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Coordinates: 46°40′N 11°10′E / 46.667°N 11.167°E / 46.667; 11.167
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{{otheruses}}
{{Other uses}}
{{redirect|Meran}}
{{Redirect|Meran}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name = Merano<br />Meran
| name = Meran/Merano
| official_name = Comune di Merano<br/>Stadtgemeinde Meran
| official_name = Comune di Merano<br />Stadtgemeinde Meran
| native_name = {{native name|lld|Maran}}
| native_name = {{native name|lld|Maran}}
| image_skyline = Blick über Meran nach Nordwesten.jpg
| image_skyline = Blick über Meran nach Nordwesten.jpg
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| image_shield = ITA Merano COA.svg
| image_shield = ITA Merano COA.svg
| shield_alt =
| shield_alt =
| image_map =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|46|40|N|11|10|E|type:city(99299)_region:IT-BZ|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|46|40|N|11|10|E|type:city(99299)_region:IT-BZ|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region = [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]]
| region = [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]]
| province = [[South Tyrol]] (BZ)
| province = [[South Tyrol]] (BZ)
| frazioni = Centro (Altstadt), Maia Alta (Obermais), Maia Bassa (Untermais), Quarazze (Gratsch), Sinigo (Sinich), Labers
| frazioni = Centro (Altstadt), Maia Alta (Obermais), Maia Bassa (Untermais), Quarazze (Gratsch), Sinigo (Sinich), Labers
| mayor_party =
| mayor_party =
| mayor = Dario Dal Medico
| mayor = Dario Dal Medico
| area_footnotes =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 26.34
| area_total_km2 = 26.34
| population_footnotes =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 41051
| population_total = 41051
| population_as_of = 30-06-2018
| population_as_of = 30-06-2018
| pop_density_footnotes =
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Meranese/Meraner
| population_demonym = Meranese/Meraner
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 325
| elevation_m = 325
| twin1 =
| twin1 =
| twin1_country =
| twin1_country =
| saint = St Nicholas
| saint = St Nicholas
| day = December 6
| day = December 6
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| area_code = 0473
| area_code = 0473
| website = {{Official website|https://www.gemeinde.meran.bz.it}}
| website = {{Official website|https://www.gemeinde.meran.bz.it}}
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
⚫
'''Merano''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|m|ə|ˈ|r|ɑː|n|oʊ}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/merano|title=Merano|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=28 May 2019}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|m|eɪ|ˈ|-}},<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Merano|access-date=28 May 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-it|meˈraːno|lang|Merano.ogg}}) or '''Meran''' ({{IPA-de|ˌmeːˈʁɑːn|lang|De-Meran.ogg}}) is a city and ''[[comune]]'' in [[South Tyrol]], northern Italy. Generally best known for its [[Spa town|spa]] resorts, it is located within a [[Depression (geology)|basin]], surrounded by mountains standing up to {{convert|3335|m|0|abbr=off}} [[above mean sea level|above sea level]], at the entrance to the [[Passeier Valley]] and the [[Vinschgau]].


⚫
'''Merano''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|m|ə|ˈ|r|ɑː|n|oʊ}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/merano|title=Merano|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=28 May 2019}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|m|eɪ|ˈ|-}};<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Merano|access-date=28 May 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|it|meˈraːno|lang|Merano.ogg}}) or '''Meran''' ({{IPA|de-IT|meˈʁaːn|lang|De-Meran.ogg}}) is a {{lang|it|[[comune]]}} (municipality) in [[South Tyrol]], [[Northern Italy]]. Generally best known for its [[Spa town|spa]] resorts, it is located within a [[Depression (geology)|basin]], surrounded by mountains standing up to {{convert|3335|m|0|abbr=off}} [[Height above mean sea level|above sea level]], at the entrance to the [[Passeier Valley]] and the [[Vinschgau]].
⚫
In the past, the city has been a popular place of residence for several scientists, literary people, and artists, including [[Franz Kafka]], [[Ezra Pound]], [[Paul Lazarsfeld]], and also [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]], who appreciated its mild [[climate]].

⚫
The city has been a popular place of residence for several scientists, literary people, and artists, including [[Franz Kafka]], [[Paul Lazarsfeld]] and also [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]], who appreciated its mild [[climate]].


==Name==
==Name==
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==History==
==History==
In 17th-century [[Latin language|Latin]], the city was called ''Meranum''.<ref>[[Johann Jacob Hofmann]], ''[[Lexicon Universale]]'' (1698), lemma [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0588b.html 'Tirolis']</ref> Other archaic names are ''Mairania'' (from 857 AD) and ''an der Meran'' (from the 15th century).<ref>Egon Kühebacher, ''Die Ortsnamen Südtirols'', Vol. 1 (2000), lemma ''Meran''</ref>
Archaic names of the city are ''Mairania'' (from AD 857) and ''an der Meran'' (from the 15th century).<ref>Egon Kühebacher, ''Die Ortsnamen Südtirols'', Vol. 1 (2000), lemma ''Meran''</ref> In 17th-century [[Latin language|Latin]], the city was called ''Meranum''.<ref>[[Johann Jacob Hofmann]], ''[[Lexicon Universale]]'' (1698), lemma [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0588b.html 'Tirolis']</ref>


===Origin===
===Origin===
[[File:Karte der Umgebung von Meran.jpg|thumb|left|Historical map of Merano and surrounding area (1888)]]
[[File:Karte der Umgebung von Meran.jpg|thumb|left|Historical map of the city and surrounding area (1888)]]
⚫
[[File:Postbruecke Meran 3.jpg|thumb|left|The city's coat of arms on the ''Postbrücke'' (postal bridge).]]
⚫
The area has been inhabited since the third millennium BC, as shown by the presence of [[menhir]]s and other findings. The story of the city proper began in 15 BC when the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] occupied the [[Adige]] valley founding a road station, ''Statio Maiensis''.


