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{{Short description|Canadian actress and journalist (1946–2024)}}
{{Short description|Canadian actress/journalist}}'''Nerene Virgin''' is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] journalist,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/parties_leaders/clips/13140/ |title=Leader Once More |publisher=Archives.cbc.ca |date=2006-03-07 |accessdate=2010-02-10}}</ref> actress,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cxLfIs051c |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/_cxLfIs051c |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Today's Special Intro |publisher=Youtube.com |date=2006-01-24 |accessdate=2010-02-10}}{{cbignore}}</ref> educator, author <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/author/6083|title=Articles by Nerene Virgin |publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia|accessdate=August 31, 2019}}</ref> and television host,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2GiIzNN1XA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/K2GiIzNN1XA |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Eye on Toronto Nerene Virgin 1990 |publisher=Youtube.com |date=2009-03-01 |accessdate=2010-02-10}}{{cbignore}}</ref> best known for her role on the children's television series ''[[Today's Special]]''.
{{Infobox person
| name = Nerene Virgin
| image = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption =
| birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1946|12|27}}
| birth_place = [[Hamilton, Ontario]], Canada
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|1|15|1946|12|27}}
| death_place = [[Burlington, Ontario]], Canada
| nationality = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| other_names =
| occupation = Journalist, actress, educator, author, television host
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works = ''[[Today's Special]]''
}}

'''Nerene Virgin''' (December 27, 1946 – January 15, 2024) was a Canadian journalist,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/parties_leaders/clips/13140/ |title=Leader Once More |publisher=Archives.cbc.ca |date=2006-03-07 |accessdate=2010-02-10}}</ref> actress,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_cxLfIs051c |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/_cxLfIs051c |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Today's Special Intro |publisher=Youtube.com |date=2006-01-24 |accessdate=2010-02-10}}{{cbignore}}</ref> educator, author<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/author/6083|title=Articles by Nerene Virgin |publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia|accessdate=August 31, 2019}}</ref> and television host,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2GiIzNN1XA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/K2GiIzNN1XA |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Eye on Toronto Nerene Virgin 1990 |publisher=Youtube.com |date=2009-03-01 |accessdate=2010-02-10}}{{cbignore}}</ref> best known for her role on the children's television series ''[[Today's Special]]''.


== Background ==
== Background ==
Virgin was born in [[Hamilton, Ontario]]. She was a great-granddaughter of escaped Maryland slave Thomas John (Howard) Holland, and great-niece of pastor [[John Christie Holland]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.yorku.ca/aconline/culture/profiles.html| title=African Canadian Online: Aspects of African-Canadian Culture| publisher=York University| accessdate=13 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/headlines/descendants-of-fugitive-slave-reunite-in-hamilton-1.1269364| title=Descendants of fugitive slave reunite in Hamilton| first=Kate| last=Adach| date=12 July 2012| publisher=CBC| access-date=13 July 2012}}</ref> She was born Nerene Grizzle, daughter of Kathleen V. Toliver and [[Stanley G. Grizzle]]. After growing up in [[Toronto]], she attended Toronto Teacher's College. Virgin was also certified as a Special Education teacher at [[Brock University]] focusing on intellectually gifted children and held special qualifications in teaching Integrated Arts. Virgin began her career as a teacher, working for the [[Toronto Board of Education]]. She later moved into children's programming with Ontario's public broadcaster [[TV Ontario]], playing "Jodie" on ''Today's Special''. This internationally acclaimed series was in production for seven years. Virgin also had recurring roles on other television programs, including ''[[The Littlest Hobo]]'', ''[[Night Heat]]'' and ''[[Ramona (1988 TV series)|Ramona]]''. Initially, Virgin had played the role of Ellie the dispatch girl on ''Police Surgeon'', a CTV series originally named ''[[Dr. Simon Locke]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Schoettle |first=Jane |date=1990-02-24 |title=Nerene Virgin shines as Eye on Toronto host |pages=9 |work=The Globe and Mail (Toronto) |via=ProQuest}}</ref> She appeared in numerous film roles such as ''[[Gotti (1996 film)|Gotti]]'', ''The Undergrads'', ''[[Murder in Space (TV series)|Murder in Space]]'', and ''Right of the People''. Virgin's entertainment career began as a singer with the Tiaras, a Toronto-based girl group. Virgin joined Colina Phillips and Patricia Grizzle after [[Brenda Russell]] had left the trio and moved to Los Angeles.


