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{{Expand Arabic|date=February 2016|مسلم بن الحجاج}}
{{Expand Arabic|date=February 2016|topic=bio}}
{{Short description|Arab Muslim hadith scholar (815–875)}}
{{Short description|Arab Muslim hadith scholar (815–875)}}
{{Infobox religious biography
{{Infobox religious biography
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| religion = [[Islam]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| denomination = [[Sunni]]
| school =[[Shafi'i]]/[[Mujtahid]]
| alma_mater =
| alma_mater =
| main_interests = [[Hadith]] [[Aqidah]]
| main_interests = [[Hadith]] [[Aqidah]]
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}}
}}


'''Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim ibn Ward ibn Kawshādh [[Banu Qushayr|al-Qushayrī]] an-Naysābūrī'''{{#tag:ref
'''Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim ibn Ward [[Banu Qushayr|al-Qushayrī]] an-Naysābūrī'''{{#tag:ref


|The name of his father has sometimes been given as {{lang|ar|حجاج}} (''Ḥajjāj'') instead of {{lang|ar|الحجاج}} (''al-Ḥajjāj''). The name of his great-great-grandfather has variously been given as {{lang|ar|كوشاذ}} (''Kūshādh''<ref name="abdulmawjood"/> or ''Kawshādh''), {{lang|ar|كرشان}}&lrm;<ref name="Awali1985">{{cite book |title='Awālī Muslim: arba'ūna ḥadīthan muntaqātun min Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (عوالي مسلم: أربعون حديثا منتقاتا من صحيح مسلم) |publisher=Mu’assasat al-kutub ath-Thaqāfīyah (مؤسسة الكتب الثقافية) |location=Beirut |year=1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqkXAAAAIAAJ&q=%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86 |language=ar |access-date=2016-01-07 |archive-date=2016-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427164911/https://books.google.com/books?id=fqkXAAAAIAAJ&q=%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86 |url-status=live }}</ref> (''Kirshān'', ''Kurshān'', or ''Karshān''), or {{lang|ar|كوشان}} (''Kūshān or Kawshān'').
|The name of his father has sometimes been given as {{lang|ar|حجاج}} (''Ḥajjāj'') instead of {{lang|ar|الحجاج}} (''al-Ḥajjāj''). The name of his great-great-grandfather has variously been given as {{lang|ar|كوشاذ}} (''Kūshādh''<ref name="abdulmawjood"/> or ''Kawshādh''), {{lang|ar|كرشان}}&lrm;<ref name="Awali1985">{{cite book |title='Awālī Muslim: arba'ūna ḥadīthan muntaqātun min Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (عوالي مسلم: أربعون حديثا منتقاتا من صحيح مسلم) |publisher=Mu’assasat al-kutub ath-Thaqāfīyah (مؤسسة الكتب الثقافية) |location=Beirut |year=1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fqkXAAAAIAAJ&q=%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86 |language=ar |access-date=2016-01-07 |archive-date=2016-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427164911/https://books.google.com/books?id=fqkXAAAAIAAJ&q=%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86 |url-status=live }}</ref> (''Kirshān'', ''Kurshān'', or ''Karshān''), or {{lang|ar|كوشان}} (''Kūshān or Kawshān'').


|group="note"}} ({{lang-ar|أبو الحسين عساكر الدين مسلم بن الحجاج بن مسلم بن وَرْد بن كوشاذ القشيري النيسابوري}}; after 815 – May 875 CE / 206 - 261 AH) or '''Muslim Nayshāpūrī''' ({{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|مسلم نیشاپوری}}}}), commonly known as '''Imam Muslim''', was a Persian [[Islamic scholar]] from the city of [[Nishapur]], particularly known as a ''[[muhaddith]]'' (scholar of [[hadith]]). His hadith collection, known as ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'', is one of the [[Kutub al-Sittah|six major hadith collections]] in [[Sunni Islam]] and is regarded as one of the two most authentic (''[[sahih]]'') collections, alongside ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]''.
|group="note"}} ({{langx|ar|أبو الحسين عساكر الدين مسلم بن الحجاج بن مسلم بن وَرْد القشيري النيسابوري}}; after 815 – May 875 CE / 206 – 261 [[Hijri year|AH]]), commonly known as '''Imam Muslim''', was an [[Islamic scholar]] from the city of [[Nishapur]], particularly known as a ''[[muhaddith]]'' (scholar of [[hadith]]). His hadith collection, known as ''[[Sahih Muslim]]'', is one of the [[Kutub al-Sittah|six major hadith collections]] in [[Sunni Islam]] and is regarded as one of the two most authentic (''[[sahih]]'') collections, alongside ''[[Sahih al-Bukhari]]''.