⚫
The area has been inhabited since the third millennium BC, as shown by the presence of [[menhir]]s and other finds. The story of the city proper began in 15 BC when the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] occupied the [[Adige]] valley founding a road station, ''Statio Maiensis''.
⚫
The settlement was first mentioned in an 857 deed as ''Mairania''. The Counts at [[Castle Tyrol]] elevated Merano to the status of a [[German town law|city]] during the 13th century and made it the capital of their [[County of Tyrol]]. After the county had been handed over to the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg dynasty]] in 1363 upon the abdication of [[Margaret, Countess of Tyrol]], in 1420 Duke [[Frederick IV, Duke of Austria|Friedrich IV]] of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]] moved the Tyrolean court to [[Innsbruck]]. Though Merano remained the official capital until 1848, it subsequently lost its predominant position and almost all its importance as an economic hub across the roads connecting Italy and Germany. The important mint was also moved to [[Hall in Tirol|Hall]] in 1477.

⚫
The settlement was first mentioned in an 857 deed as ''Mairania''. The Counts at [[Castle Tyrol]] elevated Merano to the status of a [[German town law|city]] during the 13th century and made it the capital of their [[County of Tyrol]]. After the county had been handed over to the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg dynasty]] in 1363 upon the abdication of [[Margaret, Countess of Tyrol]], in 1420 Duke [[Frederick IV, Duke of Austria|Friedrich IV]] of [[Duchy of Austria|Austria]] moved the Tyrolean court to [[Innsbruck]]. Though Merano remained the official capital until 1848, it subsequently lost its predominant position and almost all its importance as an economic hub across the roads connecting Italy and Germany. The important mint was also moved to [[Hall in Tirol]] in 1477.<ref>https://www.muenze-hall.at/en/COINING/MUeNZ-AUFTRAGSPRAeGUNG {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>


===Modern history===
===Modern history===
The [[Tyrolean Rebellion 1809|Tyrolean Rebellion of 1809]] against the [[First French Empire|French]] occupation drew attention again to Merano. In that year, on the Küchelberg above the city, a peasants' army eked out a victory against the united French and [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] forces before their revolt was finally crushed. After [[World War I]], under the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)|Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye]] Merano became part of the [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]] with the rest of the southern part of the former [[Cisleithania]]n crown land of Tyrol.
The [[Tyrolean Rebellion 1809|Tyrolean Rebellion of 1809]] against the [[First French Empire|French]] occupation drew attention again to Merano. In that year, on the Küchelberg above the city, a peasants' army eked out a victory against the united French and [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Bavarian]] forces before their revolt was finally crushed. After [[World War I]], under the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)|Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], Merano became part of the [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Kingdom of Italy]] with the rest of the southern part of the former [[Cisleithania]]n crown land of Tyrol.


During the [[Nazi]] occupation of the region in 1943–5, the Meranese Jewish population was almost completely [[Holocaust|deported and murdered]] within concentration camps.<ref>{{Citation |author=Sabine Mayr |contribution = The Annihilation of the Jewish Community of Meran
During the [[Nazi]] occupation of the region in 1943–5, the Meranese Jewish population was almost completely [[Holocaust|deported and murdered]] within concentration camps.<ref>{{Citation |author=Sabine Mayr |contribution = The Annihilation of the Jewish Community of Meran
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===Coat of arms===
===Coat of arms===

⚫
The city's [[coat of arms]] depicts the red Tyrolean eagle sitting on a wall with four pieces of Ghibelline battlements and three arches that symbolize the city. The arms is known from the 14th century and the oldest seal dates from 1353, while the coloured one since 1390. In a 1759 image, the eagle is represented with a crown and a green wreath of honour. After World War I and the annexation of the city from Austria-Hungary to Italy, it was given a new coat of arms in 1928, which looked similar to the old one, but with five parts of the battlements and the arches with the gates opened on a lawn of shamrock. A mural crown was placed above the shield.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ngw.nl/int/ita/m/meran.htm |title=Meran – Merano |author=Ralf Hartemink |year=1996 |work=Heraldry of the World |access-date=17 June 2011}}</ref> The five parts of the battlement represented the districts of Maia Bassa, Merano (old city), Maia Alta, and Quarazze and [[Avelengo]], which were incorporated into the city by the Italian fascists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rathaus_Meran_3.jpg |title=Image of the coat of arms during the Italian fascist period |author=Gryffindor |year=2011 |publisher=Wikimedia Commons |access-date=17 June 2011}}</ref> After World War II, Avelengo became independent again and the historical coat of arms was restored.<ref>{{cite book |last=Prünster |first=Hans |title=Die Wappen der Gemeinden Südtirols |trans-title=The coat of arms of the municipalities of South Tyrol |series=Etschlandbücher |volume=7 |year=1972 |publisher=Landesverband für Heimatpflege in Südtirol |location=Bozen |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Gall |first=Franz |title=Österreichischer Wappenkalender |year=1960 |language=de}}</ref>
⚫
[[File:Postbruecke Meran 3.jpg|thumb|right|The city's coat of arms on the ''Postbrücke'' (postal bridge)]]

