Jump to content

Swedish Antarctic Expedition: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
Saihtam (talk | contribs)
m +fr:
m Reverting possible vandalism by Shshiwishfueei to version by DB1729. Report False Positive? Thanks, ClueBot NG. (4308101) (Bot)
 
(57 intermediate revisions by 46 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Antarctic expedition}}
The expedition (1901-1904) was led by Otto Nordenskjöld and [[Carl A. Larsen]] (the captain of the ship ''Antarctic'').
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
[[Image: Snow.Hill.Is.Jan99.jpeg||right|frame|Snow Hill Island, January 1999]]
{{No citations|date=October 2020}}
Two key Antarctic islands are associated with the expedition. The first is [[Snow Hill Island]] (64º 27' S, 57º 12' W), where [[Otto Nordenskjöld]] and five of his colleagues spent two winters (one of them planned and the second forced by the sinking of the relief ship ''Antarctic''). On his way to Snow Hill Island in 1901, Nordenskjöld had passed through Buenos Aires, where the Argentine government gave him supplies and other assistance on the condition that he include in his wintering-over party a young Argentine naval officer, Lieutenant [[José Sobral]]. Sobral spent the two years with Nordenskjöld at Snow Hill Island, becoming the first [[Argentine]] to spend time in Antarctica. The presence of this officer was also a factor which probably influenced the Argentine government to mount a rescue effort in 1903 with the corvette [[Uruguay]], which successfully brought back all the surviving members of the Nordenskjöld party.
[[File:Fotografi, photography-Olga Rinman - Göteborgs stadsmuseum - GhmB 18072.tif|thumb|upright=1.45|Crew aboard the {{ship||Antarctic|ship|2}} in October 1901: [[Carl Skottsberg]], [[Otto Nordenskjöld]], Karl Andersson, [[Carl Anton Larsen]], Erik Ekelöf, [[Axel Ohlin]], and Gösta Bodman]]
[[Image: Paulet.Is.Dec.04.jpeg|left|thumb|Paulet Island, December 2004]]
The '''Swedish Antarctic Expedition''' of 1901–1903 was a scientific expedition led by [[Otto Nordenskjöld]] and [[Carl Anton Larsen]]. It was the first Swedish endeavour to Antarctica in the [[Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration]].
The second is [[Paulet Island]] (63°35' S , 55°47' W). This is where the crew of the ''Antarctic'' were stranded from February 1903 until November 1903. After their ship sank, crushed by the ice about 25 miles away, the twenty men from the ''Antarctic'' landed here in their lifeboat and built a sturdy double-walled stone hut whose remains are clearly visible today. Apart from the limited supplies they brought from the ''Antarctic'', they survived on the thousand or so penguins they killed, as well as the birds' eggs.


==References==
== Background ==
[[Otto Nordenskjöld]], a Swedish geologist and geographer, organized and led a scientific expedition of the [[Antarctic Peninsula]]. The expedition's overall command was placed under the Norwegian [[Carl Anton Larsen]], an experienced Antarctic explorer who served as captain of {{ship||Antarctic|ship|2}}, and who had previously commanded a whaling reconnaissance mission in 1892–1893.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Otto Nordeskjöld |url=https://www.south-pole.com/p0000091.htm |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=South-Pole}}</ref> Seven other scientists, including archaeologist [[Johan Gunnar Andersson]], botanist [[Carl Skottsberg]], and zoologist [[Axel Ohlin]], along with 16&nbsp;officers and men joined them on the voyage. On 16&nbsp;October 1901, the ''Antarctic'' left the [[Port of Gothenburg]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Otto Nordenskjold - Antarctic (ship) Swedish Antarctic Exploration 1901 - 1904 |url=https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/antarctic_whos_who_nordenskjold_antarctic.php |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Cool Antarctica}}</ref>


== Events ==
''Antarctica''. Sydney: Reader's Digest, 1985, pp. 152-159.
Despite its end and the great hardships endured, the expedition would be considered a scientific success, with the parties having explored much of the eastern coast of [[Graham Land]], including [[Cape Longing]], [[James Ross Island]], the [[Joinville Island]] group, and the [[Palmer Archipelago]]. The expedition, which also recovered valuable geological samples and samples of marine animals, earned Nordenskjöld lasting fame at home, but its huge cost left him greatly in debt.


