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FIES (Ficheros de Internos de Especial Seguimiento, meaning "Files of Inmates under Special Monitoring") is a restrictive Spanish prison regime which involves 22 hours of solitary confinement every day. After first being imposed on those convicted of terrorism or membership of armed groups such as ETA, it was extended to particularly violent prisoners and major drug traffickers. FIES has been criticised for being applied to prisoners who have not committed offences covered by the regime.

Regime

The FIES regime (Ficheros de Internos de Especial Seguimiento, meaning "Files of Inmates under Special Monitoring") places prisoners into a restrictive system which involves 22 hours of solitary confinement every day, monitoring of all communications without judicial oversight and frequent changes of both cell and prison.^[1] FIES was first mentioned in 1989 in a circular which advised placing prisoners who were convicted of terrorism or membership of armed groups into the regime; two years later it was extended to include particularly violent prisoners and major drug traffickers. Under FIES, all details about the prisoner's existence and interactions are recorded.^[2] In 2002, the United Nations Committee Against Torture criticised FIES and the Supreme Court of Spain modified the regime in 2009. As of 2021, it covered five categories, namely: FIES-1 CD (Direct Control); FIES-2 DO (Organized Delinquency); FIES-3 BA (Armed Groups), FIES-4 FS (Security); FIES-5 CE (Special Characteristics).^[2]

The first prison to use the FIES regime was in Badajoz and Patxi Zamoro was the first FIES inmate.^[3]^[1] Anarchist Xosé Tarrío González [es] wrote a book about his incarceration entitled Huye, hombre, huye: diario de un prisono FIES (Flee, man, flee: diary of a FIES prisoner);^[3] he died in the FIES unit at Coruna in 2005.^[4] Insurrectionary anarchist Gabriel Pombo da Silva escaped from a FIES unit in 2004 before being re-arrested and put back in the regime in 2020, under the FIES-5 category.^[4]^[3] Other prisoners such as Jose Antonio Cano have killed themselves whilst incarcerated.^[4] In 2018, there were prisoners held under the FIES regime at A Lama prison [es] and Puerto III, the high security section of Puerto de Santa María prison [es].^[5]

FIES has been criticised for being applied to prisoners who have not committed offences covered by the regime. For example, Vladimir Kokorev, Yulia Maleeva and their son Igor were arrested on an Interpol notice in Panama in 2015, on suspicion of money laundering on behalf of Teodoro Obiang, President of Equatorial Guinea. They were extradited to Spain and held in pre-trial detention in a prison on the Canary Islands under the FIES regime, without any charge being made against them. In 2019, their lawyer took their case to the European Court of Human Rights.^[6]^[7] In another case, the non-governmental organisation Fair Trials noted that ten young people were arrested after a bar fight with two off-duty police officers in Alsasua, in the province of Navarre. Three were held for eighteen months in pre-trial detention under the FIES regime before being convicted on charges not related to terrorism.^[6]^[8]

Basque National Liberation Movement prisoners have been held under FIES.^[9] After ETA ceased armed struggle in 2011, the General Secretariat of Penitentiary Institutions confirmed that 40 ETA prisoners including Iñaki Bilbao Goikoetxea would remain in the FIES regime.^[10]^[11] Other inmates have included murderer Fabrizio João Silva,^[12] jihadist Younes Zayyad,^[11] and Roberto Vaquero, general secretary of the Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction), who was convicted of possession of explosives and collaboration with the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a proscribed group in Spain.^[13]^[14] Politician Rodrigo Rato was convicted on embezzlement charges and placed into the FIES regime in 2017 alongside 14 co-conspirators.^[15]^[16] Two puppeteers were detained under FIES category 3 (membership of armed groups) after a performance in 2016, before being acquitted at trial.^[16]

References

^ ^a ^b Ronco, Daniela; Sbraccia, Alvise; Torrente, Giovanni (2019). Prison de-radicalization strategies, programs and risk assessment tools in Europe. European Prison Observatory. p. 19. ISBN 978-88-98688-29-6.
