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{{short description|Scottish title of nobility}}
{{short description|Scottish title of nobility}}

{{redirect|Earl of Bute|the British prime minister|John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute}}
{{Redirect2|Earl of Windsor|Earl of Bute|the British prime minister|John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute}}

{{EngvarB|date=May 2017}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox nobility title
{{Infobox nobility title
| name = Marquessate of the County of Bute
| name = Marquessate of the County of Bute
| image = [[File:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|150px]]<br>[[File:Marquess of Bute COA.svg|180px]]
| image = [[File:Coronet of a British Marquess.svg|150px]]<br/>[[File:Marquess of Bute COA.svg|180px]]
| image_size =
| image_size =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = '''''Arms of the Marquess of Bute:''''' Quarterly, 1st & 4th, Or, a Fess chequy Azure and Argent within a Double-Tressure flory counterflory Gules (for [[House of Stuart|Stuart]]); 2nd & 3rd,, Argent a Lion rampant Azure (for Crichton).<ref name="H.G. Bohn">{{cite book|last1=Burke|first1=John|last2=Burke|first2=Bernard|title=Encyclopaedia of Heraldry: Or General Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms|date=1851|publisher=H.G. Bohn|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk/page/989 989]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk|access-date=13 October 2016|language=en}}</ref>
| caption = '''''Arms of the Marquess of Bute:''''' Quarterly, 1st & 4th, Or, a Fess chequy Azure and Argent within a Double-Tressure flory counterflory Gules (for [[House of Stuart|Stuart]]); 2nd & 3rd,, Argent a Lion rampant Azure (for Crichton).<ref name="H.G. Bohn">{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk |title=Encyclopaedia of Heraldry: Or General Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms |last2=Burke |first2=Bernard |date=1851 |publisher=H.G. Bohn |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk/page/989 989] |language=en |access-date=13 October 2016}}</ref>
| creation_date = 2 February 1796
| creation_date = 2 February 1796
| creation =
| creation =
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| first_holder = [[John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute|John Stuart, 4th Earl of Bute]]
| first_holder = [[John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute|John Stuart, 4th Earl of Bute]]
| last_holder =
| last_holder =
| present_holder = John Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute
| present_holder = John Bryson Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute
| heir_apparent =
| heir_apparent =
| heir_presumptive = [[Lord Anthony Crichton-Stuart]]
| heir_presumptive = [[Lord Anthony Crichton-Stuart]]
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| family_seat = [[Mount Stuart House]]
| family_seat = [[Mount Stuart House]]
| former_seat = [[Cardiff Castle]], [[Dumfries House]], [[Castell Coch]], [[House of Falkland]], [[Luton Hoo]]
| former_seat = [[Cardiff Castle]], [[Dumfries House]], [[Castell Coch]], [[House of Falkland]], [[Luton Hoo]]
| motto = Over the centre Crest: <br> '''NOBILIS EST IRA LEONIS''' (The wrath of the lion is noble) <br> Over the dexter Crest: <br> '''GOD SEND GRACE''' <br> Over the sinister Crest: <br> '''Avito viret honore''' (He flourishes in ancestral honour)
| motto = Over the centre Crest:<br/>'''NOBILIS EST IRA LEONIS''' (The wrath of the lion is noble)<br/>Over the dexter Crest:<br/>'''GOD SEND GRACE'''<br/>Over the sinister Crest:<br/>'''Avito viret honore''' (He flourishes in ancestral honour)
| footnotes = Currently the [[Earl of Dumfries|Earldom of Dumfries]] resides with the Marquesses of Bute. However, the Dumfries title can be inherited through the female line through an amendment to its original creation, and the title could be separated from the Marquesses of Bute should heirs presumptive to the titles of Bute and Dumfries, being male and female respectively, inherit.
| footnotes = Currently the [[Earldom of Dumfries]] resides with the Marquesses of Bute. However, it can be inherited through the female line through an amendment to its original creation, and the title could be separated from the Marquessate of Bute should heirs presumptive to the titles of Bute and Dumfries, being male and female respectively, inherit.
}}
}}
'''Marquess of the County of Bute''', shortened in general usage to '''Marquess of Bute''',<ref name="bio">{{cite DWB| id=s-BUTE-BUT-1550| title=BUTE, marquesses of Bute, Cardiff Castle, etc.| author=Sir William Llewelyn Davies| date=1959}}</ref> is a title in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]]. It was created in 1796 for [[John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute|John Stuart, 4th Earl of Bute]].
'''Marquess of the County of Bute''', shortened in general usage to '''Marquess of Bute''',<ref name="bio">{{cite DWB| id=s-BUTE-BUT-1550| title=BUTE, Marquesses of Bute, Cardiff Castle, etc.| author=Sir William Llewelyn Davies| date=1959}}</ref> is a title in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]]. It was created in 1796 for [[John Stuart, 4th Earl of Bute]].


==Family history==
==Family history==
John Stuart was the member of a family that descended from John Stewart (1360–1449), [[Sheriff]] of [[County of Bute|Bute]], a natural son of [[Robert II of Scotland]] and his mistress Moira Leitch, married to Janet Sympil and in 1407 to Elizabeth Graham. This John Stewart was granted the lands of [[Isle of Bute|Bute]], [[Isle of Arran|Arran]] and [[Cumbrae]] by his father. He was known as the 'Black Stewart' because of his dark complexion; his brother John Stewart of Dundonald was known as the 'Red Stewart'. The grant of lands was confirmed in 1400 by a [[Royal charter|charter]] of [[Robert III of Scotland|Robert III]].<ref name=clan>[http://www.scotsconnection.com/clan_crests/Stewart.htm Stewart Clan] Scots Connection (accessed 12 March 2008)</ref><ref>Anderson, William, ''The Scottish Nation: or The Surnames, Families, Literature, Honours, and Biographical History of the People of Scotland'' (vol. I, ABE-CUR, Edinburgh, A. Fullarton & Co., 1862) pp 514–515, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bLQEAAAAIAAJ The Scottish nation] Google Books, (accessed 12 March 2008)</ref>
John Stuart was the member of a family that descended from John Stewart (1360–1449), [[Sheriff]] of [[County of Bute|Bute]], a natural son of [[Robert II of Scotland]] and his mistress Moira Leitch, married to Janet Sympil and in 1407 to Elizabeth Graham. This John Stewart was granted the lands of [[Isle of Bute|Bute]], [[Isle of Arran|Arran]] and [[Cumbrae]] by his father. He was known as the 'Black Stewart' because of his dark complexion; his brother John Stewart of Dundonald was known as the 'Red Stewart'. The grant of lands was confirmed in 1400 by a [[Royal charter|charter]] of [[Robert III of Scotland|Robert III]].<ref name="clan">[http://www.scotsconnection.com/clan_crests/Stewart.htm Stewart Clan] Scots Connection (accessed 12 March 2008)</ref><ref>Anderson, William, ''The Scottish Nation: or The Surnames, Families, Literature, Honours, and Biographical History of the People of Scotland'' (vol. I, ABE-CUR, Edinburgh, A. Fullarton & Co., 1862) pp 514–515, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bLQEAAAAIAAJ The Scottish nation] Google Books, (accessed 12 March 2008)</ref>