Two key Antarctic islands are associated with the expedition: [[Snow Hill Island]], where Nordenskjöld and five of his colleagues spent two winters—one of them planned and the second forced by the sinking of the ''Antarctic''—and [[Paulet Island]], where the crew of the ''Antarctic'' were stranded from February until November&nbsp;1903. The expedition was rescued by the Argentinian naval vessel ''Uruguay''.
Child, Jack. ''Antarctica and South American Geopolitics: Frozen Lebensraum''. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988, pp. 69, 72.


=== Snow Hill Island ===
Lonely Planet, ''Antarctica: a Lonely Planet Travel Survival Kit'', Oakland, CA: Lonely Planet Publications, 1996, p. 302.
On the way to [[Snow Hill Island]] in 1901, Nordenskjöld had passed through [[Buenos Aires]], where the [[Argentine government]] gave him supplies and other assistance on the condition that he include in his wintering-over party a young Argentine naval officer, Lieutenant [[José María Sobral]]. The American artist [[Frank Wilbert Stokes]] also joined the expedition and spent two years with Nordenskjöld at Snow Hill Island. In 1903, the Argentine government organized a rescue effort with the corvette {{ship|ARA|Uruguay}}, which successfully brought back all the surviving members of the Nordenskjöld party.


=== Paulet Island ===
Stewart, Andrew, ''Antarctica: An Encyclopedia''. London: McFarland and Co., 1990 (2 volumes).
[[File:Nordenskjöld Expedition Shelter (52041078512).jpg|thumb|The remains of the stone hut on Paulet Island]]
After their ship sank, crushed by the ice about {{convert|25|mi|-1}} away, the 20 men from the ''Antarctic'' landed on [[Paulet Island]] in their lifeboat and built a sturdy double-walled stone hut whose remains are clearly visible today. Apart from the limited supplies they brought from the ''Antarctic'', they survived on the thousand or so penguins they killed, as well as the birds' eggs.


== See also ==
U.S. National Science Foundation, ''Geographic Names of the Antarctic'', Fred G. Alberts, ed. Washington: NSF, 1980.
* [[List of Antarctic expeditions]]


== References ==
* [http://www.south-pole.com/p0000091.htm south-pole.com's article on Nordenskiöld's antarctic expedition]
* [http://gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/scotia/gooant/gooant020303.htm Map of the area explored by the expedition]


==See also==
=== Footnotes ===
{{Reflist}}
*[[List of Antarctica expeditions]]


=== Bibliography ===
* ''Antarctica''. Sydney: Reader's Digest, 1985, pp.&nbsp;152–159.
* Child, Jack. ''Antarctica and South American Geopolitics: Frozen Lebensraum''. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988, pp.&nbsp;69, 72.
* Stewart, Andrew, ''Antarctica: An Encyclopedia''. London: McFarland and Co., 1990 (2 volumes).
* Nordenskiöld, Otto, ''Antarctica: or, Two years amongst the ice of the South Pole'' (Macmillan. 1905)
* U.S. National Science Foundation, ''Geographic Names of the Antarctic'', Fred G. Alberts, ed. Washington: NSF, 1980.

