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Coordinates: 53°20′55″N 83°46′35″E / 53.34861°N 83.77639°E / 53.34861; 83.77639
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{{Short description|City in Altai Krai, Russia}}
{{other uses}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox Russian city
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name = Barnaul
|en_name = Barnaul
|ru_name = Барнаул
|ru_name = Барнаул
|image_skyline = Barnaul (2021)-1.jpeg
|image_skyline = Barnaul Skyline 2007.jpg
|image_caption = Malo-Tobolskaya street
|image_caption = Barnaul as seen from the Nagorny Park
|coordinates = {{coord|53|20|55|N|83|46|35|E|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|53|20|55|N|83|46|35|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position = right
|map_label_position = right
Line 16: Line 17:
|federal_subject = [[Altai Krai]]
|federal_subject = [[Altai Krai]]
|federal_subject_ref = <ref name="AltaiK_adm" />
|federal_subject_ref = <ref name="AltaiK_adm" />
|adm_data_as_of = September 2015
|adm_city_jur = [[City of federal subject significance|City of krai significance of Barnaul]]
|adm_city_jur = [[City of federal subject significance|City of krai significance of Barnaul]]
|adm_city_jur_ref = <ref name="AltaiK_adm" />
|adm_city_jur_ref = <ref name="AltaiK_adm" />
Line 27: Line 27:
|inhabloc_type =
|inhabloc_type =
|inhabloc_type_ref =
|inhabloc_type_ref =
|mun_data_as_of = July 2009
|urban_okrug_jur=Barnaul Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur=Barnaul Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref = <ref name="AltaiKBarnaul_mun" />
|urban_okrug_jur_ref = <ref name="AltaiKBarnaul_mun" />
Line 63: Line 62:
|dialing_codes_ref =
|dialing_codes_ref =
|website=barnaul.org
|website=barnaul.org
|website_ref=
|date = June 2015
}}
}}
{{Infobox}}
{{Infobox}}


'''Barnaul''' ({{lang-ru|Барнау́л}}, {{IPA-ru|bərnɐˈul|IPA}}) is the largest [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] and [[administrative centre]] of [[Altai Krai]], [[Russia]], located at the [[confluence]] of the [[Barnaulka]] and [[Ob (river)|Ob River]]s in the [[West Siberian Plain]]. As of the [[Russian Census (2021)|2021 census]], its population was&nbsp;630,877,<ref name=2021Census>{{cite web|title=Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=1 September 2022}}</ref> making it the [[List of cities and towns in Russia by population|20th-largest city in Russia]] and the fourth-largest in the [[Siberian Federal District]].
'''Barnaul''' ({{langx|ru|Барнау́л}}, {{IPA|ru|bərnɐˈul|IPA}}) is the largest [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] and [[administrative centre]] of [[Altai Krai]], [[Russia]], located at the [[confluence]] of the [[Barnaulka]] and [[Ob (river)|Ob River]]s in the [[West Siberian Plain]]. As of the [[Russian Census (2021)|2021 census]], its population was&nbsp;630,877,<ref name=2021Census>{{cite web|title=Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=[[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)|Federal State Statistics Service]]|accessdate=1 September 2022}}</ref> making it the [[List of cities and towns in Russia by population|20th-largest city in Russia]] and the fourth-largest in the [[Siberian Federal District]].{{fact|date=November 2024}}


Located in the south of [[western Siberia]] on the left bank of the Ob River, Barnaul is a major transport, industrial, cultural, medical and educational hub of Siberia. Barnaul was founded by the wealthy [[Demidov]] family, who intended to develop the production of [[copper]] and [[silver]], which continued after the factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became a major centre of silver production in Russia. Barnaul was granted city status in 1771.
Located in the south of [[western Siberia]] on the left bank of the Ob River, Barnaul is a major transport, industrial, cultural, medical and educational hub of Siberia. Barnaul was founded by the wealthy [[Demidov]] family, who intended to develop the production of [[copper]] and [[silver]], which continued after the factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became a major centre of silver production in Russia. Barnaul was granted city status in 1771.{{fact|date=November 2024}}