⚫
The city's [[coat of arms]] depicts the red Tyrolean eagle sitting on a wall with four pieces of Ghibelline battlements and three arches that symbolize the city. The arms is known from the 14th century and the oldest seal dates from 1353, while the coloured one since 1390. In a 1759 image, the eagle is represented with a crown and a green wreath of honour. After World War I and the annexation of the city from Austria-Hungary to Italy, it was given a new coat of arms in 1928, which looked similar to the old one, but with five parts of the battlements and the arches with the gates opened on a lawn of shamrock. A mural crown was placed above the shield.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ngw.nl/int/ita/m/meran.htm |title=Meran – Merano |author=Ralf Hartemink |year=1996 |work=Heraldry of the World |access-date=17 June 2011}}</ref> The five parts of the battlement represented the districts of Maia Bassa, Merano (old city), Maia Alta, Quarazze and [[Avelengo]], which were incorporated into the city by the Italian fascists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rathaus_Meran_3.jpg |title=Image of the coat of arms during the Italian fascist period |author=Gryffindor |year=2011 |publisher=Wikimedia Commons |access-date=17 June 2011}}</ref> After World War II, Avelengo became independent again and the historical coat of arms was restored.<ref>{{cite book |last=Prünster |first=Hans |title=Die Wappen der Gemeinden Südtirols |trans-title=The coat of arms of the municipalities of South Tyrol |series=Etschlandbücher |volume=7 |year=1972 |publisher=Landesverband für Heimatpflege in Südtirol |location=Bozen |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Gall |first=Franz |title=Österreichischer Wappenkalender |year=1960 |language=de}}</ref>


==Main sights==
==Main sights==
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Outside the city is [[Trauttmansdorff Castle]] and its [[Trauttmansdorff Castle Gardens|gardens]]. Located there is the Museum of Tourism, which was opened in the spring of 2003 and shows the historical development of tourism in the province. [[Tirol Castle]] is also close by.
Outside the city is [[Trauttmansdorff Castle]] and its [[Trauttmansdorff Castle Gardens|gardens]]. Located there is the Museum of Tourism, which was opened in the spring of 2003 and shows the historical development of tourism in the province. [[Tirol Castle]] is also close by.
⚫
[[File:Merano as seen from the Hochmuth.jpg|Merano as seen from the Hochmuth.|thumb]]


==Climate==
==Climate==

⚫
[[File:Merano as seen from the Hochmuth.jpg|thumb|Merano as seen from the Hochmuth]]

Merano is on the borderline between several climates. Officially, it has an [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb''). However, it is close to being [[Humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] (''Cfa'') due to the mean temperature in July being just under 22&nbsp;°C; even on those terms, the overnight lows in the winter bring the mean temperatures low enough for the city as a whole to have [[Continental climate|continental]] (''Dfa/Dfb'') influences with more distinct seasons.
Merano is on the borderline between several climates. Officially, it has an [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb''). However, it is close to being [[Humid subtropical climate|humid subtropical]] (''Cfa'') due to the mean temperature in July being just under 22&nbsp;°C; even on those terms, the overnight lows in the winter bring the mean temperatures low enough for the city as a whole to have [[Continental climate|continental]] (''Dfa/Dfb'') influences with more distinct seasons.


The average daily temperatures in summer in Merano lie between 27 and 30&nbsp;°C, while at night temperatures usually drop to between 12 and 15&nbsp;°C. The average daily temperatures in winter lie between 6 and 10&nbsp;°C, while at night temperatures usually drop to between -4 and -2&nbsp;°C. The wettest month is August with 96&nbsp;mm, while the driest is February with only 25&nbsp;mm. This data was measured at the weather station Merano/Quarazze at an altitude of 333 metres between 1983 and 2017.
The average daily temperatures in summer in Merano lie between 27 and 30&nbsp;°C, while at night temperatures usually drop to between 12 and 15&nbsp;°C. The average daily temperatures in winter lie between 6 and 10&nbsp;°C, while at night temperatures usually drop to between -4 and -2&nbsp;°C. The wettest month is August with 96&nbsp;mm, while the driest is February with only 25&nbsp;mm. This data was measured at the weather station Merano/Gratsch at an altitude of 333 metres between 1983 and 2017.


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
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===Food===
===Food===
The area is well known for its wines, both white and red, and vineyards extend right into the city. The local wine, ''Meraner Leiten (Meranese di collina)'', is a light [[red wine]], best drunk young.<ref>Hugh Johnson's Pocket Wine Book 2006</ref> There are also extensive orchards, and apples are exported throughout Europe. The [[Forst Brewery]] on the edge of the city produces a popular range of beers, sold throughout Italy and Europe.
The area is well known for its wines, both white and red, and vineyards extend right into the city. The local wine, ''Meraner Leiten (Meranese di collina)'', is a light [[red wine]], best drunk young.<ref>Hugh Johnson's Pocket Wine Book 2006</ref> There are also extensive orchards, and apples are exported throughout Europe. The [[Forst Brewery]] on the edge of the city produces a popular range of beers, sold throughout Italy and Europe.
{{Clear}}
[[File:Meran Passerfluß Panoramic.jpg|thumb|center|750px|[[Passer (river)|Passer river]], panoramic view]]


===Cultural events===
===Cultural events===
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* Christmas market Merano
* Christmas market Merano
* Merano WineFestival
* Merano WineFestival
Every second year, the literature competition [[Merano Poetry Prize]] (Lyrikpreis Meran) is held in Merano.