About 1385, John Stewart of Bute was granted the hereditary office of Sheriff of Bute by his father Robert II. He died in 1449, aged 89.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Weir|first1=Alison|title=Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy|publisher=Random House|isbn=9781446449110|page=228|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7nZ90l1_IzAC&pg=PA228|language=en|date=18 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Douglas|first1=Robert|title=The Peerage of Scotland|date=1764|url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/ecco/004896980.0001.000/1:54?rgn=div1;view=fulltext}}</ref> At about the time of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], the family adopted the spelling of 'Stuart', which she had used while living in France.<ref name=clan/> [[Stuart Baronets|James Stuart]], seventh in descent from the Black Stewart, was created a '''Baronet''', of Bute, in the [[Baronetage of Nova Scotia]] on 28 March 1627. His grandson, the third Baronet, represented Bute in the [[Parliament of Scotland]] and was one of the Commissioners that negotiated the Union between Scotland and England. On 14 April 1703, he was raised to the [[Peerage of Scotland]] as '''Earl of Bute''', '''Viscount of Kingarth''', and '''Lord Mount Stuart, Cumra and Inchmarnock'''. He was succeeded by his son, the 2nd Earl of Bute and 4th Baronet, who sat in the [[House of Lords]] as a [[Representative peer|Scottish Representative Peer]] and served as [[Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire]]. On his early death, the titles passed to his son, the third Earl. He became a politician and favourite of [[George III]] and served as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister of Great Britain]] from 1762 to 1763. Lord Bute married [[Mary Stuart, Countess of Bute|Mary]], a daughter of [[Edward Wortley Montagu (diplomat)|Edward Wortley Montagu]] and his wife the writer [[Lady Mary Wortley Montagu]]. In 1761, Lord Bute's wife Mary was raised to the [[Peerage of Great Britain]] in her own right as '''Baroness Mount Stuart''', of Wortley in the County of York, with remainder to the heirs male of her body by her then husband Lord Bute. Her son became the first Marquess of Bute, whose eldest son and heir [[John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart]] (who predeceased his father) married Lady Elizabeth Penelope, daughter and heiress of [[Patrick McDouall-Crichton, 6th Earl of Dumfries]]. Lord Mount Stuart's eldest son John succeeded his maternal grandfather as seventh Earl of Dumfries in 1803, and his paternal grandfather as second Marquess of Bute in 1814. In 1805, he assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Crichton before Stuart. He was succeeded by his only child, the third Marquess. He was an antiquarian, scholar, philanthropist and architectural patron and also held the post of Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire. It was the 3rd Marquess who in 1868 first converted to [[Roman Catholic|Roman Catholicism]],<ref>Bence-Jones, Mark, ''The Catholic Families'' (1992) London: Constable and Company Ltd., pp. 203–4</ref> since which time the family have remained of that faith. His son the fourth Marquess was also Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire. His grandson, [[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]], succeeded his father and was Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire from 1967 to 1975. As of 2021, the peerages are held by the latter's grandson, John Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute.
About 1385, John Stewart of Bute was granted the hereditary office of Sheriff of Bute by his father Robert II. He died in 1449, aged 89.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Weir |first=Alison |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7nZ90l1_IzAC&pg=PA228 |title=Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy |date=18 April 2011 |publisher=Random House |isbn=9781446449110 |page=228 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Douglas |first=Robert |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/ecco/004896980.0001.000/1:54?rgn=div1;view=fulltext |title=The Peerage of Scotland |date=1764}}</ref> At about the time of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], the family adopted the spelling of 'Stuart', which she had used while living in France.<ref name=clan/> [[Stuart Baronets|James Stuart]], seventh in descent from the Black Stewart, was created a {{em|Baronet}}, of Bute, in the [[Baronetage of Nova Scotia]] on 28 March 1627. His grandson, the third Baronet, represented Bute in the [[Parliament of Scotland]] and was one of the Commissioners that negotiated the Union between Scotland and England. On 14 April 1703, he was raised to the [[Peerage of Scotland]] as {{em|Earl of Bute}}, {{em|Viscount of Kingarth}}, and {{em|Lord Mount Stuart, Cumra and Inchmarnock}}. He was succeeded by his son, the 2nd Earl of Bute and 4th Baronet, who sat in the [[House of Lords]] as a [[List of Scottish representative peers|Scottish representative peer]] and served as [[Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire]]. On his early death, the titles passed to his son, the third Earl. He became a politician and favourite of [[George III]] and served as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister of Great Britain]] from 1762 to 1763. Lord Bute married [[Mary Stuart, Countess of Bute|Mary]], a daughter of [[Edward Wortley Montagu (diplomat)|Edward Wortley Montagu]] and his wife the writer [[Lady Mary Wortley Montagu]]. In 1761, Lord Bute's wife Mary was raised to the [[Peerage of Great Britain]] in her own right as {{em|Baroness Mount Stuart}}, of Wortley in the County of York, with remainder to the heirs male of her body by her then husband Lord Bute. Her son became the first Marquess of Bute, whose eldest son and heir [[John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart]] (who predeceased his father) married Lady Elizabeth Penelope, daughter and heiress of [[Patrick McDouall-Crichton, 6th Earl of Dumfries]]. Lord Mount Stuart's eldest son John succeeded his maternal grandfather as seventh Earl of Dumfries in 1803, and his paternal grandfather as second Marquess of Bute in 1814. In 1805, he assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Crichton before Stuart. He was succeeded by his only child, the third Marquess. He was an antiquarian, scholar, philanthropist and architectural patron and also held the post of Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire. It was the 3rd Marquess who in 1868 first converted to [[Catholicism]],<ref>Bence-Jones, Mark, ''The Catholic Families'' (1992) London: Constable and Company Ltd., pp. 203–4</ref> since which time the family have remained of that faith. His son the fourth Marquess was also Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire. His grandson, [[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]], succeeded his father and was Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire from 1967 to 1975. As of 2021, the peerages are held by the latter's grandson, John Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute.


[[File:Marquess_of_Bute_chest.jpeg|thumb|left|This chest is on display at the [[Colintraive Hotel]] in [[Colintraive]], Argyll and Bute]]
[[File:Marquess_of_Bute_chest.jpeg|thumb|left|This chest is on display at the [[Colintraive Hotel]] in [[Colintraive]], Argyll and Bute]]


===Bute family titles===
===Bute family titles===
The Marquesses of Bute have important ancestors not only in Scotland but also in [[Wales]], including the first [[William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1570)|Lord Herbert of Cardiff]], son and heir of Richard Herbert of Ewyas. He was also created [[Earl of Pembroke]].<ref name="bio"/> After the [[Stuart Restoration]], most of the [[Herbert family]] property was sold, and the rest was owned by [[Thomas Windsor, 1st Viscount Windsor|Thomas, Viscount Windsor]], who married Charlotte, the only child of [[Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of Pembroke]]. In 1766, Viscount Windsor's granddaughter, [[Herbert Windsor, 2nd Viscount Windsor#Marriage and issue|Charlotte Jane]], was married to [[John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute|John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart]] (1744-1814), the son and heir of the 3rd Earl of Bute, prime minister from 1762 to 1763,<ref name="bio"/> and through this marriage great estates in south Wales came into the Bute family. In 1776, sixteen years before he succeeded his father as Earl of Bute, he was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain in his own right as '''Baron Cardiff''', of [[Cardiff Castle]] in the County of Glamorgan, in recognition of his substantial Welsh estates. In 1796, he was further honoured when he was created '''Earl of Windsor''' and '''Viscount Mountjoy''', in the [[Isle of Wight]], revivals of the titles once held by his wife's family, and '''Marquess of Bute'''. These titles are also in the Peerage of Great Britain.
The Marquesses of Bute have important ancestors not only in Scotland but also in [[Wales]], including the first [[William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1570)|Lord Herbert of Cardiff]], son and heir of Richard Herbert of Ewyas. He was also created [[Earl of Pembroke]].<ref name="bio" /> After the [[Stuart Restoration]], most of the [[Herbert family]] property was sold, and the rest was owned by [[Thomas Windsor, 1st Viscount Windsor|Thomas, Viscount Windsor]], who married Charlotte, the only child of [[Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of Pembroke]]. In 1766, Viscount Windsor's granddaughter, [[Herbert Windsor, 2nd Viscount Windsor#Marriage and issue|Charlotte Jane]], was married to [[John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute|John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart]] (1744-1814), the son and heir of the 3rd Earl of Bute, prime minister from 1762 to 1763,<ref name="bio" /> and through this marriage great estates in south Wales came into the Bute family. In 1776, sixteen years before he succeeded his father as Earl of Bute, he was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain in his own right as {{em|Baron Cardiff}}, of [[Cardiff Castle]] in the County of Glamorgan, in recognition of his substantial Welsh estates. In 1796, he was further honoured when he was created {{em|Earl of Windsor}} and {{em|Viscount Mountjoy}}, in the [[Isle of Wight]], revivals of the titles once held by his wife's family, and {{em|Marquess of Bute}}. These titles are also in the Peerage of Great Britain.


==Other offices and duties==
==Other offices and duties==
The Marquess of Bute is the Hereditary Keeper of [[Rothesay Castle]], a privilege granted to the ancestor of the Earls and Marquesses of Bute, John Stewart, by [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert II]] during the 14th century. In this capacity, the Crichton-Stuart family had been responsible for the upkeep and restoration of the castle up until the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rothesay Castle|url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/places/managedproperties/propertyabout.htm?PropID=PL_238|publisher=[[Historic Scotland]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=A Guide to Rothesay Castle|location=[[Rothesay, Bute|Rothesay]]|date=1870|publisher=Biggar & Co|page=21}}</ref>
The marquess of Bute is the hereditary keeper of [[Rothesay Castle]], a privilege granted to the ancestor of the Earls and Marquesses of Bute, John Stewart, by [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert II]] during the 14th century. In this capacity, the Crichton-Stuart family had been responsible for the upkeep and restoration of the castle up until the 1960s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rothesay Castle |url=http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/places/managedproperties/propertyabout.htm?PropID=PL_238 |publisher=[[Historic Scotland]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=A Guide to Rothesay Castle |date=1870 |publisher=Biggar & Co |location=[[Rothesay, Bute|Rothesay]] |page=21}}</ref>


This branch of the Stewart (also Stuart) family previously held the office of Hereditary [[High Steward of Scotland]], an office now held by the [[Duke of Rothesay]], in his capacity as a direct descendant of the [[House of Stuart]].
This branch of the Stewart (also Stuart) family previously held the office of Hereditary [[High Steward of Scotland]], an office now held by the [[duke of Rothesay]], in his capacity as a direct descendant of the [[House of Stuart]].