== Administrative and municipal status ==
== Administrative and municipal status ==
Line 81: Line 78:


== History ==
== History ==
{{For timeline}}

=== Ancient history ===
=== Ancient history ===
The area around the city has been inhabited by [[Homo sapiens sapiens|modern humans]], [[Neanderthals]] and [[Denisovans]], for hundreds of thousands of years. They settled here to take advantage of the confluence of the rivers, used for transportation and fishing. In the late BC millennia, the locality was a centre of activity for [[Scythian]] and various [[Turkic peoples]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ijJ4o2iorhkC&pg=PA250|title=Scythians and Greeks: A Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus|first=Ellis Hovell|last=Minns|date=13 January 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-02487-7|access-date=1 January 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref>
The area around the city has been inhabited by [[Homo sapiens sapiens|modern humans]], [[Neanderthals]] and [[Denisovans]], for hundreds of thousands of years. They settled here to take advantage of the confluence of the rivers, used for transportation and fishing. In the late BC millennia, the locality was a centre of activity for [[Scythian]] and various [[Turkic peoples]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ijJ4o2iorhkC&pg=PA250|title=Scythians and Greeks: A Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus|first=Ellis Hovell|last=Minns|date=13 January 2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-02487-7|access-date=1 January 2018|via=Google Books}}</ref>
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In 1914, Barnaul was the site of the largest [[conscription]] riot in Russia during [[World War I]]. There were more than 100 casualties from the fighting.<ref>Sanborn, Josh. "The Mobilization of 1917 and the Question of the Russian Nation." ''Slavic Review,'' Vol. 59, No. 2: pp. 267-89.</ref>
In 1914, Barnaul was the site of the largest [[conscription]] riot in Russia during [[World War I]]. There were more than 100 casualties from the fighting.<ref>Sanborn, Josh. "The Mobilization of 1917 and the Question of the Russian Nation." ''Slavic Review,'' Vol. 59, No. 2: pp. 267-89.</ref>


Maria Stepanovna (née Zudilova) (1912–1996) was born and lived as a child in this city. She later became the mother of American actresses [[Natalie Wood]] (born Natalia Zakharenko) and [[Lana Wood]] (born Lana Gurdin).<ref name="lambert" /> Her father Stepan was killed in the 1918 street fighting between the Whites and Reds following the Revolution. Afterward her mother took Maria and her siblings as refugees to [[Harbin, China]]. Maria married a Russian there, and they had a daughter Olga together. Maria eventually immigrated with Olga to the United States, where she married another Russian immigrant, from Vladivostok, and had two daughters with him.<ref name="lambert">Lambert, Gavin (2004). ''Natalie Wood: A Life,'' London: Faber and Faber, p.8. {{ISBN|978-0-571-22197-4}}</ref>
Mary 'Marie' 'Maria' Stepanovna Zudilova Tatuloff Zacharenko Gurdin (1908–1998) was reputedly born in this city.<ref>Tatuloff, Alexander (17 September 1934). [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-8BVN-8YJ Declaration of Intention, no. 89199]. ''U.S. District Court Naturalization Index, 1852–1989''.</ref> She later became the mother of American actresses [[Natalie Wood|Natalie]] and [[Lana Wood]]. Her father Stepan was reputedly killed in the 1918 street fighting between the Whites and Reds following the Revolution. Afterward her mother took Mary and her siblings as refugees to [[Harbin, China]]. Mary married Alexander Tatuloff there in 1925, and they had a daughter Olga together. Mary eventually immigrated to the United States, where she divorced Alexander in 1936 and later married Nicholas Zacharenko, from Ussuriysk, and had two daughters with him.{{fact|date=November 2024}}


=== World War II ===
=== World War II ===
Over half of the light ammunition used by the Soviet Union in [[World War II]] is estimated to have been manufactured in Barnaul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ada.ru/Guns/bsz/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000115231932/http://www.ada.ru/Guns/bsz/index.htm|archive-date=15 January 2000|title=Барнаульские патроны}}</ref>
Over half of the light ammunition used by the Soviet Union in [[World War II]] is estimated to have been manufactured in Barnaul.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ada.ru/Guns/bsz/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000115231932/http://www.ada.ru/Guns/bsz/index.htm|archive-date=15 January 2000|title=Барнаульские патроны}}</ref>

