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{{Short description|Dana vongamath}}
{{Short description|Agency on illicit drugs of the European Union, formerly "EMCDDA"}}
{{Coord|38.70572|-9.14307|format=dms|type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Coord|38.70572|-9.14307|format=dms|type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Infobox government agency
{{Infobox government agency
| type =
| type =
| seal = EMCDDA Logo.svg
| seal = EUDA.svg
| seal_caption = Logo
| seal_caption = Current logo
| logo = File:Flag of EMCDDA.svg
| logo = Flag of EMCDDA.svg
| logo_caption = Flag
| logo_caption = Former flag (until 2024)
| formed = {{Start date|1993|df=y}}
| formed = {{Start date|1993|df=y}}
| preceding1 =
| preceding1 =
| dissolved =
| dissolved =
| jurisdiction = [[European Union]]
| jurisdiction = [[European Union]]
| headquarters = [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]
| headquarters = [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]
| coordinates =
| coordinates =
| motto =
| motto =
| employees =
| employees =
| budget =
| chief1_name = Alexis Goosdeel<ref>[http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/dir Directorate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121021515/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/dir |date=2022-01-21 }} EMCDDA.</ref>
| chief1_name = Alexis Goosdeel<ref>[http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/dir Directorate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121021515/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/dir |date=2022-01-21 }} EMCDDA.</ref>
| chief1_position = Director
| chief1_position = Director
| chief2_name = Laura D'Arrigo<ref>[http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/mb EMCDDA Management Board]</ref>
| chief2_name = Laura D'Arrigo<ref>[http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/mb EMCDDA Management Board]</ref>
| chief2_position = Chairman
| chief2_position = Chairman
| chief3_name =
| chief3_name =
| chief3_position =
| chief3_position =
| chief4_name =
| chief4_name =
| chief4_position =
| chief4_position =
| chief5_name =
| chief5_name =
| chief5_position =
| chief5_position =
| chief6_name =
| chief6_name =
| chief6_position =
| chief6_position =
| chief7_name =
| chief7_name =
| chief7_position =
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| chief9_name =
| chief9_name =
| chief9_position =
| chief9_position =
| parent_department =
| parent_department =
| keydocument1 =
| keydocument1 = [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=CELEX:32002R1406 Regulation (EC) No 1211/2009]
| website = {{Official URL}}
| website = [https://www.euda.europa.eu/index_en euda.europa.eu]
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| agency_name = Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
| agency_name = European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA)
| logo_width =
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| seal_width =
| seal_width =
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| picture_caption =
| picture_caption =
| superseding =
| superseding =
| map =
| map =
| budget = €15.2 million <small>(proposed)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_222438_EN_2014%20EMCDDA%20Draft%20Budget%20-%202013-11-19.pdf |title=EMCDDA draft budget for 2014 |publisher=EMCDDA |date=6 December 2013 |access-date=17 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423031902/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_222438_EN_2014%20EMCDDA%20Draft%20Budget%20-%202013-11-19.pdf |archive-date=23 April 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| budget = €15.2 million (proposed) (2014) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_222438_EN_2014%20EMCDDA%20Draft%20Budget%20-%202013-11-19.pdf |title=EMCDDA draft budget for 2014 |publisher=EMCDDA |date=6 December 2013 |access-date=17 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423031902/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_222438_EN_2014%20EMCDDA%20Draft%20Budget%20-%202013-11-19.pdf |archive-date=23 April 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| budget_year = 2014
| website = [http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/ emcdda.europa.eu]
}}
}}


The '''European Union Drugs Agency''' ('''EUDA'''), known until 2024 as the '''''European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction''' ('''EMCDDA'''),'' is an [[agency of the European Union|agency]] of the [[European Union]] headquartered in [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]], and established in 1993.
The '''European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction''' ('''EMCDDA''') is an [[agency of the European Union]] located in [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]], and established in 1993. In June 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=AgenceEurope |date=2022-06-09 |title=EU Council validates tasks of new European Drugs Agency |url=https://agenceurope.eu/en/bulletin/article/12968/8 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=agenceurope.eu |series=Europe Daily Bulletin No. 12968}}</ref> the [[Council of the European Union]] approved a reform of the organization which will lead to an extension of its mandate<ref>{{Cite web |last=Members' Research Service |date=2022-06-21 |title=International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking 2022 |url=https://epthinktank.eu/2022/06/21/international-day-against-drug-abuse-and-illicit-trafficking-2/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=[[European Parliament]] Research Service |language=en-US}}</ref> and a change of name for "'''European Union Drugs Agency.'''"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Representatives Committee II/CORDROGUE |date=2022-05-30 |title=Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the European Union Drugs Agency - General approach |url=https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-9297-2022-INIT/en/pdf |website=[[Council of the European Union]]}}</ref>


