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| native_name = فيض احمد
| native_name = فيض احمد
| native_name_lang = fa
| native_name_lang = fa
| image =
| image = FaizAhmad.jpg
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = Faiz Ahmad, founder of the [[Afghanistan Liberation Organization]].
| caption =
| order =
| order =
| office = [[Afghanistan Liberation Organization|Leader of the Afghanistan Liberation Organization]]
| office = [[Afghanistan Liberation Organization|Leader of the Afghanistan Liberation Organization]]
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| order2 = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
| order2 = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
| office2 = [[Progressive Youth Organization|Leader of the Progressive Youth Organization]]
| office2 = [[Progressive Youth Organization|Leader of the Progressive Youth Organization]]
| term_start2 = Unknown
| term_start2 = 1965
| term_end2 = 1973
| term_end2 = 1973
| predecessor2 = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
| predecessor2 = <!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number-->
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| citizenship =
| citizenship =
| party = [[Afghanistan Liberation Organization|ALO]] (1973–1986)
| party = [[Afghanistan Liberation Organization|ALO]] (1973–1986)
| otherparty = <!--For additional political affiliations-->
| otherparty = [[Shola-e Javid]]<br>[[Marxist-Leninist Organization of Afghanistan]]
| spouse = [[Meena Keshwar Kamal]]
| spouse = [[Meena Keshwar Kamal]]
| partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married-->
| partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married-->
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| battles = [[1979 uprisings in Afghanistan]]
| battles = [[1979 uprisings in Afghanistan]]
*[[Bala Hissar uprising]]
*[[Bala Hissar uprising]]
[[Soviet-Afghan War]]
[[Soviet–Afghan War]]
| allegiance =[[Afghanistan Liberation Organization|ALO]]
| allegiance =[[Afghanistan Liberation Organization]]
}}
}}
'''Faiz Ahmad''' ({{lang-fa|فیض احمد}}; 1946 – 12 November 1986) was an Afghan [[revolutionary]] and the founding leader of the [[Afghanistan Liberation Organization]] (ALO), a [[Marxist–Leninist]] organization established in [[Kabul]].
'''Faiz Ahmad''' ({{langx|fa|فیض احمد}}; 1946 – 12 November 1986) was an Afghan politician who led the [[Afghanistan Liberation Organization]] (ALO), a [[Marxist–Leninist]] organization established in [[Kabul]].


== Early Life ==
== Early life ==
Ahmad was born in [[Kandahar]] in 1946 to a Persian-speaking ethnic Tajik family. He attended primary and secondary schools in Kandahar before moving to [[Kabul]] to enter Naderia High School, where he became involved in the leftist movement after reading some of the works of [[Karl Marx]] and [[Vladimir Lenin]].
Ahmad was born in [[Kandahar]] in 1946 to a Persian-speaking ethnic Tajik family. He attended primary and secondary schools in Kandahar before moving to [[Kabul]] to enter Naderia High School, where he became involved in the leftist movement after reading some of the works of [[Karl Marx]] and [[Vladimir Lenin]].


[[Akram Yari]], a leader of the Maoist movement in Afghanistan, was Ahmad's teacher in Naderia High School and he deeply influenced Ahmad’s political beliefs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://a-l-o.maoism.ru/ahmad-e.htm|title=Biography of Comrade Dr Faiz Ahmad (1946–1986)|website=a-l-o.maoism.ru}}</ref> Yari was leader of Progressive Youth Organization (PYO), a Maoist organization which was formed on 6 October 1965. Later, Ahmad broke with PYO and formed the Revolutionary Group of People of Afghanistan.
[[Akram Yari]], a leader of the Maoist movement in Afghanistan, was Ahmad's teacher in Naderia High School and he deeply influenced Ahmad’s political beliefs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://a-l-o.maoism.ru/ahmad-e.htm|title=Biography of Comrade Dr Faiz Ahmad (1946–1986)|website=a-l-o.maoism.ru}}</ref> Yari was leader of Progressive Youth Organization (PYO), a Maoist organization which was formed on 6 October 1965. Later, Ahmad parted ways with PYO and formed the Revolutionary Group of People of Afghanistan.