== Other family members ==
== Other family members ==
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[[Lord William Stuart]], fourth son of the first Marquess, was a [[Captain (naval)|captain]] in the [[Royal Navy]] and Member of Parliament. Lord George Stuart (1780–1841), fifth son of the first Marquess, was a [[rear-admiral]] in the Royal Navy. [[Lord Dudley Stuart]], sixth son of the first Marquess (and eldest from his second marriage), was a member of parliament. [[Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart]], second son of Lord Mount Stuart, eldest son of the first Marquess, was Member of Parliament for [[Cardiff (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff]]. His eldest son [[James Crichton-Stuart]] also represented this constituency in Parliament. [[Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart]], second son of the third Marquess, was also Member of Parliament for Cardiff before his early death in the [[First World War]]. [[Lord Colum Crichton-Stuart]], third and youngest son of the third Marquess, sat as Member of Parliament for [[Northwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Northwich]] for many years. [[John Crichton-Stuart, 4th Marquess of Bute#Family life|Lord Robert Crichton-Stuart]] Crichton-Stuart, second son of the fourth Marquess, was Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire. Lord [[Rhidian Crichton-Stuart]], fifth and youngest son of the fourth Marquess, was a British member of the International Legislative Assembly of the Tangier International Zone.
[[Lord William Stuart]], fourth son of the first Marquess, was a [[Captain (naval)|captain]] in the [[Royal Navy]] and Member of Parliament. Lord George Stuart (1780–1841), fifth son of the first Marquess, was a [[rear-admiral]] in the Royal Navy. [[Lord Dudley Stuart]], sixth son of the first Marquess (and eldest from his second marriage), was a member of parliament. [[Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart]], second son of Lord Mount Stuart, eldest son of the first Marquess, was Member of Parliament for [[Cardiff (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff]]. His eldest son [[James Crichton-Stuart]] also represented this constituency in Parliament. [[Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart]], second son of the third Marquess, was also Member of Parliament for Cardiff before his early death in the [[First World War]]. [[Lord Colum Crichton-Stuart]], third and youngest son of the third Marquess, sat as Member of Parliament for [[Northwich (UK Parliament constituency)|Northwich]] for many years. [[John Crichton-Stuart, 4th Marquess of Bute#Family life|Lord Robert Crichton-Stuart]] Crichton-Stuart, second son of the fourth Marquess, was Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire. Lord [[Rhidian Crichton-Stuart]], fifth and youngest son of the fourth Marquess, was a British member of the International Legislative Assembly of the Tangier International Zone.


The Earls and Marquesses of Bute originally used the courtesy title Lord Mount Stuart for the heir apparent. After the earldom of Dumfries was inherited by the second Marquess, the heir apparent has been styled Earl of Dumfries and his heir apparent is styled Lord Mount Stuart. However, the current Marquess John Bryson Crichton-Stuart was styled as Lord Mount Stuart for some years after his father inherited the marquessate in 1993. This was because his father was well known at the time as [[Johnny Dumfries]], Earl of Dumfries. Subsequently, the seventh Marquess became known as John or Johnny Bute and his heir adopted Jack Dumfries for short.
The Earls and Marquesses of Bute originally used the courtesy title Lord Mount Stuart for the heir apparent. After the Earldom of Dumfries was inherited by the second Marquess, the heir apparent has been styled Earl of Dumfries and his heir apparent is styled Lord Mount Stuart. However, the current Marquess John Bryson Crichton-Stuart was styled as Lord Mount Stuart for some years after his father inherited the marquessate in 1993. This was because his father was well known at the time as [[Johnny Dumfries]], Earl of Dumfries. Subsequently, the seventh Marquess became known as John or Johnny Bute and his heir adopted Jack Dumfries for short.


== Heraldic achievement (coat of arms) ==
== Heraldic achievement (coat of arms) ==
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| year_adopted =
| year_adopted =
| coronet =A [[Coronet|Coronet of a Marquess]]
| coronet =A [[Coronet|Coronet of a Marquess]]
| crests =Centre: A Demi-Lion rampant Gules, armed and langued Azure (for Stuart); Dexter: A Dragon Vert, langued and crowned with an open Crown of four strawberry leaves Or (for Crichton); Sinister: A Wyvern proper, holding in the mouth a sinister Hand couped Gules (for the Lordship & Fife of Cardiff).<ref name="H.G. Bohn">{{cite book|last1=Burke|first1=John|last2=Burke|first2=Bernard|title=Encyclopaedia of Heraldry: Or General Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms|date=1851|publisher=H.G. Bohn|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk/page/989 989]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk|access-date=13 October 2016|language=en}}</ref>
| crests =Centre: A Demi-Lion rampant Gules, armed and langued Azure (for Stuart); Dexter: A Dragon Vert, langued and crowned with an open Crown of four strawberry leaves Or (for Crichton); Sinister: A Wyvern proper, holding in the mouth a sinister Hand couped Gules (for the Lordship & Fife of Cardiff).<ref name="H.G. Bohn">{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk |title=Encyclopaedia of Heraldry: Or General Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms |last2=Burke |first2=Bernard |date=1851 |publisher=H.G. Bohn |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk/page/989 989] |language=en |access-date=13 October 2016}}</ref>
| torse =
| torse =
| helm =
| helm =
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Over the sinister Crest: '''Avito viret honore''' (To flourish in an honourable ancestry)
Over the sinister Crest: '''Avito viret honore''' (To flourish in an honourable ancestry)
| orders =
| orders =
| other_elements =Behind the shield placed in saltire, a Key Or, having within its handle a Fess chequy Azure and Argent, and a Rod Gules, surmounted with a Tower Argent, masoned Sable, conically capped loopholes and port Gules (being the Insignia of the Office of the Heredity Keeper of Rothesay Castle).<ref name="H.G. Bohn">{{cite book|last1=Burke|first1=John|last2=Burke|first2=Bernard|title=Encyclopaedia of Heraldry: Or General Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms|date=1851|publisher=H.G. Bohn|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk/page/989 989]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk|access-date=13 October 2016|language=en}}</ref>
| other_elements =Behind the shield placed in saltire, a Key Or, having within its handle a Fess chequy Azure and Argent, and a Rod Gules, surmounted with a Tower Argent, masoned Sable, conically capped loopholes and port Gules (being the Insignia of the Office of the Hereditary Keeper of Rothesay Castle).<ref name="H.G. Bohn">{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=John |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk |title=Encyclopaedia of Heraldry: Or General Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms |last2=Burke |first2=Bernard |date=1851 |publisher=H.G. Bohn |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopdiaofher00burk/page/989 989] |language=en |access-date=13 October 2016}}</ref>


| bannerimage =
| bannerimage =
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===Mount Stuart House===
===Mount Stuart House===
[[Mount Stuart House]] is the seat of the family of the Stuarts of Bute, on land which has been in the family since 1157, on the [[Isle of Bute]].
[[Mount Stuart House]] is the seat of the family of the Stuarts of Bute, on land which has been in the family since 1157, on the [[Isle of Bute]].
[[James Stuart, 2nd Earl of Bute]], built a new Georgian house here which was finished in 1719. In 1877, this was damaged by fire, although the walls and most of the contents survived the blaze. A new Victorian Mount Stuart House was then built<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.mountstuart.com/house| website=Mountstuart.com | title=House}}</ref> and was the first in Scotland to have electric lighting throughout, as well as having the world's first heated pool.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/building_full.php?id=200194|title=DSA Building/Design Report: Mount Stuart|publisher=Dictionary of Scottish Architects|access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref>
[[James Stuart, 2nd Earl of Bute]], built a new Georgian house here which was finished in 1719. In 1877, this was damaged by fire, although the walls and most of the contents survived the blaze. A new Victorian Mount Stuart House was then built<ref>{{Cite web |title=House |url=https://www.mountstuart.com/house |website=Mountstuart.com}}</ref> and was the first in Scotland to have electric lighting throughout, as well as having the world's first heated pool.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DSA Building/Design Report: Mount Stuart |url=http://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/building_full.php?id=200194 |access-date=23 December 2014 |publisher=Dictionary of Scottish Architects}}</ref>


Although Mount Stuart House is the family seat of the marquesses of Bute, the Mount Stuart Trust has operated it as a business since 1989.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.mountstuart.com/house/power-of-imagination|website=mountstuart.com| title= Our story}}</ref>
Although Mount Stuart House is the family seat of the Marquesses of Bute, the Mount Stuart Trust has operated it as a business since 1989.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our story |url=https://www.mountstuart.com/house/power-of-imagination |website=mountstuart.com}}</ref>