In June 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=AgenceEurope |date=2022-06-09 |title=EU Council validates tasks of new European Drugs Agency |url=https://agenceurope.eu/en/bulletin/article/12968/8 |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=agenceurope.eu |series=Europe Daily Bulletin No. 12968}}</ref> the [[Council of the European Union]] approved a reform of the organization which lead to an extension of its mandate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New European Union Drugs Agency starts work with broader mandate {{!}} www.euda.europa.eu |url=https://www.euda.europa.eu/news/2024/1/new-european-union-drugs-agency-starts-work-with-broader-mandate_en |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=www.euda.europa.eu}}</ref>
⚫
The EMCDDA strives to be the "reference point" on drug usage for the European Union's member states, and to deliver "factual, objective, reliable and comparable information" about drug usage, drug addiction and related health complications, including [[hepatitis]], [[HIV/AIDS]] and [[tuberculosis]].<ref name="mission">{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/mission |title=Mission|publisher=EMCDDA |access-date=17 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=A policy-maker's perspective on 'ECDC and EMCDDA guidance: prevention and control of infectious diseases among people who inject drugs' |author=Joan Colom |date=19 September 2014 |pmc=4178530 |pmid=25253290 |doi=10.1186/1471-2334-14-S6-S11 |volume=14 Suppl 6 |journal=BMC Infect. Dis. |issue=Suppl 6 |pages=S11}}</ref> Though the EMCDDA primarily serves [[Europe]], it also works with other partners, scientists and policy-makers around the world.<ref name="mission" />

⚫
The EUDA strives to be the "reference point" on drug usage for the European Union's member states, and to deliver "factual, objective, reliable and comparable information" about drug usage, drug addiction and related health complications, including [[hepatitis]], [[HIV/AIDS]] and [[tuberculosis]].<ref name="mission">{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/mission |title=Mission|publisher=EMCDDA |access-date=17 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=A policy-maker's perspective on 'ECDC and EMCDDA guidance: prevention and control of infectious diseases among people who inject drugs' |author=Joan Colom |date=19 September 2014 |pmc=4178530 |pmid=25253290 |doi=10.1186/1471-2334-14-S6-S11 |volume=14 |journal=BMC Infect. Dis. |issue=Suppl 6 |pages=S11 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Though the EUDA primarily serves [[Europe]], it also works with other partners, scientists and policy-makers around the world.<ref name="mission" />


==Mission and role==
==Mission and role==
[[File:EMCDDA building in Lisbon (2).JPG|thumb|250px|One of the two EMCDDA agency buildings in [[Lisbon]]]]
[[File:EMCDDA building in Lisbon (2).JPG|thumb|250px|One of the two EUDA agency buildings in [[Lisbon]]]]


The EMCDDA was founded on the principle that independent scientific research is a "vital resource to help Europe understand the nature of its drug problems and better respond to them."<ref name="mission"/>
The Agency was founded on the principle that independent scientific research is a "vital resource to help Europe understand the nature of its drug problems and better respond to them."<ref name="mission"/>


Its stated missions are to:
Its stated missions are to:
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Among the Centre's target groups are policy-makers, who use this information to help formulate coherent national and EU drug strategies. Also served are professionals and researchers working in the drugs field and, more broadly, the European media and general public.
Among the Centre's target groups are policy-makers, who use this information to help formulate coherent national and EU drug strategies. Also served are professionals and researchers working in the drugs field and, more broadly, the European media and general public.