^ ^a ^b Peña, Irene de las Heras (2021). "Los ficheros de internos de especial seguimiento como mecanismos de restricción de los derechos fundamentales: Análisis desde una perspectiva jurídica y criminológica". Revista Electrónica de Estudios Penales y de la Seguridad: REEPS. 9. ISSN 2531-1565. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c Garcia, Ter (27 December 2020). "La vida tras las rejas del anarquista gallego Gabriel Pombo da Silva". El Salto (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c Hanrahan, Jake (13 February 2013). "Meet the Nihilist-Anarchist Network Bringing Chaos to a Town Near You". Vice. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
^ Cedeira, Brais (31 January 2018). "El Chicle seguirá en la cárcel de A Lama: recluido en Enfermería y sin pisar el patio". El Español (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
^ ^a ^b Fautré, Willy (8 January 2020). "Abuse of pre-trial detention and terrorism charges by #Spain to be denounced at the #UN". EU Reporter. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
^ "The Kokorev Case becomes a EU-wide affair". Brussels Times. 3 October 2017. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
^ "Terrorism & a Bar Fight in Spain". European Liberties Platform. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
^ Poynting, Scott; Whyte, David (2012). Counter-Terrorism and State Political Violence: The 'war on Terror' as Terror. Routledge. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-415-60720-9. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
^ "Interior mantiene su política penitenciaria con los presos de ETA pese a la disolución de la banda". Publico. EFE. 17 May 2018. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
^ ^a ^b Garofano, Laura (25 July 2018). "El módulo del mal". El Mundo (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
^ "El preso más peligroso de España se declara en rebeldía". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 22 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
^ "Prisión para el líder de Reconstrucción Comunista por colaborar con el PKK kurdo". El Diario (in Spanish). EFE. 29 January 2016. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
^ "Lenin y Stalin 'toman' el Castillo de Monteagudo con una gran pancarta". Murcia Plaza (in Spanish). 26 January 2022. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
^ "Lee la sentencia íntegra de las tarjetas 'black' que confirma la condena a Rato". El País (in Spanish). 3 October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
^ ^a ^b López-Fonseca, Óscar (15 January 2019). "Interior incluye a los 15 presos de las black en un fichero de reclusos de "especial seguimiento"". El País (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.

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-'''FIES''' ({{lang|es|Ficheros de Internos de Especial Seguimiento}}, meaning "Files of Inmates under Special Monitoring") is a restrictive Spanish prison regime which involves 22 hours of [[solitary confinement]] every day. After first being imposed on those convicted of terrorism or membership of armed groups such as [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]] , it was extended to particularly violent prisoners and major drug traffickers. FIES has been criticised for being applied to prisoners who have not committed offences covered by the regime.
+'''FIES''' ({{lang|es|Ficheros de Internos de Especial Seguimiento}}, meaning "Files of Inmates under Special Monitoring") is a restrictive Spanish prison regime which involves 22 hours of [[solitary confinement]] every day. After first being imposed on those convicted of terrorism or membership of armed groups such as [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]], it was extended to particularly violent prisoners and major drug traffickers. FIES has been criticised for being applied to prisoners who have not committed offences covered by the regime.