==Biography==
==Biography==
Line 42: Line 43:
Ibn al-Bayyiʿ reports that he was buried in Nasarabad, a suburb of Nishapur.
Ibn al-Bayyiʿ reports that he was buried in Nasarabad, a suburb of Nishapur.


According to scholars, he was of [[Arabs|Arab]] or [[Persian people|Persian]] origin.<ref name="Frye1975"/><ref name="Qushayri"/> The ''[[nisbat (onomastics)|nisbah]]'' of "al-Qushayri" signifies Muslim's belonging to the Arab tribe of [[Banu Qushayr]], members of which migrated to the newly conquered Persian territory during the expansion of the [[Rashidun Caliphate]].<ref name=ali/> The 14th-century Arab scholar [[Al-Dhahabi]] stated that he may have been a ''[[mawali|mawla]]''&nbsp;of Persian descent, attributed to the Qushayr tribe by way of ''wala''' (alliance). An ancestor of Muslim may have been a freed slave of a Qushayri, or may have accepted Islam at the hands of a Qushayri. According to two other scholars, Ibn al-Athīr and Ibn al-Salāh, he was actually an Arab member of that tribe of which his family had migrated to Iran nearly two centuries earlier following the conquest.<ref name=abdulmawjood/> The majority of Scholars including the Brillant Spaniard Muslim scientist (Ibn Al Hazm) considered him as an Actual member of Arab tribe.
According to scholars, he was of [[Arabs|Arab]] origin.<ref name="Frye1975"/><ref name="Qushayri"/> The ''[[nisbat (onomastics)|nisbah]]'' of "al-Qushayri" signifies Muslim's belonging to the Arab tribe of [[Banu Qushayr]], members of which migrated to the newly conquered Persian territory during the expansion of the [[Rashidun Caliphate]]. According to two scholars, Ibn al-Athīr and Ibn al-Salāh, he was actually an Arab member of that tribe of which his family had migrated to Persia nearly two centuries earlier following the conquest.<ref name=abdulmawjood/>

Estimates on the number of hadiths in his books vary from 3,033 to 12,000, depending on whether duplicates are included, or only the text ([[isnad]]) is. His Sahih ("authentic") is said to share about 2000 hadiths with Bukhari's Sahih.<ref name="Brown 2326">Lu'lu wal Marjan says 1900; Abi Bakr Muhammad b. 'Abdallah al-Jawzaqi apud Brown, 84 counted 2326.</ref>


The author's teachers included Harmala ibn Yahya, Sa'id ibn Mansur, Abd-Allah ibn Maslamah al-Qa'nabi, al-Dhuhali, [[Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari|al-Bukhari]], [[Ibn Ma'in]], Yahya ibn Yahya al-Nishaburi al-Tamimi, and others. Among his students were [[al-Tirmidhi]], [[Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi]], and [[Ibn Khuzaymah]], each of whom also wrote works on hadith. After his studies throughout the [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Egypt]], [[Iraq]] and [[Syria]], he settled in his hometown of [[Nishapur]], where he met, and became a lifelong friend of al-Bukhari.
The author's teachers included Harmala ibn Yahya, Sa'id ibn Mansur, Abd-Allah ibn Maslamah al-Qa'nabi, al-Dhuhali, [[Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari|al-Bukhari]], [[Ibn Ma'in]], Yahya ibn Yahya al-Nishaburi al-Tamimi, and others. Among his students were [[al-Tirmidhi]], [[Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi]], and [[Ibn Khuzaymah]], each of whom also wrote works on hadith. After his studies throughout the [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Egypt]], [[Iraq]] and [[Syria]], he settled in his hometown of [[Nishapur]], where he met, and became a lifelong friend of al-Bukhari.