Virgin worked as the weather and community reporter for [[CBOT (TV)|CBOT]], the local [[CBC Television]] station in [[Ottawa]], in the late 1980s. She then worked at [[CTV television network|CTV]] station [[CFTO-TV|CFTO]] in [[Toronto]] as the host of ''Eye on Toronto'', co-host for the entertainment show ''Showbuz'', and a host on CTV's annual ''Miracle Network Telethon'' for the [[The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto|Hospital for Sick Children]].<ref name=":0" />
Virgin was born in [[Hamilton, Ontario]]. She is a great-granddaughter of escaped Maryland slave Thomas John (Howard) Holland, and great-niece of pastor [[John Christie Holland]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.yorku.ca/aconline/culture/profiles.html| title=African Canadian Online: Aspects of African-Canadian Culture| publisher=York University| accessdate=13 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.cbc.ca/hamilton/news/story/2012/07/12/hamilton-holland-family-reunion.html| title=Descendants of fugitive slave reunite in Hamilton| first=Kate| last=Adach| date=12 July 2012| publisher=CBC| accessdate=13 July 2012}}</ref> She was born Nerene Grizzle, daughter of Kathleen V. Toliver and [[Stanley G. Grizzle]]. After growing up in [[Toronto]], she attended Toronto Teacher's College. Virgin was also certified as a Special Education teacher at [[Brock University]] focussing on intellectually gifted children and holds special qualifications in teaching Integrated Arts. Virgin began her career as a teacher, working for the [[Toronto Board of Education]]. She later moved into children's programming with Ontario's public broadcaster [[TV Ontario]], playing "Jodie" on ''Today's Special''. This internationally acclaimed series was in production for seven years. Virgin also had recurring roles on other television programs, including ''[[The Littlest Hobo]]'', ''[[Night Heat]]'' and ''[[Ramona (1988 TV series)|Ramona]]''. Initially, Virgin had played the role of Ellie the dispatch girl on ''Police Surgeon'', a CTV series originally named ''[[Dr. Simon Locke]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Schoettle |first=Jane |date=1990-02-24 |title=Nerene Virgin shines as Eye on Toronto host |pages=9 |work=The Globe and Mail (Toronto) |via=ProQuest}}</ref> She appeared in numerous film roles such as ''[[Gotti (1996 film)|Gotti]]'', ''The Undergrads'', ''[[Murder in Space (TV Series)|Murder in Space]]'', and ''Right of the People''. Virgin's entertainment career began as a singer with the Tiaras, a Toronto-based girl group. Virgin joined Colina Phillips and Patricia Grizzle after [[Brenda Russell]] had left the trio and moved to Los Angeles.


In 1996, Virgin became the host for the daily national current affairs show ''Coast to Coast'' for [[CBC Newsworld]] in [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]]. She returned to Toronto as the anchor to launch the national weekend newscast ''[[Saturday Report]]'' for [[CBC Television]]. She then moved to the anchor chair at [[Newsworld International]] until it was dismantled and taken over by Al Gore's [[Current TV]] in July 2005. Virgin then chose to leave CBC to complete further studies, gaining certification in teaching ESL (English as a Second Language) and taught students in [[Linhe District|Linhe]], [[Inner Mongolia]], [[China]]. She later taught French in [[Stoney Creek, Ontario|Stoney Creek]].
Virgin worked as the weather and community reporter for [[CBOT (TV)|CBOT]], the local [[CBC Television]] station in [[Ottawa]], in the late 1980s. She then worked at [[CTV television network|CTV]] station [[CFTO-TV|CFTO]] in [[Toronto]] as the host of ''Eye on Toronto'', co-host for the entertainment show ''Showbuz'', and a host on CTV's annual ''Miracle Network Telethon'' for the [[The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto|Hospital for Sick Children]].<ref name=":0" />


Virgin served on the board of directors for Phoenix Place, a second stage home for women and children who have survived domestic violence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phoenixplace.ca/Triathlon_Interior.aspx?ID=40 |title=Board Members |publisher=Phoenixplace.ca |accessdate=2010-02-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928222249/http://www.phoenixplace.ca/triathlon_interior.aspx?ID=40 |archivedate=September 28, 2015 }}</ref> She was also a member, and part of the executive, of the council for the College of Early Childhood Educators, the first such college in North America.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://collegeofecefiles.com/2009/notice/Council_Bios_E1.pdf |title=Public Appointed Councillors |date= |accessdate=2010-02-10 }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Virgin served as a member of Hamilton's Committee Against Racism for the 2010–2014 and 2014-2018 Term of Council.<ref name="CAR">{{cite web |url=http://www.hamilton.ca/CityDepartments/CorporateServices/Clerks/Committees2010-2014.htm |title=City of Hamilton - Committees&nbsp;- 2010 - 2014 Term of Council |publisher=City of Hamilton, Ontario |accessdate=9 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Council">{{cite web |url=https://hamilton.ca/NR/rdonlyres/B6A329B9-66F6-4419-B983-F6366A6B4ACD/0/Feb02AFAReport_11002_heldonFeb17.pdf |title=Audit, Finance & Administration Committee Report 11-002 |publisher=City of Hamilton, Ontario |accessdate=9 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817155738/https://hamilton.ca/NR/rdonlyres/B6A329B9-66F6-4419-B983-F6366A6B4ACD/0/Feb02AFAReport_11002_heldonFeb17.pdf |archivedate=17 August 2011 }}</ref>
In 1996, Virgin became the host for the daily national current affairs show ''Coast to Coast'' for [[CBC Newsworld]] in [[Calgary]], [[Alberta]]. She returned to Toronto as the anchor to launch the national weekend newscast ''[[Saturday Report]]'' for [[CBC Television]]. She then moved to the anchor chair at [[Newsworld International]] until it was dismantled and taken over by Al Gore's [[Current TV]] in July 2005. Virgin then chose to leave CBC to complete further studies, gaining certification in teaching ESL (English as a Second Language) and taught students in [[Linhe District|Linhe]], [[Inner Mongolia]], [[China]]. She later taught French in [[Stoney Creek, Ontario|Stoney Creek]].