 ==Regime==
+[[File:Centro penitenciario da Lama.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Prison buildings seen from above set in woodland|A Lama prison in 2011]]
-The FIES regime ({{lang|es|Ficheros de Internos de Especial Seguimiento}}, meaning "Files of Inmates under Special Monitoring") places prisoners into a restrictive system which involves 22 hours of [[solitary confinement]] every day, monitoring of all communications without judicial oversight and frequent changes of both cell and prison.<ref name="EPO">{{cite book |last1=Ronco |first1=Daniela |last2=Sbraccia |first2=Alvise |last3=Torrente |first3=Giovanni |title=Prison de-radicalization strategies, programs and risk assessment tools in Europe |date=2019 |publisher=European Prison Observatory |isbn=978-88-98688-29-6 |page=19}}</ref> FIES was first mentioned in 1989 in a circular which advised placing prisoners who were convicted of terrorism or membership of armed groups into the regime; two years later it was extended to include particularly violent prisoners and major drug traffickers. Under FIES, all details about the prisoner's existence and interactions are recorded.<ref name="REEPS">{{cite journal |last1=Peña |first1=Irene de las Heras |title=Los ficheros de internos de especial seguimiento como mecanismos de restricción de los derechos fundamentales: Análisis desde una perspectiva jurídica y criminológica |journal=Revista Electrónica de Estudios Penales y de la Seguridad: REEPS |date=2021 |volume=9 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8356108 |issn=2531-1565}}</ref> In 2002, the [[United Nations]] [[Committee Against Torture]] criticised FIES and the [[Supreme Court of Spain]] modified the regime in 2009. As of 2021, it covered five categories, namely: FIES-1 CD (Direct Control); FIES-2 DO (Organized Delinquency); FIES-3 BA (Armed Groups), FIES-4 FS (Security); FIES-5 CE (Special Characteristics).<ref name="REEPS" />
+The FIES regime ({{lang|es|Ficheros de Internos de Especial Seguimiento}}, meaning "Files of Inmates under Special Monitoring") places prisoners into a restrictive system which involves 22 hours of [[solitary confinement]] every day, monitoring of all communications without judicial oversight and frequent changes of both cell and prison.<ref name="EPO">{{cite book |last1=Ronco |first1=Daniela |last2=Sbraccia |first2=Alvise |last3=Torrente |first3=Giovanni |title=Prison de-radicalization strategies, programs and risk assessment tools in Europe |date=2019 |publisher=European Prison Observatory |isbn=978-88-98688-29-6 |page=19}}</ref> FIES was first mentioned in 1989 in a circular which advised placing prisoners who were convicted of terrorism or membership of armed groups into the regime; two years later it was extended to include particularly violent prisoners and major drug traffickers. Under FIES, all details about the prisoner's existence and interactions are recorded.<ref name="REEPS">{{cite journal |last1=Peña |first1=Irene de las Heras |title=Los ficheros de internos de especial seguimiento como mecanismos de restricción de los derechos fundamentales: Análisis desde una perspectiva jurídica y criminológica |journal=Revista Electrónica de Estudios Penales y de la Seguridad: REEPS |date=2021 |volume=9 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8356108 |issn=2531-1565 |access-date=2 March 2023 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302134707/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8356108 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002, the [[United Nations]] [[Committee Against Torture]] criticised FIES and the [[Supreme Court of Spain]] modified the regime in 2009. As of 2021, it covered five categories, namely: FIES-1 CD (Direct Control); FIES-2 DO (Organized Delinquency); FIES-3 BA (Armed Groups), FIES-4 FS (Security); FIES-5 CE (Special Characteristics).<ref name="REEPS" />