==Former seats==
==Former seats==
===Dumfries House===
===Dumfries House===
In 1814, [[Dumfries House]], near [[Cumnock]], [[East Ayrshire]], was inherited by [[John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute]], and the property remained in the Crichton-Stuart family for two centuries.<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=GDL00149|desc=DUMFRIES HOUSE|access-date=30 December 2018|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> In 1885, the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|3rd Marquess of Bute]] commissioned [[Robert Weir Schultz]] to design the pavilions.<ref name="close">Close, Rob (1992) ''Ayrshire and Arran: An Illustrated Architectural Guide'', RIAS, pp.140-141</ref> The heads of the Crichton-Stuart family had their main residence at [[Mount Stuart House]] on the [[Isle of Bute]]. In the later 20th century, the house was lived in by the [[Dowager]] Marchioness of Bute, Lady Eileen, until her death in 1993.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1555879/Charles-saves-Dumfries-House-at-11th-hour.html |title=Charles saves Dumfries House at 11th hour |author=Auslan Cramb |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=2007-06-28 |access-date=2007-06-28 | location=London}}</ref> The [[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute|6th Marquess]] died a few months later, and the house passed to her grandson the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute|7th Marquess]], the racing driver known as John Bute.<ref>{{cite news | url =https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/8533968/Dumfries-House-a-Sleeping-Beauty-brought-back-to-life-by-the-Prince-of-Wales.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110530002701/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/8533968/Dumfries-House-a-Sleeping-Beauty-brought-back-to-life-by-the-Prince-of-Wales.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 30 May 2011 | title = Dumfries House: a Sleeping Beauty brought back to life by the Prince of Wales | first = Annabel | last = Freyberg | work = The Telegraph | date = 27 May 2011}}</ref>
In 1814, [[Dumfries House]], near [[Cumnock]], [[East Ayrshire]], was inherited by [[John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute]], and the property remained in the Crichton-Stuart family for two centuries.<ref>{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=GDL00149|desc=DUMFRIES HOUSE|access-date=30 December 2018|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> In 1885, the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|3rd Marquess of Bute]] commissioned [[Robert Weir Schultz]] to design the pavilions.<ref name="close">Close, Rob (1992) ''Ayrshire and Arran: An Illustrated Architectural Guide'', RIAS, pp.140-141</ref> The heads of the Crichton-Stuart family had their main residence at [[Mount Stuart House]] on the [[Isle of Bute]]. In the later 20th century, the house was lived in by the [[Dowager]] Marchioness of Bute, Lady Eileen, until her death in 1993.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Auslan Cramb |date=2007-06-28 |title=Charles saves Dumfries House at 11th hour |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1555879/Charles-saves-Dumfries-House-at-11th-hour.html |access-date=2007-06-28}}</ref> The [[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute|6th Marquess]] died a few months later, and the house passed to her grandson the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute|7th Marquess]], the racing driver known as John Bute.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Freyberg |first=Annabel |date=27 May 2011 |title=Dumfries House: a Sleeping Beauty brought back to life by the Prince of Wales |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/8533968/Dumfries-House-a-Sleeping-Beauty-brought-back-to-life-by-the-Prince-of-Wales.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530002701/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/8533968/Dumfries-House-a-Sleeping-Beauty-brought-back-to-life-by-the-Prince-of-Wales.html |archive-date=30 May 2011}}</ref>


Because of maintenance problems, in 2003 the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute|7th Marquess]] decided to sell Dumfries House and to send the contents to auction. However, the [[Charles III|Prince of Wales]] was able to arrange for the sale of the house, its contents, and its 2000-acre estate to a consortium of organisations, including the Scottish government, the Art Fund, the [[Garfield Weston Foundation]], the Monument Trust, the [[National Heritage Memorial Fund]], and [[Save Britain's Heritage]]. The Prince's Charities Foundation borrowed much of the £45m total sale price.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://dumfries-house.org.uk/| website=Dumfries-house.org.uk| title=Dumfries house}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| work=BBC News| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/6244662.stm| title=Historic mansion sold to nation| date=27 June 2007| access-date=2015-01-11}}</ref>
Because of maintenance problems, in 2003 the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute|7th Marquess]] decided to sell Dumfries House and to send the contents to auction. However, [[Charles III|Charles III, (then)-Prince of Wales]] was able to arrange for the sale of the house, its contents, and its 2000-acre estate to a consortium of organisations, including the Scottish government, the Art Fund, the [[Garfield Weston Foundation]], the Monument Trust, the [[National Heritage Memorial Fund]], and [[Save Britain's Heritage]]. The Prince's Charities Foundation borrowed much of the £45m total sale price.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dumfries house |url=https://dumfries-house.org.uk/ |website=Dumfries-house.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 June 2007 |title=Historic mansion sold to nation |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/6244662.stm |access-date=2015-01-11}}</ref>


===Cardiff Castle===
===Cardiff Castle===
The [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|3rd Marquess]] worked with the architect [[William Burges#Partnership with the Marquess of Bute|William Burges]] in creating two Gothic revival castles in south Wales. The [[Work of William Burges at Cardiff Castle]]<ref name="Cardiff">{{cite web| url=https://www.cardiffcastle.com/history/| website=cardiffcastle.com| title=history}}</ref> has been remodeled from the original [[Cardiff Roman Fort|Roman fort]] and the later Norman [[Motte-and-bailey castle|motte-and-bailey]]; it has since passed through the hands of many noble families until in 1766, it passed by marriage to the Bute family.
The [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|3rd Marquess]] worked with the architect [[William Burges#Partnership with the Marquess of Bute|William Burges]] in creating two Gothic revival castles in south Wales. The [[Work of William Burges at Cardiff Castle]]<ref name="Cardiff">{{Cite web |title=history |url=https://www.cardiffcastle.com/history/ |website=cardiffcastle.com}}</ref> has been remodeled from the original [[Cardiff Roman Fort|Roman fort]] and the later Norman [[Motte-and-bailey castle|motte-and-bailey]]; it has since passed through the hands of many noble families until in 1766, it passed by marriage to the Bute family.
The 2nd Marquess of Bute was key in developing south Wales into one of the biggest coal exporters in its time by developing the port and Cardiff docks. Cardiff castle was inherited by his son John, the 3rd Marquess of Bute, who was extremely wealthy.<ref name="Cardiff"/> The project begun in 1866 with the architect William Burges who transformed the castle grounds. Within the two towers one of which is a clock, he also designed expert interiors, with murals, stained glass, marble, gilding and elaborate wood carvings. The rooms included are the Mediterranean gardens and Italian, then also Arabian winter smoking room within the Herbert tower.
The 2nd Marquess of Bute was key in developing south Wales into one of the biggest coal exporters in its time by developing the port and Cardiff docks. Cardiff castle was inherited by his son John, the 3rd Marquess of Bute, who was extremely wealthy.<ref name="Cardiff" /> The project begun in 1866 with the architect William Burges who transformed the castle grounds. Within the two towers one of which is a clock, he also designed expert interiors, with murals, stained glass, marble, gilding and elaborate wood carvings. The rooms included are the Mediterranean gardens and Italian, then also Arabian winter smoking room within the Herbert tower.
Despite both previous Marquess' dying in their 50's, the project was completed by the 4th Marquess. Then after death of the 4th Marquess of Bute, the family gave away the castle and its surrounding parks to city of Cardiff. For a quarter of a century, the Castle was leased by the National College of Music and Drama, and since 1974 Cardiff Castle has become one of Wales’s most popular tourist destinations.<ref name="Cardiff"/>
Despite both previous Marquesses dying in their 50's, the project was completed by the 4th Marquess. Then after death of the 4th Marquess of Bute, the family gave away the castle and its surrounding parks to city of Cardiff. For a quarter of a century, the Castle was leased by the National College of Music and Drama, and since 1974 Cardiff Castle has become one of Wales’s most popular tourist destinations.<ref name="Cardiff" />


===Castell Coch===
===Castell Coch===
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The 3rd Marquess of Bute, another [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|John Crichton-Stuart]], inherited [[Castell Coch]] and the family estates as a child in 1848.{{sfn|Hannah|2012|p=4}}{{sfn|McLees|2005|p=14}} On his coming of age, Bute's landed estates and industrial inheritance made him one of the wealthiest men in the world.{{sfn|Crook|2013|p=231}} He had a wide range of interests including archaeology, theology, linguistics and history.{{sfn|Crook|2013|p=231}} In 1850 the antiquarian [[G. T. Clark|George Clark]] surveyed Castell Coch and published his findings, the first major scholarly work about the castle.
The 3rd Marquess of Bute, another [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|John Crichton-Stuart]], inherited [[Castell Coch]] and the family estates as a child in 1848.{{sfn|Hannah|2012|p=4}}{{sfn|McLees|2005|p=14}} On his coming of age, Bute's landed estates and industrial inheritance made him one of the wealthiest men in the world.{{sfn|Crook|2013|p=231}} He had a wide range of interests including archaeology, theology, linguistics and history.{{sfn|Crook|2013|p=231}} In 1850 the antiquarian [[G. T. Clark|George Clark]] surveyed Castell Coch and published his findings, the first major scholarly work about the castle.
Castell Coch<ref>{{cite web| url=https://cadw.gov.wales/visit/places-to-visit/castell-coch| website=Cadw.gov.wales| title=Castell Coch}}</ref> has been used for over 700 years, the previous owner were the [[de Clare|De Clare Family]]. The castle was rarely used and given to the British government by the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 5th Marquess of Bute|5th Marquess]] in 1950.
Castell Coch<ref>{{Cite web |title=Castell Coch |url=https://cadw.gov.wales/visit/places-to-visit/castell-coch |website=Cadw.gov.wales}}</ref> has been used for over 700 years, the previous owner were the [[de Clare|De Clare Family]]. The castle was rarely used and given to the British government by the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 5th Marquess of Bute|5th Marquess]] in 1950.