After graduating from high school, Ahmad entered the Medical Faculty of [[Kabul University]]. During these years he would establish the Revolutionary Group of People of Afghanistan which was later named Afghanistan Liberation Organization (ALO).
After graduating from high school, Ahmad entered the Medical Faculty of [[Kabul University]]. During these years he would establish the Revolutionary Group of People of Afghanistan which was later named Afghanistan Liberation Organization (ALO).


== Anti Government Activity ==
== Anti government activity ==
On April 27th, 1978, Military officers loyal to the [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|PDPA]] launched a "Revolution" on the orders of [[Hafizullah Amin]] in what would become known as the Saur Revolution. Despite bringing the Communist [[Khalq|Khalqists]] into power many smaller Socialist groups rejected the Khalqists rule for various reasons from the [[Pashtun nationalism|Pashtun hegemony]] of the new government,<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Byrne |first1=Malcolm |last2=Zubok |first2=Vladislav |title=The Intervention in Afghanistan and the Fall of Detente, A Chronology |url=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/carterbrezhnev/docs_intervention_in_afghanistan_and_the_fall_of_detente/fall_of_detente_chron.pdf |website=nsarchive2.gwu.edu}}</ref> mistreatment of ethnic minorities,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flashback to 1979: A massacre of unarmed civilians in an uprising « RAWA News |url=http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/2013/10/13/flashback-to-1979-a-massacre-of-unarmed-civilians-in-an-uprising.html |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=www.rawa.org}}</ref> and their [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] Influence. On August 5th, 1979 a united front of Anti [[Khalq|Khalqist]] Marxists and moderate Islamist attempted a uprising in southern Kabul. The uprising lasted 5 hours and was brutally crushed by the [[Khalq|Khalqist]] government's MiG aircraft, artillery and tanks<ref>''Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to the Present'' by Gilles Dorronsoro, 2005.</ref><ref>''War in Afghanistan'' by K J Baker, 2011.</ref>
On April 27, 1978, Military officers loyal to the [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|PDPA]] launched a "Revolution" on the orders of [[Hafizullah Amin]] in what would become known as the Saur Revolution. Despite bringing the Communist [[Khalq|Khalqists]] into power many smaller Socialist groups rejected the Khalqists rule for various reasons from the [[Pashtun nationalism|Pashtun hegemony]] of the new government,<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Byrne |first1=Malcolm |last2=Zubok |first2=Vladislav |title=The Intervention in Afghanistan and the Fall of Detente, A Chronology |url=https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/carterbrezhnev/docs_intervention_in_afghanistan_and_the_fall_of_detente/fall_of_detente_chron.pdf |website=nsarchive2.gwu.edu}}</ref> mistreatment of ethnic minorities,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flashback to 1979: A massacre of unarmed civilians in an uprising « RAWA News |url=http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/2013/10/13/flashback-to-1979-a-massacre-of-unarmed-civilians-in-an-uprising.html |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=www.rawa.org}}</ref> and their [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] Influence. On August 5, 1979, a united front of Anti [[Khalq|Khalqist]] Marxists and moderate Islamist attempted a uprising in southern Kabul. The uprising lasted 5 hours and was brutally crushed by the [[Khalq|Khalqist]] government's MiG aircraft, artillery and tanks<ref>''Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to the Present'' by Gilles Dorronsoro, 2005.</ref><ref>''War in Afghanistan'' by K J Baker, 2011.</ref>


== Soviet-Afghan War ==
== Soviet-Afghan War ==
During the onset of the [[Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet intervention in Afghanistan]], Faiz Ahmad, instrumental to the reorganization of the [[Afghanistan Liberation Organization]], set the slogan "All resources at the service of liberation fronts!" as the interim objective of all "revolutionary struggle". During this time and under Faiz's leadership, the ALO decided to join the Islamist political forces in forming [[Afghanistan Mujahedin Freedom Fighters Front|united fronts]] against the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|PDPA]]-[[Parcham]] government.
During the onset of the [[Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet intervention in Afghanistan]], Faiz Ahmad, instrumental in the reorganization of the [[Afghanistan Liberation Organization]], set the slogan "All resources at the service of liberation fronts!" as the interim objective of all "revolutionary struggle". During this time and under Faiz's leadership, the ALO decided to join the Islamist political forces in forming [[Afghanistan Mujahedin Freedom Fighters Front|united fronts]] against the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|PDPA]]-[[Parcham]] government.