At the heart of the Centre's work is the task of improving the comparability of drug information across Europe and devising the methods and tools required to achieve this. As a result of efforts to date, countries can now view how they fit into the wider European picture and examine common problems and goals. A key feature of the drug phenomenon is its shifting, dynamic nature, and tracking new developments is a central task of the EMCDDA.
At the heart of the Centre's work is the task of improving the comparability of drug information across Europe and devising the methods and tools required to achieve this. As a result of efforts to date, countries can now view how they fit into the wider European picture and examine common problems and goals. A key feature of the drug phenomenon is its shifting, dynamic nature, and tracking new developments is a central task of the Agency.

The new mandate as of July 2024 includes new mechanisms such as a ''European Drug Alert System, European Threat Assessment System and a European Network of Forensic and Toxicological Laboratories''. This way the agency should better anticipate future drug-related challenges and their consequences, alerts on new drug risks and threats to health and security, strengthen the responses to the drug phenomenon and facilitate knowledge exchange for evidence-based drug policies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New European Union Drugs Agency starts work with broader mandate |url=https://www.euda.europa.eu/news/2024/1/new-european-union-drugs-agency-starts-work-with-broader-mandate_en |access-date= |website=}}</ref>


==Network, reports and partnerships==
==Network, reports and partnerships==
The Centre obtains information primarily from the "Reitox network": a group of focal points in each of the 28 [[EU Member State]]s, [[Norway]], the candidate countries to the EU, and at the [[European Commission]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.economistiassociati.com/files/Evaluation%20of%20the%20Focal%20Points%20of%20the%20European%20Information%20Network%20on%20Drugs%20and%20Drug%20Addiction%20(REITOX)%20-%20Volume1.pdf|title=Evaluation of the Focal Points of the European Information Network on Drugs and Drug Addiction (REITOX)|last=ECONOMISTI ASSOCIATI Bologna - Italia|date=November 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529044649/http://www.economistiassociati.com/files/Evaluation%20of%20the%20Focal%20Points%20of%20the%20European%20Information%20Network%20on%20Drugs%20and%20Drug%20Addiction%20(REITOX)%20-%20Volume1.pdf|archive-date=29 May 2019}}</ref> This human and computer network links the national information systems of the 28 Member States, Norway, and their key partners to the EMCDDA. It acts as a practical instrument for the collection and exchange of data and information.
The Centre obtains information primarily from the "Reitox network": a group of focal points in each of the 28 [[EU Member State]]s, [[Norway]], the candidate countries to the EU, and at the [[European Commission]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.economistiassociati.com/files/Evaluation%20of%20the%20Focal%20Points%20of%20the%20European%20Information%20Network%20on%20Drugs%20and%20Drug%20Addiction%20(REITOX)%20-%20Volume1.pdf|title=Evaluation of the Focal Points of the European Information Network on Drugs and Drug Addiction (REITOX)|last=ECONOMISTI ASSOCIATI Bologna - Italia|date=November 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529044649/http://www.economistiassociati.com/files/Evaluation%20of%20the%20Focal%20Points%20of%20the%20European%20Information%20Network%20on%20Drugs%20and%20Drug%20Addiction%20(REITOX)%20-%20Volume1.pdf|archive-date=29 May 2019}}</ref> This human and computer network links the national information systems of the 28 Member States, Norway, and their key partners to the Agency. It acts as a practical instrument for the collection and exchange of data and information.


The annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the [[European Union]] and Norway and an online statistical bulletin offer a yearly overview of the latest European drug situation and trends. Meanwhile, online country situation summaries provide a pool of national drug-related data.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/countries |title=Countries|publisher=EMCDDA |access-date=17 February 2015}}</ref>
The annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the [[European Union]] and Norway and an online statistical bulletin offer a yearly overview of the latest European drug situation and trends. Meanwhile, online country situation summaries provide a pool of national drug-related data.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/countries |title=Countries|publisher=EMCDDA |access-date=17 February 2015}}</ref>


The EMCDDA works in partnership with non-EU countries as well as with international bodies such as the [[United Nations International Drug Control Programme]], the [[World Health Organization]], the [[Council of Europe]]'s [[Pompidou Group]], the [[World Customs Organization]], the [[International Criminal Police Organization]] (Interpol) and the [[European Police Office]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/partners |title=Partners|publisher=EMCDDA |access-date=17 February 2015}}</ref>
The Agency works in partnership with non-EU countries as well as with international bodies such as the [[United Nations International Drug Control Programme]], the [[World Health Organization]], the [[Council of Europe]]'s [[Pompidou Group]], the [[World Customs Organization]], the [[International Criminal Police Organization]] (Interpol) and the [[European Police Office]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/about/partners |title=Partners|publisher=EMCDDA |access-date=17 February 2015}}</ref>