Virgin died in [[Burlington, Ontario]] on January 15, 2024, of unspecified causes at the age of 77. She is survived by her husband Alan Smith, daughters Yvette and Nicole, and son Thomas.<ref name="Legacy">{{cite news |title=Nerene Virgin Obituary |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/name/nerene-virgin-obituary?id=54138266&fbclid=IwAR0Ul9zBTW8Fs88NRt57qhx3N__nnRbbzihbTaVEjVThldEcV2CADA03obU|website=[[Legacy.com]]|date=January 18, 2024|access-date=January 19, 2024}}</ref>
She currently serves on the board of directors for Phoenix Place, a second stage home for women and children who have survived domestic violence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phoenixplace.ca/Triathlon_Interior.aspx?ID=40 |title=Board Members |publisher=Phoenixplace.ca |accessdate=2010-02-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928222249/http://www.phoenixplace.ca/triathlon_interior.aspx?ID=40 |archivedate=September 28, 2015 }}</ref> She is also a member, and part of the executive, of the council for the College of Early Childhood Educators, the first such college in North America.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://collegeofecefiles.com/2009/notice/Council_Bios_E1.pdf |title=Public Appointed Councillors |date= |accessdate=2010-02-10 }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Virgin serves as a member of Hamilton's Committee Against Racism for the 2010–2014 and 2014-2018 Term of Council.<ref name="CAR">{{cite web |url=http://www.hamilton.ca/CityDepartments/CorporateServices/Clerks/Committees2010-2014.htm |title=City of Hamilton - Committees&nbsp;- 2010 - 2014 Term of Council |publisher=City of Hamilton, Ontario |accessdate=9 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="Council">{{cite web |url=https://hamilton.ca/NR/rdonlyres/B6A329B9-66F6-4419-B983-F6366A6B4ACD/0/Feb02AFAReport_11002_heldonFeb17.pdf |title=Audit, Finance & Administration Committee Report 11-002 |publisher=City of Hamilton, Ontario |accessdate=9 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817155738/https://hamilton.ca/NR/rdonlyres/B6A329B9-66F6-4419-B983-F6366A6B4ACD/0/Feb02AFAReport_11002_heldonFeb17.pdf |archivedate=17 August 2011 }}</ref>
This is boring


== Black History work ==
== Black History work ==
Virgin has applied her educational background and journalism skills to research, write and present stories of notable Blacks in Canadian/U.S. history.<ref name="thespec.com">{{cite news|author=Jeff Mahoney|url=http://www.thespec.com/news-story/4181411-mahoney-trail-blazing-doctor-overcame-several-obstacles/|title=Mahoney: Trail-blazing doctor overcame several obstacles|publisher=Thespec.com |date=2013-10-30 |accessdate=2015-09-28}}</ref> She has published biographies of Charles Victor Roman, Charles Lightfoot Roman and Rev. [[John Christie Holland]] with [[Historica Canada]]. These articles have been published in [[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]. Nerene has worked with the Dundas Museum and Archives to nominate C. V. Roman as a laureate to the [[Canadian Medical Hall of Fame]]. She is now working with the [[Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board]] to embed Black History into the regular school curriculum.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.college-ece.ca/en/AboutUs/Pages/Council-Members.aspx | title= Council Members Publicly Appointed council Members Nerene Virgin Hamilton|publisher= college-ece.ca |date= |accessdate=2015-03-10}}</ref> Virgin’s educational presentations are often based on the exploits of her great-great grandfather, Private Lewis Toliver and his eleven-year service in the “All Coloured Militia” during the [[Upper Canada Rebellion]] 1837–38 and the building of the Second [[Welland Canal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thespec.com/news-story/6274873-uncovering-stories-is-a-family-affair/|title=Uncovering stories is a family affair|first=Mark|last=McNeil|date=11 February 2016|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2018}}</ref> This endeavor is a pilot project for the [[Ministry of Education (Ontario)]].
Virgin applied her educational background and journalism skills to research, write and present stories of notable Blacks in Canadian and U.S. history.<ref name="thespec.com">{{cite news|author=Jeff Mahoney|url=http://www.thespec.com/news-story/4181411-mahoney-trail-blazing-doctor-overcame-several-obstacles/|title=Mahoney: Trail-blazing doctor overcame several obstacles|publisher=Thespec.com |date=2013-10-30 |accessdate=2015-09-28}}</ref> She published biographies of Charles Victor Roman, Charles Lightfoot Roman and Rev. [[John Christie Holland]] with [[Historica Canada]]. These articles have been published in ''[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]''. Nerene worked with the Dundas Museum and Archives to nominate C. V. Roman as a laureate to the [[Canadian Medical Hall of Fame]]. She worked with the [[Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board]] to embed Black History into the regular school curriculum.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.college-ece.ca/en/AboutUs/Pages/Council-Members.aspx | title= Council Members Publicly Appointed council Members Nerene Virgin Hamilton|publisher= college-ece.ca |date= |accessdate=2015-03-10}}</ref> Virgin's educational presentations were often based on the exploits of her great-great grandfather, Private Lewis Toliver and his eleven-year service in the “All Coloured Militia” during the [[Upper Canada Rebellion]] 1837–38 and the building of the Second [[Welland Canal]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thespec.com/news-story/6274873-uncovering-stories-is-a-family-affair/|title=Uncovering stories is a family affair|first=Mark|last=McNeil|newspaper=The Hamilton Spectator |date=11 February 2016|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2018}}</ref> This endeavor was a pilot project for the [[Ministry of Education (Ontario)|Ministry of Education]].


== Political career ==
== Political career ==
Virgin first sought political office in 2007 in the federal riding of [[Hamilton Mountain (electoral district)|Hamilton Mountain]] but she later withdrew from the race.<ref name="thespec.com2">{{cite news|author=Andrew Dreschel |url=http://www.thespec.com/article/230996 |title=Virgin is crowned but not enthroned |publisher=Thespec.com |date=2007-08-08 |accessdate=2010-02-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703170943/http://www.thespec.com/article/230996 |archivedate=July 3, 2009 }}</ref> She then decided to seek political office in [[Hamilton East—Stoney Creek]], even though she resides outside the riding boundaries.<ref name="thespec.com"/>
Virgin first sought political office in 2007 in the federal riding of [[Hamilton Mountain (federal electoral district)|Hamilton Mountain]], but she later withdrew from the race.<ref name="thespec.com2">{{cite news|author=Andrew Dreschel |url=http://www.thespec.com/article/230996 |title=Virgin is crowned but not enthroned |publisher=Thespec.com |date=2007-08-08 |accessdate=2010-02-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090703170943/http://www.thespec.com/article/230996 |archivedate=July 3, 2009 }}</ref> She then decided to seek political office in [[Hamilton East—Stoney Creek (provincial electoral district)|Hamilton East—Stoney Creek]], even though she resided outside the riding boundaries.<ref name="thespec.com"/> In 2016, she was named one of Canada's 100 Accomplished Black Canadian Women in history.