He wrote ''Mash'al-i Rehayi'' (The Beacon of Emancipation, an ALO political-theoretical publication) where he analyzed the situation and established political and strategic lines for ALO activities.
He wrote ''Mash'al-i Rehayi'' (The Beacon of Emancipation), an ALO political-theoretical publication, where he analyzed the situation and established political and strategic lines for ALO activities.


== Assassination ==
== Assassination ==


Ahmad was assassinated along with six other ALO members by [[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar| Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's]] [[Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin|Hezb-i-Islami]] on 12 November 1986 in [[Peshawar]], Pakistan.
Ahmad was assassinated along with six other ALO members by[[Gulbuddin Hekmatyar| Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's]] [[Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin|Hezb-i-Islami]] on 12 November 1986 in [[Peshawar]], Pakistan.


== Personal Life ==
== Personal life ==


Ahmad married [[Meena Keshwar Kamal]] in 1976.<ref>Brodsky, Anne E. ''With all our strength : the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan''. [[New York City]]: [[Routledge]], 2003. p. 54</ref> Kamal was assassinated in [[Quetta]], Pakistan on 4 February 1987.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ramakrishnan |first1=Nitya |title=In Custody: Law, Impunity and Prisoner Abuse in South Asia |date=May 2013 |publisher=SAGE India |isbn=9788132117513 |page=118}}</ref> Reports vary as to who the assassins were, but are believed to have been agents of the Afghan Intelligence Service [[KHAD]], the Afghan [[secret police]].<ref name="guardian.co.uk">{{cite web |author=Jon Boone |date=30 April 2010 |title=Afghan feminists fighting from under the burqa |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/apr/30/afghanistan-women-feminists-burqa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920163044/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/30/afghanistan-women-feminists-burqa |archive-date=20 September 2012 |accessdate=30 December 2024 |work=the Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography of Martyred Meena, RAWA's founding leader |url=http://www.rawa.org/meena.html |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=www.rawa.org}}</ref> In May 2002, two men were hanged in Pakistan after being convicted of Kamal's murder.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2002 |title=BBC News - SOUTH ASIA - Afghan activist's killers hanged |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1973184.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313152147/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1973184.stm |archive-date=13 March 2007 |accessdate=15 May 2016 |publisher=}}</ref>
Ahmad married [[Meena Keshwar Kamal]] in 1976.<ref>Brodsky, Anne E. ''With all our strength : the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan''. [[New York City]]: [[Routledge]], 2003. p. 54</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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[[Category:People from Kandahar]]
[[Category:People from Kandahar]]
[[Category:Afghan Tajik people]]
[[Category:Afghan Tajik people]]
[[Category:Afghan atheists]]
[[Category:Afghan communists]]
[[Category:Afghan communists]]
[[Category:Anti-revisionists]]
[[Category:Anti-revisionists]]
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[[Category:Maoists]]
[[Category:Maoists]]
[[Category:Maoism in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Maoism in Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Mujahideen members of the Soviet–Afghan War]]
[[Category:Afghan people murdered abroad]]
[[Category:Afghan people murdered abroad]]

Latest revision as of 12:44, 2 January 2025

Faiz Ahmad
فيض احمد
Leader of the Afghanistan Liberation Organization
In office
1973 – 12 November 1986
Preceded byParty established
Leader of the Progressive Youth Organization
In office
1965–1973
Personal details
Born1946
Kandahar, Kingdom of Afghanistan
Died12 November 1986(1986-11-12) (aged 39–40)
Peshawar, Pakistan
Political partyALO (1973–1986)
Other political
affiliations		Shola-e Javid
Marxist-Leninist Organization of Afghanistan
SpouseMeena Keshwar Kamal
Children3
Military service
AllegianceAfghanistan Liberation Organization
Battles/wars1979 uprisings in Afghanistan Soviet–Afghan War

Faiz Ahmad (Persian: فیض احمد; 1946 – 12 November 1986) was an Afghan politician who led the Afghanistan Liberation Organization (ALO), a Marxist–Leninist organization established in Kabul.