=== Recent history ===
In 2012, when residents of Barnaul were denied a permit for a street protest, they ingeniously circumvented the restriction by staging a demonstration with toys such as teddy bears, Lego figures, and toy soldiers holding signs denouncing electoral corruption. The photos of these rebellious figurines quickly spread across Russia, prompting others to replicate the protest. Faced with an awkward dilemma, Putin's government decided to ban the toy protests, asserting that toys, not being Russian citizens, were ineligible to participate in public gatherings, as explained by a government official.<ref>{{Cite web |last=VanHise |first=James L. |date=2021-09-21 |title=Dilemma Actions: The Power of Putting your Opponent in a Bind |url=https://commonslibrary.org/new-research-shows-the-power-of-putting-your-opponent-in-a-bind/ |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=The Commons Social Change Library |language=en-AU}}</ref>


== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==
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|0.5%
|0.5%
|-
|-
|[[Germans]]
|[[Volga Germans|Germans]]
|2,644
|2,644
|0.5%
|0.5%
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|[[Ukrainians]]
|[[Ukrainians]]
|1,759
|1,759
|0.5%
|0.3%
|-
|-
|[[Armenians]]
|[[Armenians]]
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== Economy ==
== Economy ==
Barnaul is an important industrial centre of Western [[Siberia]]. There are more than 100 industrial enterprises in the city, employing approximately 120,000 people. Leading industries include [[Diesel fuel|diesel]] and carbon processing; as well as production of heavy machinery, tyres, furniture and footwear.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barnaul.org/vlast/itogi-08/ |title=Власть |access-date=28 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027093541/http://www.barnaul.org/vlast/itogi-08/ |archive-date=27 October 2012 }}</ref>
Barnaul is an important industrial centre of Western [[Siberia]]. There are more than 100 industrial enterprises in the city, employing approximately 120,000 people. Leading industries include [[Diesel fuel|diesel]] and carbon processing; as well as production of heavy machinery, tyres, furniture and footwear.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.barnaul.org/vlast/itogi-08/ |title=Власть |access-date=28 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027093541/http://www.barnaul.org/vlast/itogi-08/ |archive-date=27 October 2012 }}</ref> The [[Barnaul Cartridge Plant]], a major manufacturer of small-arms ammunition, is located in the city.


== Transportation ==
== Transportation ==
Barnaul is located on the South Siberian, [[Turkestan–Siberia Railway|Turk–Sib]] and Omsk–Barnaul railway lines.<ref>{{cite web |title=Barnaul |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Barnaul |website=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref>
Barnaul is located on the South Siberian, [[Turkestan–Siberia Railway|Turk–Sib]] and Omsk–Barnaul railway lines.<ref>{{cite web |title=Barnaul |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Barnaul |website=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |access-date=8 November 2019}}</ref>

⚫
Barnaul has public transport of Bus, Trolley and Taxies. [[Barnaul International Airport]] is located 16 kilometres West of the city center. It is served by airlines such as Aeroflot, S7, Nordwind, Iraero and Ural Airlines. It has regular flights to Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg and Surgut.
Barnaul has public transport of Buses, Minibuses, Trolleybuses, Trams and Taxies.
Intercity bus routes are operate to Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Biysk, Rubtsovsk and other cities. Also there are bus routes to Kazakhstan cities Oskemen, Pavlodar.

⚫
[[Barnaul International Airport]] is located 16 kilometres West of the city center. It is served by airlines such as Aeroflot, S7, Nordwind, Iraero and Ural Airlines. It has regular flights to Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Surgut etc.