There are also partnerships with [[Non-governmental organization|non-governmental organizations]] such as with the [[Trans-European Drug Information|Trans-European Drug Information (TEDI)]] in relation with [[Drug checking|drug checking services]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[EMCDDA]] |date=2022 |title=Drug checking |url=https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/drug-checking_en |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=www.emcdda.europa.eu}}</ref>
There are also partnerships with [[Non-governmental organization|non-governmental organizations]] such as with the [[Trans-European Drug Information|Trans-European Drug Information (TEDI)]] in relation with [[Drug checking|drug checking services]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=[[EMCDDA]] |date=2022 |title=Drug checking |url=https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/topics/drug-checking_en |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=www.emcdda.europa.eu}}</ref>
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==Critical Evaluation==
==Critical Evaluation==
Limits to the effectiveness of the organisation have been identified as possible disparity in research standards and rigour between member countries. Efforts to standardise research and data collection are an essential element to maintaining consistency and validity in universal application throughout the European Union. Benefit may be gained also from more detailed and timely monitoring of emerging drug trends in fulfilling the organisation's role of providing pre-emptive responses to drug related issues. An additional challenge to the EMCDD is ensuring limited resources are effectively managed so as not to provide replication of research and risk becoming redundant.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Grifiiths | first1 = W | last2 = Mounteney | first2 = P | last3 = Lopez | first3 = J | last4 = Zobel | first4 = D | last5 = Gotz | first5 = F | year = 2011 | title = Monitoring the European Drug situation: the ongoing challenge for the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction EMCDDA | journal = Addiction | volume = 107 | pages = 254–258 | doi = 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03369.x }}</ref>
Limits to the effectiveness of the organisation have been identified as possible disparity in research standards and rigour between member countries. Efforts to standardise research and data collection are an essential element to maintaining consistency and validity in universal application throughout the European Union. Benefit may be gained also from more detailed and timely monitoring of emerging drug trends in fulfilling the organisation's role of providing pre-emptive responses to drug related issues. An additional challenge to the Agency is ensuring limited resources are effectively managed so as not to provide replication of research and risk becoming redundant.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Grifiiths | first1 = W | last2 = Mounteney | first2 = P | last3 = Lopez | first3 = J | last4 = Zobel | first4 = D | last5 = Gotz | first5 = F | year = 2011 | title = Monitoring the European Drug situation: the ongoing challenge for the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction EMCDDA | journal = Addiction | volume = 107 | pages = 254–258 | doi = 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03369.x | doi-access = free }}</ref>


The EMCDDA is proactive in suggesting positive policy change, based on their data collection, to the organisations that can implement these changes. One such change was presented in their 2015 annual report titled 'Alternatives to punishment for drug-using offenders'. Razmadze and colleagues in their review of the EMCDDA's report supported the contention that incarcerating drug users is placing a large financial burden on states as well as doing more harm to drug users and their families. The evidence shows that this option criminalises offenders and promotes recidivism whereas treatment and rehabilitation programs provide the better option to keep both the drug user and the public safer. This alternative approach towards drug users is in keeping with the guidelines by the United Nations 1988 and the Council of the European Union in 2012.<ref>Razmadze, M., Otiashvili, D.,Balanchivadze, N and Tbatadze, M. 2015. 'Alternatives to Incarceration for Drug- Related Offences' access online 20 July 2016 http://altgeorgia.ge/2012/myfiles/Alternatives%20to%20Incarceration%20ENG....pdf {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816045550/http://altgeorgia.ge/2012/myfiles/Alternatives%20to%20Incarceration%20ENG....pdf |date=16 August 2016 }}</ref>
The Agency is proactive in suggesting positive policy change, based on their data collection, to the organisations that can implement these changes. One such change was presented in their 2015 annual report titled 'Alternatives to punishment for drug-using offenders'. Razmadze and colleagues in their review of the Agency's report supported the contention that incarcerating drug users is placing a large financial burden on states as well as doing more harm to drug users and their families. The evidence shows that this option criminalises offenders and promotes recidivism whereas treatment and rehabilitation programs provide the better option to keep both the drug user and the public safer. This alternative approach towards drug users is in keeping with the guidelines by the United Nations 1988 and the Council of the European Union in 2012.<ref>[http://altgeorgia.ge/2012/myfiles/Alternatives%20to%20Incarceration%20ENG....pdf Razmadze, M., Otiashvili, D.,Balanchivadze, N and Tbatadze, M. 2015. 'Alternatives to Incarceration for Drug- Related Offences' access online 20 July 2016] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816045550/http://altgeorgia.ge/2012/myfiles/Alternatives%20to%20Incarceration%20ENG....pdf |date=16 August 2016 }}</ref>


