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{{Short description|2004 Madrid train bombing}}
{{Short description|2004 Madrid train bombing}}
'''Abu Dujana Al-Afghani''', or '''Abu Nayaf al-Afghani''' was a claimed spokesperson for "[[Al-Qaeda]] of Europe" who demanded an end to [[Spain|Spanish]] support and involvement in the [[War on Terror]]. Abu Dujana claimed responsibility for the [[2004 Madrid train bombings]], as well as a failed train bombing the following month.<ref name="wapo">{{Cite news|title=Spain Arrests Another In Train Bombings|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2004/04/06/spain-arrests-another-in-train-bombings/c76f7f5a-2bfe-41a6-8fc9-be2bac2b8c91/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=6 April 2004}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|title=Letter Said to Be From Al Qaeda Threatens Spain|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/06/world/letter-said-to-be-from-al-qaeda-threatens-spain.html?_r=0|work=The New York Times|date=6 April 2004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|first=Gabriel|last=Weimann|chapter=Virtual Training Camps: Terrorists use of the Internet|editor-first=James JF|editor-last=Forest|title=Teaching Terror: Strategic and Tactical Learning in the Terrorist World|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1R79AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA130|year=2006|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|page=130|isbn=9781461643968}}</ref>
'''Abu Dujana al-Afghani''', or '''Abu Nayaf al-Afghani''' was a claimed spokesperson for "[[Al-Qaeda]] of Europe" who demanded an end to [[Spain|Spanish]] support and involvement in the [[War on Terror]]. Abu Dujana claimed responsibility for the [[2004 Madrid train bombings]], as well as a failed train bombing the following month.<ref name="wapo">{{Cite news|title=Spain Arrests Another In Train Bombings|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2004/04/06/spain-arrests-another-in-train-bombings/c76f7f5a-2bfe-41a6-8fc9-be2bac2b8c91/|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=6 April 2004}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{Cite news|title=Letter Said to Be From Al Qaeda Threatens Spain|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/06/world/letter-said-to-be-from-al-qaeda-threatens-spain.html?_r=0|work=The New York Times|date=6 April 2004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|first=Gabriel|last=Weimann|chapter=Virtual Training Camps: Terrorists use of the Internet|editor-first=James JF|editor-last=Forest|title=Teaching Terror: Strategic and Tactical Learning in the Terrorist World|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1R79AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA130|year=2006|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|page=130|isbn=9781461643968}}</ref>


==Activities and identification==
==Activities and identification==
On 13 March 2004 a video was found by a [[mosque]] in Madrid in which Abu Dujana claimed responsibility for the 11 March Madrid train bombings on behalf of "Al-Qaeda in Europe", and on 3 April a letter was sent under the name to a Spanish news station, claiming responsibility for an attempted bombing of a train en route from [[Madrid]] to [[Seville]] on 2 April, and promising more attacks unless Spain withdrew from the War on Terror (Spain eventually withdrew following a [[2004 Spanish general election|general election]] that brought Socialists to power in April).<ref name="wapo"/><ref name="NYT"/><ref name="elmundo">{{Cite news|title='El Chino' tenía un texto que urgía a reivindicar el 11-M para forzar el cambio de Gobierno|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2007/05/09/espana/1178734068.html|work=elmundo.es|date=9 May 2007|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Security high for Spanish trains|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/04/02/spain.bombings/|work=CNN|date=3 April 2004}}</ref>
On 13 March 2004 a video was found by a [[mosque]] in Madrid in which Abu Dujana claimed responsibility for the 11 March Madrid train bombings on behalf of "Al-Qaeda in Europe", and on 3 April a letter was sent under the name to a Spanish news station, claiming responsibility for an attempted bombing of a train en route from [[Madrid]] to [[Seville]] on 2 April, and promising more attacks unless Spain withdrew from the War on Terror (Spain eventually withdrew following a [[2004 Spanish general election|general election]] that brought Socialists to power in April).<ref name="wapo"/><ref name="NYT"/><ref name="elmundo">{{Cite news|title='El Chino' tenía un texto que urgía a reivindicar el 11-M para forzar el cambio de Gobierno|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2007/05/09/espana/1178734068.html|work=elmundo.es|date=9 May 2007|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Security high for Spanish trains|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/europe/04/02/spain.bombings/|work=CNN|date=3 April 2004}}</ref>


