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{{Short description|Duchess consort of Saxe-Meiningen from 1763 to 1782}}
{{no footnotes|date=November 2018}}
{{no footnotes|date=November 2018}}
{{infobox nobility
{{infobox royalty
| name = Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal
| image = Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal.JPG
| image = Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal.JPG
| caption = Princess Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal, by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen
| caption = Princess Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal, by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen
| succession = [[List of Saxon consorts|Duchess consort of Saxe-Meiningen]]
⚫
| noble family = [[House of Hesse]]
| reign = 26 September 1750 – 27 January 1763
| consort = yes
⚫
| house = [[House of Hesse|Hesse]]
| father = [[Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal]]
| father = [[Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal]]
| mother = Christina of Saxe-Eisenach
| mother = Christina of Saxe-Eisenach
| spouse = [[Anton Ulrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Anton Ulrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]]|1750|1763|end=d.}}
| issue = [[Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen|Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]<br/> [[Princess Louise of Saxe-Meiningen|Louise, Landgravine of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld]]<br/> Princess Elisabeth <br/> [[Karl Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Karl Wilhelm]]<br/> Prince Friedrich Franz <br/> Prince Friedrich Wilhelm <br/> [[Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|George I]]<br/> Princess Amalie
| issue = {{ubl|[[Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen|Charlotte, Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]|[[Princess Louise of Saxe-Meiningen|Louise, Landgravine of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld]]|Princess Elisabeth|[[Karl Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]]|Prince Friedrich Franz|Prince Friedrich Wilhelm|[[Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen]]|Princess Amalie}}
| birth_date = {{birth_date|1730|8|11|df=yes}}
| birth_date = {{birth_date|1730|8|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Philippsthal (Werra)|Philippsthal]]
| birth_place = [[Philippsthal (Werra)|Philippsthal]]
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| death_place = [[Meiningen]]
| death_place = [[Meiningen]]
}}
}}
'''Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal''' (11 August 1730, [[Philippsthal (Werra)|Philippsthal]] &ndash; 7 September 1801, [[Meiningen]]), was Duchess and regent from 1763 to 1782 of [[Saxe-Meiningen]].
'''Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal''' (11 August 1730, [[Philippsthal (Werra)|Philippsthal]] &ndash; 7 September 1801, [[Meiningen]]), was Duchess and regent of [[Saxe-Meiningen]] from 1763 to 1782.


== Life ==
== Life ==
Charlotte Amalie was a daughter of Landgrave [[Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal|Charles I]] of [[Hesse-Philippsthal]] and his wife, Princess Christine of [[Saxe-Eisenach]]. In 1750, when she was 20 years old, she married with the 63-year-old Duke [[Anton Ulrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Anton Ulrich]] of Saxe-Meiningen to whom she gave eight children.
Charlotte Amalie was a daughter of Landgrave [[Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal|Charles I]] of [[Hesse-Philippsthal]] and his wife, Princess Christine of [[Saxe-Eisenach]]. In 1750, when she was 20 years old, she married the 63-year-old Duke [[Anton Ulrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen|Anton Ulrich]] of Saxe-Meiningen to whom she gave eight children.


The Duke stipulated in his last will and testament that Charlotte Amalie would act as the sole guardian of their sons and regent of Saxe-Meiningen. Anton Ulrich had retired to [[Frankfurt]], away from the family squabbles, and lived there with his family. After her husband's death she first traveled to Philippsthal to await an imperial decision confirming her as guardian and regent. Relatives from Gotha travelled to Meiningen, in anticipation of the inheritance. After the imperial decision confirmed her as regent and first guardian, she could move to Meiningen.
The Duke stipulated in his last will and testament that Charlotte Amalie would act as the sole guardian of their sons and regent of Saxe-Meiningen. Anton Ulrich had retired to [[Frankfurt]], away from the family squabbles, and lived there with his family. After her husband's death Charlotte Amalie first travelled to Philippsthal to await an imperial decision confirming her as guardian and regent. Relatives from Gotha travelled to Meiningen in anticipation of the inheritance. After the imperial decision confirmed her as regent and first guardian, she moved to Meiningen.


When she took over the regency in 1763, the country was financially and economically ruined. With strict austerity measures and reforms, [[economic reconstruction]] and promotion of spiritual life, she is considered the "savior of the Duchy". The appointment of new ministers, like [[Adolph Gottlieb von Eyben]], allowed the central government to effectively function again within one year. With a sophisticated system of savings and financial analysis at the court she attracted the attention of Emperor [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]], who appointed her as Director of the Commission to save the even more hopelessly indebted Duchy of [[Saxe-Hildburghausen]].
When she took over the regency in 1763, the state was financially and economically ruined. With strict austerity measures and reforms, [[economic reconstruction]] and promotion of spiritual life, she is considered the "saviour of the Duchy". The appointment of new ministers, such as Adolph Gottlieb von Eyben, allowed the government to effectively function again within one year. With her adoption of a sophisticated system of savings and financial analysis at her court Charlotte Amalie attracted the attention of Emperor [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]], who appointed her as Director of the Commission to save the even more hopelessly indebted Duchy of [[Saxe-Hildburghausen]].