==Legacy==
=== Sources ===
A number of sources became prominent loci for learning about the biography of Muslim. The [[History of Baghdad (book)|''History of Baghdad'']] by [[Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi]], produced in the 11th century, formed the basis of all subsequent descriptions of his life in Islamic sources. For example, the complete biography of Muslim in the ''History of Islam'' by [[Al-Dhahabi]] contains 27 reports, 11 of which (41%) come from Al-Baghdadi's ''History''. The second most important source for information about Muslim's life, now lost, was the ''History of [[Nishapur]]'' of [[Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri]]. The ''History of Baghdad'' itself, which contains 14 reports about Muslim, took half of them (7) from the ''History of Nishapur''.{{Sfn|Brown|2007|p=274}}
⚫
The Sunni scholar, [[Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh]] was first to recommend Muslim's work.<ref name="Brown2007-p86"/>


== Sahih Muslim ==
⚫
Ishaq's contemporaries did not at first accept this; Abu Zur‘a al-Razi objected that Muslim had omitted too much material which Muslim himself recognised as authentic and that he included transmitters who were weak.<ref name="Brown2007-p91"/>
{{Main|Sahih Muslim}}
In the mid-9th century, Muslim composed a collection of what he considered entirely [[sahih]] hadith, now known as Sahih Muslim. Today, it is considered one of the [[Kutub al-Sittah|six canonical books of hadith]] in Sunni Islam. In particular, it along with [[Sahih al-Bukhari]] are considered the two pre-eminent collections in this canon; together they are called the [[Sahihayn]]. Figures on the number of hadiths in this book vary from three to twelve thousand, depending on whether duplicates are included, or only the text is. Muslim's collection has a substantial overlap with Sahih al-Bukhari: according to Al-Jawzaqi, 2,326 traditions are shared between the two. The collections also roughly share 2,400 narrators; only 430 of the narrators in Sahih al-Bukhari are not found in Sahih Muslim, and only 620 narrators in Sahih Muslim are not found in Sahih al-Bukhari.{{Sfn|Brown|2007|p=84}}


== Legacy ==
⚫
Ibn Abi Hatim (d. 327/938) later accepted Muslim as "trustworthy, one of the hadith masters with knowledge of hadith"; but this contrasts with much more fulsome praise of Abu Zur‘a and also his father Abu Hatim. It is similar with Ibn al-Nadim.<ref name="Brown2007-p88"/>
⚫
The scholar of Ahlus-Sunnah, [[Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh]] was first to recommend Muslim's work.{{Sfn|Brown|2007|p=86}}


⚫
Ishaq's contemporaries did not at first accept this; Abu Zur‘a al-Razi objected that Muslim had omitted too much material which Muslim himself recognised as authentic and that he included transmitters who were weak.{{Sfn|Brown|2007|p=91–92, 155}}
⚫
Muslim's book gradually increased in stature such that it is considered among [[Sunni]] Muslims the most authentic collections of hadith, second only to [[Sahih Bukhari]].

⚫
Ibn Abi Hatim (d. 327/938) later accepted Muslim as "trustworthy, one of the hadith masters with knowledge of hadith"; but this contrasts with much more fulsome praise of Abu Zur‘a and also his father Abu Hatim. It is similar with Ibn al-Nadim.{{Sfn|Brown|2007|p=88–89}}

⚫
Muslim's book gradually increased in stature such that it is considered among Ahlus-Sunnah the most authentic collections of hadith, second only to [[Sahih Bukhari]].{{Sfn|Brown|2007|p=272–274}}


==Works==
==Works==
Line 64: Line 70:


==References==
==References==

=== Citations ===
<references>
<references>
<ref name="abdulmawjood">{{cite book |author=Salahuddin ʿAli Abdul Mawjood |translator=Abu Bakr Ibn Nasir |title=The Biography of Imam Muslim bin al-Hajjaj |publisher=Darussalam |location=Riyadh |year=2007 |isbn=978-9960988191}}</ref>
<ref name="abdulmawjood">{{cite book |author=Salahuddin ʿAli Abdul Mawjood |translator=Abu Bakr Ibn Nasir |title=The Biography of Imam Muslim bin al-Hajjaj |publisher=Darussalam |location=Riyadh |year=2007 |isbn=978-9960988191}}</ref>
Line 76: Line 84:


<ref name="Balushipp150To165">{{cite book |author=Isḥāq ibn Rāhwayh |date=1990 |editor=ʻAbd al-Ghafūr ʻAbd al-Ḥaqq Ḥusayn Balūshī |title=Musnad Isḥāq ibn Rāhwayh |edition=1st |publisher=Tawzīʻ Maktabat al-Īmān |pages=150–165}}</ref>
<ref name="Balushipp150To165">{{cite book |author=Isḥāq ibn Rāhwayh |date=1990 |editor=ʻAbd al-Ghafūr ʻAbd al-Ḥaqq Ḥusayn Balūshī |title=Musnad Isḥāq ibn Rāhwayh |edition=1st |publisher=Tawzīʻ Maktabat al-Īmān |pages=150–165}}</ref>

<ref name="Brown2007-p86">mardi keh in bud; al-Hakim, Ma‘rifat ‘ulum al-hadith, 98 apud Jonathan Brown, The Canonization of al-Bukhari and Muslim (Brill, 2007), p. 86</ref>

<ref name="Brown2007-p88">Brown, p. 88–89</ref>

<ref name="Brown2007-p91">Brown, 91-2, 155</ref>


<ref name="Frye1975">{{cite book|title=The Cambridge history of Iran |editor=R.N. Frye |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=London |date=1975 |isbn=978-0-521-20093-6 |page=471}}</ref>
<ref name="Frye1975">{{cite book|title=The Cambridge history of Iran |editor=R.N. Frye |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=London |date=1975 |isbn=978-0-521-20093-6 |page=471}}</ref>
Line 92: Line 94:


</references>
</references>

=== Sources ===

* {{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Jonathan |url=https://brill.com/display/title/12924 |title=The Canonization of al-Bukhārī and Muslim |date=2007 |publisher=Brill}}


==External links==
==External links==
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#[http://www.happy-books.co.uk/muhammad-ibn-abdullah-lineage-and-family-tree/students-sheikhs-and-teachers-of-famous-muslim-imams-and-scholars-in-muslim-history.php?id=548 Interactive diagram of teachers and students of Imam Muslim by Happy Books]
#[http://www.happy-books.co.uk/muhammad-ibn-abdullah-lineage-and-family-tree/students-sheikhs-and-teachers-of-famous-muslim-imams-and-scholars-in-muslim-history.php?id=548 Interactive diagram of teachers and students of Imam Muslim by Happy Books]


⚫
{{Islam scholars diagram}}
{{Shafi'i scholars}}
{{Shafi'i scholars}}
{{People of Khorasan}}
{{People of Khorasan}}
⚫
{{Islam scholars diagram}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:9th-century births]]
[[Category:9th-century births]]
[[Category:875 deaths]]
[[Category:875 deaths]]
[[Category:9th-century Iranian people]]
[[Category:9th-century Iranian writers]]
[[Category:Iranian scholars]]
[[Category:Iranian scholars]]
[[Category:Persian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Persian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
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[[Category:9th-century jurists]]
[[Category:9th-century jurists]]
[[Category:Biographical evaluation scholars]]
[[Category:Biographical evaluation scholars]]
[[Category:9th-century Arabs]]
[[Category:9th-century Arab people]]
[[Category:Banu 'Amir]]
[[Category:Banu 'Amir]]

Latest revision as of 17:38, 9 November 2024

Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj
مسلم بن الحجاج
TitleImām Muslim
Personal
Bornafter c. 815
Nishapur, Abbasid Caliphate (present-day Iran)
DiedMay c. 875
Nasarabad, Abbasid Caliphate (present-day Iran)
Resting placeNasarabad
ReligionIslam
EraIslamic Golden Age
(Abbasid era)
RegionAbbasid Caliphate
DenominationSunni
SchoolShafi'i/Mujtahid
JurisprudenceIjtihad
Main interest(s)Hadith Aqidah
Notable work(s)Sahih Muslim
OccupationIslamic scholar, Muhaddith
Muslim leader
Influenced by

Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim ibn Ward al-Qushayrī an-Naysābūrī[note 1] (Arabic: أبو الحسين عساكر الدين مسلم بن الحجاج بن مسلم بن وَرْد القشيري النيسابوري; after 815 – May 875 CE / 206 – 261 AH), commonly known as Imam Muslim, was an Islamic scholar from the city of Nishapur, particularly known as a muhaddith (scholar of hadith). His hadith collection, known as Sahih Muslim, is one of the six major hadith collections in Sunni Islam and is regarded as one of the two most authentic (sahih) collections, alongside Sahih al-Bukhari.

Biography

[edit]

Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj was born in the town of Nishapur[5] in the Abbasid province of Khorasan, in present-day northeastern Iran. Historians differ as to his date of birth, though it is usually given as 202 AH (817/818),[6][7] 204 AH (819/820),[3][8] or 206 AH (821/822).[6][7][9]

Al-Dhahabi said, "It is said that he was born in the year 204 AH," though he also said, "But I think he was born before that."[3]

Ibn Khallikan could find no report of Muslim's date of birth, or age at death, by any of the ḥuffāẓ (hadith masters), except their agreement that he was born after 200 AH (815/816). Ibn Khallikan cites Ibn al-Salah, who cites Ibn al-Bayyiʿ's Kitab ʿUlama al-Amsar, in the claim that Muslim was 55 years old when he died on 25 Rajab, 261 AH (May 875)[9] and therefore his year of birth must have been 206 AH (821/822).

Ibn al-Bayyiʿ reports that he was buried in Nasarabad, a suburb of Nishapur.

According to scholars, he was of Arab origin.[10][11] The nisbah of "al-Qushayri" signifies Muslim's belonging to the Arab tribe of Banu Qushayr, members of which migrated to the newly conquered Persian territory during the expansion of the Rashidun Caliphate. According to two scholars, Ibn al-Athīr and Ibn al-Salāh, he was actually an Arab member of that tribe of which his family had migrated to Persia nearly two centuries earlier following the conquest.[3]

The author's teachers included Harmala ibn Yahya, Sa'id ibn Mansur, Abd-Allah ibn Maslamah al-Qa'nabi, al-Dhuhali, al-Bukhari, Ibn Ma'in, Yahya ibn Yahya al-Nishaburi al-Tamimi, and others. Among his students were al-Tirmidhi, Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi, and Ibn Khuzaymah, each of whom also wrote works on hadith. After his studies throughout the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, Iraq and Syria, he settled in his hometown of Nishapur, where he met, and became a lifelong friend of al-Bukhari.

Sources

[edit]

A number of sources became prominent loci for learning about the biography of Muslim. The History of Baghdad by Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, produced in the 11th century, formed the basis of all subsequent descriptions of his life in Islamic sources. For example, the complete biography of Muslim in the History of Islam by Al-Dhahabi contains 27 reports, 11 of which (41%) come from Al-Baghdadi's History. The second most important source for information about Muslim's life, now lost, was the History of Nishapur of Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri. The History of Baghdad itself, which contains 14 reports about Muslim, took half of them (7) from the History of Nishapur.[12]

Sahih Muslim

[edit]
Main article: Sahih Muslim

In the mid-9th century, Muslim composed a collection of what he considered entirely sahih hadith, now known as Sahih Muslim. Today, it is considered one of the six canonical books of hadith in Sunni Islam. In particular, it along with Sahih al-Bukhari are considered the two pre-eminent collections in this canon; together they are called the Sahihayn. Figures on the number of hadiths in this book vary from three to twelve thousand, depending on whether duplicates are included, or only the text is. Muslim's collection has a substantial overlap with Sahih al-Bukhari: according to Al-Jawzaqi, 2,326 traditions are shared between the two. The collections also roughly share 2,400 narrators; only 430 of the narrators in Sahih al-Bukhari are not found in Sahih Muslim, and only 620 narrators in Sahih Muslim are not found in Sahih al-Bukhari.[13]

