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{{short description|Letter of the Latin alphabet}}
{{short description|Letter of the Latin alphabet}}
{{distinguish|Latin iota}}
{{distinguish|Latin iota|Small capital i}}
{{Infobox grapheme
{{Infobox grapheme
|name=Dotless I
|name=Dotless I
|letter=I ı
|letter=I ı
|image=File:Latin letter Iı.svg
|image=File:Latin letter dotless I.svg
|imagesize=90px
|script=[[Latin script]]
|script=[[Latin script]]
|language=[[Turkish language]]
|language=[[Turkish language]]
Line 17: Line 16:
|typedesc=ic
|typedesc=ic
}}
}}
'''I''', or '''ı''', called '''dotless i''', is a letter used in the [[Latin-script alphabet|Latin-script alphabets]] of [[Azerbaijani alphabet|Azerbaijani]], [[Crimean Tatar alphabet|Crimean Tatar]], [[Gagauz alphabet|Gagauz]], [[Kazakh alphabets|Kazakh]], [[Tatar alphabet|Tatar]], and [[Turkish alphabet|Turkish]]. It commonly represents the [[close back unrounded vowel]] {{IPA|/ɯ/}}, except in Kazakh where it represents the [[Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|near-close front unrounded vowel]] {{IPA|/ɪ/}}. All of the languages it is used in also use its [[İ|dotted counterpart İ]] while not using the basic [[I|Latin letter I]].
'''I''', or '''ı''', called '''dotless i''', is a letter used in the [[Latin-script alphabet|Latin-script alphabets]] of [[Azerbaijani alphabet|Azerbaijani]], [[Crimean Tatar alphabet|Crimean Tatar]], [[Gagauz alphabet|Gagauz]], [[Kazakh alphabets|Kazakh]], [[Tatar alphabet|Tatar]] and [[Turkish alphabet|Turkish]]. It commonly represents the [[close back unrounded vowel]] {{IPA|/ɯ/}}, except in Kazakh where it represents the [[Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|near-close front unrounded vowel]] {{IPA|/ɪ/}}. All of the languages it is used in also use its [[İ|dotted counterpart İ]] while not using the basic [[I|Latin letter I]].


In scholarly writing on [[Turkic languages]], '''[[ï]]''' is sometimes used for {{IPA|[[Close back unrounded vowel|/ɯ/]]}} and {{IPA|[[Open front rounded vowel|/ɶ/]]}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Erdal |first=Marcel |title=A Grammar of Old Turkic |date=2004 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9004102949 |location=Boston |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref>
In scholarly writing on [[Turkic languages]], '''[[ï]]''' is sometimes used for {{IPA|[[Close back unrounded vowel|/ɯ/]]}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Erdal |first=Marcel |title=A Grammar of Old Turkic |date=2004 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9004102949 |location=Boston |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref>

==Implications for ligature use==
[[File:Ligature fi.svg|right]]{{Original research section|date=September 2021}}
In some [[font]]s, if the [[lowercase]] letters ''fi'' are placed adjacently, the dot-like upper end of the ''f'' would fall inconveniently close to the [[Tittle|dot]] of the ''i'', and therefore a [[ligature (typography)|ligature]] [[glyph]] is provided,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bear |first=Jacci Howard |date=2019-10-16 |title=Basics of Ligature in Typography and Publishing |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/ligature-in-typography-1078102 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230526170904/https://www.thoughtco.com/ligature-in-typography-1078102 |archive-date=2023-05-26 |access-date=2023-06-27 |website=ThoughtCo |language=en}}</ref> usually with the top of the ''f'' extended to serve as the dot of the ''i''. A similar ligature for ''ffi'' is also possible. Since the forms without ligatures are sometimes considered unattractive and the ligatures make the ''i'' dotless, such fonts are not appropriate for use in a Turkish setting. However, the ''fi'' ligatures of some fonts do not merge the letters and instead space them next to each other, with the dot on the ''i'' remaining. Such fonts are appropriate for Turkish, but the writer must be careful to be consistent in the use of ligatures.


==In computing==
==In computing==
{{Main|Dotted and dotless I in computing}}
{{Main|Dotted and dotless I in computing}}

{{charmap
{{charmap
|0049|name1=LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I
|0049|name1=LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I
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The dotless ''ı'' may also be used as a stylistic variant of the dotted ''i'', without there being any meaningful difference between them.
The dotless ''ı'' may also be used as a stylistic variant of the dotted ''i'', without there being any meaningful difference between them.


This is common in older [[Irish language|Irish]] orthography, for example, but is simply the omission of the [[Tittle#Dotless and dotted ''i''|tittle]] rather than a separate letter. The í is a separate letter as is ì in Scottish Gaelic. Though historically Irish only used an "i" without a dot, so as to not confuse with "í", this dotless "ı" should not be used for Irish. Instead a font with "i" in the normal location should be used that has no dot. See other old style Irish letters and the symbol for & still used in modern Irish text and [[Irish orthography]]
This is common in older [[Irish language|Irish]] orthography, for example, but is simply the omission of the [[Tittle#Dotless and dotted ''i''|tittle]] rather than a separate letter. The í is a separate letter as is ì in Scottish Gaelic. Though historically Irish only used an "i" without a dot, so as to not confuse with "í", this dotless "ı" should not be used for Irish. Instead a font with "i" in the normal location should be used that has no dot. See other old-style Irish letters and the symbol for & still used in modern Irish text and [[Irish orthography]].


