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{{Short description|Yuan dynasty era name}}
{{Short description|Yuan dynasty era name}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|title = Zhizheng
|pic=
|picsize=
|piccap=
|c=至正
|p=Zhìzhèng
|w=
|l=
}}
[[File:Zhi Zheng the Great Chinese Bell of Dongguan.jpg|thumb|200px|The Zhizheng Bell, a bronze bell made by a Persian merchant in 1346 during the Yuan dynasty]]
[[File:Zhi Zheng the Great Chinese Bell of Dongguan.jpg|thumb|200px|The Zhizheng Bell, a bronze bell made by a Persian merchant in 1346 during the Yuan dynasty]]
'''Zhizheng''' (1341–1370) was the third era name of [[Toghon Temür]], Emperor Shun of Yuan, and was also the [[Yuan dynasty]]'s final era name. The Yuan dynasty used the era name Zhizheng for a total of 30 years.<ref>Li Chongzhi (李崇智). ''Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao'' (中國歷代年號考), p. 196</ref> On 23 May 1370 (Zhizheng 30, 28th day of the 4th month), Biligtü Khan, Emperor Zhaozong of Yuan ascended to the throne and continued to use.{{NoteTag|This sentence is missing in Li Chongzhi (李崇智)'s ''Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao'' (中國歷代年號考).}}
'''Zhizheng''' ({{zh|c=至正|p=Zhìzhèng}}; 1341–1370) was the third era name (''nianhao'') of [[Toghon Temür]], Emperor Shun of Yuan (reigned 1333–1370), and was also the [[Yuan dynasty]]'s final era name. It was used for a total of 30 years.<ref>Li Chongzhi. ''Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao'', p. 196</ref> On 23 May 1370 (Zhizheng 30, 28th day of the 4th month), Biligtü Khan, Emperor Zhaozong of Yuan ascended the throne and continued to use it.{{NoteTag|This sentence is absent from Li Chongzhi's ''Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao''.}}