== Climate ==
== Climate ==
The [[humid continental climate]] of Barnaul ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb'') is defined by its geographical position at the southern end of the Siberian [[steppe]]: it is subject to long winters, with an average of {{convert|-15.5|C}} in January, but also enjoys a short warm season in the summer with an average temperature of {{convert|19.9|C}} in July. Temperatures can vary in the extreme, from below {{convert|-45|C}} in the winter to above {{convert|35|C}} in the summer.
The [[humid continental climate]] of Barnaul ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb'') is defined by its geographical position at the southern end of the Siberian [[forest steppe]]: it is subject to long winters, with an average of {{convert|-15.5|C}} in January, but also enjoys a short warm season in the summer with an average temperature of {{convert|19.9|C}} in July. Temperatures can vary in the extreme, from below {{convert|-45|C}} in the winter to above {{convert|35|C}} in the summer.


The climate is relatively dry. The average [[precipitation]] in the area is {{convert|433|mm|abbr=on}} per year, 75% of which occurs during the region's warmer season. This means snow packs can be quite moderate in spite of the cold temperatures.
The climate is relatively dry. The average [[precipitation]] in the area is {{convert|433|mm|abbr=on}} per year, 75% of which occurs during the region's warmer season. This means snow packs can be quite moderate in spite of the cold temperatures.
Line 293: Line 299:
}}
}}


[[File:Barnaul41.jpg|thumb| A historical wooden house in Barnaul on the Socialisticheskiy Prospect]]
[[File:Barnaul41.jpg|thumb|A historical wooden house in Barnaul on the Socialisticheskiy Prospect]]
[[File:Barnaul Imperator Restaurant.jpg|right|thumb|A historical wooden house used to be as the Imperator Restaurant (former Russian Tea Restaurant), now is under reconstruction]]
[[File:Barnaul Imperator Restaurant.jpg|right|thumb|A historical wooden house used to be as the Imperator Restaurant (former Russian Tea Restaurant), now under reconstruction]]
[[File:Barnaul Skyline 2007.jpg|thumb|View of central Barnaul in the summer of 2007]]
[[File:Barnaul Skyline 2007.jpg|thumb|View of central Barnaul in the summer of 2007]]
[[File:Барнаул, Змеиногорский тракт, жилой дом - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Modern apartment building, built in 2010]]
[[File:Барнаул, Змеиногорский тракт, жилой дом - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Modern apartment building, built in 2010]]
Line 305: Line 311:
* [[Aleksey Chuklin]], racing driver
* [[Aleksey Chuklin]], racing driver
* [[Pyotr Kozmitch Frolov]], scientist and inventor
* [[Pyotr Kozmitch Frolov]], scientist and inventor
* [[Valery Kopytov]], serial killer
* [[Tatyana Kotova]], Olympic champion in [[long jump]]
* [[Tatyana Kotova]], Olympic champion in [[long jump]]
* [[Kirill Marchenko]], NHL professional ice hockey player
* [[Kirill Marchenko]], NHL professional ice hockey player
Line 323: Line 330:
* [[Mikhail Yevdokimov]], comedian and former governor of Altai Krai
* [[Mikhail Yevdokimov]], comedian and former governor of Altai Krai
* [[Maxim Zimin]], racing driver
* [[Maxim Zimin]], racing driver
* Maria Zudilova, mother of [[Natalie Wood|Natalie wood]]
* Maria Zudilova, mother of [[Natalie Wood]]


== Twin towns – sister cities ==
== Twin towns – sister cities ==
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*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Changji]], China
*{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Changji]], China
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]], United States
*{{flagicon|USA}} [[Flagstaff, Arizona|Flagstaff]], United States
*{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Oskemen]], Kazakhstan
*{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Öskemen]], Kazakhstan
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Shumen]], Bulgaria
*{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Shumen]], Bulgaria
<!--Zaragoza – not twinning-->
<!--Zaragoza – not twinning-->
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* [[Nagorny Park]]
* [[Nagorny Park]]
* [[Tsentralny City District, Barnaul]]
* [[Tsentralny City District, Barnaul]]
* [[Timeline of Barnaul]]
* {{portal-inline|Siberia}}
* {{portal-inline|Siberia}}


Line 352: Line 360:


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Barnaul}}
* {{Wikivoyage inline|Barnaul}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Barnaul|volume=3|short=x}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Barnaul|volume=3|short=x}}
* [http://www.barnaul.org/ Official website of Barnaul] {{in lang|ru}}
* [http://www.barnaul.org/ Official website of Barnaul] {{in lang|ru}}

Latest revision as of 00:34, 6 November 2024

For other uses, see Barnaul (disambiguation).