==Stuart Baronets of Bute (1627)==
==Stuart Baronets of Bute (1627)==
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==Present peer==
==Present peer==
John Bryson Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute (born 21 December 1989) is the son of the 7th Marquess and his wife Carolyn E. R. M. Waddell. He was styled as Lord Mount Stuart from 1993.<ref name=BP2003>''[[Burke's Peerage]]'', volume 1 (2003), p. 601</ref>
John Bryson Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute (born 21 December 1989) is the son of the 7th Marquess and his wife Carolyn E. R. M. Waddell. He was styled as Lord Mount Stuart from 1993.<ref name="BP2003">''[[Burke's Peerage]]'', volume 1 (2003), p. 601</ref>


On 22 March 2021 he succeeded his father as Marquess of Bute (G.B., 1796), Earl of Dumfries (S., 1633), Earl of Bute (S., 1703), Earl of Windsor (G.B., 1796), Viscount Air (S., 1622), Viscount Kingarth (S., 1703), Viscount Mountjoy (G.B., 1796), Lord Crichton of Sanquhar (S., 1488), Lord of Sanquhar (S., 1622), Lord Crichton of Sanquhar and Cumnock (S., 1633), Lord Mountstuart, Cumra and Inchmarnock (S., 1703), Baron Mount Stuart of Wortley (G.B., 1761), and Baron Cardiff of Cardiff Castle (G.B., 1776).
On 22 March 2021 he succeeded his father as Marquess of Bute (G.B., 1796), Earl of Dumfries (S., 1633), Earl of Bute (S., 1703), Earl of Windsor (G.B., 1796), Viscount Ayr (S., 1622), Viscount Kingarth (S., 1703), Viscount Mountjoy (G.B., 1796), Lord Crichton of Sanquhar (S., 1488), Lord of Sanquhar (S., 1622), Lord Crichton of Sanquhar and Cumnock (S., 1633), Lord Mountstuart, Cumra and Inchmarnock (S., 1703), Baron Mount Stuart of Wortley (G.B., 1761), and Baron Cardiff of Cardiff Castle (G.B., 1776).
He also became the 14th Stuart [[baronet]] in the [[baronetage of Nova Scotia]] (1627).<ref name=DP/>
He also became the 14th Stuart [[baronet]] in the [[baronetage of Nova Scotia]] (1627).<ref name=DP/>


Line 161: Line 163:
*******''Lord Robert Crichton-Stuart (1909–1976)''
*******''Lord Robert Crichton-Stuart (1909–1976)''
********''Henry Colum Crichton-Stuart (1938–2019)''
********''Henry Colum Crichton-Stuart (1938–2019)''
*********male issue in succession
*********male issue and descendants in remainder
*******''Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart (1913–1956)''
*******''Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart (1913–1956)''
********''Charles Patrick Colum Henry Crichton-Stuart (1939–2001)''
********''Charles Patrick Colum Henry Crichton-Stuart (1939–2001)''
*********male issue in succession
*********male issue and descendants in remainder
*******''[[Lord Rhidian Crichton-Stuart]] (1917–1969)''
*******''[[Lord Rhidian Crichton-Stuart]] (1917–1969)''
********''Frederick John Patrick Crichton-Stuart (1940–2011)''
********''Frederick John Patrick Crichton-Stuart (1940–2011)''
*********male issue in succession
*********male issue and descendants in remainder
******''[[Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart]] (1883–1915)''
******''[[Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart]] (1883–1915)''
*******''Michael Duncan David Crichton-Stuart (1915–1981)''
*******''Michael Duncan David Crichton-Stuart (1915–1981)''
********[[Ninian Stuart]] (b. 1957)
********[[Ninian Stuart]] (b. 1957)
*********male issue in succession
*********male issue and descendants in remainder
****''[[Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart]] (1794–1859)''
****''[[Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart]] (1794–1859)''
*****''[[James Crichton-Stuart]] (1824–1891)''
*****''[[James Crichton-Stuart]] (1824–1891)''
******''Patrick James Crichton-Stuart (1868–1935)''
******''Patrick James Crichton-Stuart (1868–1935)''
*******''Patrick Dudley Crichton-Stuart (1909–1978)''
*******''Patrick Dudley Crichton-Stuart (1909–1978)''
********male issue in succession
********male issue and descendants in remainder
***''Lord Henry Stuart (1777–1809)''
***''Lord Henry Stuart (1777–1809)''
****''William Villiers-Stuart (1804–1873)''
****''[[William Villiers-Stuart]] (1804–1873)''
*****''Henry John Richard Villiers-Stuart (1837–1914)''
*****''Henry John Richard Villiers-Stuart (1837–1914)''
******''John Patrick Villiers-Stuart (1879–1958)''
******''John Patrick Villiers-Stuart (1879–1958)''
*******''John Michael Villiers-Stuart (1927–1986)''
*******''John Michael Villiers-Stuart (1927–1986)''
********male issue in succession
********male issue and descendants in remainder
***''[[Lord George Stuart]] (1780–1841)''
***''[[Lord George Stuart]] (1780–1841)''
**''[[James Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie]] (1747–1818)''
**''[[James Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie]] (1747–1818)''
***''line of [[Earl of Wharncliffe|Barons and Earls of Wharncliffe]]''
***''line of [[Earl of Wharncliffe|Barons and Earls of Wharncliffe]]''
{{tree list/end}}
{{tree list/end}}
<ref>{{cite book |year=1999 |chapter=Bute |editor1-last=Mosley |editor1-first=Charles |title=Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage|volume=1 |edition=106th |location=Crans, Switzerland |publisher=Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. |publication-date= |pages=437–446|no-pp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn=2-940085-02-1}}</ref><ref name=DP>{{cite book |year=2019|chapter=Bute |editor1-last=Morris |editor1-first=Susan |editor2-last=Bosberry-Scott |editor2-first=Wendy |editor3-last=Belfield |editor3-first=Gervase |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage|volume=1 |edition=150th |location=London |publisher=Debrett's Ltd. |publication-date=|pages=724–737 |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn=978-1-999767-0-5-1}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite book |title=Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage |publisher=Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. |year=1999 |isbn=2-940085-02-1 |editor-last=Mosley |editor-first=Charles |edition=106th |volume=1 |location=Crans, Switzerland |pages=437–446 |chapter=Bute}}</ref><ref name="DP">{{Cite book |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage |publisher=Debrett's Ltd. |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-999767-0-5-1 |editor-last=Morris |editor-first=Susan |edition=150th |volume=1 |location=London |pages=724–737 |chapter=Bute |editor-last2=Bosberry-Scott |editor-first2=Wendy |editor-last3=Belfield |editor-first3=Gervase}}</ref>
{{collapse bottom}}
{{collapse bottom}}


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==Family tree==
==Family tree==
{{Earls of Bute family tree}}
{{chart/start| summary=Boxes and lines diagram with 25 boxes}}
{{chart |border=1| BT1 | | | | | | | | | | E1 |BT1=''Sir'' James Stuart<br>'''1st Baronet'''<br>(died 1662)|E1=William Crichton<br>'''1st Earl of Dumfries'''<br>(1578–1643)}}
{{chart |border=1| |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart |border=1| BT2 | | | | | | | | | | E2 |BT2=''Sir'' Dugald Stuart<br>'''2nd Baronet'''<br>(died 1670)|E2=[[William Crichton, 2nd Earl of Dumfries|William Crichton<br>'''2nd Earl of Dumfries''']]<br>(1598–1691)}}
{{chart |border=1| |!| | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart |border=1| EB1 | | ES | | | | | | S2 |EB1=[[James Stuart, 1st Earl of Bute|James Stuart<br>'''1st Earl of Bute''']]<br>(died 1710)|ES=[[John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair|John Dalrymple<br>'''1st Earl of Stair''']]<br>(1648–1706/7)|S2=The Hon. Charles Chricton<br>''Lord Crichton''}}
{{chart |border=1| |!| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|(| }}
{{chart |border=1| EB2 | | H4 |y| E4 | | E3 |EB2=[[James Stuart, 2nd Earl of Bute|James Stuart<br>'''2nd Earl of Bute''']]<br>(died 1722/3)|H4=Honourable<br>William Dalrymple<br>''of Glenmure''<br>(died 1744)|E4=Penelope Crichton<br>''suo jure''<br>'''4th Countess of Dumfries'''<br>(died 1741/2)|E3=William Crichton<br>'''3rd Earl of Dumfries'''<br>(died 1694)}}
{{chart |border=1| |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | }}
{{chart |border=1| B3 | | S5 | | E5 | | | | |B3=[[John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute|John Stuart<br>'''3rd Earl of Bute''']]<br>(1713–1792)|S5=Lady<br>Elizabeth Daylrymple|E5=[[William Dalrymple-Crichton, 5th Earl of Dumfries, 4th Earl of Stair|William Dalrymple-Crichton<br>'''5th Earl of Dumfries''']]<br>4th Earl of Stair<br>(1699–1768)}}
{{chart |border=1| |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}
{{chart |border=1| MB | | E6 | | | | | | | | |MB=[[John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute|John Stuart<br>'''1st Marquess of Bute''']]<br>(1744–1814)|E6=[[Patrick McDouall, 6th Earl of Dumfries|Patrick<br>McDouall-Crichton<br>'''6th Earl of Dumfries''']]<br>(1726–1803)}}
{{chart |border=1| |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}
{{chart |border=1| H6 |y| D6 | | | | | | | | |H6=[[John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart|Honourable<br>John Stuart<br>''Viscount Mount Stuart'']]<br>(1767–1794)|D6=Lady<br>Elizabeth Penelope<br>McDouall-Crichton<br>(1772–1797)}}
{{chart |border=1| | | |`|-|.| | | | | | | | | }}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | E7 | | | | | | | | |E7=[[John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute|John Crichton-Stuart<br>'''2nd Marquess of Bute'''<br>'''7th Earl of Dumfries''']]<br>(1793–1848)}}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | M3 | | | | | | | | |M3=[[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|John Patrick Crichton-Stuart<br>'''3rd Marquess of Bute'''<br>'''8th Earl of Dumfries''']]<br>(1847–1900)}}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | M4 | | | | | | | | |M4=[[John Crichton-Stuart, 4th Marquess of Bute|John Patrick Crichton-Stuart<br>'''4th Marquess of Bute'''<br>'''9th Earl of Dumfries''']]<br>(1881–1947)}}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | M5 | | | | | | | | |M5=[[John Crichton-Stuart, 5th Marquess of Bute|John Crichton-Stuart<br>'''5th Marquess of Bute'''<br>'''10th Earl of Dumfries''']]<br>(1907–1956)}}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | M6 | | | | | | | | |M6=[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute|John Crichton-Stuart<br>'''6th Marquess of Bute'''<br>'''11th Earl of Dumfries''']]<br>(1933–1993)}}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | M7 | | | | | | | | |M7=[[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute|John Colum Crichton-Stuart<br>'''7th Marquess of Bute'''<br>'''12th Earl of Dumfries''']]<br>(1958–2021)}}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | }}
{{chart |border=1| | | | | M8 | | | | | | | | |M8=John Bryson Crichton-Stuart<br>'''8th Marquess of Bute'''<br>'''13th Earl of Dumfries'''<br>(born 1989)}}
{{chart/end}}


