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{{Short description|American newspaper publisher}}
{{Lead extra info|date=March 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Moses Annenberg
| name = Moses Annenberg
| image = Moses_Louis_Annenberg.jpg
| image = Moses_Louis_Annenberg.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_name = Moses Louis Annenberg
| birth_name = Moses Louis Annenberg
| birth_date = February 11, 1877
| birth_date = February 11, 1877
| birth_place = Kalwischen, [[East Prussia]], [[German Empire]]
| birth_place = Kalwischen, [[Province of Prussia]], [[German Empire]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1942|7|20|1877|2|11}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1942|7|20|1877|2|11}}
| death_place =
| death_place = [[Mayo Clinic]] ([[Rochester, Minnesota]], U.S.)
| death_cause =
| death_cause =
| occupation = Newspaper publisher
| occupation = Newspaper publisher
| spouse = Sadie Cecilia (Friedman)
| spouse = Sadie Cecilia (Friedman)
| children = 8, including [[Janet Annenberg Hooker|Janet]], [[Enid A. Haupt|Enid]], and [[Walter Annenberg|Walter]]
| children = 8, including [[Janet Annenberg Hooker|Janet]], [[Enid A. Haupt|Enid]], and [[Walter Annenberg|Walter]]
| relatives = [[Wallis Annenberg]] <small>(granddaughter)</small>
| relatives = [[Wallis Annenberg]] <small>(granddaughter)</small><br> [[Lauren Bon]] <small>(great-granddaughter)</small>
}}
}}


'''Moses Louis Annenberg''' (February 11, 1877 – July 20, 1942) was an American [[newspaper]] [[publisher]] who owned the ''[[Daily Racing Form]]''<ref name="NYTimes Archive">{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Richard Norton |title=From Paperboy to Philanthropist|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/25/books/from-paperboy-to-philanthropist.html |website=newyorktimes.com |publisher=New York Times |access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref> and the ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]''.<ref name="Pressa">{{cite web |last=Wilkinson |first=Gerry |url=http://www.phillyppa.com/inquirer.html |title=The History of the Philadelphia Inquirer |publisher=Philadelphia Press Association |access-date=2006-05-27}}</ref> He also owned [[General News Bureau]], a [[News agency|wire service]] that reported the results of [[horse racing|horse races]].<ref name="NYTimes Archive" /><ref name="Slate">{{cite web |last1=Shafer |first1=Jack |title=Citien Annenberg |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2002/10/citizen-annenberg.html |website=slate.com |publisher=Slate |access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>
'''Moses Louis Annenberg''' (February 11, 1877 – July 20, 1942) was an American [[newspaper]] [[publisher]] who owned the ''[[Daily Racing Form]]''<ref name="NYTimes Archive">{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Richard Norton |title=From Paperboy to Philanthropist|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/25/books/from-paperboy-to-philanthropist.html |website=newyorktimes.com |publisher=New York Times |access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref> and the ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]''.<ref name="Pressa">{{cite web |last=Wilkinson |first=Gerry |url=http://www.phillyppa.com/inquirer.html |title=The History of the Philadelphia Inquirer |publisher=Philadelphia Press Association |access-date=2006-05-27}}</ref> He also owned General News Bureau, a [[News agency|wire service]] that reported the results of [[horse racing|horse races]].<ref name="NYTimes Archive" /><ref name="Slate">{{cite web |last1=Shafer |first1=Jack |title=Citien Annenberg |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2002/10/citizen-annenberg.html |website=slate.com |publisher=Slate |access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>