==People==
==People==
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[[File:Wenzl Weis - Rudolf Slatin, um 1910.jpg|140px|thumb|Rudolf Slatin, 1910]]
[[File:Wenzl Weis - Rudolf Slatin, um 1910.jpg|140px|thumb|Rudolf Slatin, 1910]]
[[File:Leo Putz Selbstportrait.jpg|140px|thumb|Leo Putz, self portrait, 1914]]
[[File:Leo Putz Selbstportrait.jpg|140px|thumb|Leo Putz, self portrait, 1914]]
[[File:Rodel-Weltcup-2005-Oberhof-Zoeggeler cropped.jpg|140px|thumb|Armin Zoeggeler, 2005]]
[[File:Rodel-Weltcup-2005-Oberhof-Zoeggeler cropped.jpg|140px|thumb|Armin Zöggeler, 2005]]


===Early times===
===Early times===
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* [[Johann Baptista Ruffini]] (1672–1749), salt trader
* [[Johann Baptista Ruffini]] (1672–1749), salt trader


===19th C===
===19th century===
* [[Pius Zingerle]] (1801–1881), an Austrian Orientalist.
* [[Pius Zingerle]] (1801–1881), an Austrian Orientalist
* [[Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen]] (1815–1881 in Meran), a Bavarian general.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Tann-Rathsamhausen, Ludwig Samson Arthur |volume= 26 | page = 400 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen]] (1815–1881 in Meran), a Bavarian general<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Tann-Rathsamhausen, Ludwig Samson Arthur |volume= 26 | page = 400 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Oskar von Redwitz|Oskar Freiherr von Redwitz]] (1823–1891), a German poet, lived in Merano from 1872.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Redwitz, Oskar, Freiherr von |volume= 22 | page = 972 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Oskar von Redwitz|Oskar Freiherr von Redwitz]] (1823–1891), a German poet, lived in Merano from 1872<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Redwitz, Oskar, Freiherr von |volume= 22 | page = 972 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Ignaz Vincenz Zingerle]] (1825–1892), poet and scholar.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Zingerle, Ignaz Vicenz |volume= 28 | page = 985 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Ignaz Vincenz Zingerle]] (1825–1892), poet and scholar<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Zingerle, Ignaz Vicenz |volume= 28 | page = 985 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Peretz Smolenskin]] (1842–1885 in Meran), a Russian-born Zionist and Hebrew writer.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Smolenskin, Perez |volume= 25 |last= Abrahams |first= Israel |author-link= Israel Abrahams | page = 278 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Peretz Smolenskin]] (1842–1885 in Meran), a Russian-born Zionist and Hebrew writer<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Smolenskin, Perez |volume= 25 |last= Abrahams |first= Israel |author-link= Israel Abrahams | page = 278 |short= 1}}</ref>
* [[Hermann von Tappeiner]] (1847–1927), physician and pharmacologist, used [[photodynamic therapy]]
* [[Hermann von Tappeiner]] (1847–1927), physician and pharmacologist, used [[photodynamic therapy]]
* Sir [[Rudolf Carl von Slatin]] (1857–1932), soldier and Inspector General of Sudan<ref>{{cite EB1922 |wstitle=Slatin,_Sir_Rudolf_Carl_von |short=x}}</ref>
* Sir [[Rudolf Carl von Slatin]] (1857–1932), soldier and Inspector General of Sudan<ref>{{cite EB1922 |wstitle=Slatin,_Sir_Rudolf_Carl_von |short=x}}</ref>
Line 227: Line 232:
* [[Ludwig Bemelmans]] (1898–1962), American writer and illustrator of children's books
* [[Ludwig Bemelmans]] (1898–1962), American writer and illustrator of children's books