On July 31, 2007, after using a three-member panel interview process, the [[Ontario Liberal Party]] announced that Virgin had been [[acclamation|acclaimed]] as the candidate in [[Hamilton East—Stoney Creek]] for the [[2007 Ontario general election|2007 provincial election]]. The panel consisted of incumbent MPP [[Jennifer Mossop]] (who did not seek reelection), a party organizer, and the [[Electoral district (Canada)|riding]] president.<ref>{{cite news|author=Joan Walters |url=http://thespec.com/article/227256 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20071025171533/http://thespec.com/article/227256 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-10-25 |title=Nerene Virgin to run in Mossop's riding |publisher=Thespec.com |date=2007-07-31 |accessdate=2010-02-10}}</ref> The decision to appoint Virgin upset some local Liberal party members but Virgin expressed optimism in being able to reach out to the grassroots.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite news|author=Evelyn Myrie |url=http://www.thespec.com/Opinions/article/241412 |title=An apology is great, but it's not enough |publisher=Thespec.com |date=2007-08-30 |accessdate=2010-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Daniel Nolan |url=http://www.thespec.com/article/229751 |title=Damage Control |publisher=Thespec.com |date=2007-08-04 |accessdate=2010-02-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319003056/http://www.thespec.com/article/229751 |archivedate=March 19, 2012 }}</ref> Mossop, the [[Stoney Creek (electoral district)|Stoney Creek]] incumbent MPP at the time, is also a former television journalist.<ref name="Election">{{cite news|title=Former TV news anchor joins local election race |url=http://www.900chml.com/news/news_local.cfm?cat=7428436912&rem=71253&red=80143623aPBIny&wids=410&gi=1&gm=news_local.cfm |publisher=[[CHML (AM)|CHML]] |date=July 31, 2007 |accessdate=2007-08-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222626/http://www.900chml.com/news/news_local.cfm?cat=7428436912&rem=71253&red=80143623aPBIny&wids=410&gi=1&gm=news_local.cfm |archivedate=2007-09-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
On July 31, 2007, after using a three-member panel interview process, the [[Ontario Liberal Party]] announced that Virgin had been [[acclamation|acclaimed]] as the candidate in [[Hamilton East—Stoney Creek (provincial electoral district)|Hamilton East—Stoney Creek]] for the [[2007 Ontario general election|2007 provincial election]]. The panel consisted of incumbent MPP [[Jennifer Mossop]] (who did not seek reelection), a party organizer, and the [[Electoral district (Canada)|riding]] president.<ref>{{cite news|author=Joan Walters |url=http://thespec.com/article/227256 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20071025171533/http://thespec.com/article/227256 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-10-25 |title=Nerene Virgin to run in Mossop's riding |publisher=Thespec.com |date=2007-07-31 |accessdate=2010-02-10}}</ref> The decision to appoint Virgin upset some local Liberal party members, but Virgin expressed optimism in being able to reach out to the grassroots.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite news|author=Evelyn Myrie |url=http://www.thespec.com/Opinions/article/241412 |title=An apology is great, but it's not enough |publisher=Thespec.com |date=2007-08-30 |accessdate=2010-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Daniel Nolan |url=http://www.thespec.com/article/229751 |title=Damage Control |publisher=Thespec.com |date=2007-08-04 |accessdate=2010-02-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319003056/http://www.thespec.com/article/229751 |archivedate=March 19, 2012 }}</ref> Mossop, the [[Stoney Creek (electoral district)|Stoney Creek]] incumbent MPP at the time, is also a former television journalist.<ref name="Election">{{cite news|title=Former TV news anchor joins local election race |url=http://www.900chml.com/news/news_local.cfm?cat=7428436912&rem=71253&red=80143623aPBIny&wids=410&gi=1&gm=news_local.cfm |publisher=[[CHML (AM)|CHML]] |date=July 31, 2007 |accessdate=2007-08-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927222626/http://www.900chml.com/news/news_local.cfm?cat=7428436912&rem=71253&red=80143623aPBIny&wids=410&gi=1&gm=news_local.cfm |archivedate=2007-09-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