-The first prison to use the FIES regime was in [[Badajoz]] and [[Patxi Zamoro]] was the first FIES inmate.<ref name="Garcia">{{cite news |last1=Garcia |first1=Ter |title=La vida tras las rejas del anarquista gallego Gabriel Pombo da Silva |url=https://www.elsaltodiario.com/carceles/la-vida-tras-las-rejas-del-anarquista-gallego-gabriel-pombo-da-silva |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=El Salto |date=27 December 2020 |language=local}}</ref><ref name="EPO" /> [[Anarchist]] {{ill|Xosé Tarrío González|es}} wrote a book about his incarceration entitled ''Huye, hombre, huye: diario de un prisono FIES'' (''Flee, man, flee: diary of a FIES prisoner'');<ref name="Garcia" /> he died in the FIES unit at Coruna in 2005.<ref name="Hanrahan" /> [[Insurrectionary anarchist]] [[Gabriel Pombo da Silva]] escaped from a FIES unit in 2004 before being re-arrested and put back in the regime in 2020, under the FIES-5 category.<ref name="Hanrahan">{{cite news |last1=Hanrahan |first1=Jake |title=Meet the Nihilist-Anarchist Network Bringing Chaos to a Town Near You |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/mvpyyy/the-fai-are-the-worlds-true-anarchists |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=Vice |date=13 February 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Garcia" /> Other prisoners such as Jose Antonio Cano have killed themselves whilst incarcerated.<ref name="Hanrahan" /> In 2018, there were prisoners held under the FIES regime at {{ill|A Lama prison|es|Centro Penitenciario de La Lama}} and Puerto III, the high security section of {{ill|Puerto de Santa María prison|es|Penal de El Puerto de Santa María}}.<ref name="Cedeira">{{cite news |last1=Cedeira |first1=Brais |title=El Chicle seguirá en la cárcel de A Lama: recluido en Enfermería y sin pisar el patio |url=https://www.elespanol.com/reportajes/20180131/chicle-seguira-carcel-lama-recluido-enfermeria-sin/281472516_0.html |access-date=2 March 2023 |work=El Español |date=31 January 2018 |language=es}}</ref>
+The first prison to use the FIES regime was in [[Badajoz]] and [[Patxi Zamoro]] was the first FIES inmate.<ref name="Garcia">{{cite news |last1=Garcia |first1=Ter |title=La vida tras las rejas del anarquista gallego Gabriel Pombo da Silva |url=https://www.elsaltodiario.com/carceles/la-vida-tras-las-rejas-del-anarquista-gallego-gabriel-pombo-da-silva |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=El Salto |date=27 December 2020 |language=es |archive-date=4 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304131635/https://www.elsaltodiario.com/carceles/la-vida-tras-las-rejas-del-anarquista-gallego-gabriel-pombo-da-silva |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="EPO" /> [[Anarchist]] {{ill|Xosé Tarrío González|es}} wrote a book about his incarceration entitled ''Huye, hombre, huye: diario de un prisono FIES'' (''Flee, man, flee: diary of a FIES prisoner'');<ref name="Garcia" /> he died in the FIES unit at Coruna in 2005.<ref name="Hanrahan" /> [[Insurrectionary anarchist]] [[Gabriel Pombo da Silva]] escaped from a FIES unit in 2004 before being re-arrested and put back in the regime in 2020, under the FIES-5 category.<ref name="Hanrahan">{{cite news |last1=Hanrahan |first1=Jake |title=Meet the Nihilist-Anarchist Network Bringing Chaos to a Town Near You |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/mvpyyy/the-fai-are-the-worlds-true-anarchists |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=Vice |date=13 February 2013 |language=en |archive-date=20 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020043204/https://www.vice.com/en/article/mvpyyy/the-fai-are-the-worlds-true-anarchists |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Garcia" /> Other prisoners such as Jose Antonio Cano have killed themselves whilst incarcerated.<ref name="Hanrahan" /> In 2018, there were prisoners held under the FIES regime at {{ill|A Lama prison|es|Centro Penitenciario de La Lama}} and Puerto III, the high security section of {{ill|Puerto de Santa María prison|es|Penal de El Puerto de Santa María}}.<ref name="Cedeira">{{cite news |last1=Cedeira |first1=Brais |title=El Chicle seguirá en la cárcel de A Lama: recluido en Enfermería y sin pisar el patio |url=https://www.elespanol.com/reportajes/20180131/chicle-seguira-carcel-lama-recluido-enfermeria-sin/281472516_0.html |access-date=2 March 2023 |work=El Español |date=31 January 2018 |language=es |archive-date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302130128/https://www.elespanol.com/reportajes/20180131/chicle-seguira-carcel-lama-recluido-enfermeria-sin/281472516_0.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