Abu Dujana has been speculated to be two people: Jamal Ahmidan "the Chinese" who was arrested after the attacks, or more likely '''Youssef Belhadj''', a Moroccan based in [[Sint-Jans-Molenbeek|Molenbeek]], [[Belgium]] who in 2008 was found guilty of belonging to a terrorist group and sentenced to 12 years in prison, thought by Spanish authorities to be Abu Dujana.<ref name="elmundo"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Brussels attacks: Why jihadism thrives in suburb of Molenbeek|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/the-times/why-jihadism-thrives-in-brussels-suburb-of-molenbeek/news-story/41763a31ef45ea6ee5fc360a3b8ed80c|work=The Australian|date=23 March 2016}}</ref> Belhajd, also thought to have been connected to the [[2003 Casablanca bombings]], was arrested in Belgium on 1 February 2005 and extradited to Spain.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Madrid bombings: Defendants|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4899544.stm|publisher=BBC|date=17 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|first1=M.R.|last1=Haberfeld|first2=Agostino|last2=von Hassell|year=2009|title=A New Understanding of Terrorism: Case Studies, Trajectories and Lessons Learned|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvVqrhVDtp0C&pg=PA192|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|pages=192–193|isbn=9781441901156}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Suspected plot organisers Youssef Belhad...|url=http://www.gettyimages.no/detail/news-photo/suspected-plot-organisers-youssef-belhadj-shakes-hands-with-news-photo/73343753#madrid-spain-suspected-plot-organisers-youssef-belhadj-shakes-hands-picture-id73343753|publisher=Getty Images|date=16 February 2007}}</ref> Convicted after the Madrid bombings, Belhadj was the leader of a Belgian cell of the [[Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group]] (GICM) along with Hassan el-Haski.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Madrid suspects 'planned' attack in Belgium|url=http://www.expatica.com/be/news/Madrid-suspects-planned-attack-in-Belgium_136985.html|work=Expatica News|date=12 April 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Fernando|last=Reinares|title=The Evidence of Al-Qa'ida's Role in the 2004 Madrid Attack|url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-evidence-of-al-qaidas-role-in-the-2004-madrid-attack|publisher=Combatting Terrorism Center|date=22 March 2012|access-date=18 August 2016|archive-date=13 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613084420/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-evidence-of-al-qaidas-role-in-the-2004-madrid-attack|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Fernando|last=Reinares|title=Jihadist Radicalization and the 2004 Madrid Bombing Network|url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/jihadist-radicalization-and-the-2004-madrid-bombing-network|publisher=Combatting Terrorism Center|date=3 November 2009|access-date=18 August 2016|archive-date=20 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920113724/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/jihadist-radicalization-and-the-2004-madrid-bombing-network|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Madrid bombings: the defendants|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/oct/31/spain.jamessturcke|work=The Guardian|date=31 October 2007}}</ref>
Abu Dujana has been speculated to be two people: Jamal Ahmidan "the Chinese" who was arrested after the attacks, or more likely '''Youssef Belhadj''', a Moroccan based in [[Sint-Jans-Molenbeek|Molenbeek]], [[Belgium]] who in 2008 was found guilty of belonging to a terrorist group and sentenced to 12 years in prison, thought by Spanish authorities to be Abu Dujana.<ref name="elmundo"/><ref>{{Cite news|title=Brussels attacks: Why jihadism thrives in suburb of Molenbeek|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/the-times/why-jihadism-thrives-in-brussels-suburb-of-molenbeek/news-story/41763a31ef45ea6ee5fc360a3b8ed80c|work=The Australian|date=23 March 2016}}</ref> Belhajd, also thought to have been connected to the [[2003 Casablanca bombings]], was arrested in Belgium on 1 February 2005 and extradited to Spain.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Madrid bombings: Defendants|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4899544.stm|publisher=BBC|date=17 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|first1=M.R.|last1=Haberfeld|first2=Agostino|last2=von Hassell|year=2009|title=A New Understanding of Terrorism: Case Studies, Trajectories and Lessons Learned|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvVqrhVDtp0C&pg=PA192|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|pages=192–193|isbn=9781441901156}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Suspected plot organisers Youssef Belhad...|url=http://www.gettyimages.no/detail/news-photo/suspected-plot-organisers-youssef-belhadj-shakes-hands-with-news-photo/73343753#madrid-spain-suspected-plot-organisers-youssef-belhadj-shakes-hands-picture-id73343753|publisher=Getty Images|date=16 February 2007}}</ref> Convicted after the Madrid bombings, Belhadj was the leader of a Belgian cell of the [[Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group]] (GICM) along with Hassan el-Haski.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Madrid suspects 'planned' attack in Belgium|url=http://www.expatica.com/be/news/Madrid-suspects-planned-attack-in-Belgium_136985.html|work=Expatica News|date=12 April 2006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Fernando|last=Reinares|title=The Evidence of Al-Qa'ida's Role in the 2004 Madrid Attack|url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-evidence-of-al-qaidas-role-in-the-2004-madrid-attack|publisher=Combating Terrorism Center|date=22 March 2012|access-date=18 August 2016|archive-date=13 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613084420/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/the-evidence-of-al-qaidas-role-in-the-2004-madrid-attack|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Fernando|last=Reinares|title=Jihadist Radicalization and the 2004 Madrid Bombing Network|url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/jihadist-radicalization-and-the-2004-madrid-bombing-network|publisher=Combating Terrorism Center|date=3 November 2009|access-date=18 August 2016|archive-date=20 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920113724/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/jihadist-radicalization-and-the-2004-madrid-bombing-network|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Madrid bombings: the defendants|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/oct/31/spain.jamessturcke|work=The Guardian|date=31 October 2007}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
{{reflist|30em}}