In the aftermath of Virgin's acclamation as a candidate, she was racially slurred and allegedly misrepresented in the media, with the ''Hamilton Community News'', a weekly newspaper in Hamilton, referring to her as a "[[tar baby]]".<ref>{{cite news|author=Nicole Macintyre |url=http://www.thespec.com/news/article/209925--race-slur-rocks-liberal-candidate |title=Racial slur rocks Liberal candidate |publisher=Thespec.com |date=2007-08-18 |accessdate=2010-02-10}}</ref> While the paper issued an apology for its use of the pejorative term,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.diversityintheworkplace.ca/newsletters/oct_07/oct07_article_etc.pdf|title=Global News Briefs|date=October 2007|publisher=Diversity in the Workplace|accessdate=2009-08-26}}</ref> Virgin indicated that the paper should do more than just apologize, suggesting setting up a scholarship, or a program designed to address racism and discrimination.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Virgin sued [[Metroland Media Group]] due to that racial slur. She was represented by lawyers Kikelola Roach, [[Charles Roach]] and [[Julian Porter]]. The newspaper settled the lawsuit to Virgin’s satisfaction.<ref>{{cite news| author=admin| url=http://sharenews.com/family-community-pay-tribute-to-the-late-rev-john-holland/| title=Family, community pay tribute to late Rev. John Holland| publisher=sharenews.com| date=2014-06-26| accessdate=2015-09-28| url-status=dead| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929105231/http://sharenews.com/family-community-pay-tribute-to-the-late-rev-john-holland/| archivedate=2015-09-29}}</ref>
In the aftermath of Virgin's acclamation as a candidate, she was racially slurred and allegedly misrepresented in the media, with the ''Hamilton Community News'', a weekly newspaper in Hamilton, referring to her as a "[[tar baby]]".<ref>{{cite news|author=Nicole Macintyre |url=http://www.thespec.com/news/article/209925--race-slur-rocks-liberal-candidate |title=Racial slur rocks Liberal candidate |publisher=Thespec.com |date=2007-08-18 |accessdate=2010-02-10}}</ref> While the paper issued an apology for its use of the pejorative term,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.diversityintheworkplace.ca/newsletters/oct_07/oct07_article_etc.pdf|title=Global News Briefs|date=October 2007|publisher=Diversity in the Workplace|accessdate=2009-08-26}}</ref> Virgin indicated that the paper should do more than just apologize, suggesting setting up a scholarship, or a program designed to address racism and discrimination.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Virgin sued [[Metroland Media Group]] due to that racial slur. She was represented by lawyers Kikelola Roach, [[Charles Roach]] and [[Julian Porter]]. The newspaper settled the lawsuit to Virgin's satisfaction.<ref>{{cite news| author=admin| url=http://sharenews.com/family-community-pay-tribute-to-the-late-rev-john-holland/| title=Family, community pay tribute to late Rev. John Holland| publisher=sharenews.com| date=2014-06-26| accessdate=2015-09-28| url-status=dead| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929105231/http://sharenews.com/family-community-pay-tribute-to-the-late-rev-john-holland/| archivedate=2015-09-29}}</ref>


On election day, Virgin finished second to [[Ontario New Democratic Party|New Democrat]] candidate [[Paul Miller (Canadian politician)|Paul Miller]].<ref name="Defeat">{{cite web |url=http://www3.elections.on.ca/internetapp/RealTimeED.aspx?channel_id={923146e7-4d81-42a8-99f0-e61f5ab50387}&EDID=32&lang=en-ca |title=39th General Election - October 10, 2007, HAMILTON EAST--STONEY CREEK |accessdate=2007-10-12 |publisher=Elections Ontario |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706202845/http://www3.elections.on.ca/internetapp/RealTimeED.aspx?channel_id=%7B923146e7-4d81-42a8-99f0-e61f5ab50387%7D&EDID=32&lang=en-ca |archivedate=2011-07-06 }}</ref>
On election day, Virgin finished second to [[Ontario New Democratic Party|New Democrat]] candidate [[Paul Miller (Canadian politician)|Paul Miller]].<ref name="Defeat">{{cite web |url=http://www3.elections.on.ca/internetapp/RealTimeED.aspx?channel_id={923146e7-4d81-42a8-99f0-e61f5ab50387}&EDID=32&lang=en-ca |title=39th General Election - October 10, 2007, HAMILTON EAST--STONEY CREEK |accessdate=2007-10-12 |publisher=Elections Ontario |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706202845/http://www3.elections.on.ca/internetapp/RealTimeED.aspx?channel_id=%7B923146e7-4d81-42a8-99f0-e61f5ab50387%7D&EDID=32&lang=en-ca |archivedate=2011-07-06 }}</ref>
Line 31: Line 50:
{{CANelec|ON|Liberal|Nerene Virgin|15,171|35.1| }}
{{CANelec|ON|Liberal|Nerene Virgin|15,171|35.1| }}
{{CANelec|ON|Progressive Conservatives|Tara Crugnale|9,195|21.3| }}
{{CANelec|ON|Progressive Conservatives|Tara Crugnale|9,195|21.3| }}
{{CANelec |ON |Green |Raymond Dartsch |2,122 |4.9}}
{{CANelec |ON |Green |Raymond Dartsch |2,122 |4.9|}}
{{CANelec|ON|FCP|Robert Innes|451|1.0| }}
{{CANelec|ON|FCP|Robert Innes|451|1.0| }}
{{end}}
{{end}}
ROR