Early life

[edit]

Ahmad was born in Kandahar in 1946 to a Persian-speaking ethnic Tajik family. He attended primary and secondary schools in Kandahar before moving to Kabul to enter Naderia High School, where he became involved in the leftist movement after reading some of the works of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin.

Akram Yari, a leader of the Maoist movement in Afghanistan, was Ahmad's teacher in Naderia High School and he deeply influenced Ahmad’s political beliefs.[1] Yari was leader of Progressive Youth Organization (PYO), a Maoist organization which was formed on 6 October 1965. Later, Ahmad parted ways with PYO and formed the Revolutionary Group of People of Afghanistan.

After graduating from high school, Ahmad entered the Medical Faculty of Kabul University. During these years he would establish the Revolutionary Group of People of Afghanistan which was later named Afghanistan Liberation Organization (ALO).

Anti government activity

[edit]

On April 27, 1978, Military officers loyal to the PDPA launched a "Revolution" on the orders of Hafizullah Amin in what would become known as the Saur Revolution. Despite bringing the Communist Khalqists into power many smaller Socialist groups rejected the Khalqists rule for various reasons from the Pashtun hegemony of the new government,[2] mistreatment of ethnic minorities,[3] and their Soviet Influence. On August 5, 1979, a united front of Anti Khalqist Marxists and moderate Islamist attempted a uprising in southern Kabul. The uprising lasted 5 hours and was brutally crushed by the Khalqist government's MiG aircraft, artillery and tanks[4][5]

Soviet-Afghan War

[edit]

During the onset of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, Faiz Ahmad, instrumental in the reorganization of the Afghanistan Liberation Organization, set the slogan "All resources at the service of liberation fronts!" as the interim objective of all "revolutionary struggle". During this time and under Faiz's leadership, the ALO decided to join the Islamist political forces in forming united fronts against the Soviet Union and the PDPA-Parcham government.

He wrote Mash'al-i Rehayi (The Beacon of Emancipation), an ALO political-theoretical publication, where he analyzed the situation and established political and strategic lines for ALO activities.

Assassination

[edit]

Ahmad was assassinated along with six other ALO members by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-i-Islami on 12 November 1986 in Peshawar, Pakistan.

Personal life

[edit]

Ahmad married Meena Keshwar Kamal in 1976.[6] Kamal was assassinated in Quetta, Pakistan on 4 February 1987.[7] Reports vary as to who the assassins were, but are believed to have been agents of the Afghan Intelligence Service KHAD, the Afghan secret police.[8][9] In May 2002, two men were hanged in Pakistan after being convicted of Kamal's murder.[10]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Biography of Comrade Dr Faiz Ahmad (1946–1986)". a-l-o.maoism.ru.
  2. ^ Byrne, Malcolm; Zubok, Vladislav. "The Intervention in Afghanistan and the Fall of Detente, A Chronology" (PDF). nsarchive2.gwu.edu.
  3. ^ "Flashback to 1979: A massacre of unarmed civilians in an uprising « RAWA News". www.rawa.org. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  4. ^ Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to the Present by Gilles Dorronsoro, 2005.
  5. ^ War in Afghanistan by K J Baker, 2011.
  6. ^ Brodsky, Anne E. With all our strength : the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan. New York City: Routledge, 2003. p. 54
  7. ^ Ramakrishnan, Nitya (May 2013). In Custody: Law, Impunity and Prisoner Abuse in South Asia. SAGE India. p. 118. ISBN 9788132117513.
  8. ^ Jon Boone (30 April 2010). "Afghan feminists fighting from under the burqa". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 September 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  9. ^ "Biography of Martyred Meena, RAWA's founding leader". www.rawa.org. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  10. ^ "BBC News - SOUTH ASIA - Afghan activist's killers hanged". 7 May 2002. Archived from the original on 13 March 2007. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
[edit]
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