had been good support from government for archaeology, including from [[Cadw]] which had been established in 1984. However, with the decline of the [[Manpower Services Commission]] funding models began to shift to a more ‘development driven’ model during this period.<ref>{{citation|last=Aitchison |first=Kenneth |title=Breaking New Ground: How Archaeology Works |publisher=Landward Research|url=https://landward.eu/blog/new-publication-breaking-new-ground-how-archaeology-works/}}</ref> With the rise of planning-related archaeology in the 1990s CPAT evolved to develop commercial ‘contract’ archaeology services, whilst at the same time maintaining the HER, planning services and other public-facing project work.<ref>{{citation|title=Archaeology in Trust: 40 years of the Welsh Archaeological Trusts|url=http://www.dyfedarchaeology.org.uk/40years.pdf }}</ref>


In recent years the main focus of CPAT's fieldwork has moved away from large-scale thematic studies of Welsh monuments and landscapes, to more site-specific work undertaken as part of development-led projects. This has led to a wider portfolio of projects across Wales, and in adjacent areas of England. CPAT has also diversified funding and partnerships for public archaeology projects, including long-running and successful partnerships with the [[National Trust]] and the [[Clwydian Range and Dee Valley]] AONB.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Trust 'Digging for History'|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/chirk-castle/news/september-2018---digging-for-history}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=National Trust 'Community Archaeological Dig at Erddig'|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/erddig/projects/community-archaeological-dig-at-erddig}}</ref>
In the 2010s the main focus of CPAT's fieldwork moved away from large-scale thematic studies of Welsh monuments and landscapes, to more site-specific work undertaken as part of development-led projects. This has led to a wider portfolio of projects across Wales, and in adjacent areas of England. CPAT has also diversified funding and partnerships for public archaeology projects, including long-running and successful partnerships with the [[National Trust]] and the [[Clwydian Range and Dee Valley]] AONB.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Trust 'Digging for History'|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/chirk-castle/news/september-2018---digging-for-history}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=National Trust 'Community Archaeological Dig at Erddig'|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/erddig/projects/community-archaeological-dig-at-erddig}}</ref>

On 1 April 2024 the four Welsh Archaeological Trusts merged to create 'Heneb: the Trust for Welsh Archaeology'. The legal entity 'Heneb' was created by renaming of the Dyfed Archaeological Trust (DAT); it then subsumed the other three Trusts. As a result control of the merged organisation passed to the former Director of DAT, and then subsequently to a new CEO who had been appointed in February 2024. Therefore the role of Director of CPAT was made redundant.


==Operation and organisation==
==Operation and organisation==
⚫
Along with the other [[Welsh Archaeological Trusts]] CPAT forms part of a ‘tripod’ of institutions which help understand, conserve and interpret [[Archaeology of Wales|archaeology and cultural heritage in Wales]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Belford|first=Paul|date=2018-03-28|title=Politics and Heritage: Developments in Historic Environment Policy and Practice in Wales|url=https://www.academia.edu/39112419|journal=The Historic Environment: Policy and Practice|volume=9|language=en|issue=2|pages=102–127|doi=10.1080/17567505.2018.1456721|s2cid=158120341 }}</ref> The Trust system in Wales is characterised by depth of regional knowledge and expertise, which partly comes from having many different roles in one organisation.


⚫
The four [[Welsh Archaeological Trusts]] formed part of a ‘tripod’ of institutions which help understand, conserve and interpret [[Archaeology of Wales|archaeology and cultural heritage in Wales]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Belford|first=Paul|date=2018-03-28|title=Politics and Heritage: Developments in Historic Environment Policy and Practice in Wales|url=https://www.academia.edu/39112419|journal=The Historic Environment: Policy and Practice|volume=9|language=en|issue=2|pages=102–127|doi=10.1080/17567505.2018.1456721|s2cid=158120341 }}</ref> The Trust system in Wales was characterised by depth of regional knowledge and expertise, which partly comes from having many different roles in one organisation.
⚫
The Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust is organised into three principal departments.


⚫
The Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust was organised into three principal departments.
⚫
* The Historic Environment Advisory Service does work that in other parts of the UK are delivered by local authorities or by state heritage bodies. The three key areas of operation are: maintaining the regional Historic Environment Record (HER); providing planning advice for local authorities, developers and other bodies; and undertaking heritage management work for Welsh Government, local authorities, landowners, and others.
⚫
* The Education and Outreach team run a series of events and activities for the general public, providing education about the archaeological history of the region, and also giving an insight into the work of archaeologists. Some of this work is targeted at areas of social and economic exclusion, including recent work in north-east Wales.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Belford|first1=Paul|last2=Foreman|first2=Penelope|date=2020-07-27|title=People, places and performance: Reflections on community archaeology and heritage in north-east Wales|journal=Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage |volume=8|language=en|issue=7|pages=58–76|doi=10.1080/20518196.2020.1794115|issn=2051-8196|doi-access=free}}</ref>
⚫
* The Field Services team are responsible for the delivery of archaeological projects funded by private- and public-sector bodies. These include historic environment characterisation, site assessment surveys, field evaluation and excavation, and threat-related excavation and survey.