==Filmography==
==Filmography==
Line 42: Line 60:
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
|-
|1972-1974|| ''Police Surgeon'' || Ellie the Dispatcher ||17 Episodes
|1972–1974|| ''Police Surgeon'' || Ellie the Dispatcher ||17 episodes
|-
|-
|1973||''[[The Starlost]]''||Valerie || Episode: “Circuit of Death”
|1973||''[[The Starlost]]''||Valerie || Episode: “Circuit of Death”
|-
|-
|1980||''[[Polka Dot Door]]''||Host || 10 Episodes
|1980||''[[Polka Dot Door]]''||Host || 10 episodes
|-
|-
|1981-1987||''[[Today's Special]]''||Jodie || Syndicated
|1981–1987||''[[Today's Special]]''||Jodie || Syndicated
|-
|-
|1981||''[[The Littlest Hobo]]''||Miss Watson|| Episode: “East Side Angels”
|1981||''[[The Littlest Hobo]]''||Miss Watson|| Episode: “East Side Angels”
|-
|-
|1985||''The Undergrads''||Polly Harris|| TV Movie
|1985||''The Undergrads''||Polly Harris|| TV movie
|-
|-
|1985||''[[Murder in Space]]''||Dr. Margaret Leigh||TV Movie
|1985||''[[Murder in Space]]''||Dr. Margaret Leigh||TV movie
|-
|-
|1985||''[[Perry Mason (TV movies)|''Perry Mason'' TV movies]]''||Minicam Reporter|| Perry Mason Returns
|1985||''[[Perry Mason (TV film series)|Perry Mason]]''||Minicam Reporter|| Perry Mason Returns
|-
|-
|1985–1988||''[[Night Heat]]''||Judy Burns, Frances, Mrs. Simmons||5 Episodes
|1985–1988||''[[Night Heat]]''||Judy Burns, Frances, Mrs. Simmons||5 episodes
|-
|-
|1986||''[[The Right of the People]]''||Diane Trainor || TV Movie
|1986||''[[The Right of the People]]''||Diane Trainor || TV movie
|-
|-
|1986||''A Deadly Business''||Reporter|| TV Movie
|1986||''A Deadly Business''||Reporter|| TV movie
|-
|-
|1988||''[[Diamonds (Canadian TV series)|Diamonds]]''||Edna Lawrence ||Episode:“There`s No Business...”
|1988||''[[Diamonds (Canadian TV series)|Diamonds]]''||Edna Lawrence ||Episode: “There`s No Business...”
|-
|-
|1988||''[[Garbage Pail Kids (TV series)]]''||Character Voice || 3 Episodes
|1988||''[[Garbage Pail Kids (TV series)|Garbage Pail Kids]]''||Character Voice || 3 episodes
|-
|-
|1988||''[[Ramona (1988 TV series)]]''||Mrs. Larson|| 3 Episodes
|1988||''[[Ramona (1988 TV series)|Ramona]]''||Mrs. Larson|| 3 episodes
|-
|-
|1996||''[[Due South ]]''||Reporter No. 3||Episode:“Red, White or Blue”
|1996||''[[Due South]]''||Reporter No. 3||Episode: “Red, White or Blue”
|-
|-
|1996||''[[Gotti (1996 film)]]''||Reporter No. 6|| TV Movie
|1996||''[[Gotti (1996 film)|Gotti]]''||Reporter No. 6|| TV movie
|-
|-
|1996||''Mistrial''||Reporter No. 4||TV Movie
|1996||''Mistrial''||Reporter No. 4||TV movie
|}
|}


==Awards==
==Awards==
On May 2, 2016, it was announced that Virgin was named one of Canada’s 100 Accomplished Black Canadian Women.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.100abcwomen.ca |title=100ABCWOMEN | date = May 2, 2016|accessdate=May 24, 2016}}</ref> Previously, in February 2012, she was honored for Professional Achievement and had received a Rev. John C. Holland Award, an award named after her great uncle [[John Christie Holland]].
On May 2, 2016, it was announced that Virgin was named one of Canada’s 100 Accomplished Black Canadian Women.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.100abcwomen.ca |title=100ABCWOMEN | date = May 2, 2016|accessdate=May 24, 2016}}</ref> Previously, in February 2012, she was honored for Professional Achievement and had received a Rev. John C. Holland Award, an award named after her great uncle [[John Christie Holland]].<ref>{{cite news|url =https://www.hamiltonnews.com/news-story/5422751-rev-john-c-holland-awards-honours-10-recipients/ |title=Rev. John C. Holland Awards honours 10 recipients|date=February 6, 2012|accessdate=May 24, 2016}}</ref> Virgin also received an Illuminesence Award in 2014.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/news/new-awards-toast-hamilton-s-young-women-professionals-1.2566855 |title=New awards toast Hamilton's young women professionals|date=March 10, 2014 | accessdate=May 24, 2016}}</ref> Virgin was in her mid-teens when she was crowned Miss Sepia Toronto. She had expected that this would lead her to be a contestant in the Miss Canada Pageant but was later told that, at that time, apparently a black girl would not be allowed to compete.<ref>{{cite book | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWLFi2w_nKQC&dq=nerene+virgin+miss+sepia&pg=PA106 |title=Talking About Freedom: Celebrating Emancipation Day in Canada |date=March 24, 2014 |isbn=9781459700499 | accessdate=May 24, 2016|last1=Henry |first1=Natasha L. |publisher=Dundurn }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news|url =https://www.hamiltonnews.com/news-story/5422751-rev-john-c-holland-awards-honours-10-recipients/ |title=Rev. John C. Holland Awards honours 10 recipients|date=February 6, 2012|accessdate=May 24, 2016}}</ref> Virgin also received an Illuminesence Award in 2014.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/news/new-awards-toast-hamilton-s-young-women-professionals-1.2566855 |title=New awards toast Hamilton's young women professionals|date=March 10, 2014 | accessdate=May 24, 2016}}</ref> Virgin was in her mid-teens when she was crowned Miss Sepia Toronto. She had expected that this would lead her to be a contestant in the Miss Canada Pageant but was later told that, at that time, apparently a black girl would not be allowed to compete.<ref>{{cite book | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWLFi2w_nKQC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=nerene+virgin+miss+sepia#v=onepage |title=Talking About Freedom: Celebrating Emancipation Day in Canada |date=March 24, 2014 |isbn=9781459700499 | accessdate=May 24, 2016|last1=Henry |first1=Natasha L. }}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 90: Line 107:


{{DEFAULTSORT:Virgin, Nerene}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Virgin, Nerene}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Canadian television actresses]]
[[Category:Canadian television actresses]]
[[Category:Canadian children's television personalities]]
[[Category:Canadian children's television personalities]]
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[[Category:Black Canadian politicians]]
[[Category:Black Canadian politicians]]
[[Category:Black Canadian broadcasters]]
[[Category:Black Canadian broadcasters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ontario Liberal Party candidates in Ontario provincial elections]]
[[Category:Ontario Liberal Party candidates in Ontario provincial elections]]
[[Category:Women in Ontario politics]]
[[Category:Women in Ontario politics]]
[[Category:Canadian women television journalists]]
[[Category:Canadian women television journalists]]
[[Category:Actresses from Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Actresses from Hamilton, Ontario]]
[[Category:Black Canadian journalists]]
[[Category:TVO people]]
[[Category:Black Canadian women]]
[[Category:20th-century Canadian women journalists]]
[[Category:21st-century Canadian women journalists]]