==Change of era==
==Change of era==
* '''18 January 1341''' (Zhiyuan 7, 1st day of 1st month): There was an edict to change the era to Zhizheng.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 40, Emperor Shun 3|author=|date=|first=|last=Song Lian (宋濂)|authorlink=|coauthors=|wslanguage=zh|wslink=元史/卷040}} 至正元年春正月己酉朔，改元，詔曰：『朕惟帝王之道，德莫大於克孝，治莫大於得賢。朕早歷多難，入紹大統，仰思祖宗付託之重，戰兢惕勵，于茲八年。慨念皇考，久勞于外，甫即大命，四海觖望，夙夜追慕，不忘于懷。乃以至元六年十月初四日，奉玉冊、玉寶，追上皇考曰順天立道睿文智武大聖孝皇帝，被服袞冕，祼于太室，式展孝誠。十有一月六日，勉徇大禮慶成之請，御大明殿受群臣朝。爰自去春，疇咨于眾，以知樞密院事馬札兒台為太師、右丞相，以正百官，以親萬民。尋即控辭，養疾私第，再三諭旨，勉令就位，自春徂秋，其請益固。朕憫其勞日久，察其至誠，不忍煩之以政，俾解機務，仍為太師。而知樞密院事脫脫，早歲輔朕，克著忠貞，乃命為中書右丞相；宗正札魯忽赤帖木兒不花，嘗歷政府，嘉績著聞，為中書左丞相，並錄軍國重事。夫三公論道，以輔予德，二相總政，以弼予治，'''其以至元七年為至正元年'''，與天下更始。</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=New History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 24, Huizong 2|author=|date=|first=|last=Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞)|authorlink=|coauthors=|wslanguage=zh|wslink=新元史/卷024}} 至正元年春正月己酉朔，改元，詔曰：『……'''其以至元七年為至正元年'''，與天下更始焉。』</ref>
* '''18 January 1341''' Zhiyuan 7, 1st day of 1st month (至元七年一月一日): There was an edict to change the era to Zhizheng.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 40, Emperor Shun 3|author=|date=|first=|last=Song Lian (宋濂)|authorlink=|coauthors=|wslanguage=zh|wslink=元史/卷040}} 至正元年春正月己酉朔，改元，詔曰：『朕惟帝王之道，德莫大於克孝，治莫大於得賢。朕早歷多難，入紹大統，仰思祖宗付託之重，戰兢惕勵，于茲八年。慨念皇考，久勞于外，甫即大命，四海觖望，夙夜追慕，不忘于懷。乃以至元六年十月初四日，奉玉冊、玉寶，追上皇考曰順天立道睿文智武大聖孝皇帝，被服袞冕，祼于太室，式展孝誠。十有一月六日，勉徇大禮慶成之請，御大明殿受群臣朝。爰自去春，疇咨于眾，以知樞密院事馬札兒台為太師、右丞相，以正百官，以親萬民。尋即控辭，養疾私第，再三諭旨，勉令就位，自春徂秋，其請益固。朕憫其勞日久，察其至誠，不忍煩之以政，俾解機務，仍為太師。而知樞密院事脫脫，早歲輔朕，克著忠貞，乃命為中書右丞相；宗正札魯忽赤帖木兒不花，嘗歷政府，嘉績著聞，為中書左丞相，並錄軍國重事。夫三公論道，以輔予德，二相總政，以弼予治，'''其以至元七年為至正元年'''，與天下更始。</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=New History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 24, Huizong 2|author=|date=|first=|last=Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞)|authorlink=|coauthors=|wslanguage=zh|wslink=新元史/卷024}} 至正元年春正月己酉朔，改元，詔曰：『……'''其以至元七年為至正元年'''，與天下更始焉。』</ref>
* '''23 May 1370''' (Zhizheng 30, 28th day of the 4th month): Emperor Huizong died, and Emperor Zhaozong ascended the throne. In May, change the next year to Xuanguang 1 (宣光元年, "the first year of Xuanguang").<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=New History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 26, Huizong 4|author=|date=|first=|last=Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞)|authorlink=|coauthors=|wslanguage=zh|wslink=新元史/卷026}}〔至正〕三十年夏四月〔丙戌〕，惠宗崩於應昌，皇太子即皇帝位。……擴廓帖木兒至和林，帝以國事任之，改元宣光。　宣光元年，明太祖洪武四年世。</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=新元史表第一宗室世表|author=|date=|first=|last=Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞)|authorlink=|coauthors=|wslanguage=zh|wslink=新元史/卷027}} 愛猷達理達臘〈廟號昭宗，國語必里克圖汗，改元宣光，在位八年，明洪武十年卒。〉</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=History of Ming, Annals, Volume 2, Taizu 2|author=|date=|first=|last=Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉)|authorlink=|coauthors=|wslanguage=zh|wslink=明史/卷2}}〔洪武三年四月〕丙戌，元帝崩於應昌，子愛猷識理達臘嗣。</ref>
* '''23 May 1370''' Zhizheng 30, 28th day of the 4th month (至正三十年四月二十八日): Emperor Huizong died, and Emperor Zhaozong ascended the throne. In May, change the next year to Xuanguang 1 (宣光元年, "the first year of Xuanguang").<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=New History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 26, Huizong 4|author=|date=|first=|last=Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞)|authorlink=|coauthors=|wslanguage=zh|wslink=新元史/卷026}}〔至正〕三十年夏四月〔丙戌〕，惠宗崩於應昌，皇太子即皇帝位。……擴廓帖木兒至和林，帝以國事任之，改元宣光。　宣光元年，明太祖洪武四年世。</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=新元史表第一宗室世表|author=|date=|first=|last=Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞)|authorlink=|coauthors=|wslanguage=zh|wslink=新元史/卷027}} 愛猷達理達臘〈廟號昭宗，國語必里克圖汗，改元宣光，在位八年，明洪武十年卒。〉</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=History of Ming, Annals, Volume 2, Taizu 2|author=|date=|first=|last=Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉)|authorlink=|coauthors=|wslanguage=zh|wslink=明史/卷2}}〔洪武三年四月〕丙戌，元帝崩於應昌，子愛猷識理達臘嗣。</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 23: Line 13:
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==Further reading==
==Bibliography==
* {{Citation |author=Li Chongzhi |script-title=zh:《中國歷代年號考》 [''Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao''] |lang=zh |date=2004 |publisher=Zhonghua Book Co. |location=Beijing |isbn=7-101-02512-9 }}
<div>
⚫
* {{Citation |author=Deng Hongbo |script-title=zh:《東亞歷史年表》 [''Chronology of East Asian History''] |lang=zh |url=http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm |date=2005 |publisher=National Taiwan University Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures |location=Taipei |isbn=978-986-00-0518-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825002742/http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm |archive-date=2007-08-25 }}.
*{{Cite book|author=Li Chongzhi (李崇智)|title=Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao (中國歷代年號考)|format=|url=|date=December 2004|publisher=Zhonghua Book Co. (中華書局)|location=Beijing (北京)|id=ISBN 7101025129}}
⚫
*{{Cite book|author=Deng Hongbo (鄧洪波)|title=Chronology of East Asian history (東亞歷史年表)|format=pdf|url=http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm|date=March 2005|publisher=National Taiwan University, Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures (國立臺灣大學東亞經典與文化研究計劃)|location=Taipei (臺北)|id=ISBN 9789860005189|access-date=2021-11-06|archive-date=2007-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825002742/http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm}}
</div>