An immigrant who rose from a [[paperboy|newspaper boy]] to newspaper owner, he was the father of ''[[TV Guide]]'' creator [[Walter Annenberg]].
An immigrant who rose from a [[paperboy|newspaper boy]] to newspaper owner, he was the father of ''[[TV Guide]]'' creator [[Walter Annenberg]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Moses Louis Annenberg was born in Kalwischen, [[East Prussia]] ([[German Empire]]) in 1877 to a [[Lithuanian Jewish]] family. He left Germany and immigrated to Chicago in 1900.<ref>{{cite web |title=Philanthropist Walter Annenberg Dies at 94 &#124; PND &#124; Foundation Center |url=http://foundationcenter.org/pnd/news/story.jhtml?id%3D4900022 |url-status=dead |access-date=February 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006223026/http://foundationcenter.org/pnd/news/story.jhtml?id=4900022 |archive-date=October 6, 2013}}</ref>
Moses Louis Annenberg was born in Kalwischen, [[Province of Prussia]] ([[German Empire]]) in 1877 to a [[Lithuanian Jewish]] family. He left [[Germany]] and immigrated to [[Chicago]] in 1900.<ref>{{cite web |title=Philanthropist Walter Annenberg Dies at 94 &#124; PND &#124; Foundation Center |url=http://foundationcenter.org/pnd/news/story.jhtml?id%3D4900022 |url-status=dead |access-date=February 14, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006223026/http://foundationcenter.org/pnd/news/story.jhtml?id=4900022 |archive-date=October 6, 2013}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
After starting out as a newspaper boy hawking papers on the street, Annenberg rose through the ranks, first as a newspaper salesman at the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', later for the [[Hearst Corporation]], which owned the ''[[Chicago American]], the [[Chicago Examiner]]'' and the ''Chicago Herald'', rising to circulation manager. Annenberg bought the ''[[Daily Racing Form]]'' in 1922 and the ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' in 1936. He also owned ''[[The Morning Telegraph|The New York The Morning Telegraph]]'', a broadsheet that was focused on entertainment and horse racing.
After starting out as a [[paperboy|newspaper boy]] hawking papers on the street, Annenberg rose through the ranks, first as a newspaper salesman at the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'', later for the [[Hearst Corporation]], which owned the ''[[Chicago American]], the [[Chicago Examiner]]'' and the ''Chicago Herald'', rising to circulation manager. Annenberg bought the ''[[Daily Racing Form]]'' in 1922 and ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' in 1936. He also owned ''[[The Morning Telegraph|The New York Morning Telegraph]]'', a broadsheet that was focused on entertainment and horse racing.


In the fall of 1934, Annenberg purchased the defunct ''Miami Beach Tribune'', moved operations to Miami and relaunched it as a tabloid called the ''Miami Tribune''. In an asset swap involving cash, Annenberg sold it to [[John S. Knight]], owner of the ''[[Miami Herald]]'', for $600,000 and the ''[[The Independent (Massillon)|Massillon Independent]]'', a profitable newspaper located in Massillon, Ohio. The last edition was published on December 1, 1937, and then the ''Miami Tribune'' was absorbed by the ''Herald''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Miami Tribune Building in 1924|url=https://miami-history.com/photos/miami-tribune-building-in-1924/ |website=miami-history.com |publisher=The Magic City - Miami History |access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>
In the fall of 1934, Annenberg purchased the defunct ''Miami Beach Tribune'', moved operations to [[Miami]], and relaunched it as a tabloid called the ''Miami Tribune''. In an asset swap involving cash, Annenberg sold it to [[John S. Knight]], owner of the ''[[Miami Herald]]'', for $600,000 and the ''[[The Independent (Massillon)|Massillon Independent]]'', a profitable newspaper based in [[Massillon, Ohio]]. The last edition was published on December 1, 1937, and then the ''Miami Tribune'' was absorbed by the ''Herald''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Miami Tribune Building in 1924|url=https://miami-history.com/photos/miami-tribune-building-in-1924/ |website=miami-history.com |publisher=The Magic City - Miami History |access-date=3 October 2023}}</ref>


The assets of his publishing company, the Cecelia Corporation (named after his wife) became the foundation of [[Triangle Publications]], which was created in 1947 by his son Walter to hold he and his sisters' inherited assets.
The assets of his publishing company, the Cecelia Corporation (named after his wife) became the foundation of [[Triangle Publications]], which was created in 1947 by his son Walter to hold his and his sisters' inherited assets.


