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{{Short description|British-Indian military expedition to Torghar (1850)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=August 2024}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=August 2024}}
}}
{{Infobox military conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = First Black Mountain Expedition
| conflict = First Black Mountain Expedition
| place = [[Tor Ghar]], Pakistan
| place = [[Torghar District|Torghar]], [[North-West Frontier Province]], [[British India]]
| date = February-November 1850
| date = February – November 1850
| result = British Victory
| result = British victory
| combatant1 = {{flag|British Empire}}
| combatant1 = {{flag|British Raj}}
| combatant2 = [[Hassanzai]] Tribesmen <br> Hindustani Fanatics<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mxDYDwAAQBAJ&dq=black+mountain+expedition+1852&pg=PT258 |title= The Wahhabi Movement in India |author=Qeyamuddin Ahmad |date=2020 |isbn= 9781000082067 }}</ref>
| combatant2 = [[Hassanzai]] tribesmen<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mxDYDwAAQBAJ&dq=black+mountain+expedition+1852&pg=PT258 |title= The Wahhabi Movement in India |author=Qeyamuddin Ahmad |date=2020 |publisher= Routledge |isbn= 9781000082067 }}</ref>
| commander1 = Lt. Col. [[Frederick Mackeson]]
| commander1 = Lt. Col. [[Frederick Mackeson]]
| strength1 = 2400 Soldiers
| strength1 = {{ubl|2,400 Soldiers|1,400 Native Militia|17 Cannons}}

1400 Native Militia

17 Cannons
| casualties2 = Unknown
| casualties2 = Unknown
| casualties1 = 5 Killed 10 Wounded
| casualties1 = 5 Killed, 10 Wounded
| commander2 = Unknown
| commander2 = Unknown
| strength2 = Several Thousand
| strength2 = Several thousand
}}
}}
The '''First Black Mountain Expedition''' was a [[British Raj|British-Indian]] military expedition to the [[North-West Frontier Province]] in [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Expeditions Against the Frontier Tribes of the Northwest Frontier Province|url=http://www.antiquesatoz.com/stephenherold/nwfrontc.htm|access-date=2020-11-27|website=www.antiquesatoz.com}}</ref>
The '''First Black Mountain Expedition''' was a [[British Raj|British-Indian]] military expedition to [[Torghar District|Torghar]] (Black Mountain), [[North-West Frontier Province]] against [[the Black Mountain tribes]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Expeditions Against the Frontier Tribes of the Northwest Frontier Province|url=http://www.antiquesatoz.com/stephenherold/nwfrontc.htm|access-date=2020-11-27|website=antiquesatoz.com}}</ref>


The war began when two British customs officers were killed by tribesmen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Mountain Expedition 1852-53 - FIBIwiki|url=https://wiki.fibis.org/enwiki/w/Black_Mountain_Expedition_1852-53|access-date=2020-11-27|website=wiki.fibis.org}}</ref> The First Black Mountain Campaign according to contemporary sources revealed the cause of the seemingly systematic nature of the revolt, as the British first discovered the Hindustani Fanatics, who had caused the failure of the negotiations between the locals and the authorities. The campaign made it necessary for another expedition to subdue the colony of the Hindustanis in 1853.<ref>{{cite book |title= The Savage Border: The Story of the North-West Frontier |author=Jules Stewart |publisher=the History Press |date= 2007 |isbn=9780752496078 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h6WYDgAAQBAJ&dq=black+mountain+campaign+hindustanis&pg=PT48 }}</ref>
The war began when two British customs officers were killed by tribesmen.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Mountain Expedition 1852-53 - FIBIwiki|url=https://wiki.fibis.org/enwiki/w/Black_Mountain_Expedition_1852-53|access-date=2020-11-27|website=wiki.fibis.org}}</ref> The First Black Mountain Expedition according to contemporary sources revealed the cause of the seemingly systematic nature of the revolt, as the British first discovered the [[Hindustan|Hindustani]] ([[Ahl-i Hadith]]) fanatics, who had caused the failure of the negotiations between the locals and the authorities. The campaign made it necessary for another expedition to subdue the colony of the Hindustanis in 1853.<ref>{{cite book |title= The Savage Border: The Story of the North-West Frontier |author=Jules Stewart |publisher=the History Press |date= 2007 |isbn=9780752496078 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h6WYDgAAQBAJ&dq=black+mountain+campaign+hindustanis&pg=PT48 }}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Second Black Mountain Expedition]]
* Third Black Mountain Expedition or the [[Hazara Expedition of 1888]]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Military expeditions]]
[[Category:Military expeditions]]
[[Category:Military history of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]

[[Category:1850s battles]]

[[Category:1850s conflicts]]
⚫
{{Pakistan-stub}}
[[Category:Battles involving British India]]
[[Category:Battles involving British India]]
[[Category:1850s in British India]]
[[Category:Punitive expeditions of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Torghar District]]
[[Category:Wahhabism]]
[[Category:Religion-based civil wars]]
[[Category:Ahl-i Hadith]]
[[Category:Salafi Jihadism]]

{{India-hist-stub}}
⚫
{{Pakistan-hist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 16:04, 1 January 2025

First Black Mountain Expedition
DateFebruary – November 1850
Location
Torghar, North-West Frontier Province, British India
Result British victory
Belligerents
 British Raj Hassanzai tribesmen[1]
Commanders and leaders
Lt. Col. Frederick Mackeson Unknown
Strength
  • 2,400 Soldiers
  • 1,400 Native Militia
  • 17 Cannons
 Several thousand
Casualties and losses
5 Killed, 10 Wounded Unknown

The First Black Mountain Expedition was a British-Indian military expedition to Torghar (Black Mountain), North-West Frontier Province against the Black Mountain tribes.[2]

The war began when two British customs officers were killed by tribesmen.[3] The First Black Mountain Expedition according to contemporary sources revealed the cause of the seemingly systematic nature of the revolt, as the British first discovered the Hindustani (Ahl-i Hadith) fanatics, who had caused the failure of the negotiations between the locals and the authorities. The campaign made it necessary for another expedition to subdue the colony of the Hindustanis in 1853.[4]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Qeyamuddin Ahmad (2020). The Wahhabi Movement in India. Routledge. ISBN 9781000082067.
  2. ^ "Expeditions Against the Frontier Tribes of the Northwest Frontier Province". antiquesatoz.com. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
  3. ^ "Black Mountain Expedition 1852-53 - FIBIwiki". wiki.fibis.org. Retrieved 2020-11-27.
  4. ^ Jules Stewart (2007). The Savage Border: The Story of the North-West Frontier. the History Press. ISBN 9780752496078.
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