==See also==
==See also==
Line 239: Line 213:


===Sources===
===Sources===
*{{cite book |last=Kidd |first=Charles |date=1903 |title=Debrett's peerage, baronetage, knightage, and companionage |url=https://archive.org/details/b24883797/page/184 |location=London |publisher=London: Dean & son, limited | page=184}}
*{{Cite book |last=Kidd |first=Charles |url=https://archive.org/details/b24883797/page/184 |title=Debrett's peerage, baronetage, knightage, and companionage |date=1903 |publisher=London: Dean & son, limited |location=London |page=184}}
*{{cite book |last=Hesilrige |first=Arthur G. M. |date=1921| title=Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy| url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeeraget00unse/page/155 | location=London |publisher=London: Dean & son, limited|page=155}}
*{{Cite book |last=Hesilrige |first=Arthur G. M. |url=https://archive.org/details/debrettspeeraget00unse/page/155 |title=Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy |date=1921 |publisher=London: Dean & son, limited |location=London |page=155}}
* {{Cite book |last=McLees |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8PxYAAAACAAJ&q=Castell+Coch+David+McLees |title=Castell Coch |publisher=[[Cadw]] |year=2005 |isbn=9781857602104 |edition=Revised |location=Cardiff, UK |orig-year=1998}}
* {{cite book
* {{Cite book |last=Hannah |first=Rosemary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oqfUXwAACAAJ |title=The Grand Designer: Third Marquess of Bute |publisher=Birlinn |year=2012 |isbn=9781780270272 |location=Edinburgh, UK}}
|last = McLees
* {{Cite book |last=Crook |first=J. Mordaunt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W1JruwAACAAJ&q=William+Burges+and+the+High+Victorian+Dream |title=William Burges and the High Victorian Dream |publisher=Francis Lincoln |year=2013 |isbn=9780711233492 |location=London, UK |author-link=J. Mordaunt Crook}}
|first = David
* {{Cite book |last=Davies |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPYgAAAAMAAJ&q=Cardiff+and+the+Marquesses+of+Bute |title=Cardiff and the Marquesses of Bute |publisher=University of Wales Press |year=1981 |isbn=9780708324639 |location=Cardiff, UK}}
|title = Castell Coch
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8PxYAAAACAAJ&q=Castell+Coch+David+McLees
|year = 2005
|orig-year = 1998
|edition = Revised
|publisher = [[Cadw]]
|location = Cardiff, UK
|isbn = 9781857602104
}}
* {{cite book
| last = Hannah
| first = Rosemary
| year = 2012
| title = The Grand Designer: Third Marquess of Bute
| publisher = Birlinn
| location = Edinburgh, UK
| isbn = 9781780270272
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=oqfUXwAACAAJ
}}
* {{cite book
| author-link = J. Mordaunt Crook
| last = Crook
| first = J. Mordaunt
| title = William Burges and the High Victorian Dream
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=W1JruwAACAAJ&q=William+Burges+and+the+High+Victorian+Dream
| year = 2013
| publisher = Francis Lincoln
| location = London, UK
| isbn = 9780711233492
}}
* {{cite book
| last=Davies
| first=John
| year=1981
| title=Cardiff and the Marquesses of Bute
| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPYgAAAAMAAJ&q=Cardiff+and+the+Marquesses+of+Bute
| publisher=University of Wales Press
| location=Cardiff, UK
| isbn=9780708324639
}}


{{Extant British marquesses}}
{{Extant British marquesses}}
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[[Category:Marquessates in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Marquessates in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:History of Cardiff]]
[[Category:History of Cardiff]]
[[Category:Lists of nobility]]
[[Category:Stuart of Bute family|*]]
[[Category:Stuart of Bute family|*]]
[[Category:Marquesses of Bute|*]]
[[Category:Marquesses of Bute|*]]

Latest revision as of 18:32, 17 September 2024

"Earl of Windsor" and "Earl of Bute" redirect here. For the British prime minister, see John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute.

Marquessate of the County of Bute

Arms of the Marquess of Bute: Quarterly, 1st & 4th, Or, a Fess chequy Azure and Argent within a Double-Tressure flory counterflory Gules (for Stuart); 2nd & 3rd,, Argent a Lion rampant Azure (for Crichton).[1]
Creation date2 February 1796
Created byKing George III
PeeragePeerage of Great Britain
First holderJohn Stuart, 4th Earl of Bute
Present holderJohn Bryson Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute
Heir presumptiveLord Anthony Crichton-Stuart
Remainder tothe 1st Marquess's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Subsidiary titlesLord Mount Stuart; Baron Cardiff; Viscount of Kingarth; Viscount Mountjoy; Earl of Bute; Earl of Windsor; Earl of Dumfries
StatusExtant
Seat(s)Mount Stuart House
Former seat(s)Cardiff Castle, Dumfries House, Castell Coch, House of Falkland, Luton Hoo
MottoOver the centre Crest:
NOBILIS EST IRA LEONIS (The wrath of the lion is noble)
Over the dexter Crest:
GOD SEND GRACE
Over the sinister Crest:
Avito viret honore (He flourishes in ancestral honour)
Currently the Earldom of Dumfries resides with the Marquesses of Bute. However, it can be inherited through the female line through an amendment to its original creation, and the title could be separated from the Marquessate of Bute should heirs presumptive to the titles of Bute and Dumfries, being male and female respectively, inherit.

Marquess of the County of Bute, shortened in general usage to Marquess of Bute,[2] is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1796 for John Stuart, 4th Earl of Bute.

Family history

[edit]

John Stuart was the member of a family that descended from John Stewart (1360–1449), Sheriff of Bute, a natural son of Robert II of Scotland and his mistress Moira Leitch, married to Janet Sympil and in 1407 to Elizabeth Graham. This John Stewart was granted the lands of Bute, Arran and Cumbrae by his father. He was known as the 'Black Stewart' because of his dark complexion; his brother John Stewart of Dundonald was known as the 'Red Stewart'. The grant of lands was confirmed in 1400 by a charter of Robert III.[3][4]

About 1385, John Stewart of Bute was granted the hereditary office of Sheriff of Bute by his father Robert II. He died in 1449, aged 89.[5][6] At about the time of Mary, Queen of Scots, the family adopted the spelling of 'Stuart', which she had used while living in France.[3] James Stuart, seventh in descent from the Black Stewart, was created a Baronet, of Bute, in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia on 28 March 1627. His grandson, the third Baronet, represented Bute in the Parliament of Scotland and was one of the Commissioners that negotiated the Union between Scotland and England. On 14 April 1703, he was raised to the Peerage of Scotland as Earl of Bute, Viscount of Kingarth, and Lord Mount Stuart, Cumra and Inchmarnock. He was succeeded by his son, the 2nd Earl of Bute and 4th Baronet, who sat in the House of Lords as a Scottish representative peer and served as Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire. On his early death, the titles passed to his son, the third Earl. He became a politician and favourite of George III and served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1762 to 1763. Lord Bute married Mary, a daughter of Edward Wortley Montagu and his wife the writer Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. In 1761, Lord Bute's wife Mary was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain in her own right as Baroness Mount Stuart, of Wortley in the County of York, with remainder to the heirs male of her body by her then husband Lord Bute. Her son became the first Marquess of Bute, whose eldest son and heir John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart (who predeceased his father) married Lady Elizabeth Penelope, daughter and heiress of Patrick McDouall-Crichton, 6th Earl of Dumfries. Lord Mount Stuart's eldest son John succeeded his maternal grandfather as seventh Earl of Dumfries in 1803, and his paternal grandfather as second Marquess of Bute in 1814. In 1805, he assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Crichton before Stuart. He was succeeded by his only child, the third Marquess. He was an antiquarian, scholar, philanthropist and architectural patron and also held the post of Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire. It was the 3rd Marquess who in 1868 first converted to Catholicism,[7] since which time the family have remained of that faith. His son the fourth Marquess was also Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire. His grandson, John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute, succeeded his father and was Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire from 1967 to 1975. As of 2021, the peerages are held by the latter's grandson, John Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute.