Barnaul
Барнаул
City[1]
Barnaul as seen from the Nagorny Park
Barnaul as seen from the Nagorny Park
Flag of Barnaul
Flag
Coat of arms of Barnaul
Coat of arms
Anthem: None[2]
Location of Barnaul
Map
Barnaul is located in Russia
Barnaul
Barnaul
Location of Barnaul
Barnaul is located in Altai Krai
Barnaul
Barnaul
Barnaul (Altai Krai)
Coordinates: 53°20′55″N 83°46′35″E / 53.34861°N 83.77639°E / 53.34861; 83.77639
CountryRussia
Federal subjectAltai Krai[1]
Established1730[3]
City status since1771[4]
Government
 • BodyCity Duma[5]
 • Head[6]Vyacheslav Frank
Area
[7]
 • Total
940 km2 (360 sq mi)
Elevation
180 m (590 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[8]
 • Total
612,401
 • Estimate 
(2018)[9]
632,372 (+3.3%)
 • Rank21st in 2010
 • Density650/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
 • Subordinated toCity of krai significance of Barnaul[1]
 • Capital ofAltai Krai,[10] City of krai significance of Barnaul[1]
 • Urban okrugBarnaul Urban Okrug[11]
 • Capital ofBarnaul Urban Okrug[11]
Time zoneUTC+7 (MSK+4 Edit this on Wikidata[12])
Postal code(s)[13]
656000, 656002–656004, 656006, 656008, 656010–656012, 656015, 656016, 656018, 656019, 656021, 656023–656025, 656031, 656033, 656035–656039, 656043–656045, 656048–656050, 656052–656060, 656062–656068, 656700, 656880, 656890, 656899, 656905, 656960, 656961, 656963–656966, 656998, 656999, 901024, 901213
Dialing code(s)+7 3852
OKTMO ID01701000001
City DayOne of the weekend days in August or September[3]
Websitebarnaul.org

Barnaul (Russian: Барнау́л, IPA: [bərnɐˈul]) is the largest city and administrative centre of Altai Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Barnaulka and Ob Rivers in the West Siberian Plain. As of the 2021 census, its population was 630,877,[14] making it the 20th-largest city in Russia and the fourth-largest in the Siberian Federal District.[citation needed]

Located in the south of western Siberia on the left bank of the Ob River, Barnaul is a major transport, industrial, cultural, medical and educational hub of Siberia. Barnaul was founded by the wealthy Demidov family, who intended to develop the production of copper and silver, which continued after the factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became a major centre of silver production in Russia. Barnaul was granted city status in 1771.[citation needed]

Administrative and municipal status

[edit]

Barnaul is the administrative centre of the krai.[10] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with the work settlement of Yuzhny and twenty-four rural localities, incorporated as the city of krai significance of Barnaul – an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Barnaul is incorporated as Barnaul Urban Okrug.[11]

Geography

[edit]

Barnaul is located in the forest steppe zone of the West Siberian Plain, on the left bank of the Ob River, at its confluence with the Barnaulka.

The border with Kazakhstan is 345 km (210 mi) to the south, which makes Barnaul the closest major city to the Altai Mountains. The city is also situated relatively close to the Russian border with Mongolia and the border with China.

History

[edit]
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Barnaul.

Ancient history

[edit]

The area around the city has been inhabited by modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans, for hundreds of thousands of years. They settled here to take advantage of the confluence of the rivers, used for transportation and fishing. In the late BC millennia, the locality was a centre of activity for Scythian and various Turkic peoples.[15]

Russian Empire

[edit]

While 1730 is considered Barnaul's official establishment date, its first mention dates back to 1724.[3] It was granted city status in 1771.[4] Chosen for its proximity to the mineral-rich Altai Mountains and its location on a major river, it was founded by the wealthy Demidov family.[4] The Demidovs wanted to develop the copper in the mountains, and soon found substantial deposits of silver as well. In 1747, the Demidovs' factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became the centre of silver production of the Russian Empire.[16]