-FIES has been criticised for being applied to prisoners who have not committed offences covered by the regime. For example, Vladimir Kokorev, Yulia Maleeva and their son Igor were arrested on an [[Interpol notice]] in [[Panama]] in 2015, on suspicion of [[money laundering]] on behalf of [[Teodoro Obiang]], [[President of Equatorial Guinea]]. They were extradited to Spain and held in pre-trial detention in a prison on the [[Canary Islands]] under the FIES regime, without any charge being made against them. In 2019, their lawyer took their case to the [[European Court of Human Rights]].<ref name="Fautré">{{cite news |last1=Fautré |first1=Willy |title=Abuse of pre-trial detention and terrorism charges by #Spain to be denounced at the #UN |url=https://www.eureporter.co/frontpage/2020/01/08/abuse-of-pre-trial-detention-and-terrorism-charges-by-spain-to-be-denounced-at-the-un/ |access-date=2 March 2023 |work=EU Reporter |date=8 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="BT">{{cite news |title=The Kokorev Case becomes a EU-wide affair |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/44433/the-kokorev-case-becomes-a-eu-wide-affair |access-date=2 March 2023 |work=Brussels Times |date=3 October 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In another case, the non-governmental organisation [[Fair Trials]] noted that ten young people were arrested after a bar fight with two off-duty police officers in [[Alsasua]], in the province of [[Navarre]]. Three were held for eighteen months in pre-trial detention under the FIES regime before being convicted on charges not related to terrorism.<ref name="Fautré" /><ref name="ELP">{{cite web |title=Terrorism &amp; a Bar Fight in Spain |url=https://www.liberties.eu/en/stories/on-terrorism-and-a-bar-fight-in-navarre/13679 |website=European Liberties Platform |access-date=4 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
+FIES has been criticised for being applied to prisoners who have not committed offences covered by the regime. For example, Vladimir Kokorev, Yulia Maleeva and their son Igor were arrested on an [[Interpol notice]] in [[Panama]] in 2015, on suspicion of [[money laundering]] on behalf of [[Teodoro Obiang]], [[President of Equatorial Guinea]]. They were extradited to Spain and held in pre-trial detention in a prison on the [[Canary Islands]] under the FIES regime, without any charge being made against them. In 2019, their lawyer took their case to the [[European Court of Human Rights]].<ref name="Fautré">{{cite news |last1=Fautré |first1=Willy |author-link1=Willy Fautré |title=Abuse of pre-trial detention and terrorism charges by #Spain to be denounced at the #UN |url=https://www.eureporter.co/frontpage/2020/01/08/abuse-of-pre-trial-detention-and-terrorism-charges-by-spain-to-be-denounced-at-the-un/ |access-date=2 March 2023 |work=EU Reporter |date=8 January 2020 |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203124611/https://www.eureporter.co/frontpage/2020/01/08/abuse-of-pre-trial-detention-and-terrorism-charges-by-spain-to-be-denounced-at-the-un/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BT">{{cite news |title=The Kokorev Case becomes a EU-wide affair |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/44433/the-kokorev-case-becomes-a-eu-wide-affair |access-date=2 March 2023 |work=Brussels Times |date=3 October 2017 |language=en |archive-date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302141609/https://www.brusselstimes.com/44433/the-kokorev-case-becomes-a-eu-wide-affair |url-status=live }}</ref> In another case, the non-governmental organisation [[Fair Trials]] noted that ten young people were arrested after a bar fight with two off-duty police officers in [[Alsasua]], in the province of [[Navarre]]. Three were held for eighteen months in pre-trial detention under the FIES regime before being convicted on charges not related to terrorism.<ref name="Fautré" /><ref name="ELP">{{cite web |title=Terrorism & a Bar Fight in Spain |url=https://www.liberties.eu/en/stories/on-terrorism-and-a-bar-fight-in-navarre/13679 |website=European Liberties Platform |access-date=4 March 2023 |language=en |archive-date=4 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304135329/https://www.liberties.eu/en/stories/on-terrorism-and-a-bar-fight-in-navarre/13679 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-[[Basque National Liberation Movement prisoners]] have been held under FIES.