⚫
* The Historic Environment Advisory Service undertook work that in other parts of the UK are delivered by local authorities or by state heritage bodies. The three key areas of operation were: maintaining the regional Historic Environment Record (HER); providing planning advice for local authorities, developers and other bodies; and undertaking heritage management work for Welsh Government, local authorities, landowners, and others.
⚫
CPAT is a Registered Organisation with the [[Chartered Institute for Archaeologists]].
⚫
* The Education and Outreach team ran a series of events and activities for the general public, providing education about the archaeological history of the region, and also giving an insight into the work of archaeologists. Some of this work was targeted at areas of social and economic exclusion, including recent work in north-east Wales.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Belford|first1=Paul|last2=Foreman|first2=Penelope|date=2020-07-27|title=People, places and performance: Reflections on community archaeology and heritage in north-east Wales|journal=Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage |volume=8|language=en|issue=7|pages=58–76|doi=10.1080/20518196.2020.1794115|issn=2051-8196|doi-access=free}}</ref>
⚫
* The Field Services team were responsible for the delivery of archaeological projects funded by private- and public-sector bodies. These included historic environment characterisation, site assessment surveys, field evaluation and excavation, and threat-related excavation and survey.


⚫
CPAT was a Registered Organisation with the [[Chartered Institute for Archaeologists]].
CPAT is both a limited [[company]] (1212455) and a registered [[charitable trust|charity]] (508301). It therefore provides publicly-accessible accounts to [[Companies House]] and to the [[Charity Commission for England and Wales|Charity Commission]] in the UK.

The governing body is the Board of Trustees, who are voluntary non-executive directors. The Trustees delegate their authority for the day-to-day running of the Trust to the Director (Chief Executive).<ref>[https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search?p_p_id=uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet&p_p_lifecycle=2&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&p_p_resource_id=%2Faccounts-resource&p_p_cacheability=cacheLevelPage&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_fileName=0000508301_AC_20190331_E_C.pdf&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_objectiveId=A9981032&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_priv_r_p_mvcRenderCommandName=%2Faccounts-and-annual-returns&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_priv_r_p_LIFERAY_SHARED_backToSearch=https%3A%2F%2Fregister-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk%2Fcharity-search%3Fp_p_id%3Duk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet%26amp%3Bp_p_lifecycle%3D1%26amp%3Bp_p_state%3Dnormal%26amp%3Bp_p_mode%3Dview%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_cur%3D1%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_delta%3D20%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_keywords%3Dclwyd-powys%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_orderByCol%3D%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_orderByType%3Dasc%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_priv_r_p_prevCol%3D%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_priv_r_p_useSession%3Dtrue%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_priv_r_p_mvcRenderCommandName%3D%252Fsearch-results&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_priv_r_p_organisationNumber=508301 CPAT Trustees Annual Report 2018-19]</ref> The current Director was appointed in 2013.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.countytimes.co.uk/news/15833498.archaeological-trust-appoints-new-director/ |title=Powys County Times |date=2013-07-26 }}</ref>
CPAT was both a limited [[company]] (1212455) and a registered [[charitable trust|charity]] (508301). It therefore provided publicly-accessible accounts to [[Companies House]] and to the [[Charity Commission for England and Wales|Charity Commission]] in the UK. The governing body was the Board of Trustees, who were voluntary non-executive directors. The Trustees delegated their authority for the day-to-day running of the Trust to the Director (Chief Executive).<ref>[https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search?p_p_id=uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet&p_p_lifecycle=2&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&p_p_resource_id=%2Faccounts-resource&p_p_cacheability=cacheLevelPage&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_fileName=0000508301_AC_20190331_E_C.pdf&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_objectiveId=A9981032&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_priv_r_p_mvcRenderCommandName=%2Faccounts-and-annual-returns&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_priv_r_p_LIFERAY_SHARED_backToSearch=https%3A%2F%2Fregister-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk%2Fcharity-search%3Fp_p_id%3Duk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet%26amp%3Bp_p_lifecycle%3D1%26amp%3Bp_p_state%3Dnormal%26amp%3Bp_p_mode%3Dview%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_cur%3D1%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_delta%3D20%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_keywords%3Dclwyd-powys%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_orderByCol%3D%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_orderByType%3Dasc%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_priv_r_p_prevCol%3D%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_priv_r_p_useSession%3Dtrue%26amp%3B_uk_gov_ccew_portlet_CharitySearchPortlet_priv_r_p_mvcRenderCommandName%3D%252Fsearch-results&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_priv_r_p_organisationNumber=508301 CPAT Trustees Annual Report 2018-19]</ref> The third and final Director of CPAT was appointed in 2013.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.countytimes.co.uk/news/15833498.archaeological-trust-appoints-new-director/ |title=Powys County Times |date=2013-07-26 }}</ref>

