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'''''Fenestellidae''''' is a family of [[bryozoa]]ns belonging to the order [[Fenestrida]]. The skeleton of its colonies consists of stiff branches that are interconnected by narrower crossbars (or dissepiments). The individuals of the colony (or zooids) inhabit one side of the branches in two parallel rows or two at the branch base and three or more rows further up. Zooids can be recognized as small rimmed pores (or apertures), and in well-preserved specimens the apertures are closed by centrally perforated lids. The front of the branches carries small nodes in a row or zigzag line between the apertures. Branches split (or bifurcate) from time to time giving the colonies a fan-shape or, in the genus ''[[Archimedes (bryozoan)|Archimedes]]'', create an mesh in the shape of an [[Archimedes screw]].<ref name='Treatise, 1953'/>
'''''Fenestellidae''''' is a family of [[bryozoa]]ns belonging to the order [[Fenestrida]]. The skeleton of its colonies consists of stiff branches that are interconnected by narrower crossbars (or dissepiments). The individuals of the colony (or zooids) inhabit one side of the branches in two parallel rows or two at the branch base and three or more rows further up. Zooids can be recognized as small rimmed pores (or apertures), and in well-preserved specimens the apertures are closed by centrally perforated lids. The front of the branches carries small nodes in a row or zigzag line between the apertures. Branches split (or bifurcate) from time to time giving the colonies a fan-shape or, in the genus ''[[Archimedes (bryozoan)|Archimedes]]'', create an mesh in the shape of an [[Archimedes screw]].<ref name='Treatise, 1953'/>


Like all bryozoans, Fenestellids were [[Fauna#Epifauna|epifaunal]] suspension feeders, that occurred between the early [[Ordovician]] and the [[Permian]].<ref name=fa>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=home The Paleobiology Database]</ref> Fossils of this family have been found in marine sediments all over the world.
Like all bryozoans, Fenestellids were [[Fauna#Epifauna|epifaunal]] suspension feeders, that occurred between the early [[Ordovician]] and the [[Triassic]].<ref name=fa>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fossilworks.org |title=The Paleobiology Database |access-date=2021-12-17 |archive-date=2022-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325060448/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=home |url-status=live }}</ref> Fossils of this family have been found in marine sediments all over the world.<!---for future extension the following literature may be useful: <ref>{{cite journal|first1= Steven J.|last1= Hageman|first2= Frank K.|last2= McKinney|year= 2010|title= Discrimination of Fenestrate Bryozoan Genera in Morphospace|journal= Palaeontologia Electronica|volume= 13|issue= 2pages= 43|url= http://palaeo-electronica.org/2010_2/206/index.html}}</ref>--->
[[File:Fenestella_Fossil.jpg|thumb|Fenestella Fossils . from Iran ]]<!---for future extension the following literature may be useful: <ref>{{cite journal|first1= Steven J.|last1= Hageman|first2= Frank K.|last2= McKinney|year= 2010|title= Discrimination of Fenestrate Bryozoan Genera in Morphospace|journal= Palaeontologia Electronica|volume= 13|issue= 2pages= 43|url= http://palaeo-electronica.org/2010_2/206/index.html}}</ref>--->


==Genera==
==Genera==
*''[[Archaefenestella]]''
*[[Fenestella (bryozoan)]] ''all over the world . 460-251 million years ago''
*''[[Archimedes (bryozoan)|Archimedes]]''
*''[[Archaefenestella]] Miller,1962 . Sweden 433-430 million years ago''
*''[[Bigeyina]]''
*''[[Archimedes (bryozoan)|Archimedes]] 270-360 million years ago''
*''[[Cavernella]]''
*''[[Bigeyina]] Spain . 393-410 million years ago''
*''[[Cavernella]] Europe & Asia . 300-260 million years ago''
*''[[Exfenestella]]''
*''[[Exfenestella]]''
*''[[Fabifenestella]]''
*''[[Fabifenestella]]''
*''[[Fenestella (bryozoan)|Fenestella]] all over the world . 460 till 251 million years ago''
*''[[Fenestella (bryozoan)|Fenestella]]''
*''[[Filites]]''
*''[[Filites]]''
*''[[Flexifenestella]]''
*''[[Flexifenestella]]''
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*''[[Pseudounitrypa]]''
*''[[Pseudounitrypa]]''
*''[[Ptiloporella]]''
*''[[Ptiloporella]]''
*''[[Rectifenestella]] Morozova, 1974 . 410-252 million years ago''
*''[[Rectifenestella]]''
*''[[Ryhopora]]''
*''[[Ryhopora]]''
<ref name=fa/>
<ref name=fa/>
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[[Category:Permian extinctions]]
[[Category:Permian extinctions]]
[[Category:Bryozoan families]]
[[Category:Bryozoan families]]
[[Category:Stenolaemata]]
[[Category:Fenestrida]]





Latest revision as of 07:13, 18 November 2024

Fenestellidae
Temporal range: Ordovician–Permian
characteristic mesh of an unidentified Fenestrellid, backside
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Bryozoa
Class: Stenolaemata
Order: Fenestrida
Family: Fenestellidae
King, 1850
Synonyms

Enalloporidae, Sphragioporidae, Thamniscidae Miller, 1889, Fenestrellinidae Bassler, 1935[1]

Fenestellidae is a family of bryozoans belonging to the order Fenestrida. The skeleton of its colonies consists of stiff branches that are interconnected by narrower crossbars (or dissepiments). The individuals of the colony (or zooids) inhabit one side of the branches in two parallel rows or two at the branch base and three or more rows further up. Zooids can be recognized as small rimmed pores (or apertures), and in well-preserved specimens the apertures are closed by centrally perforated lids. The front of the branches carries small nodes in a row or zigzag line between the apertures. Branches split (or bifurcate) from time to time giving the colonies a fan-shape or, in the genus Archimedes, create an mesh in the shape of an Archimedes screw.[1]

Like all bryozoans, Fenestellids were epifaunal suspension feeders, that occurred between the early Ordovician and the Triassic.[2] Fossils of this family have been found in marine sediments all over the world.

Genera

[edit]

[2] [3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Paleontological Institute. "Part G, Bryozoa". Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
  2. ^ a b "The Paleobiology Database". Archived from the original on 2022-03-25. Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  3. ^ Bryozoa