Latest revision as of 23:23, 11 November 2024

Nerene Virgin
Born(1946-12-27)December 27, 1946
DiedJanuary 15, 2024(2024-01-15) (aged 77)
Occupation(s)Journalist, actress, educator, author, television host
Notable workToday's Special

Nerene Virgin (December 27, 1946 – January 15, 2024) was a Canadian journalist,[1] actress,[2] educator, author[3] and television host,[4] best known for her role on the children's television series Today's Special.

Background

[edit]

Virgin was born in Hamilton, Ontario. She was a great-granddaughter of escaped Maryland slave Thomas John (Howard) Holland, and great-niece of pastor John Christie Holland.[5][6] She was born Nerene Grizzle, daughter of Kathleen V. Toliver and Stanley G. Grizzle. After growing up in Toronto, she attended Toronto Teacher's College. Virgin was also certified as a Special Education teacher at Brock University focusing on intellectually gifted children and held special qualifications in teaching Integrated Arts. Virgin began her career as a teacher, working for the Toronto Board of Education. She later moved into children's programming with Ontario's public broadcaster TV Ontario, playing "Jodie" on Today's Special. This internationally acclaimed series was in production for seven years. Virgin also had recurring roles on other television programs, including The Littlest Hobo, Night Heat and Ramona. Initially, Virgin had played the role of Ellie the dispatch girl on Police Surgeon, a CTV series originally named Dr. Simon Locke.[7] She appeared in numerous film roles such as Gotti, The Undergrads, Murder in Space, and Right of the People. Virgin's entertainment career began as a singer with the Tiaras, a Toronto-based girl group. Virgin joined Colina Phillips and Patricia Grizzle after Brenda Russell had left the trio and moved to Los Angeles.

Virgin worked as the weather and community reporter for CBOT, the local CBC Television station in Ottawa, in the late 1980s. She then worked at CTV station CFTO in Toronto as the host of Eye on Toronto, co-host for the entertainment show Showbuz, and a host on CTV's annual Miracle Network Telethon for the Hospital for Sick Children.[7]

In 1996, Virgin became the host for the daily national current affairs show Coast to Coast for CBC Newsworld in Calgary, Alberta. She returned to Toronto as the anchor to launch the national weekend newscast Saturday Report for CBC Television. She then moved to the anchor chair at Newsworld International until it was dismantled and taken over by Al Gore's Current TV in July 2005. Virgin then chose to leave CBC to complete further studies, gaining certification in teaching ESL (English as a Second Language) and taught students in Linhe, Inner Mongolia, China. She later taught French in Stoney Creek.

Virgin served on the board of directors for Phoenix Place, a second stage home for women and children who have survived domestic violence.[8] She was also a member, and part of the executive, of the council for the College of Early Childhood Educators, the first such college in North America.[9] Virgin served as a member of Hamilton's Committee Against Racism for the 2010–2014 and 2014-2018 Term of Council.[10][11]

Virgin died in Burlington, Ontario on January 15, 2024, of unspecified causes at the age of 77. She is survived by her husband Alan Smith, daughters Yvette and Nicole, and son Thomas.[12]

Black History work

[edit]

Virgin applied her educational background and journalism skills to research, write and present stories of notable Blacks in Canadian and U.S. history.[13] She published biographies of Charles Victor Roman, Charles Lightfoot Roman and Rev. John Christie Holland with Historica Canada. These articles have been published in The Canadian Encyclopedia. Nerene worked with the Dundas Museum and Archives to nominate C. V. Roman as a laureate to the Canadian Medical Hall of Fame. She worked with the Hamilton-Wentworth District School Board to embed Black History into the regular school curriculum.[14] Virgin's educational presentations were often based on the exploits of her great-great grandfather, Private Lewis Toliver and his eleven-year service in the “All Coloured Militia” during the Upper Canada Rebellion 1837–38 and the building of the Second Welland Canal.[15] This endeavor was a pilot project for the Ministry of Education.

Political career

[edit]

Virgin first sought political office in 2007 in the federal riding of Hamilton Mountain, but she later withdrew from the race.[16] She then decided to seek political office in Hamilton East—Stoney Creek, even though she resided outside the riding boundaries.[13] In 2016, she was named one of Canada's 100 Accomplished Black Canadian Women in history.

On July 31, 2007, after using a three-member panel interview process, the Ontario Liberal Party announced that Virgin had been acclaimed as the candidate in Hamilton East—Stoney Creek for the 2007 provincial election. The panel consisted of incumbent MPP Jennifer Mossop (who did not seek reelection), a party organizer, and the riding president.[17] The decision to appoint Virgin upset some local Liberal party members, but Virgin expressed optimism in being able to reach out to the grassroots.[18][19] Mossop, the Stoney Creek incumbent MPP at the time, is also a former television journalist.[20]

In the aftermath of Virgin's acclamation as a candidate, she was racially slurred and allegedly misrepresented in the media, with the Hamilton Community News, a weekly newspaper in Hamilton, referring to her as a "tar baby".[21] While the paper issued an apology for its use of the pejorative term,[22] Virgin indicated that the paper should do more than just apologize, suggesting setting up a scholarship, or a program designed to address racism and discrimination.[18] Virgin sued Metroland Media Group due to that racial slur. She was represented by lawyers Kikelola Roach, Charles Roach and Julian Porter. The newspaper settled the lawsuit to Virgin's satisfaction.[23]