On 1 April 2024, the Trustees of CPAT resigned and were replaced by the Trustees of Heneb, with CPAT becoming a regional office of the organisation.


===Notable people===
===Notable people===
* [[Philip A. Barker|Philip Barker]], Chair of the Trust 1984-1991
* [[Philip A. Barker|Philip Barker]], Chair of the Trust 1984-1991
* Paul Belford, Director of the Trust since 2013
* Paul Belford, Director of the Trust 2013-2024
* Bill Britnell, Director of the Trust 1986-2013
* Bill Britnell, Director of the Trust 1986-2013
* Frances Lynch, Chair of the Trust 1991-2017
* Frances Lynch, Chair of the Trust 1991-2017
Line 46: Line 52:


==Beacon Ring==
==Beacon Ring==
Since 2008 the Trust has owned Beacon Ring, a [[hillfort]] on the [[Long Mountain (Powys)|Long Mountain]] near Welshpool. The site was purchased to help safeguard the earthworks for the future.<ref>{{citation|url=https://cpat.org.uk/beacon-ring/|title=Beacon Ring on the CPAT website}}</ref> In recent years CPAT has undertaken some archaeological excavations on the site. Fieldwork in 2018 and 2019 investigated the ramparts and entrances.
Since 2008 the Trust owned Beacon Ring, a [[hillfort]] on the [[Long Mountain (Powys)|Long Mountain]] near Welshpool. The site was purchased to help safeguard the earthworks for the future.<ref>{{citation|url=https://cpat.org.uk/beacon-ring/|title=Beacon Ring on the CPAT website}}</ref> In recent years CPAT had undertaken some archaeological excavations on the site. Fieldwork in 2018 and 2019 investigated the ramparts and entrances.


In 2020 a mound at the centre of the site was investigated. Some accounts had suggested that this was a [[prehistoric]] [[Tumulus|burial mound]]. However excavation found that this was probably the location of the eponymous beacon, almost certainly of post-medieval date. The mound had later been re-used by the [[Ordnance Survey]] as a [[Triangulation station|trig point]], both in the 19th century [[Principal Triangulation of Great Britain]] and subsequently, with the most recent trig point being installed in 1948.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Belford|first=Paul|date=2020-10-28|title=Unexpected discoveries at Beacon Ring|url=https://www.archaeology.co.uk/articles/news/unexpected-discoveries-at-beacon-ring.htm|journal=Current Archaeology|issue=369|language=en}}</ref>
In 2020 a mound at the centre of the site was investigated. Some accounts had suggested that this was a [[prehistoric]] [[Tumulus|burial mound]]. However excavation found that this was probably the location of the eponymous beacon, almost certainly of post-medieval date. The mound had later been re-used by the [[Ordnance Survey]] as a [[Triangulation station|trig point]], both in the 19th century [[Principal Triangulation of Great Britain]] and subsequently, with the most recent trig point being installed in 1948.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Belford|first=Paul|date=2020-10-28|title=Unexpected discoveries at Beacon Ring|url=https://www.archaeology.co.uk/articles/news/unexpected-discoveries-at-beacon-ring.htm|journal=Current Archaeology|issue=369|language=en}}</ref>
Line 60: Line 66:
*Roman roads
*Roman roads
*North-east Wales Community Archaeology
*North-east Wales Community Archaeology

== Dissolution ==
In September 2023, the four Welsh Archaeological Trusts agreed to merge. As part of this process, in November 2023 the [[Dyfed Archaeological Trust]] changed its name to Heneb: the Trust for Welsh Archaeology. In April 2024 the other three [[Welsh Archaeological Trusts]] joined Heneb: the Trust for Welsh Archaeology. The resulting organisation is a national body, with regional offices.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Heneb -The Trust for Welsh Archaeology – CBA Wales {{!}} Council for British Archaeology Wales |url=https://cbawales.org/2024/05/heneb-the-trust-for-welsh-archaeology/ |access-date=2024-05-28 |language=en-US}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 79: Line 88:
*[http://www.archwilio.org.uk/ Archwilio website]
*[http://www.archwilio.org.uk/ Archwilio website]