In 1914, Barnaul was the site of the largest conscription riot in Russia during World War I. There were more than 100 casualties from the fighting.[17]

Mary 'Marie' 'Maria' Stepanovna Zudilova Tatuloff Zacharenko Gurdin (1908–1998) was reputedly born in this city.[18] She later became the mother of American actresses Natalie and Lana Wood. Her father Stepan was reputedly killed in the 1918 street fighting between the Whites and Reds following the Revolution. Afterward her mother took Mary and her siblings as refugees to Harbin, China. Mary married Alexander Tatuloff there in 1925, and they had a daughter Olga together. Mary eventually immigrated to the United States, where she divorced Alexander in 1936 and later married Nicholas Zacharenko, from Ussuriysk, and had two daughters with him.[citation needed]

World War II

[edit]

Over half of the light ammunition used by the Soviet Union in World War II is estimated to have been manufactured in Barnaul.[19]

Recent history

[edit]

In 2012, when residents of Barnaul were denied a permit for a street protest, they ingeniously circumvented the restriction by staging a demonstration with toys such as teddy bears, Lego figures, and toy soldiers holding signs denouncing electoral corruption. The photos of these rebellious figurines quickly spread across Russia, prompting others to replicate the protest. Faced with an awkward dilemma, Putin's government decided to ban the toy protests, asserting that toys, not being Russian citizens, were ineligible to participate in public gatherings, as explained by a government official.[20]

Demographics

[edit]

As of 2021, the ethnic composition of Barnaul was:[21]

Ethnicity Population Percentage
Russians 492,285 95.9%
Tajiks 2,701 0.5%
Germans 2,644 0.5%
Ukrainians 1,759 0.3%
Armenians 1,668 0.3%
Other Ethnicities 12,398 2.4%
Historical population
YearPop.±%
189721,073—    
192673,206+247.4%
1939148,162+102.4%
1959305,046+105.9%
1970439,134+44.0%
1979533,263+21.4%
1989601,811+12.9%
2002600,749−0.2%
2010612,401+1.9%
2021630,877+3.0%
Source: Russian Census

Economy

[edit]

Barnaul is an important industrial centre of Western Siberia. There are more than 100 industrial enterprises in the city, employing approximately 120,000 people. Leading industries include diesel and carbon processing; as well as production of heavy machinery, tyres, furniture and footwear.[22] The Barnaul Cartridge Plant, a major manufacturer of small-arms ammunition, is located in the city.

Transportation

[edit]

Barnaul is located on the South Siberian, Turk–Sib and Omsk–Barnaul railway lines.[23]

Barnaul has public transport of Buses, Minibuses, Trolleybuses, Trams and Taxies. Intercity bus routes are operate to Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Biysk, Rubtsovsk and other cities. Also there are bus routes to Kazakhstan cities Oskemen, Pavlodar.

Barnaul International Airport is located 16 kilometres West of the city center. It is served by airlines such as Aeroflot, S7, Nordwind, Iraero and Ural Airlines. It has regular flights to Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Surgut etc.

Climate

[edit]

The humid continental climate of Barnaul (Köppen Dfb) is defined by its geographical position at the southern end of the Siberian forest steppe: it is subject to long winters, with an average of −15.5 °C (4.1 °F) in January, but also enjoys a short warm season in the summer with an average temperature of 19.9 °C (67.8 °F) in July. Temperatures can vary in the extreme, from below −45 °C (−49 °F) in the winter to above 35 °C (95 °F) in the summer.

The climate is relatively dry. The average precipitation in the area is 433 mm (17.0 in) per year, 75% of which occurs during the region's warmer season. This means snow packs can be quite moderate in spite of the cold temperatures.