===20th C===
===20th century===
* [[Hans Andersag]] (1902–1955), scientist, discovered [[Chloroquine]], a malaria drug
* [[Hans Andersag]] (1902–1955), scientist, discovered [[Chloroquine]], a malaria drug
* [[Anton Malloth]] (1912–2002), supervisor at [[Theresienstadt concentration camp]]
* [[Anton Malloth]] (1912–2002), supervisor at [[Theresienstadt concentration camp]]
Line 234: Line 239:
* [[Bargil Pixner]] (1921–2002), a Benedictine monk, Biblical scholar and archaeologist
* [[Bargil Pixner]] (1921–2002), a Benedictine monk, Biblical scholar and archaeologist
* [[Norbert Untersteiner]] (1926–2012), pioneer of modern polar science research
* [[Norbert Untersteiner]] (1926–2012), pioneer of modern polar science research
* [[Alberto Lizzio]] (1926-1999), fictitious conductor of inexpensive, mass market, classical recordings<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1756910/ IMDb Database] retrieved 22 June 2019</ref>
* [[Alberto Lizzio]] (1926–1999), fictitious conductor of inexpensive, mass market, classical recordings<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1756910/ IMDb Database] retrieved 22 June 2019</ref>
* [[Irène Galter]] (1931–2018), actress<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0303350/ IMDb Database] retrieved 22 June 2019</ref>
* [[Irène Galter]] (1931–2018), actress<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0303350/ IMDb Database] retrieved 22 June 2019</ref>
* [[Maria Bertolini]] (1931-2022), politician
* [[Maria Bertolini]] (1931–2022), politician
* Arnaldo Di Benedetto, (born 1940), literary critic and professor<ref>[[:it:Arnaldo Di Benedetto|Italian Wiki, Arnaldo Di Benedetto]]</ref>
* Arnaldo Di Benedetto (born 1940), literary critic and professor<ref>[[:it:Arnaldo Di Benedetto|Italian Wiki, Arnaldo Di Benedetto]]</ref>
* [[Franco D'Andrea]] (born 1941), jazz pianist
* [[Franco D'Andrea]] (born 1941), jazz pianist
* [[Lino Capolicchio]] (1943–2022), actor, screenwriter and film director<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0135320/ IMDb Database] retrieved 22 June 2019</ref>
* [[Lino Capolicchio]] (1943–2022), actor, screenwriter and film director<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0135320/ IMDb Database] retrieved 22 June 2019</ref>
* [[Reinhold Messner]] (born 1944), Italian mountaineer, adventurer, explorer, and author<ref>[http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/print/2006/11/reinhold-messner/alexander-text National Geographic – Murdering the Impossible, by Caroline Alexander]{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517234756/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/print/2006/11/reinhold-messner/alexander-text |date=2016-05-17}}</ref>
* [[Cuno Tarfusser]] (born 1954), judge at the International Criminal Court<ref>[http://www.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Structure+of+the+Court/Chambers/The+Judges/The+Judges/Judge+Cuno+TARFUSSER/Judge+Cuno+Jakob+TARFUSSER+_Italy_.htm Biography of Judge Cuno Jakob TARFUSSER]{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627033501/http://www.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Structure%2Bof%2Bthe%2BCourt/Chambers/The%2BJudges/The%2BJudges/Judge%2BCuno%2BTARFUSSER/Judge%2BCuno%2BJakob%2BTARFUSSER%2B_Italy_.htm |date=June 27, 2009}}</ref>
* [[Cuno Tarfusser]] (born 1954), judge at the International Criminal Court<ref>[http://www.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Structure+of+the+Court/Chambers/The+Judges/The+Judges/Judge+Cuno+TARFUSSER/Judge+Cuno+Jakob+TARFUSSER+_Italy_.htm Biography of Judge Cuno Jakob TARFUSSER]{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627033501/http://www.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Structure%2Bof%2Bthe%2BCourt/Chambers/The%2BJudges/The%2BJudges/Judge%2BCuno%2BTARFUSSER/Judge%2BCuno%2BJakob%2BTARFUSSER%2B_Italy_.htm |date=June 27, 2009}}</ref>
* [[Gloria Guida]] (born 1955), Italian-speaking actress<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0346708/ IMDb Database] retrieved 22 June 2019</ref>
* [[Gloria Guida]] (born 1955), Italian-speaking actress<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0346708/ IMDb Database] retrieved 22 June 2019</ref>
* [[Rudolf Stingel]] (born 1956), artist
* [[Rudolf Stingel]] (born 1956), artist
* [[Ferdinand Gamper]] (1957–1996), serial killer
* [[Ferdinand Gamper]] (1957–1996), serial killer
* [[Luca Dipierro]] (born 1973), illustrator and animator
* [[Luca Dipierro]] (born 1973), animator and writer


===Sport===
===Sport===
* [[Norberto Oberburger]] (born 1960), retired heavyweight weightlifter, gold medallist at the [[1984 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Norberto Oberburger]] (born 1960), retired heavyweight weightlifter, gold medallist at the [[1984 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Edith Gufler]] (born 1962), former sport shooter, silver medallist at the [[1984 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Edith Gufler]] (born 1962), former sport shooter, silver medallist at the [[1984 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Guenther Steiner]] (born 1965), motorsports engineer and team principal of [[Haas F1 Team]]
* [[Günther Steiner]] (born 1965), motorsports engineer and former team principal of [[Haas F1 Team]]
* [[Armin Zöggeler]] (born 1974), luge champion with six Olympic medals and nine world championship golds
* [[Armin Zöggeler]] (born 1974), luge champion with six Olympic medals and nine world championship golds
* [[Dominik Paris]] (born 1989), alpine skier, gold and silver medallist in World Championships
* [[Dominik Paris]] (born 1989), alpine skier, gold and silver medallist in World Championships
Line 258: Line 262:
==Economy==
==Economy==
[[File:Meran Bahnhof 01.jpg|thumb|right|Merano railway station]]
[[File:Meran Bahnhof 01.jpg|thumb|right|Merano railway station]]
Merano is a popular tourist destination especially for [[Germany|Germans]] and Italians. In the summer, there are concerts on the promenade almost daily, and there are fine walks around the city and in the surrounding hills, not least "Merano 2000", where there is also skiing in winter. The city is reachable with the railway [[Bolzano]]-Merano, which continues to the Vinschgau Railway Merano-Malles.
Merano is a popular tourist destination especially for [[Germany|Germans]] and Italians. In the summer, there are concerts on the promenade almost daily, and there are fine walks around the city and in the surrounding hills, not least "Meran/o 2000", where there is also skiing in winter. The city is reachable with the railway [[Bolzano]]-Merano, which continues to the Vinschgau Railway Merano-Malles.