{{Archaeology of Wales}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Latest revision as of 21:24, 9 November 2024

Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust
AbbreviationCPAT
SuccessorHeneb
Formation1975
DissolvedApril 1, 2024; 8 months ago (2024-04-01)
Legal statusIndependent non-profit research and education body
PurposeTo educate the public in archaeology
Region served
United Kingdom
Websitehttps://www.cpat.org.uk/

The Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT; Welsh: Ymddiriedolaeth Archeolegol Clwyd-Powys; YACP) was an educational charity, the objective of which was ‘to advance the education of the public in archaeology’. CPAT was established in 1975 and dissolved in 2024, when it merged with the three other Welsh Archaeological Trusts (WATs) to create Heneb: the Trust for Welsh Archaeology.

History

[edit]

CPAT was established in 1975 along with three other Welsh Archaeological Trusts. It emerged from the ‘Rescue Archaeology Group’ (RAG) which was set up in 1970 by Chris Musson, who became the first Chief Executive of CPAT.[1] The Trust undertook pioneering work on prehistoric sites in mid-Wales, beginning with the excavation of the Breidden hillfort (Powys) which was being destroyed by quarrying.[2] This was followed by the excavation of a late Iron Age hillslope enclosure at Collfryn (Powys), which found evidence for intensive occupation and remodelling of the site, including round-houses and ‘four-poster’ structures that were probably granaries.[3] CPAT has also undertaken extensive excavations of medieval sites such as Offa's Dyke and Hen Domen, near Montgomery.[4]

CPAT and the other Welsh Archaeological Trusts were pioneers in developing Historic Environment Records (HERs). In the 1970s Wales was the first part of the UK to develop a fully national system of what were then called ‘Sites and Monuments Records’; this fully computerised system was pioneered by Don Benson who was then Chief Executive of the Dyfed Archaeological Trust.[5] During the 1980s there had been good support from government for archaeology, including from Cadw which had been established in 1984. However, with the decline of the Manpower Services Commission funding models began to shift to a more ‘development driven’ model during this period.[6] With the rise of planning-related archaeology in the 1990s CPAT evolved to develop commercial ‘contract’ archaeology services, whilst at the same time maintaining the HER, planning services and other public-facing project work.[7]

In the 2010s the main focus of CPAT's fieldwork moved away from large-scale thematic studies of Welsh monuments and landscapes, to more site-specific work undertaken as part of development-led projects. This has led to a wider portfolio of projects across Wales, and in adjacent areas of England. CPAT has also diversified funding and partnerships for public archaeology projects, including long-running and successful partnerships with the National Trust and the Clwydian Range and Dee Valley AONB.[8][9]

On 1 April 2024 the four Welsh Archaeological Trusts merged to create 'Heneb: the Trust for Welsh Archaeology'. The legal entity 'Heneb' was created by renaming of the Dyfed Archaeological Trust (DAT); it then subsumed the other three Trusts. As a result control of the merged organisation passed to the former Director of DAT, and then subsequently to a new CEO who had been appointed in February 2024. Therefore the role of Director of CPAT was made redundant.

Operation and organisation

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The four Welsh Archaeological Trusts formed part of a ‘tripod’ of institutions which help understand, conserve and interpret archaeology and cultural heritage in Wales.[10] The Trust system in Wales was characterised by depth of regional knowledge and expertise, which partly comes from having many different roles in one organisation.

The Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust was organised into three principal departments.

  • The Historic Environment Advisory Service undertook work that in other parts of the UK are delivered by local authorities or by state heritage bodies. The three key areas of operation were: maintaining the regional Historic Environment Record (HER); providing planning advice for local authorities, developers and other bodies; and undertaking heritage management work for Welsh Government, local authorities, landowners, and others.
  • The Education and Outreach team ran a series of events and activities for the general public, providing education about the archaeological history of the region, and also giving an insight into the work of archaeologists. Some of this work was targeted at areas of social and economic exclusion, including recent work in north-east Wales.[11]
  • The Field Services team were responsible for the delivery of archaeological projects funded by private- and public-sector bodies. These included historic environment characterisation, site assessment surveys, field evaluation and excavation, and threat-related excavation and survey.

CPAT was a Registered Organisation with the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists.