Climate data for Barnaul (1991–2020, extremes 1838–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 5.3
(41.5) 		7.4
(45.3) 		16.4
(61.5) 		32.3
(90.1) 		37.4
(99.3) 		38.5
(101.3) 		37.9
(100.2) 		38.3
(100.9) 		34.4
(93.9) 		27.4
(81.3) 		16.6
(61.9) 		7.2
(45.0) 		38.5
(101.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −11.4
(11.5) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		0.2
(32.4) 		11.5
(52.7) 		20.2
(68.4) 		24.8
(76.6) 		26.3
(79.3) 		24.5
(76.1) 		17.6
(63.7) 		9.6
(49.3) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		8.7
(47.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −16.2
(2.8) 		−13.6
(7.5) 		−5.7
(21.7) 		5.0
(41.0) 		12.9
(55.2) 		18.2
(64.8) 		19.9
(67.8) 		17.6
(63.7) 		11.0
(51.8) 		4.0
(39.2) 		−6.2
(20.8) 		−13.1
(8.4) 		2.8
(37.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −20.7
(−5.3) 		−18.7
(−1.7) 		−10.9
(12.4) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		6.4
(43.5) 		12.0
(53.6) 		14.2
(57.6) 		11.8
(53.2) 		5.6
(42.1) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		−9.9
(14.2) 		−17.6
(0.3) 		−2.4
(27.7)
Record low °C (°F) −48.2
(−54.8) 		−46.1
(−51.0) 		−38.9
(−38.0) 		−27.6
(−17.7) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		2.9
(37.2) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		−27.0
(−16.6) 		−42.8
(−45.0) 		−43.9
(−47.0) 		−48.2
(−54.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 23
(0.9) 		18
(0.7) 		19
(0.7) 		28
(1.1) 		41
(1.6) 		54
(2.1) 		72
(2.8) 		45
(1.8) 		36
(1.4) 		35
(1.4) 		40
(1.6) 		32
(1.3) 		443
(17.4)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 38
(15) 		47
(19) 		45
(18) 		6
(2.4) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.4) 		8
(3.1) 		23
(9.1) 		47
(19)
Average rainy days 0.4 1 3 12 17 16 17 15 16 14 6 1 118
Average snowy days 22 20 16 9 2 0.1 0 0 1 10 18 24 122
Average relative humidity (%) 78 76 74 63 55 64 70 70 69 73 79 79 71
Mean monthly sunshine hours 77 112 178 218 272 315 320 265 199 109 75 64 2,204
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[24]
Source 2: NOAA (sun only, 1961–1990)[25]
A historical wooden house in Barnaul on the Socialisticheskiy Prospect
A historical wooden house used to be as the Imperator Restaurant (former Russian Tea Restaurant), now under reconstruction
View of central Barnaul in the summer of 2007
Modern apartment building, built in 2010
Park in Barnaul
The Ob River in Barnaul

Notable people

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Twin towns – sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Barnaul is twinned with:[27][28]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Law #28-ZS
  2. ^ According to Article 5 of the Charter of Barnaul, the official symbols of the city Archived 24 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine include only a flag and a coat of arms.
  3. ^ a b c Charter of Barnaul, Article 4
  4. ^ a b c Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. pp. 36–38. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  5. ^ Charter of Barnaul, Article 37
  6. ^ Charter of Barnaul, Article 46
  7. ^ a b Official website of Barnaul. Geography Archived 2 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  8. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  9. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20180726010024/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2018. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  10. ^ a b Charter of Altai Krai, Article 6
  11. ^ a b c Law #144-ZS
  12. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  13. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  14. ^ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  15. ^ Minns, Ellis Hovell (13 January 2011). Scythians and Greeks: A Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-02487-7. Retrieved 1 January 2018 – via Google Books.
  16. ^ "Пятые Бородавкинские чтения". new.hist.asu.ru. Archived from the original on 25 July 2012. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  17. ^ Sanborn, Josh. "The Mobilization of 1917 and the Question of the Russian Nation." Slavic Review, Vol. 59, No. 2: pp. 267-89.
  18. ^ Tatuloff, Alexander (17 September 1934). Declaration of Intention, no. 89199. U.S. District Court Naturalization Index, 1852–1989.
  19. ^ "Барнаульские патроны". Archived from the original on 15 January 2000.
  20. ^ VanHise, James L. (21 September 2021). "Dilemma Actions: The Power of Putting your Opponent in a Bind". The Commons Social Change Library. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  21. ^ "Национальный состав населения". Rosstat. Retrieved 19 August 2023.
  22. ^ "Власть". Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  23. ^ "Barnaul". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
  24. ^ "Weather And Climate – Climate Barnaul" (in Russian). Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  25. ^ "Climate Normals for Barnaul". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2 November 2021.
  26. ^ "Сергей Шубенков выиграл "золото" на Чемпионате мира по лёгкой атлетике в Пекине". Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
  27. ^ "США, Испания и Китай: в каких еще странах у Барнаула есть города-побратимы?". tolknews.ru (in Russian). Tolk. 31 October 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  28. ^ "Град Шумен – Как да ни намерите". tourism-shumen.com (in Bulgarian). Tourism Shumen. Retrieved 14 July 2020.