Since her sons were entitled to rule jointly, she ruled jointly with her eldest son Charles from 1775 to 1782, when George I was still a minor.
Since her sons were entitled to rule jointly, she ruled jointly with her eldest son Charles from 1775 to 1782, when George I was still a minor.


Her reign was the breakthrough of enlightened absolutism in Saxe-Meiningen, and she raised her sons to continue that policy. She founded the Masonic lodge {{lang|de|[[Charlotte zu den drei Nelken]]}} ("Charlotte and the three carnations"). In accordance with her last wishes, she was not buried in the royal crypt, but in the town cemetery.
Her reign represented the breakthrough of enlightened absolutism in Saxe-Meiningen, and she raised her sons to continue that policy. She founded the masonic lodge {{lang|de|[[Charlotte zu den drei Nelken]]}} ("Charlotte and the three carnations"). In accordance with her last wishes, she was not buried in the royal crypt, but in the town cemetery.


== Issue ==
== Issue ==
Charlotte Amalie from her marriage had the following children:
Charlotte Amalie gave birth to:
* [[Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen|Charlotte]] (1751–1827)
* [[Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen|Charlotte]] (1751–1827)
: married Duke [[Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Ernest II of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]] (1745-1804)
: married Duke [[Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg|Ernest II of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]] (1745-1804)
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[[Category:18th-century German people]]
[[Category:18th-century German people]]
[[Category:Daughters of monarchs]]
[[Category:Daughters of monarchs]]
[[Category:Mothers of monarchs]]
[[Category:Mothers of Saxon monarchs]]

Latest revision as of 00:49, 29 December 2024

Princess Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal
Princess Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal, by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen
Duchess consort of Saxe-Meiningen
Tenure26 September 1750 – 27 January 1763
Born(1730-08-11)11 August 1730
Philippsthal
Died7 September 1801(1801-09-07) (aged 71)
Meiningen
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1750; died 1763)​
Issue
HouseHesse
FatherCharles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal
MotherChristina of Saxe-Eisenach

Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Philippsthal (11 August 1730, Philippsthal – 7 September 1801, Meiningen), was Duchess and regent of Saxe-Meiningen from 1763 to 1782.

Life

[edit]

Charlotte Amalie was a daughter of Landgrave Charles I of Hesse-Philippsthal and his wife, Princess Christine of Saxe-Eisenach. In 1750, when she was 20 years old, she married the 63-year-old Duke Anton Ulrich of Saxe-Meiningen to whom she gave eight children.

The Duke stipulated in his last will and testament that Charlotte Amalie would act as the sole guardian of their sons and regent of Saxe-Meiningen. Anton Ulrich had retired to Frankfurt, away from the family squabbles, and lived there with his family. After her husband's death Charlotte Amalie first travelled to Philippsthal to await an imperial decision confirming her as guardian and regent. Relatives from Gotha travelled to Meiningen in anticipation of the inheritance. After the imperial decision confirmed her as regent and first guardian, she moved to Meiningen.

When she took over the regency in 1763, the state was financially and economically ruined. With strict austerity measures and reforms, economic reconstruction and promotion of spiritual life, she is considered the "saviour of the Duchy". The appointment of new ministers, such as Adolph Gottlieb von Eyben, allowed the government to effectively function again within one year. With her adoption of a sophisticated system of savings and financial analysis at her court Charlotte Amalie attracted the attention of Emperor Joseph II, who appointed her as Director of the Commission to save the even more hopelessly indebted Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen.

Since her sons were entitled to rule jointly, she ruled jointly with her eldest son Charles from 1775 to 1782, when George I was still a minor.

Her reign represented the breakthrough of enlightened absolutism in Saxe-Meiningen, and she raised her sons to continue that policy. She founded the masonic lodge Charlotte zu den drei Nelken ("Charlotte and the three carnations"). In accordance with her last wishes, she was not buried in the royal crypt, but in the town cemetery.

Issue

[edit]

Charlotte Amalie gave birth to:

married Duke Ernest II of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1745-1804)
married in 1781 Landgrave Adolph of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (1743-1803)
  • Elizabeth (1753–1754)
  • Charles (1754–1782), Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
married in 1780 Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern (1764-1834)
  • Frederick Francis (1756–1761)
  • Frederick William (1757–1758)
  • George I (1761–1803), Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
married in 1782 Princess Louise Eleanore of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1763-1837)
  • Amalie (1762–1798)
married in 1783 Prince Charles Henry Erdmann of Carolath-Beuthen (1759-1817)

References

[edit]
  • L. Hertel: Meiningische Geschichte von 1680 bis zur Gegenwart = Schriften des Vereins für Sachsen-Meiningische Geschichte und Landeskunde, issue 47, Hildburghausen, 1904.
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