== External links ==
* [https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/antarctic_whos_who_nordenskjold_antarctic.php Antarctic Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901–1903]
* [http://www.south-pole.com/p0000091.htm Nordenskjöld's Antarctic Expedition]
* [http://gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/scotia/gooant/gooant020303.htm Map of the area explored by the expedition]
* [http://www.newzeal.com/theme/nations/Sweden/swedenantex.htm 2002 revisit the sites of the 1902 Expedition]


{{Polar exploration}}
[[Category:Exploration of Antarctica]]
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Scientific expeditions]]


[[Category:1901 in Antarctica]]
[[fr:Expédition Antarctic]]
[[Category:1902 in Antarctica]]
[[Category:1903 in Antarctica]]
[[Category:Antarctic expeditions]]
[[Category:Expeditions from Sweden]]
[[Category:Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration]]
[[Category:Sweden and the Antarctic]]

Latest revision as of 22:52, 14 March 2024

Crew aboard the Antarctic in October 1901: Carl Skottsberg, Otto Nordenskjöld, Karl Andersson, Carl Anton Larsen, Erik Ekelöf, Axel Ohlin, and Gösta Bodman

The Swedish Antarctic Expedition of 1901–1903 was a scientific expedition led by Otto Nordenskjöld and Carl Anton Larsen. It was the first Swedish endeavour to Antarctica in the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.

Background

[edit]

Otto Nordenskjöld, a Swedish geologist and geographer, organized and led a scientific expedition of the Antarctic Peninsula. The expedition's overall command was placed under the Norwegian Carl Anton Larsen, an experienced Antarctic explorer who served as captain of Antarctic, and who had previously commanded a whaling reconnaissance mission in 1892–1893.[1] Seven other scientists, including archaeologist Johan Gunnar Andersson, botanist Carl Skottsberg, and zoologist Axel Ohlin, along with 16 officers and men joined them on the voyage. On 16 October 1901, the Antarctic left the Port of Gothenburg. [2]

Events

[edit]

Despite its end and the great hardships endured, the expedition would be considered a scientific success, with the parties having explored much of the eastern coast of Graham Land, including Cape Longing, James Ross Island, the Joinville Island group, and the Palmer Archipelago. The expedition, which also recovered valuable geological samples and samples of marine animals, earned Nordenskjöld lasting fame at home, but its huge cost left him greatly in debt.

Two key Antarctic islands are associated with the expedition: Snow Hill Island, where Nordenskjöld and five of his colleagues spent two winters—one of them planned and the second forced by the sinking of the Antarctic—and Paulet Island, where the crew of the Antarctic were stranded from February until November 1903. The expedition was rescued by the Argentinian naval vessel Uruguay.

Snow Hill Island

[edit]

On the way to Snow Hill Island in 1901, Nordenskjöld had passed through Buenos Aires, where the Argentine government gave him supplies and other assistance on the condition that he include in his wintering-over party a young Argentine naval officer, Lieutenant José María Sobral. The American artist Frank Wilbert Stokes also joined the expedition and spent two years with Nordenskjöld at Snow Hill Island. In 1903, the Argentine government organized a rescue effort with the corvette ARA Uruguay, which successfully brought back all the surviving members of the Nordenskjöld party.

Paulet Island

[edit]
The remains of the stone hut on Paulet Island

After their ship sank, crushed by the ice about 25 miles (40 km) away, the 20 men from the Antarctic landed on Paulet Island in their lifeboat and built a sturdy double-walled stone hut whose remains are clearly visible today. Apart from the limited supplies they brought from the Antarctic, they survived on the thousand or so penguins they killed, as well as the birds' eggs.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Otto Nordeskjöld". South-Pole. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  2. ^ "Otto Nordenskjold - Antarctic (ship) Swedish Antarctic Exploration 1901 - 1904". Cool Antarctica. Retrieved 9 June 2023.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Antarctica. Sydney: Reader's Digest, 1985, pp. 152–159.
  • Child, Jack. Antarctica and South American Geopolitics: Frozen Lebensraum. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1988, pp. 69, 72.
  • Stewart, Andrew, Antarctica: An Encyclopedia. London: McFarland and Co., 1990 (2 volumes).
  • Nordenskiöld, Otto, Antarctica: or, Two years amongst the ice of the South Pole (Macmillan. 1905)
  • U.S. National Science Foundation, Geographic Names of the Antarctic, Fred G. Alberts, ed. Washington: NSF, 1980.
[edit]