Sources

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  • Барнаульская городская Дума. Решение №789 от 20 июня 2008 г. «Устав городского округа — города Барнаула Алтайского края», в ред. Решения №766 от 31 марта 2017 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав городского округа — города Барнаула Алтайского края (в ред. Решения от 16.12.2016 №706)». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования (15 июля 2008 г.) (за исключением отдельных положений, вступивших в силу в иные сроки). Опубликован: "Вечерний Барнаул", №103, 15 июля 2008 г. (Barnaul City Duma. Decision #789 of June 20, 2008 Charter of the Urban Okrug—the City of Barnaul of Altai Krai, as amended by the Decision #766 of March 31, 2017 On Amending the Charter of the Urban Okrug—the City of Barnaul of Altai Krai (rev. #706 of December 16, 2016). Effective as of the day of the official publication (July 15, 2008) (with the exception of clauses which take effect on different dates).).
  • Алтайское краевое Законодательное Собрание. №3-ЗС 5 июня 1995 г. «Устав (основной закон) Алтайского края», в ред. Закона №118-ЗС от 1 декабря 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав (Основной Закон) Алтайского края». Опубликован: "Алтайская правда", №100, 14 июня 1995 г. (Altai Krai Legislative Assembly. #3-ZS June 5, 1995 Charter (Basic Law) of Altai Krai, as amended by the Law #118-ZS of December 1, 2015 On Amending the Charter (Basic Law) of Altai Krai. ).
  • Алтайский краевой Совет народных депутатов. Закон №28-ЗС от 1 марта 2008 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Алтайского края», в ред. Закона №16-ЗС от 4 апреля 2017 г. «О присоединении станции Железнодорожная Казарма 572 км к посёлку Октябрьскому Октябрьского сельсовета Кулундинского района Алтайского края и внесении изменений в отдельные законы Алтайского края». Вступил в силу 8 марта 2008 г. Опубликован: "Алтайская правда", №67, 8 марта 2008 г. (Altai Krai Council of People's Deputies. Law #28-ZS of March 1, 2008 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Altai Krai, as amended by the Law #16-ZS of April 4, 2017 On Merging the Station of Zheleznodorozhnaya Kazarma 572 km into the Settlement of Oktyabrsky in Oktyabrsky Selsoviet of Kulundinsky District of Altai Krai and on Amending Various Laws of Altai Krai. Effective as of March 8, 2008.).
  • Алтайское краевое Законодательное Собрание. Закон №144-ЗС от 27 декабря 2008 г. «О статусе и границах муниципального и административно-территориального образования город Барнаул Алтайского края», в ред. Закона №44-ЗС от 2 июля 2009 г «О внесении изменений в Приложение 1 к Закону Алтайского края "О статусе и границах муниципального и административно-территориального образования город Барнаул Алтайского края"». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Алтайская правда", №5–6, 15 января 2009 г. (Altai Krai Legislative Assembly. Law #144-ZS of December 27, 2008 On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal and the Administrative-Territorial Formation of the City of Barnaul of Altai Krai, as amended by the Law #44-ZS of July 2, 2009 On Amending Appendix 1 of the Law of Altai Krai "On the Status and the Borders of the Municipal and the Administrative-Territorial Formation of the City of Barnaul of Altai Krai". Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the day of the official publication.).
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