<ref name="State">{{cite book |last1=Poynting |first1=Scott |last2=Whyte |first2=David |title=Counter-Terrorism and State Political Violence: The 'war on Terror' as Terror |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-60720-9 |page=188 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BFULCz8rkbUC |language=en}}</ref> After ETA [[ETA_(separatist_group)#2011_permanent_ceasefire_and_cessation_of_armed_activity|ceased armed struggle]] in 2011, the General Secretariat of Penitentiary Institutions confirmed that 40 [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]] prisoners including [[Iñaki Bilbao Goikoetxea]] would remain in the FIES regime.<ref name="Publico">{{cite news |title=Interior mantiene su política penitenciaria con los presos de ETA pese a la disolución de la banda |url=https://www.publico.es/politica/eta-interior-mantiene-politica-penitenciaria-presos-eta-pese-disolucion-banda.html |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=Publico |agency=EFE |date=17 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="Mal" /> Other inmates have included murderer Fabrizio João Silva,<ref name="Peligroso">{{cite news |title=El preso más peligroso de España se declara en rebeldía |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20190322/461165539835/fabrizio-joao-silva-preso-peligroso-espana-rebeldia.html |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=La Vanguardia |date=22 March 2019 |language=es}}</ref> jihadist Younes Zayyad,<ref name="Mal">{{cite news |last1=Garofano |first1=Laura |title=El módulo del mal |url=https://www.elmundo.es/cronica/2018/07/26/5b54630222601d75088b463c.html |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=El Mundo |date=25 July 2018 |language=es}}</ref> and Roberto Vaquero, general secretary of the [[Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction)]], who was convicted of possession of explosives and collaboration with the [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] (PKK), a proscribed group in Spain.<ref name="Lider">{{cite news |title=Prisión para el líder de Reconstrucción Comunista por colaborar con el PKK kurdo |url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/prision-reconstruccion-comunista-colaborar-pkk_1_4214283.html |access-date=2 March 2023 |work=El Diario |agency=EFE |date=29 January 2016 |language=es}}</ref><ref name="MP">{{cite news |title=Lenin y Stalin 'toman' el Castillo de Monteagudo con una gran pancarta |url=https://murciaplaza.com/leninystalintomanelcastillodemonteagudoconunagranpancarta |access-date=2 March 2023 |work=Murcia Plaza |date=26 January 2022 |language=es}}</ref> Politician [[Rodrigo Rato]] was convicted on embezzlement charges and placed into the FIES regime in 2017 alongside 14 co-conspirators.<ref name="Sentencia">{{cite news |title=Lee la sentencia íntegra de las tarjetas ‘black’ que confirma la condena a Rato |url=https://elpais.com/economia/2018/10/03/actualidad/1538570607_587903.html?rel=mas |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=El País |date=3 October 2018 |language=es}}</ref><ref name="Interior">{{cite news |last1=López-Fonseca |first1=Óscar |title=Interior incluye a los 15 presos de las black en un fichero de reclusos de “especial seguimiento” |url=https://elpais.com/economia/2019/01/15/actualidad/1547551541_569281.html |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=El País |date=15 January 2019 |language=es}}</ref> Two puppeteers were detained under FIES category 3 (membership of armed groups) after a performance in 2016, before being acquitted at trial.<ref name="Interior" />
+[[Basque National Liberation Movement prisoners]] have been held under FIES.<ref name="State">{{cite book |last1=Poynting |first1=Scott |last2=Whyte |first2=David |title=Counter-Terrorism and State Political Violence: The 'war on Terror' as Terror |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-60720-9 |page=188 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BFULCz8rkbUC |language=en |access-date=4 March 2023 |archive-date=4 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304132302/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BFULCz8rkbUC |url-status=live }}</ref> After ETA [[ETA_(separatist_group)#2011_permanent_ceasefire_and_cessation_of_armed_activity|ceased armed struggle]] in 2011, the General Secretariat of Penitentiary Institutions confirmed that 40 [[ETA (separatist group)|ETA]] prisoners including [[Iñaki Bilbao Goikoetxea]] would remain in the FIES regime.