CPAT was both a limited company (1212455) and a registered charity (508301). It therefore provided publicly-accessible accounts to Companies House and to the Charity Commission in the UK. The governing body was the Board of Trustees, who were voluntary non-executive directors. The Trustees delegated their authority for the day-to-day running of the Trust to the Director (Chief Executive).[12] The third and final Director of CPAT was appointed in 2013.[13]

On 1 April 2024, the Trustees of CPAT resigned and were replaced by the Trustees of Heneb, with CPAT becoming a regional office of the organisation.

Notable people

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  • Philip Barker, Chair of the Trust 1984-1991
  • Paul Belford, Director of the Trust 2013-2024
  • Bill Britnell, Director of the Trust 1986-2013
  • Frances Lynch, Chair of the Trust 1991-2017
  • Christopher R. Musson, Director of the Trust 1974-1986, and Trustee 2005-2021
  • Sian Rees, Chair of the Trust since 2017

Beacon Ring

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Since 2008 the Trust owned Beacon Ring, a hillfort on the Long Mountain near Welshpool. The site was purchased to help safeguard the earthworks for the future.[14] In recent years CPAT had undertaken some archaeological excavations on the site. Fieldwork in 2018 and 2019 investigated the ramparts and entrances.

In 2020 a mound at the centre of the site was investigated. Some accounts had suggested that this was a prehistoric burial mound. However excavation found that this was probably the location of the eponymous beacon, almost certainly of post-medieval date. The mound had later been re-used by the Ordnance Survey as a trig point, both in the 19th century Principal Triangulation of Great Britain and subsequently, with the most recent trig point being installed in 1948.[15]

Notable projects

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  • Breidden hillfort excavations
  • Collfryn enclosure excavations
  • Walton Basin (Hindwell) excavations
  • Roman and later Deeside
  • Offa's Dyke and Wat's Dyke
  • Four Crosses bypass
  • Upland landscapes
  • Roman roads
  • North-east Wales Community Archaeology

Dissolution

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In September 2023, the four Welsh Archaeological Trusts agreed to merge. As part of this process, in November 2023 the Dyfed Archaeological Trust changed its name to Heneb: the Trust for Welsh Archaeology. In April 2024 the other three Welsh Archaeological Trusts joined Heneb: the Trust for Welsh Archaeology. The resulting organisation is a national body, with regional offices.[16]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Catling, Chris (2016-04-07). "Wales in the Vanguard: Pioneering protection of the past". Current Archaeology.
  2. ^ Musson, C. R.; Britnell, W. J.; Smith, A. G. (1991), The Breiddin Hillfort: A later prehistoric settlement in the Welsh Marches, Council for British Archaeology Research Report No 76, ISBN 1-872414-12-5, archived from the original on 2011-04-02, retrieved 2020-09-18
  3. ^ Britnell, William (1989-12-30). "The Collfryn Hillslope Enclosure, Llansantffraid Deuddwr, Powys: Excavations 1980–1982". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society. 55 (55): 89–134. doi:10.1017/S0079497X00005351. S2CID 129179064.
  4. ^ "Hen Domen, Montgomery (306405)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 2021-09-30.
  5. ^ Catling, Chris (2016-04-07). "Wales in the Vanguard: Pioneering protection of the past". Current Archaeology.
  6. ^ Aitchison, Kenneth, Breaking New Ground: How Archaeology Works, Landward Research
  7. ^ Archaeology in Trust: 40 years of the Welsh Archaeological Trusts (PDF)
  8. ^ "National Trust 'Digging for History'".
  9. ^ "National Trust 'Community Archaeological Dig at Erddig'".
  10. ^ Belford, Paul (2018-03-28). "Politics and Heritage: Developments in Historic Environment Policy and Practice in Wales". The Historic Environment: Policy and Practice. 9 (2): 102–127. doi:10.1080/17567505.2018.1456721. S2CID 158120341.
  11. ^ Belford, Paul; Foreman, Penelope (2020-07-27). "People, places and performance: Reflections on community archaeology and heritage in north-east Wales". Journal of Community Archaeology and Heritage. 8 (7): 58–76. doi:10.1080/20518196.2020.1794115. ISSN 2051-8196.
  12. ^ CPAT Trustees Annual Report 2018-19
  13. ^ Powys County Times, 2013-07-26
  14. ^ Beacon Ring on the CPAT website
  15. ^ Belford, Paul (2020-10-28). "Unexpected discoveries at Beacon Ring". Current Archaeology (369).
  16. ^ "Heneb -The Trust for Welsh Archaeology – CBA Wales | Council for British Archaeology Wales". Retrieved 2024-05-28.
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