In some of the [[Athabaskan languages]] of the [[Northwest Territories]] in Canada, specifically [[Slavey language|Slavey]], [[Dogrib language|Dogrib]] and [[Chipewyan language|Chipewyan]], all instances of ''i'' are undotted to avoid confusion with tone-marked vowels ''í'' or ''ì''.
In some of the [[Athabaskan languages]] of the [[Northwest Territories]] in Canada, specifically [[Slavey language|Slavey]], [[Dogrib language|Dogrib]] and [[Chipewyan language|Chipewyan]], all instances of ''i'' are undotted to avoid confusion with tone-marked vowels ''í'' or ''ì''.
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==See also==
==See also==
* [[Dotless j]]
* [[İ]], the letter's dotted counterpart
* [[Yery]] (ы), a letter used to represent {{IPAblink|ɯ}} in Turkic languages with Cyrillic script, and the similar {{IPAblink|ɨ}} in Russian
* [[Tittle]]: the dot above "i" and "j" in most of the Latin scripts
* [[Yery]] (ы) — a letter used to represent {{IPAblink|ɯ}} in Turkic languages with Cyrillic script, and the similar {{IPAblink|ɨ}} in Russian
* [[I with bowl]], a letter that represented {{IPAblink|ɯ}} in the Latin-based [[Yañalif]] alphabet used for the Turkic languages of the former Soviet Union prior to those languages' adoption of Cyrillic
* [[I with bowl]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 20:13, 18 November 2024

Not to be confused with Latin iota or Small capital i.
Dotless I
I ı
Usage
Writing systemLatin script
Typealphabetic
Language of originTurkish language
Sound values[ɯ]
[ɪ]
In UnicodeU+0049, U+0131
History
Development
I i
  • I ı
Time period1928 to present
Sistersİ i
Other
Writing directionLeft-to-Right
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

I, or ı, called dotless i, is a letter used in the Latin-script alphabets of Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, Gagauz, Kazakh, Tatar and Turkish. It commonly represents the close back unrounded vowel /ɯ/, except in Kazakh where it represents the near-close front unrounded vowel /ɪ/. All of the languages it is used in also use its dotted counterpart İ while not using the basic Latin letter I.

In scholarly writing on Turkic languages, ï is sometimes used for /ɯ/.[1]

In computing

[edit]
Main article: Dotted and dotless I in computing


Character information
Preview I ı
Unicode name LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I LATIN SMALL LETTER
DOTLESS I
Encodings decimal hex dec hex
Unicode 73 U+0049 305 U+0131
UTF-8 73 49 196 177 C4 B1
Numeric character reference &#73; &#x49; &#305; &#x131;
Named character reference &imath;, &inodot;
ISO 8859-9 73 49 253 FD
ISO 8859-3 73 49 185 B9

Usage in other languages

[edit]
A bilingual Chipewyan (Dënësųłınë́) sign at La Loche Airport in Saskatchewan, Canada, with dotless i.

The dotless ı may also be used as a stylistic variant of the dotted i, without there being any meaningful difference between them.

This is common in older Irish orthography, for example, but is simply the omission of the tittle rather than a separate letter. The í is a separate letter as is ì in Scottish Gaelic. Though historically Irish only used an "i" without a dot, so as to not confuse with "í", this dotless "ı" should not be used for Irish. Instead a font with "i" in the normal location should be used that has no dot. See other old-style Irish letters and the symbol for & still used in modern Irish text and Irish orthography.

In some of the Athabaskan languages of the Northwest Territories in Canada, specifically Slavey, Dogrib and Chipewyan, all instances of i are undotted to avoid confusion with tone-marked vowels í or ì.

Lowercase dotless ı is used as the lowercase form of the letter Í in the official Karakalpak alphabet approved in 2016.

Both the dotted and dotless I can be used in transcriptions of Rusyn to allow distinguishing between the letters Ы and И, which would otherwise be both transcribed as "y", despite representing different phonemes. Under such transcription the dotted İ would represent the Cyrillic І, and the dotless I would represent either Ы or И, with the other being represented by "Y".

See also

[edit]
  • Dotless j
  • Yery (ы), a letter used to represent [ɯ] in Turkic languages with Cyrillic script, and the similar [ɨ] in Russian
  • I with bowl, a letter that represented [ɯ] in the Latin-based Yañalif alphabet used for the Turkic languages of the former Soviet Union prior to those languages' adoption of Cyrillic

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Erdal, Marcel (2004). A Grammar of Old Turkic. Boston: Brill. p. 52. ISBN 9004102949.
[edit]
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