<ref name="Publico">{{cite news |title=Interior mantiene su política penitenciaria con los presos de ETA pese a la disolución de la banda |url=https://www.publico.es/politica/eta-interior-mantiene-politica-penitenciaria-presos-eta-pese-disolucion-banda.html |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=Publico |agency=EFE |date=17 May 2018 |archive-date=4 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304135939/https://www.publico.es/politica/eta-interior-mantiene-politica-penitenciaria-presos-eta-pese-disolucion-banda.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Mal" /> Other inmates have included murderer Fabrizio João Silva,<ref name="Peligroso">{{cite news |title=El preso más peligroso de España se declara en rebeldía |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20190322/461165539835/fabrizio-joao-silva-preso-peligroso-espana-rebeldia.html |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=La Vanguardia |date=22 March 2019 |language=es |archive-date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302131411/https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20190322/461165539835/fabrizio-joao-silva-preso-peligroso-espana-rebeldia.html |url-status=live }}</ref> jihadist Younes Zayyad,<ref name="Mal">{{cite news |last1=Garofano |first1=Laura |title=El módulo del mal |url=https://www.elmundo.es/cronica/2018/07/26/5b54630222601d75088b463c.html |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=El Mundo |date=25 July 2018 |language=es |archive-date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302133313/https://www.elmundo.es/cronica/2018/07/26/5b54630222601d75088b463c.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and Roberto Vaquero, general secretary of the [[Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction)]], who was convicted of possession of explosives and collaboration with the [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] (PKK), a proscribed group in Spain.<ref name="Lider">{{cite news |title=Prisión para el líder de Reconstrucción Comunista por colaborar con el PKK kurdo |url=https://www.eldiario.es/politica/prision-reconstruccion-comunista-colaborar-pkk_1_4214283.html |access-date=2 March 2023 |work=El Diario |agency=EFE |date=29 January 2016 |language=es |archive-date=6 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106122535/https://www.eldiario.es/politica/prision-reconstruccion-comunista-colaborar-pkk_1_4214283.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="MP">{{cite news |title=Lenin y Stalin 'toman' el Castillo de Monteagudo con una gran pancarta |url=https://murciaplaza.com/leninystalintomanelcastillodemonteagudoconunagranpancarta |access-date=2 March 2023 |work=Murcia Plaza |date=26 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302131518/https://murciaplaza.com/leninystalintomanelcastillodemonteagudoconunagranpancarta |url-status=live }}</ref> Politician [[Rodrigo Rato]] was convicted on [[embezzlement]] charges and placed into the FIES regime in 2017 alongside 14 co-conspirators.<ref name="Sentencia">{{cite news |title=Lee la sentencia íntegra de las tarjetas 'black' que confirma la condena a Rato |url=https://elpais.com/economia/2018/10/03/actualidad/1538570607_587903.html?rel=mas |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=El País |date=3 October 2018 |language=es |archive-date=4 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304133503/https://elpais.com/economia/2018/10/03/actualidad/1538570607_587903.html?rel=mas |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Interior">{{cite news |last1=López-Fonseca |first1=Óscar |title=Interior incluye a los 15 presos de las black en un fichero de reclusos de "especial seguimiento" |url=https://elpais.com/economia/2019/01/15/actualidad/1547551541_569281.html |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=El País |date=15 January 2019 |language=es |archive-date=4 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304133505/https://elpais.com/economia/2019/01/15/actualidad/1547551541_569281.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Two puppeteers were detained under FIES category 3 (membership of armed groups) after a performance in 2016, before being acquitted at trial.<ref name="Interior" />
 ==See also==
@@ Line 18: / Line 20: @@
 ==References==
 {{Reflist}}
+{{Authority control}}
 ==Further reading==
 * {{cite web |title=Report to the Spanish Government on the visit to Spain carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) |url=https://rm.coe.int/pdf/168076696b |website=Council of Europe |access-date=4 March 2023}}
+[[Category:Prisons in Spain]]