==Acknowledgements==
==Acknowledgements==
In 2013, [[The American Library Association]] recognised three EMCDDA’s publications among the notable government documents of 2012.<ref>[http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2013/ala EMCDDA publications recognised by the American Library Association] EMCDDA 30.10.2013.</ref>
In 2013, [[The American Library Association]] recognised three Agency’s publications among the notable government documents of 2012.<ref>[http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2013/ala EMCDDA publications recognised by the American Library Association] EMCDDA 30.10.2013.</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{commonscat}}
{{commonscat-inline}}
* [http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/ European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction]
* {{Official|http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/ }}
* [http://ec.europa.eu/health-eu/ Health-EU Portal] the official public health portal of the European Union
* [http://ec.europa.eu/health-eu/ Health-EU Portal] the official public health portal of the European Union


Latest revision as of 23:32, 12 November 2024

38°42′21″N 9°08′35″W / 38.70572°N 9.14307°W / 38.70572; -9.14307

European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA)
Current logo
Former flag (until 2024)
Agency overview
Formed1993 (1993)
JurisdictionEuropean Union
HeadquartersLisbon, Portugal
Annual budget€15.2 million (proposed) (2014) [1]
Agency executives
  • Alexis Goosdeel[2], Director
  • Laura D'Arrigo[3], Chairman
Websiteeuda.europa.eu

The European Union Drugs Agency (EUDA), known until 2024 as the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), is an agency of the European Union headquartered in Lisbon, Portugal, and established in 1993.

In June 2022,[4] the Council of the European Union approved a reform of the organization which lead to an extension of its mandate.[5]

The EUDA strives to be the "reference point" on drug usage for the European Union's member states, and to deliver "factual, objective, reliable and comparable information" about drug usage, drug addiction and related health complications, including hepatitis, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis.[6][7] Though the EUDA primarily serves Europe, it also works with other partners, scientists and policy-makers around the world.[6]

Mission and role

[edit]
One of the two EUDA agency buildings in Lisbon

The Agency was founded on the principle that independent scientific research is a "vital resource to help Europe understand the nature of its drug problems and better respond to them."[6]

Its stated missions are to:

  • Provide the Community and EU Member States with: 'factual, objective, reliable and comparable information at European level concerning drugs and drug addiction and their consequences'
  • Collect, register and analyse information on 'emerging trends', particularly in polydrug use, and the combined use of licit and illicit psychoactive substances
  • Offer information on best practice in the EU Member States and facilitate exchange of such practice between them[6]

Among the Centre's target groups are policy-makers, who use this information to help formulate coherent national and EU drug strategies. Also served are professionals and researchers working in the drugs field and, more broadly, the European media and general public.

At the heart of the Centre's work is the task of improving the comparability of drug information across Europe and devising the methods and tools required to achieve this. As a result of efforts to date, countries can now view how they fit into the wider European picture and examine common problems and goals. A key feature of the drug phenomenon is its shifting, dynamic nature, and tracking new developments is a central task of the Agency.