==Society==
==Society==
Line 264: Line 268:


==Sport==
==Sport==
A [[list of chess openings|chess opening]], the ''Merano Variation'' of the [[Semi-Slav Defense]], is named after the city, from its successful use by [[Akiba Rubinstein]] against [[Ernst Grünfeld]] during a tournament held in the city in 1924.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/crosswords/chess/29chess.html "An Opening Created in 1924 Still Leads to Complex Battles"], ''New York Times '', 29 January 2006</ref> In 1981, the [[World Chess Championship]] match between [[Anatoly Karpov]] and [[Viktor Korchnoi]] was held in Merano. The first act of the musical ''[[Chess (musical)|Chess]]'' also has a world chess championship match set in Merano, and features a song entitled "Merano", which includes the line, "rosy-cheeked Merano, flourishing to a fault".
A [[list of chess openings|chess opening]], the ''Meran Variation'' of the [[Semi-Slav Defense]], is named after the city, from its successful use by [[Akiba Rubinstein]] against [[Ernst Grünfeld]] during a tournament held in the city in 1924.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/29/crosswords/chess/29chess.html "An Opening Created in 1924 Still Leads to Complex Battles"], ''New York Times'', 29 January 2006</ref> In 1981, the [[World Chess Championship]] match between [[Anatoly Karpov]] and [[Viktor Korchnoi]] was held in Merano. The first act of the musical ''[[Chess (musical)|Chess]]'' also has a world chess championship match set in Merano, and features a song entitled "Merano", which includes the line, "rosy-cheeked Merano, flourishing to a fault".


The city's [[team handball|handball]] team, {{ill|Pallamano Merano|it}}, is one of the most successful in Italy, winning the ''[[scudetto]]'' in 2005. The [[HC Merano|ice hockey team]] won two national championships but currently plays in the second division, [[Serie B (ice hockey)|Serie B]].
The city's [[team handball|handball]] team, {{ill|Pallamano Merano|it}}, is one of the most successful in Italy, winning the ''[[scudetto]]'' in 2005. The [[HC Merano|ice hockey team]] won two national championships but currently plays in the second division, [[Serie B (ice hockey)|Serie B]].
Line 293: Line 297:
|pages= 53–75
|pages= 53–75
}}
}}
* Patrick Rina, Veronika Rieder (eds) (2020). ''Kafka in Meran. Kunst und Politik um 1920.'' Bozen-Bolzano: Edition Raetia, {{ISBN|978-88-7283-743-6}}.


==External links==
==External links==

Latest revision as of 12:34, 27 October 2024

For other uses, see Merano (disambiguation).
"Meran" redirects here. For other uses, see Meran (disambiguation).
Meran/Merano
Maran (Ladin)
Comune
Comune di Merano
Stadtgemeinde Meran
Coat of arms of Meran/Merano
Coat of arms
Location of Meran/Merano
Map
Meran/Merano is located in Italy
Meran/Merano
Meran/Merano
Location of Meran/Merano in Italy
Meran/Merano is located in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
Meran/Merano
Meran/Merano
Meran/Merano (Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol)
Coordinates: 46°40′N 11°10′E / 46.667°N 11.167°E / 46.667; 11.167
CountryItaly
RegionTrentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
ProvinceSouth Tyrol (BZ)
FrazioniCentro (Altstadt), Maia Alta (Obermais), Maia Bassa (Untermais), Quarazze (Gratsch), Sinigo (Sinich), Labers
Government
 • MayorDario Dal Medico
Area
[1]
 • Total
26.34 km2 (10.17 sq mi)
Elevation
325 m (1,066 ft)
Population
 (30-06-2018)[2]
 • Total
41,051
 • Density1,600/km2 (4,000/sq mi)
DemonymMeranese/Meraner
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
39012
Dialing code0473
Patron saintSt Nicholas
Saint dayDecember 6
WebsiteOfficial website

Merano (UK: /məˈrɑːnoʊ/,[3] US: /meɪˈ-/;[4] Italian: [meˈraːno] ⓘ) or Meran (German: [meˈʁaːn] ⓘ) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol, Northern Italy. Generally best known for its spa resorts, it is located within a basin, surrounded by mountains standing up to 3,335 metres (10,942 feet) above sea level, at the entrance to the Passeier Valley and the Vinschgau.

The city has been a popular place of residence for several scientists, literary people, and artists, including Franz Kafka, Paul Lazarsfeld and also Empress Elisabeth of Austria, who appreciated its mild climate.

Name

[edit]

Both the Italian (Merano) and the German (Meran) names for the city are used in English. The Ladin form of the name is Maran. The official name of the municipality (comune) is Comune di Merano in Italian and Stadtgemeinde Meran in German (both are in official use).

History

[edit]

Archaic names of the city are Mairania (from AD 857) and an der Meran (from the 15th century).[5] In 17th-century Latin, the city was called Meranum.[6]

Origin

[edit]
Historical map of the city and surrounding area (1888)

The area has been inhabited since the third millennium BC, as shown by the presence of menhirs and other finds. The story of the city proper began in 15 BC when the Romans occupied the Adige valley founding a road station, Statio Maiensis.