Legacy

[edit]

The scholar of Ahlus-Sunnah, Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh was first to recommend Muslim's work.[14]

Ishaq's contemporaries did not at first accept this; Abu Zur‘a al-Razi objected that Muslim had omitted too much material which Muslim himself recognised as authentic and that he included transmitters who were weak.[15]

Ibn Abi Hatim (d. 327/938) later accepted Muslim as "trustworthy, one of the hadith masters with knowledge of hadith"; but this contrasts with much more fulsome praise of Abu Zur‘a and also his father Abu Hatim. It is similar with Ibn al-Nadim.[16]

Muslim's book gradually increased in stature such that it is considered among Ahlus-Sunnah the most authentic collections of hadith, second only to Sahih Bukhari.[17]

Works

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The name of his father has sometimes been given as حجاج (Ḥajjāj) instead of الحجاج (al-Ḥajjāj). The name of his great-great-grandfather has variously been given as كوشاذ (Kūshādh[3] or Kawshādh), كرشان‎[4] (Kirshān, Kurshān, or Karshān), or كوشان (Kūshān or Kawshān).

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Isḥāq ibn Rāhwayh (1990). ʻAbd al-Ghafūr ʻAbd al-Ḥaqq Ḥusayn Balūshī (ed.). Musnad Isḥāq ibn Rāhwayh (1st ed.). Tawzīʻ Maktabat al-Īmān. pp. 150–165.
  2. ^ "منهج الإمام مسلم بن الحجاج". www.ibnamin.com. Archived from the original on 2018-10-30. Retrieved 2006-09-23.
  3. ^ a b c d Salahuddin ʿAli Abdul Mawjood (2007). The Biography of Imam Muslim bin al-Hajjaj. Translated by Abu Bakr Ibn Nasir. Riyadh: Darussalam. ISBN 978-9960988191.
  4. ^ 'Awālī Muslim: arba'ūna ḥadīthan muntaqātun min Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (عوالي مسلم: أربعون حديثا منتقاتا من صحيح مسلم) (in Arabic). Beirut: Mu’assasat al-kutub ath-Thaqāfīyah (مؤسسة الكتب الثقافية). 1985. Archived from the original on 2016-04-27. Retrieved 2016-01-07.
  5. ^ Oriental Scholars. Encyclopaedia Dictionary Islam Muslim World, etc, Gibb, Kramer volume 7. 1960-2004.1875.2009. p. 691.
  6. ^ a b Abdul Hamid Siddiqui. "Imam Muslim". Archived from the original on 2012-10-31. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
  7. ^ a b K. J. Ahmad (1987). Hundred Great Muslims. Des Plaines, Illinois: Library of Islam. ISBN 0933511167.
  8. ^ Syed Bashir Ali (2003). Scholars of Hadith. The Makers of Islamic Civilization Series. Malaysia: IQRAʼ International Educational Foundation. ISBN 1563162040. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-01-07.
  9. ^ a b Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Khallikan (1868) [Corrected reprint]. Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary. Vol. III. Translated by William McGuckin de Slane. Paris: Oriental translation fund of Great Britain and Ireland. p. 349. Archived from the original on 2016-06-17. Retrieved 2016-01-07.
  10. ^ R.N. Frye, ed. (1975). The Cambridge history of Iran. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 471. ISBN 978-0-521-20093-6.
  11. ^ al-Qushayrī, Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj; Shahryar, Aftab (2004-01-01). صحيح مسلم. Islamic Book Service. ISBN 9788172315924. Archived from the original on 2021-09-30. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  12. ^ Brown 2007, p. 274.
  13. ^ Brown 2007, p. 84.
  14. ^ Brown 2007, p. 86.
  15. ^ Brown 2007, p. 91–92, 155.
  16. ^ Brown 2007, p. 88–89.
  17. ^ Brown 2007, p. 272–274.