On election day, Virgin finished second to New Democrat candidate Paul Miller.[24]

Electoral record

[edit]

Riding: Hamilton East—Stoney Creek (provincial electoral district)

2007 Ontario general election
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
New Democratic Paul Miller 16,256 37.6
Liberal Nerene Virgin 15,171 35.1
Progressive Conservative Tara Crugnale 9,195 21.3
Green Raymond Dartsch 2,122 4.9
Family Coalition Robert Innes 451 1.0

Filmography

[edit]

Film and television appearances

[edit]
Year Title Role Notes
1972–1974 Police Surgeon Ellie the Dispatcher 17 episodes
1973 The Starlost Valerie Episode: “Circuit of Death”
1980 Polka Dot Door Host 10 episodes
1981–1987 Today's Special Jodie Syndicated
1981 The Littlest Hobo Miss Watson Episode: “East Side Angels”
1985 The Undergrads Polly Harris TV movie
1985 Murder in Space Dr. Margaret Leigh TV movie
1985 Perry Mason Minicam Reporter Perry Mason Returns
1985–1988 Night Heat Judy Burns, Frances, Mrs. Simmons 5 episodes
1986 The Right of the People Diane Trainor TV movie
1986 A Deadly Business Reporter TV movie
1988 Diamonds Edna Lawrence Episode: “There`s No Business...”
1988 Garbage Pail Kids Character Voice 3 episodes
1988 Ramona Mrs. Larson 3 episodes
1996 Due South Reporter No. 3 Episode: “Red, White or Blue”
1996 Gotti Reporter No. 6 TV movie
1996 Mistrial Reporter No. 4 TV movie

Awards

[edit]

On May 2, 2016, it was announced that Virgin was named one of Canada’s 100 Accomplished Black Canadian Women.[25] Previously, in February 2012, she was honored for Professional Achievement and had received a Rev. John C. Holland Award, an award named after her great uncle John Christie Holland.[26] Virgin also received an Illuminesence Award in 2014.[27] Virgin was in her mid-teens when she was crowned Miss Sepia Toronto. She had expected that this would lead her to be a contestant in the Miss Canada Pageant but was later told that, at that time, apparently a black girl would not be allowed to compete.[28]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Leader Once More". Archives.cbc.ca. 2006-03-07. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
  2. ^ "Today's Special Intro". Youtube.com. 2006-01-24. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
  3. ^ "Articles by Nerene Virgin". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  4. ^ "Eye on Toronto Nerene Virgin 1990". Youtube.com. 2009-03-01. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
  5. ^ "African Canadian Online: Aspects of African-Canadian Culture". York University. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
  6. ^ Adach, Kate (12 July 2012). "Descendants of fugitive slave reunite in Hamilton". CBC. Retrieved 13 July 2012.
  7. ^ a b Schoettle, Jane (1990-02-24). "Nerene Virgin shines as Eye on Toronto host". The Globe and Mail (Toronto). p. 9 – via ProQuest.
  8. ^ "Board Members". Phoenixplace.ca. Archived from the original on September 28, 2015. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
  9. ^ "Public Appointed Councillors" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-02-10.[permanent dead link]
  10. ^ "City of Hamilton - Committees - 2010 - 2014 Term of Council". City of Hamilton, Ontario. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  11. ^ "Audit, Finance & Administration Committee Report 11-002" (PDF). City of Hamilton, Ontario. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2011. Retrieved 9 June 2011.
  12. ^ "Nerene Virgin Obituary". Legacy.com. January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
  13. ^ a b Jeff Mahoney (2013-10-30). "Mahoney: Trail-blazing doctor overcame several obstacles". Thespec.com. Retrieved 2015-09-28.
  14. ^ "Council Members Publicly Appointed council Members Nerene Virgin Hamilton". college-ece.ca. Retrieved 2015-03-10.
  15. ^ McNeil, Mark (11 February 2016). "Uncovering stories is a family affair". The Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved 5 September 2018.
  16. ^ Andrew Dreschel (2007-08-08). "Virgin is crowned but not enthroned". Thespec.com. Archived from the original on July 3, 2009. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
  17. ^ Joan Walters (2007-07-31). "Nerene Virgin to run in Mossop's riding". Thespec.com. Archived from the original on 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
  18. ^ a b Evelyn Myrie (2007-08-30). "An apology is great, but it's not enough". Thespec.com. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
  19. ^ Daniel Nolan (2007-08-04). "Damage Control". Thespec.com. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
  20. ^ "Former TV news anchor joins local election race". CHML. July 31, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
  21. ^ Nicole Macintyre (2007-08-18). "Racial slur rocks Liberal candidate". Thespec.com. Retrieved 2010-02-10.
  22. ^ "Global News Briefs" (PDF). Diversity in the Workplace. October 2007. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
  23. ^ admin (2014-06-26). "Family, community pay tribute to late Rev. John Holland". sharenews.com. Archived from the original on 2015-09-29. Retrieved 2015-09-28.
  24. ^ "39th General Election - October 10, 2007, HAMILTON EAST--STONEY CREEK". Elections Ontario. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2007-10-12.
  25. ^ "100ABCWOMEN". May 2, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  26. ^ "Rev. John C. Holland Awards honours 10 recipients". February 6, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  27. ^ "New awards toast Hamilton's young women professionals". March 10, 2014. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
  28. ^ Henry, Natasha L. (March 24, 2014). Talking About Freedom: Celebrating Emancipation Day in Canada. Dundurn. ISBN 9781459700499. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
[edit]