The settlement was first mentioned in an 857 deed as Mairania. The Counts at Castle Tyrol elevated Merano to the status of a city during the 13th century and made it the capital of their County of Tyrol. After the county had been handed over to the Habsburg dynasty in 1363 upon the abdication of Margaret, Countess of Tyrol, in 1420 Duke Friedrich IV of Austria moved the Tyrolean court to Innsbruck. Though Merano remained the official capital until 1848, it subsequently lost its predominant position and almost all its importance as an economic hub across the roads connecting Italy and Germany. The important mint was also moved to Hall in Tirol in 1477.[7]

Modern history

[edit]

The Tyrolean Rebellion of 1809 against the French occupation drew attention again to Merano. In that year, on the Küchelberg above the city, a peasants' army eked out a victory against the united French and Bavarian forces before their revolt was finally crushed. After World War I, under the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Merano became part of the Kingdom of Italy with the rest of the southern part of the former Cisleithanian crown land of Tyrol.

During the Nazi occupation of the region in 1943–5, the Meranese Jewish population was almost completely deported and murdered within concentration camps.[8]

Coat of arms

[edit]
The city's coat of arms on the Postbrücke (postal bridge)

The city's coat of arms depicts the red Tyrolean eagle sitting on a wall with four pieces of Ghibelline battlements and three arches that symbolize the city. The arms is known from the 14th century and the oldest seal dates from 1353, while the coloured one since 1390. In a 1759 image, the eagle is represented with a crown and a green wreath of honour. After World War I and the annexation of the city from Austria-Hungary to Italy, it was given a new coat of arms in 1928, which looked similar to the old one, but with five parts of the battlements and the arches with the gates opened on a lawn of shamrock. A mural crown was placed above the shield.[9] The five parts of the battlement represented the districts of Maia Bassa, Merano (old city), Maia Alta, Quarazze and Avelengo, which were incorporated into the city by the Italian fascists.[10] After World War II, Avelengo became independent again and the historical coat of arms was restored.[11][12]

Main sights

[edit]
St. Nicholas' Church

Among the city's landmarks are the medieval city gates such as the Vinschgauer Tor, Passeirer Tor, and the Bozener Tor. Also belonging to the fortifications is the medieval Ortenstein tower, popularly called Pulverturm (lit. "powder tower").

The main churches are the Gothic St. Nicholas' Church and the St. Barbara's Chapel, both dating to the 15th century. Also dating to this period is the Princely Castle (Landesfürstliche Burg), which was a residence of Archduke Sigismund of Austria.

The Steinerner Steg stone bridge crosses the Passer river and dates to the 17th century.

The city saw further development as it became increasingly popular as a spa resort, especially after Empress Elisabeth of Austria started visiting. Dating from the 19th century are the Civic Theatre, the Kurhaus and the Empress Elisabeth Park. Also famous are the arched Wandelhalle promenades along the river.

After the annexation of the city by Italy in 1919, the Fascist authorities constructed the new city hall in the 1920s.

Outside the city is Trauttmansdorff Castle and its gardens. Located there is the Museum of Tourism, which was opened in the spring of 2003 and shows the historical development of tourism in the province. Tirol Castle is also close by.

Climate

[edit]
Merano as seen from the Hochmuth

Merano is on the borderline between several climates. Officially, it has an oceanic climate (Cfb). However, it is close to being humid subtropical (Cfa) due to the mean temperature in July being just under 22 °C; even on those terms, the overnight lows in the winter bring the mean temperatures low enough for the city as a whole to have continental (Dfa/Dfb) influences with more distinct seasons.

The average daily temperatures in summer in Merano lie between 27 and 30 °C, while at night temperatures usually drop to between 12 and 15 °C. The average daily temperatures in winter lie between 6 and 10 °C, while at night temperatures usually drop to between -4 and -2 °C. The wettest month is August with 96 mm, while the driest is February with only 25 mm. This data was measured at the weather station Merano/Gratsch at an altitude of 333 metres between 1983 and 2017.

Climate data for Merano (1983–2017)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 21
(70) 		23
(73) 		27
(81) 		31
(88) 		37
(99) 		39
(102) 		40
(104) 		40
(104) 		35
(95) 		29
(84) 		21
(70) 		19
(66) 		40
(104)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.4
(43.5) 		9.6
(49.3) 		15.1
(59.2) 		18.8
(65.8) 		23.5
(74.3) 		27.2
(81.0) 		29.6
(85.3) 		28.6
(83.5) 		23.7
(74.7) 		17.9
(64.2) 		10.9
(51.6) 		6.5
(43.7) 		18.2
(64.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.3
(34.3) 		3.8
(38.8) 		8.4
(47.1) 		12.0
(53.6) 		16.4
(61.5) 		19.8
(67.6) 		21.9
(71.4) 		21.3
(70.3) 		17.1
(62.8) 		12.1
(53.8) 		5.7
(42.3) 		1.7
(35.1) 		11.8
(53.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.0
(24.8) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		1.6
(34.9) 		5.0
(41.0) 		9.3
(48.7) 		12.4
(54.3) 		14.2
(57.6) 		13.9
(57.0) 		10.2
(50.4) 		6.1
(43.0) 		0.5
(32.9) 		−3.3
(26.1) 		5.3
(41.5)
Record low °C (°F) −19
(−2) 		−13
(9) 		−12
(10) 		−4
(25) 		−2
(28) 		2
(36) 		2
(36) 		1
(34) 		−2
(28) 		−8
(18) 		−10
(14) 		−13
(9) 		−19
(−2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 26.4
(1.04) 		24.5
(0.96) 		36.9
(1.45) 		61.7
(2.43) 		80.0
(3.15) 		94.7
(3.73) 		83.8
(3.30) 		96.3
(3.79) 		72.3
(2.85) 		74.9
(2.95) 		84.5
(3.33) 		37.9
(1.49) 		773.8
(30.46)
Source: Landeswetterdienst Südtirol[13][14]

Culture

[edit]

Food

[edit]

The area is well known for its wines, both white and red, and vineyards extend right into the city. The local wine, Meraner Leiten (Meranese di collina), is a light red wine, best drunk young.[15] There are also extensive orchards, and apples are exported throughout Europe. The Forst Brewery on the edge of the city produces a popular range of beers, sold throughout Italy and Europe.