==Tax Evasion Case==
==Tax evasion case==
During the [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] administration, he was indicted for [[tax evasion]] on August 11, 1939, for income tax evasion for the years 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935, and 1936, totaling $3,258,809.97 in income taxes evaded.<ref>{{cite book |last=Irey |first=Elmer L. |editor-last=Slocum |editor-first=William J. |title=The Tax Dodgers |location=New York |publisher=Greenberg |year=1948 |asin=B002DIUAAW}}</ref>{{page needed|date=May 2016}} On April 4, 1940, Annenberg pleaded guilty to the 1936 income tax evasion count in the indictment that charged him with evading $1.2 million<!--- 1,217,296 ---> in taxes (${{Inflation|US|1.217296|1936|r=1|fmt=c}} million today).<ref name="Folsom">{{cite book |last=Folsom |first=Robert G |title=The Money Trail: how Elmer Irey and his T-Men brought down America's criminal elite |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Potomac Books |year=2010 |isbn=978-1597974882}}</ref>{{page needed|date=May 2016}}
During the [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] administration, he was indicted for [[tax evasion]] on August 11, 1939, for income tax evasion for the years 1932–1936, totaling $3,258,809.97 in income taxes evaded.<ref>{{cite book |last=Irey |first=Elmer L. |editor-last=Slocum |editor-first=William J. |title=The Tax Dodgers |location=New York |publisher=Greenberg |year=1948 |asin=B002DIUAAW}}</ref>{{page needed|date=May 2016}} On April 4, 1940, Annenberg pleaded guilty to the 1936 income tax evasion count in the indictment that charged him with evading $1.2 million<!--- 1,217,296 ---> in taxes (${{Inflation|US|1.217296|1936|r=1|fmt=c}} million today).<ref name="Folsom">{{cite book |last=Folsom |first=Robert G |title=The Money Trail: how Elmer Irey and his T-Men brought down America's criminal elite |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Potomac Books |year=2010 |isbn=978-1597974882}}</ref>{{page needed|date=May 2016}}


Judge [[James Herbert Wilkerson]], the same judge who previously sentenced [[Al Capone]], sentenced Annenberg to three years in prison and a fine of $8.0 million (${{Inflation|US|8|1940|r=1|fmt=c}} million today) "the largest single tax fraud penalty in history" at the time.<ref name="Folsom"/>
Judge [[James Herbert Wilkerson]], the same judge who previously sentenced [[Al Capone]], sentenced Annenberg to three years in prison and a fine of $8.0 million (${{Inflation|US|8|1940|r=1|fmt=c}} million today) "the largest single tax fraud penalty in history" at the time.<ref name="Folsom"/>