The new mandate as of July 2024 includes new mechanisms such as a European Drug Alert System, European Threat Assessment System and a European Network of Forensic and Toxicological Laboratories. This way the agency should better anticipate future drug-related challenges and their consequences, alerts on new drug risks and threats to health and security, strengthen the responses to the drug phenomenon and facilitate knowledge exchange for evidence-based drug policies.[8]

Network, reports and partnerships

[edit]

The Centre obtains information primarily from the "Reitox network": a group of focal points in each of the 28 EU Member States, Norway, the candidate countries to the EU, and at the European Commission.[9] This human and computer network links the national information systems of the 28 Member States, Norway, and their key partners to the Agency. It acts as a practical instrument for the collection and exchange of data and information.

The annual report on the state of the drugs problem in the European Union and Norway and an online statistical bulletin offer a yearly overview of the latest European drug situation and trends. Meanwhile, online country situation summaries provide a pool of national drug-related data.[10]

The Agency works in partnership with non-EU countries as well as with international bodies such as the United Nations International Drug Control Programme, the World Health Organization, the Council of Europe's Pompidou Group, the World Customs Organization, the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) and the European Police Office.[11]

There are also partnerships with non-governmental organizations such as with the Trans-European Drug Information (TEDI) in relation with drug checking services.[12]

Palacete do Relógio – one of the two agency buildings in Lisbon

Critical Evaluation

[edit]

Limits to the effectiveness of the organisation have been identified as possible disparity in research standards and rigour between member countries. Efforts to standardise research and data collection are an essential element to maintaining consistency and validity in universal application throughout the European Union. Benefit may be gained also from more detailed and timely monitoring of emerging drug trends in fulfilling the organisation's role of providing pre-emptive responses to drug related issues. An additional challenge to the Agency is ensuring limited resources are effectively managed so as not to provide replication of research and risk becoming redundant.[13]

The Agency is proactive in suggesting positive policy change, based on their data collection, to the organisations that can implement these changes. One such change was presented in their 2015 annual report titled 'Alternatives to punishment for drug-using offenders'. Razmadze and colleagues in their review of the Agency's report supported the contention that incarcerating drug users is placing a large financial burden on states as well as doing more harm to drug users and their families. The evidence shows that this option criminalises offenders and promotes recidivism whereas treatment and rehabilitation programs provide the better option to keep both the drug user and the public safer. This alternative approach towards drug users is in keeping with the guidelines by the United Nations 1988 and the Council of the European Union in 2012.[14]

Acknowledgements

[edit]

In 2013, The American Library Association recognised three Agency’s publications among the notable government documents of 2012.[15]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "EMCDDA draft budget for 2014" (PDF). EMCDDA. 6 December 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 April 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  2. ^ Directorate Archived 2022-01-21 at the Wayback Machine EMCDDA.
  3. ^ EMCDDA Management Board
  4. ^ AgenceEurope (2022-06-09). "EU Council validates tasks of new European Drugs Agency". agenceurope.eu. Europe Daily Bulletin No. 12968. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  5. ^ "New European Union Drugs Agency starts work with broader mandate | www.euda.europa.eu". www.euda.europa.eu. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  6. ^ a b c d "Mission". EMCDDA. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  7. ^ Joan Colom (19 September 2014). "A policy-maker's perspective on 'ECDC and EMCDDA guidance: prevention and control of infectious diseases among people who inject drugs'". BMC Infect. Dis. 14 (Suppl 6): S11. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-S6-S11. PMC 4178530. PMID 25253290.
  8. ^ "New European Union Drugs Agency starts work with broader mandate".
  9. ^ ECONOMISTI ASSOCIATI Bologna - Italia (November 2001). "Evaluation of the Focal Points of the European Information Network on Drugs and Drug Addiction (REITOX)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2019.
  10. ^ "Countries". EMCDDA. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  11. ^ "Partners". EMCDDA. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  12. ^ EMCDDA (2022). "Drug checking". www.emcdda.europa.eu. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  13. ^ Grifiiths, W; Mounteney, P; Lopez, J; Zobel, D; Gotz, F (2011). "Monitoring the European Drug situation: the ongoing challenge for the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction EMCDDA". Addiction. 107: 254–258. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03369.x.
  14. ^ Razmadze, M., Otiashvili, D.,Balanchivadze, N and Tbatadze, M. 2015. 'Alternatives to Incarceration for Drug- Related Offences' access online 20 July 2016 Archived 16 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ EMCDDA publications recognised by the American Library Association EMCDDA 30.10.2013.
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