Cultural events

[edit]
Christmas market Merano

Merano organizes the following events every year.

  • Asfaltart
  • Festival MeranOJazz
  • Meraner Musikwochen
  • Christmas market Merano
  • Merano WineFestival

Every second year, the literature competition Merano Poetry Prize (Lyrikpreis Meran) is held in Merano.

People

[edit]
Arbeo of Freising
Rudolf Slatin, 1910
Leo Putz, self portrait, 1914
Armin Zöggeler, 2005

Early times

[edit]

19th century

[edit]

20th century

[edit]

Sport

[edit]

Economy

[edit]
Merano railway station

Merano is a popular tourist destination especially for Germans and Italians. In the summer, there are concerts on the promenade almost daily, and there are fine walks around the city and in the surrounding hills, not least "Meran/o 2000", where there is also skiing in winter. The city is reachable with the railway Bolzano-Merano, which continues to the Vinschgau Railway Merano-Malles.

Society

[edit]

According to the 2011 census, 50.47% of the resident population spoke German as mother language, 49.06% Italian, and 0.47% Ladin.[29]

Sport

[edit]

A chess opening, the Meran Variation of the Semi-Slav Defense, is named after the city, from its successful use by Akiba Rubinstein against Ernst Grünfeld during a tournament held in the city in 1924.[30] In 1981, the World Chess Championship match between Anatoly Karpov and Viktor Korchnoi was held in Merano. The first act of the musical Chess also has a world chess championship match set in Merano, and features a song entitled "Merano", which includes the line, "rosy-cheeked Merano, flourishing to a fault".

The city's handball team, Pallamano Merano [it], is one of the most successful in Italy, winning the scudetto in 2005. The ice hockey team won two national championships but currently plays in the second division, Serie B.

Each September, the Gran Premio Merano takes place in the Maia Racecourse; this is the most famous Italian Steeplechase.

Merano hosted the 1953, 1971 and 1983 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships. This is where the well known 'Merano' move was created due to a tricky upstream gate. This move is now used and well known by many slalom paddlers worldwide.

Twin towns and sister cities

[edit]

The twin towns and sister cities are:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  3. ^ "Merano". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  4. ^ "Merano". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 28 May 2019.
  5. ^ Egon Kühebacher, Die Ortsnamen Südtirols, Vol. 1 (2000), lemma Meran
  6. ^ Johann Jacob Hofmann, Lexicon Universale (1698), lemma 'Tirolis'
  7. ^ https://www.muenze-hall.at/en/COINING/MUeNZ-AUFTRAGSPRAeGUNG [bare URL]
  8. ^ Sabine Mayr (2017), "The Annihilation of the Jewish Community of Meran", in Georg Grote, Hannes Obermair (ed.), A Land on the Threshold. South Tyrolean Transformations, 1915–2015, Oxford, Bern, New York: Peter Lang, pp. 53–75, ISBN 978-3-0343-2240-9
  9. ^ Ralf Hartemink (1996). "Meran – Merano". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
  10. ^ Gryffindor (2011). "Image of the coat of arms during the Italian fascist period". Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
  11. ^ Prünster, Hans (1972). Die Wappen der Gemeinden Südtirols [The coat of arms of the municipalities of South Tyrol]. Etschlandbücher (in German). Vol. 7. Bozen: Landesverband für Heimatpflege in Südtirol.
  12. ^ Gall, Franz (1960). Österreichischer Wappenkalender (in German).
  13. ^ "23200MS-TS-MeranoQuarazze-MeranGratsch.xls". Monatswerte Temperaturen. Landeswetterdienst Südtirol. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  14. ^ "23200MS-PS-MeranoQuarazze-MeranGratsch.xls". Monatswerte Niederschläge. Landeswetterdienst Südtirol. Retrieved 8 August 2018.
  15. ^ Hugh Johnson's Pocket Wine Book 2006
  16. ^ "Tann-Rathsamhausen, Ludwig Samson Arthur" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 400.
  17. ^ "Redwitz, Oskar, Freiherr von" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 972.
  18. ^ "Zingerle, Ignaz Vicenz" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 985.
  19. ^ Abrahams, Israel (1911). "Smolenskin, Perez" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). p. 278.
  20. ^ "Slatin, Sir Rudolf Carl von" . Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). 1922.
  21. ^ German Wiki, Ferdinand Behrens
  22. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 22 June 2019
  23. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 22 June 2019
  24. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 22 June 2019
  25. ^ Italian Wiki, Arnaldo Di Benedetto
  26. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 22 June 2019
  27. ^ Biography of Judge Cuno Jakob TARFUSSERArchived June 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 22 June 2019
  29. ^ "Volkszählung 2011/Censimento della popolazione 2011". Astat Info (38). Provincial Statistics Institute of the Autonomous Province of South Tyrol: 6–7. June 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-14.
  30. ^ "An Opening Created in 1924 Still Leads to Complex Battles", New York Times, 29 January 2006

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Merano.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Merano&oldid=1253702224"