⚫
[[Category:Al-Qaeda members]]
⚫
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in Belgium]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in Spain]]
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in Spain]]
⚫
[[Category:Islamic terrorism in Belgium]]
[[Category:2004 Madrid train bombings]]
[[Category:2004 Madrid train bombings]]
⚫
[[Category:Al-Qaeda members]]
[[Category:Al-Qaeda allied groups]]

Latest revision as of 21:51, 8 October 2024

Abu Dujana al-Afghani, or Abu Nayaf al-Afghani was a claimed spokesperson for "Al-Qaeda of Europe" who demanded an end to Spanish support and involvement in the War on Terror. Abu Dujana claimed responsibility for the 2004 Madrid train bombings, as well as a failed train bombing the following month.[1][2][3]

Activities and identification

[edit]

On 13 March 2004 a video was found by a mosque in Madrid in which Abu Dujana claimed responsibility for the 11 March Madrid train bombings on behalf of "Al-Qaeda in Europe", and on 3 April a letter was sent under the name to a Spanish news station, claiming responsibility for an attempted bombing of a train en route from Madrid to Seville on 2 April, and promising more attacks unless Spain withdrew from the War on Terror (Spain eventually withdrew following a general election that brought Socialists to power in April).[1][2][4][5]

Abu Dujana has been speculated to be two people: Jamal Ahmidan "the Chinese" who was arrested after the attacks, or more likely Youssef Belhadj, a Moroccan based in Molenbeek, Belgium who in 2008 was found guilty of belonging to a terrorist group and sentenced to 12 years in prison, thought by Spanish authorities to be Abu Dujana.[4][6] Belhajd, also thought to have been connected to the 2003 Casablanca bombings, was arrested in Belgium on 1 February 2005 and extradited to Spain.[7][8][9] Convicted after the Madrid bombings, Belhadj was the leader of a Belgian cell of the Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group (GICM) along with Hassan el-Haski.[10][11][12][13]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Spain Arrests Another In Train Bombings". The Washington Post. 6 April 2004.
  2. ^ a b "Letter Said to Be From Al Qaeda Threatens Spain". The New York Times. 6 April 2004.
  3. ^ Weimann, Gabriel (2006). "Virtual Training Camps: Terrorists use of the Internet". In Forest, James JF (ed.). Teaching Terror: Strategic and Tactical Learning in the Terrorist World. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 130. ISBN 9781461643968.
  4. ^ a b "'El Chino' tenía un texto que urgía a reivindicar el 11-M para forzar el cambio de Gobierno". elmundo.es (in Spanish). 9 May 2007.
  5. ^ "Security high for Spanish trains". CNN. 3 April 2004.
  6. ^ "Brussels attacks: Why jihadism thrives in suburb of Molenbeek". The Australian. 23 March 2016.
  7. ^ "Madrid bombings: Defendants". BBC. 17 July 2008.
  8. ^ Haberfeld, M.R.; von Hassell, Agostino (2009). A New Understanding of Terrorism: Case Studies, Trajectories and Lessons Learned. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 192–193. ISBN 9781441901156.
  9. ^ "Suspected plot organisers Youssef Belhad..." Getty Images. 16 February 2007.
  10. ^ "Madrid suspects 'planned' attack in Belgium". Expatica News. 12 April 2006.
  11. ^ Reinares, Fernando (22 March 2012). "The Evidence of Al-Qa'ida's Role in the 2004 Madrid Attack". Combating Terrorism Center. Archived from the original on 13 June 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  12. ^ Reinares, Fernando (3 November 2009). "Jihadist Radicalization and the 2004 Madrid Bombing Network". Combating Terrorism Center. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  13. ^ "Madrid bombings: the defendants". The Guardian. 31 October 2007.
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