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Arabic Wikisource has original text related to this article:
  1. Interactive diagram of teachers and students of Imam Muslim by Happy Books
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Abdullah ibn Masud (died 653) taughtAli (607–661) fourth caliph taughtAisha, Muhammad's wife and Abu Bakr's daughter taughtAbd Allah ibn Abbas (618–687) taughtZayd ibn Thabit (610–660) taughtUmar (579–644) second caliph taughtAbu Hurairah (603–681) taught
Alqama ibn Qays (died 681) taughtHusayn ibn Ali (626–680) taughtQasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (657–725) taught and raised by AishaUrwah ibn Zubayr (died 713) taught by Aisha, he then taughtSaid ibn al-Musayyib (637–715) taughtAbdullah ibn Umar (614–693) taughtAbd Allah ibn al-Zubayr (624–692) taught by Aisha, he then taught
Ibrahim al-Nakha’i taughtAli ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin (659–712) taughtHisham ibn Urwah (667–772) taughtIbn Shihab al-Zuhri (died 741) taughtSalim ibn Abd-Allah ibn Umar taughtUmar ibn Abdul Aziz (682–720) raised and taught by Abdullah ibn Umar
Hammad bin ibi Sulman taughtMuhammad al-Baqir (676–733) taughtFarwah bint al-Qasim Jafar's mother
Abu Hanifa (699–767) wrote Al Fiqh Al Akbar and Kitab Al-Athar, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni Sufi, Barelvi, Deobandi, Zaidiyyah and originally by the Fatimid and taughtZayd ibn Ali (695–740)Ja'far bin Muhammad Al-Baqir (702–765) Muhammad and Ali's great great grand son, jurisprudence followed by Shia, he taughtMalik ibn Anas (711–795) wrote Muwatta, jurisprudence from early Medina period now mostly followed by Sunni in Africa, Sunni Sufi and taughtAl-Waqidi (748–822) wrote history books like Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, student of Malik ibn AnasAbu Muhammad Abdullah ibn Abdul Hakam (died 829) wrote biographies and history books, student of Malik ibn Anas
Abu Yusuf (729–798) wrote Usul al-fiqhMuhammad al-Shaybani (749–805)al-Shafi‘i (767–820) wrote Al-Risala, jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and taughtIsmail ibn IbrahimAli ibn al-Madini (778–849) wrote The Book of Knowledge of the CompanionsIbn Hisham (died 833) wrote early history and As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah, Muhammad's biography
Isma'il ibn Ja'far (719–775)Musa al-Kadhim (745–799)Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780–855) wrote Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal jurisprudence followed by Sunni, Sunni sufi and hadith booksMuhammad al-Bukhari (810–870) wrote Sahih al-Bukhari hadith booksMuslim ibn al-Hajjaj (815–875) wrote Sahih Muslim hadith booksDawud al-Zahiri (815–883/4) founded the Zahiri schoolMuhammad ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi (824–892) wrote Jami` at-Tirmidhi hadith booksAl-Baladhuri (died 892) wrote early history Futuh al-Buldan, Genealogies of the Nobles
Ibn Majah (824–887) wrote Sunan ibn Majah hadith bookAbu Dawood (817–889) wrote Sunan Abu Dawood Hadith Book
Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864- 941) wrote Kitab al-Kafi hadith book followed by Twelver ShiaMuhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838–923) wrote History of the Prophets and Kings, Tafsir al-TabariAbu Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936) wrote Maqālāt al-islāmīyīn, Kitāb al-luma, Kitāb al-ibāna 'an usūl al-diyāna
Ibn Babawayh (923–991) wrote Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih jurisprudence followed by Twelver ShiaSharif Razi (930–977) wrote Nahj al-Balagha followed by Twelver ShiaNasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201–1274) wrote jurisprudence books followed by Ismaili and Twelver ShiaAl-Ghazali (1058–1111) wrote The Niche for Lights, The Incoherence of the Philosophers, The Alchemy of Happiness on SufismRumi (1207–1273) wrote Masnavi, Diwan-e Shams-e Tabrizi on Sufism
Key: Some of Muhammad's CompanionsKey: Taught in MedinaKey: Taught in IraqKey: Worked in SyriaKey: Travelled extensively collecting the sayings of Muhammad and compiled books of hadithKey: Worked in Persia
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