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
{{s-bef| before = Zhiyuan {{nobold|(至元)}} }}
{{s-bef| before = Zhiyuan }}
{{s-ttl| title = [[Yuan dynasty]]/[[Northern Yuan]] [[Chinese era name|Era or ''nianhao'']]<br>Zhizheng {{nobold|(至正)}}
{{s-ttl| title = [[Yuan dynasty]]/[[Northern Yuan]] [[Chinese era name|era name]]
| years = 1341–1370 }}
| years = 1341–1370 }}
{{s-aft| after = Xuanguang {{nobold|(宣光)}}<br>[[Hongwu]] {{nobold|(洪武)}}<br>([[Ming dynasty]]) }}
{{s-aft| after = Xuanguang<br>[[Ming dynasty]]: [[Hongwu]] }}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


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[[Category:Chinese imperial eras]]
[[Category:Chinese imperial eras]]
[[Category:14th-century neologisms]]

Latest revision as of 07:22, 29 November 2024

The Zhizheng Bell, a bronze bell made by a Persian merchant in 1346 during the Yuan dynasty

Zhizheng (Chinese: 至正; pinyin: Zhìzhèng; 1341–1370) was the third era name (nianhao) of Toghon Temür, Emperor Shun of Yuan (reigned 1333–1370), and was also the Yuan dynasty's final era name. It was used for a total of 30 years.[1] On 23 May 1370 (Zhizheng 30, 28th day of the 4th month), Biligtü Khan, Emperor Zhaozong of Yuan ascended the throne and continued to use it.[note 1]

Change of era

[edit]
  • 18 January 1341 Zhiyuan 7, 1st day of 1st month (至元七年一月一日): There was an edict to change the era to Zhizheng.[2][3]
  • 23 May 1370 Zhizheng 30, 28th day of the 4th month (至正三十年四月二十八日): Emperor Huizong died, and Emperor Zhaozong ascended the throne. In May, change the next year to Xuanguang 1 (宣光元年, "the first year of Xuanguang").[4][5][6]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ This sentence is absent from Li Chongzhi's Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Li Chongzhi. Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao, p. 196
  2. ^ Song Lian (宋濂). History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 40, Emperor Shun 3  (in Chinese) – via Wikisource. 至正元年春正月己酉朔，改元，詔曰：『朕惟帝王之道，德莫大於克孝，治莫大於得賢。朕早歷多難，入紹大統，仰思祖宗付託之重，戰兢惕勵，于茲八年。慨念皇考，久勞于外，甫即大命，四海觖望，夙夜追慕，不忘于懷。乃以至元六年十月初四日，奉玉冊、玉寶，追上皇考曰順天立道睿文智武大聖孝皇帝，被服袞冕，祼于太室，式展孝誠。十有一月六日，勉徇大禮慶成之請，御大明殿受群臣朝。爰自去春，疇咨于眾，以知樞密院事馬札兒台為太師、右丞相，以正百官，以親萬民。尋即控辭，養疾私第，再三諭旨，勉令就位，自春徂秋，其請益固。朕憫其勞日久，察其至誠，不忍煩之以政，俾解機務，仍為太師。而知樞密院事脫脫，早歲輔朕，克著忠貞，乃命為中書右丞相；宗正札魯忽赤帖木兒不花，嘗歷政府，嘉績著聞，為中書左丞相，並錄軍國重事。夫三公論道，以輔予德，二相總政，以弼予治，其以至元七年為至正元年，與天下更始。
  3. ^ Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞). New History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 24, Huizong 2  (in Chinese) – via Wikisource. 至正元年春正月己酉朔，改元，詔曰：『……其以至元七年為至正元年，與天下更始焉。』
  4. ^ Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞). New History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 26, Huizong 4  (in Chinese) – via Wikisource.〔至正〕三十年夏四月〔丙戌〕，惠宗崩於應昌，皇太子即皇帝位。……擴廓帖木兒至和林，帝以國事任之，改元宣光。　宣光元年，明太祖洪武四年世。
  5. ^ Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞). 新元史表第一宗室世表  (in Chinese) – via Wikisource. 愛猷達理達臘〈廟號昭宗，國語必里克圖汗，改元宣光，在位八年，明洪武十年卒。〉
  6. ^ Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉). History of Ming, Annals, Volume 2, Taizu 2  (in Chinese) – via Wikisource.〔洪武三年四月〕丙戌，元帝崩於應昌，子愛猷識理達臘嗣。

Bibliography

[edit]
Preceded by
Zhiyuan
 Yuan dynasty/Northern Yuan era name
1341–1370 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Zhizheng&oldid=1260170693"