This chest is on display at the Colintraive Hotel in Colintraive, Argyll and Bute

Bute family titles

[edit]

The Marquesses of Bute have important ancestors not only in Scotland but also in Wales, including the first Lord Herbert of Cardiff, son and heir of Richard Herbert of Ewyas. He was also created Earl of Pembroke.[2] After the Stuart Restoration, most of the Herbert family property was sold, and the rest was owned by Thomas, Viscount Windsor, who married Charlotte, the only child of Philip Herbert, 7th Earl of Pembroke. In 1766, Viscount Windsor's granddaughter, Charlotte Jane, was married to John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart (1744-1814), the son and heir of the 3rd Earl of Bute, prime minister from 1762 to 1763,[2] and through this marriage great estates in south Wales came into the Bute family. In 1776, sixteen years before he succeeded his father as Earl of Bute, he was raised to the Peerage of Great Britain in his own right as Baron Cardiff, of Cardiff Castle in the County of Glamorgan, in recognition of his substantial Welsh estates. In 1796, he was further honoured when he was created Earl of Windsor and Viscount Mountjoy, in the Isle of Wight, revivals of the titles once held by his wife's family, and Marquess of Bute. These titles are also in the Peerage of Great Britain.

Other offices and duties

[edit]

The marquess of Bute is the hereditary keeper of Rothesay Castle, a privilege granted to the ancestor of the Earls and Marquesses of Bute, John Stewart, by Robert II during the 14th century. In this capacity, the Crichton-Stuart family had been responsible for the upkeep and restoration of the castle up until the 1960s.[8][9]

This branch of the Stewart (also Stuart) family previously held the office of Hereditary High Steward of Scotland, an office now held by the duke of Rothesay, in his capacity as a direct descendant of the House of Stuart.

Other family members

[edit]

Many other members of the family have gained distinction. Robert Stuart, a younger son of the first Baronet, was created a Baronet in his own right in 1707. The Hon. James Stuart-Mackenzie, a younger son of the second Earl, succeeded to the Mackenzie estates through his paternal grandmother and assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Mackenzie. He was a member of parliament. The Hon. James Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, second son of the third Earl, was a politician and the father of James Stuart-Wortley, 1st Baron Wharncliffe. Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Stuart, fourth son of the third Earl, was a distinguished soldier and the father of Charles Stuart, 1st Baron Stuart de Rothesay. The Most Reverend the Hon. William Stuart, fifth son of the third Earl, was Archbishop of Armagh. His son Sir William Stuart was a member of parliament. His eldest son William Stuart also sat as a member of parliament. Lady Louisa Stuart, daughter of the third Earl, was a writer. Lord Evelyn Stuart, second son of the first Marquess, was a soldier and politician. Lord Henry Crichton-Stuart, third son of the first Marquess, was the father of Henry Villiers-Stuart, 1st Baron Stuart de Decies (see the Baron Stuart de Decies for more information on this branch of the family).

Lord William Stuart, fourth son of the first Marquess, was a captain in the Royal Navy and Member of Parliament. Lord George Stuart (1780–1841), fifth son of the first Marquess, was a rear-admiral in the Royal Navy. Lord Dudley Stuart, sixth son of the first Marquess (and eldest from his second marriage), was a member of parliament. Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart, second son of Lord Mount Stuart, eldest son of the first Marquess, was Member of Parliament for Cardiff. His eldest son James Crichton-Stuart also represented this constituency in Parliament. Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart, second son of the third Marquess, was also Member of Parliament for Cardiff before his early death in the First World War. Lord Colum Crichton-Stuart, third and youngest son of the third Marquess, sat as Member of Parliament for Northwich for many years. Lord Robert Crichton-Stuart Crichton-Stuart, second son of the fourth Marquess, was Lord-Lieutenant of Buteshire. Lord Rhidian Crichton-Stuart, fifth and youngest son of the fourth Marquess, was a British member of the International Legislative Assembly of the Tangier International Zone.

The Earls and Marquesses of Bute originally used the courtesy title Lord Mount Stuart for the heir apparent. After the Earldom of Dumfries was inherited by the second Marquess, the heir apparent has been styled Earl of Dumfries and his heir apparent is styled Lord Mount Stuart. However, the current Marquess John Bryson Crichton-Stuart was styled as Lord Mount Stuart for some years after his father inherited the marquessate in 1993. This was because his father was well known at the time as Johnny Dumfries, Earl of Dumfries. Subsequently, the seventh Marquess became known as John or Johnny Bute and his heir adopted Jack Dumfries for short.

Heraldic achievement (coat of arms)

[edit]
Coat of arms of the Marquess of Bute
Coronet
A Coronet of a Marquess
Escutcheon
Quarterly, 1st & 4th, Or, a Fess chequy Azure and Argent within a Double-Tressure flory counterflory Gules (for Stuart); 2nd & 3rd,, Argent a Lion rampant Azure (for Crichton).
Supporters
Dexter: A Stag proper, attired and gorged with an Earl's Coronet Or, having therefrom a chain reflexed over the back Gules; Sinister: A Horse Argent, bridled Gules.
Motto
Over the centre Crest: NOBILIS EST IRA LEONIS (The wrath of the lion is noble),

Over the dexter Crest: GOD SEND GRACE, Over the sinister Crest: Avito viret honore (To flourish in an honourable ancestry)

Other elements
Behind the shield placed in saltire, a Key Or, having within its handle a Fess chequy Azure and Argent, and a Rod Gules, surmounted with a Tower Argent, masoned Sable, conically capped loopholes and port Gules (being the Insignia of the Office of the Hereditary Keeper of Rothesay Castle).[1]

Seat

[edit]
West front, showing one of the wings surviving from the previous house

Mount Stuart House

[edit]

Mount Stuart House is the seat of the family of the Stuarts of Bute, on land which has been in the family since 1157, on the Isle of Bute. James Stuart, 2nd Earl of Bute, built a new Georgian house here which was finished in 1719. In 1877, this was damaged by fire, although the walls and most of the contents survived the blaze. A new Victorian Mount Stuart House was then built[10] and was the first in Scotland to have electric lighting throughout, as well as having the world's first heated pool.[11]

Although Mount Stuart House is the family seat of the Marquesses of Bute, the Mount Stuart Trust has operated it as a business since 1989.[12]

Former seats

[edit]

Dumfries House

[edit]

In 1814, Dumfries House, near Cumnock, East Ayrshire, was inherited by John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute, and the property remained in the Crichton-Stuart family for two centuries.[13] In 1885, the 3rd Marquess of Bute commissioned Robert Weir Schultz to design the pavilions.[14] The heads of the Crichton-Stuart family had their main residence at Mount Stuart House on the Isle of Bute. In the later 20th century, the house was lived in by the Dowager Marchioness of Bute, Lady Eileen, until her death in 1993.[15] The 6th Marquess died a few months later, and the house passed to her grandson the 7th Marquess, the racing driver known as John Bute.[16]

Because of maintenance problems, in 2003 the 7th Marquess decided to sell Dumfries House and to send the contents to auction. However, Charles III, (then)-Prince of Wales was able to arrange for the sale of the house, its contents, and its 2000-acre estate to a consortium of organisations, including the Scottish government, the Art Fund, the Garfield Weston Foundation, the Monument Trust, the National Heritage Memorial Fund, and Save Britain's Heritage. The Prince's Charities Foundation borrowed much of the £45m total sale price.[17][18]

Cardiff Castle

[edit]

The 3rd Marquess worked with the architect William Burges in creating two Gothic revival castles in south Wales. The Work of William Burges at Cardiff Castle[19] has been remodeled from the original Roman fort and the later Norman motte-and-bailey; it has since passed through the hands of many noble families until in 1766, it passed by marriage to the Bute family. The 2nd Marquess of Bute was key in developing south Wales into one of the biggest coal exporters in its time by developing the port and Cardiff docks. Cardiff castle was inherited by his son John, the 3rd Marquess of Bute, who was extremely wealthy.[19] The project begun in 1866 with the architect William Burges who transformed the castle grounds. Within the two towers one of which is a clock, he also designed expert interiors, with murals, stained glass, marble, gilding and elaborate wood carvings. The rooms included are the Mediterranean gardens and Italian, then also Arabian winter smoking room within the Herbert tower. Despite both previous Marquesses dying in their 50's, the project was completed by the 4th Marquess. Then after death of the 4th Marquess of Bute, the family gave away the castle and its surrounding parks to city of Cardiff. For a quarter of a century, the Castle was leased by the National College of Music and Drama, and since 1974 Cardiff Castle has become one of Wales’s most popular tourist destinations.[19]

Castell Coch

[edit]

The Herbert family ruins were acquired by the Earls of Bute in 1760 when John, 3rd Earl of Bute, married Lady Charlotte Windsor, sharing her inheritance in south Wales.[20] His grandson, The 2nd Marquess of Bute, whose wealth came from Cardiff Docks, eventually inherited the castle.[21] The 2nd Marquess carried out exploration for iron ore at Castell Coch in 1827 and considered establishing an ironworks there.[22]

The 3rd Marquess of Bute, another John Crichton-Stuart, inherited Castell Coch and the family estates as a child in 1848.[23][24] On his coming of age, Bute's landed estates and industrial inheritance made him one of the wealthiest men in the world.[25] He had a wide range of interests including archaeology, theology, linguistics and history.[25] In 1850 the antiquarian George Clark surveyed Castell Coch and published his findings, the first major scholarly work about the castle. Castell Coch[26] has been used for over 700 years, the previous owner were the De Clare Family. The castle was rarely used and given to the British government by the 5th Marquess in 1950.

Stuart Baronets of Bute (1627)

[edit]
See also: Stuart baronets § Stuart, later Crichton-Stuart baronets, of Bute (1627)
  • Sir James Stuart, 1st Baronet (died 1662)
  • Sir Dugald Stuart, 2nd Baronet (died 1670)
  • Sir James Stuart, 3rd Baronet (died 1710) (created Earl of Bute in 1703)

Earls of Bute (1703)

[edit]

Marquesses of Bute (1796)

[edit]

Present peer

[edit]

John Bryson Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute (born 21 December 1989) is the son of the 7th Marquess and his wife Carolyn E. R. M. Waddell. He was styled as Lord Mount Stuart from 1993.[27]

On 22 March 2021 he succeeded his father as Marquess of Bute (G.B., 1796), Earl of Dumfries (S., 1633), Earl of Bute (S., 1703), Earl of Windsor (G.B., 1796), Viscount Ayr (S., 1622), Viscount Kingarth (S., 1703), Viscount Mountjoy (G.B., 1796), Lord Crichton of Sanquhar (S., 1488), Lord of Sanquhar (S., 1622), Lord Crichton of Sanquhar and Cumnock (S., 1633), Lord Mountstuart, Cumra and Inchmarnock (S., 1703), Baron Mount Stuart of Wortley (G.B., 1761), and Baron Cardiff of Cardiff Castle (G.B., 1776). He also became the 14th Stuart baronet in the baronetage of Nova Scotia (1627).[28]

The heir presumptive to the Marquessate of Bute is Lord Anthony Crichton-Stuart (born 1961), second son of the 6th Marquess.[27][28]

The heir presumptive to the Earldom of Dumfries is Lady Caroline Crichton-Stuart (born 1984), eldest daughter of the 7th Marquess.[27][28]

Line of succession (simplified)
  • John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute (1713–1792)
    • John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute (1744–1814)
      • John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart (1767–1794)
        • John Crichton-Stuart, 2nd Marquess of Bute (1793–1848)
          • John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute (1847–1900)
            • John Crichton-Stuart, 4th Marquess of Bute (1881–1947)
              • John Crichton-Stuart, 5th Marquess of Bute (1907–1956)
                • John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute (1933–1993)
                  • John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute (1958–2021)
                    • John Crichton-Stuart, 8th Marquess of Bute (b. 1989)
                  • (1). Lord Anthony Crichton-Stuart (b. 1961)
                    • (2). Arthur Alec Crichton-Stuart (b. 2001)
                • Lord David Ogden Crichton-Stuart (1933–1977)
                  • (3). Kenneth Edward David Crichton-Stuart (b. 1975)
                • Lord James Charles Crichton-Stuart (1935–1982)
                  • (4). William Henry Crichton-Stuart (b. 1971)
                  • (5). Hugh Bertram Crichton-Stuart (b. 1973)
                  • (6). Alexander Blane Crichton-Stuart (b. 1982)
                    • (7). James Callum Crichton-Stuart (b. 2014)
              • Lord Robert Crichton-Stuart (1909–1976)
                • Henry Colum Crichton-Stuart (1938–2019)
                  • male issue and descendants in remainder
              • Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart (1913–1956)
                • Charles Patrick Colum Henry Crichton-Stuart (1939–2001)
                  • male issue and descendants in remainder
              • Lord Rhidian Crichton-Stuart (1917–1969)
                • Frederick John Patrick Crichton-Stuart (1940–2011)
                  • male issue and descendants in remainder
            • Lord Ninian Crichton-Stuart (1883–1915)
              • Michael Duncan David Crichton-Stuart (1915–1981)
        • Lord Patrick Crichton-Stuart (1794–1859)
          • James Crichton-Stuart (1824–1891)
            • Patrick James Crichton-Stuart (1868–1935)
              • Patrick Dudley Crichton-Stuart (1909–1978)
                • male issue and descendants in remainder
      • Lord Henry Stuart (1777–1809)
        • William Villiers-Stuart (1804–1873)
          • Henry John Richard Villiers-Stuart (1837–1914)
            • John Patrick Villiers-Stuart (1879–1958)
              • John Michael Villiers-Stuart (1927–1986)
                • male issue and descendants in remainder
      • Lord George Stuart (1780–1841)
    • James Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie (1747–1818)

[29][28]

Barons Mount Stuart (1761)

[edit]

see above for further succession

Family tree

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Burke, John; Burke, Bernard (1851). Encyclopaedia of Heraldry: Or General Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Comprising a Registry of All Armorial Bearings from the Earliest to the Present Time, Including the Late Grants by the College of Arms. H.G. Bohn. p. 989. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  2. ^ a b c Sir William Llewelyn Davies (1959). "BUTE, Marquesses of Bute, Cardiff Castle, etc.". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  3. ^ a b Stewart Clan Scots Connection (accessed 12 March 2008)
  4. ^ Anderson, William, The Scottish Nation: or The Surnames, Families, Literature, Honours, and Biographical History of the People of Scotland (vol. I, ABE-CUR, Edinburgh, A. Fullarton & Co., 1862) pp 514–515, The Scottish nation Google Books, (accessed 12 March 2008)
  5. ^ Weir, Alison (18 April 2011). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. Random House. p. 228. ISBN 9781446449110.
  6. ^ Douglas, Robert (1764). The Peerage of Scotland.
  7. ^ Bence-Jones, Mark, The Catholic Families (1992) London: Constable and Company Ltd., pp. 203–4
  8. ^ "Rothesay Castle". Historic Scotland.
  9. ^ A Guide to Rothesay Castle. Rothesay: Biggar & Co. 1870. p. 21.
  10. ^ "House". Mountstuart.com.
  11. ^ "DSA Building/Design Report: Mount Stuart". Dictionary of Scottish Architects. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  12. ^ "Our story". mountstuart.com.
  13. ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "DUMFRIES HOUSE (GDL00149)". Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  14. ^ Close, Rob (1992) Ayrshire and Arran: An Illustrated Architectural Guide, RIAS, pp.140-141
  15. ^ Auslan Cramb (28 June 2007). "Charles saves Dumfries House at 11th hour". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 28 June 2007.
  16. ^ Freyberg, Annabel (27 May 2011). "Dumfries House: a Sleeping Beauty brought back to life by the Prince of Wales". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 30 May 2011.
  17. ^ "Dumfries house". Dumfries-house.org.uk.
  18. ^ "Historic mansion sold to nation". BBC News. 27 June 2007. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
  19. ^ a b c "history". cardiffcastle.com.
  20. ^ McLees 2005, p. 13.
  21. ^ Davies 1981, p. 272.
  22. ^ Davies 1981, p. 221.
  23. ^ Hannah 2012, p. 4.
  24. ^ McLees 2005, p. 14.
  25. ^ a b Crook 2013, p. 231.
  26. ^ "Castell Coch". Cadw.gov.wales.
  27. ^ a b c Burke's Peerage, volume 1 (2003), p. 601
  28. ^ a b c d Morris, Susan; Bosberry-Scott, Wendy; Belfield, Gervase, eds. (2019). "Bute". Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage. Vol. 1 (150th ed.). London: Debrett's Ltd. pp. 724–737. ISBN 978-1-999767-0-5-1.
  29. ^ Mosley, Charles, ed. (1999). "Bute". Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage. Vol. 1 (106th ed.). Crans, Switzerland: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd. pp. 437–446. ISBN 2-940085-02-1.

Sources

[edit]
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