==Personal life, death, and legacy==
==Personal life==
Annenberg married Sadie Cecillia Freedman (1879–1965). They had one son, the publisher and [[philanthropist]] [[Walter Annenberg]], and seven daughters;<ref>{{cite web |publisher=David Annenberg and Carole Freeman Family History and Genealogy Website |title=Descendants of Israel Annenberg |url=http://www.davidandcarole.info/AnnenbergMosesWalter.html}}</ref> Diana Annenberg (1900–1905), Esther Annenberg Simon Levee (1901–1992), [[Janet Annenberg Hooker|Janet Annenberg Kahn Neff Hooker]] (1904–1997),<ref>{{cite news |author=Enid Nemy |title=Janet A. Hooker, Philanthropist, Dies at 93 |date=December 16, 1997 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/16/nyregion/janet-a-hooker-philanthropist-dies-at-93.html}}</ref> [[Enid A. Haupt|Enid Annenberg Haupt]] (1906–2005),<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news |last=Reed |first=Christopher |title=Enid A Haupt: Philanthropist keen on gardens and youth |newspaper=The Guardian |date=November 1, 2005 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/nov/02/guardianobituaries.mainsection}}</ref> Lita Annenberg Hazen (1909–1985),<ref>{{cite news |last=Nemy |first=Enid |title=Lita Hazen, Patron of Sciences, Dies at 85 |date=October 3, 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/03/obituaries/lita-hazen-patron-of-sciences-dies-at-85.html}}</ref> Evelyn Annenberg Jaffe Hall (1911–2005),<ref>{{cite news |author=Wolfgang Saxon |title=Evelyn A. Hall, 93, Arts Patron, Dies |date=May 1, 2005 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/01/nyregion/evelyn-a-hall-93-arts-patron-dies.html}}</ref> and Harriet Beatrice Annenberg Ames Aronson (1914–1976).
Annenberg married Sadie Cecillia Freedman (1879–1965). They had one son, the publisher and [[philanthropist]] [[Walter Annenberg]], and seven daughters;<ref>{{cite web |publisher=David Annenberg and Carole Freeman Family History and Genealogy Website |title=Descendants of Israel Annenberg |url=http://www.davidandcarole.info/AnnenbergMosesWalter.html}}</ref> Diana Annenberg (1900–1905), Esther Annenberg Simon Levee (1901–1992), [[Janet Annenberg Hooker|Janet Annenberg Kahn Neff Hooker]] (1904–1997),<ref>{{cite news |author=Enid Nemy |title=Janet A. Hooker, Philanthropist, Dies at 93 |date=December 16, 1997 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/16/nyregion/janet-a-hooker-philanthropist-dies-at-93.html}}</ref> [[Enid A. Haupt|Enid Annenberg Haupt]] (1906–2005),<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news |last=Reed |first=Christopher |title=Enid A Haupt: Philanthropist keen on gardens and youth |newspaper=The Guardian |date=November 1, 2005 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2005/nov/02/guardianobituaries.mainsection}}</ref> Lita Annenberg Hazen (1909–1985),<ref>{{cite news |last=Nemy |first=Enid |title=Lita Hazen, Patron of Sciences, Dies at 85 |date=October 3, 1995 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/03/obituaries/lita-hazen-patron-of-sciences-dies-at-85.html}}</ref> Evelyn Annenberg Jaffe Hall (1911–2005),<ref>{{cite news |author=Wolfgang Saxon |title=Evelyn A. Hall, 93, Arts Patron, Dies |date=May 1, 2005 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/01/nyregion/evelyn-a-hall-93-arts-patron-dies.html}}</ref> and Harriet Beatrice Annenberg Ames Aronson (1914–1976).


==Death==
Annenberg was released from [[Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary]] prison on June 3, 1942,<ref>[Moses Annenberg Released from Prison, ''The Journal Times'', Racine, Wisconsin, June 3, 1942 https://www.newspapers.com/image/334154530/?terms=moses%2Bannenberg]</ref> and died in the Mayo Clinic on July 20, 1942, after having surgery for a brain tumor.<ref>[Moses Annenberg, Immigrant Boy Who Made Fortune, Dies, The Daily Courier, Connellsville Pennsylvania, July 21, 1942 https://www.newspapers.com/image/38657274/?terms=moses%2Bannenberg]</ref> His [[Ranch A]] in eastern [[Wyoming]] is now listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].
Annenberg was released from [[Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary]] prison on June 3, 1942,<ref>[Moses Annenberg Released from Prison, ''The Journal Times'', Racine, Wisconsin, June 3, 1942 https://www.newspapers.com/image/334154530/?terms=moses%2Bannenberg]</ref> and died at the [[Mayo Clinic]] on July 20, 1942, after having surgery for a [[brain tumor]].<ref>[Moses Annenberg, Immigrant Boy Who Made Fortune, Dies, The Daily Courier, Connellsville Pennsylvania, July 21, 1942 https://www.newspapers.com/image/38657274/?terms=moses%2Bannenberg]</ref> His [[Ranch A]] in eastern [[Wyoming]] is now listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 19:03, 7 May 2024

Moses Annenberg
Born
Moses Louis Annenberg

February 11, 1877
DiedJuly 20, 1942(1942-07-20) (aged 65)
OccupationNewspaper publisher
SpouseSadie Cecilia (Friedman)
Children8, including Janet, Enid, and Walter
RelativesWallis Annenberg (granddaughter)
Lauren Bon (great-granddaughter)

Moses Louis Annenberg (February 11, 1877 – July 20, 1942) was an American newspaper publisher who owned the Daily Racing Form[1] and the Philadelphia Inquirer.[2] He also owned General News Bureau, a wire service that reported the results of horse races.[1][3]

An immigrant who rose from a newspaper boy to newspaper owner, he was the father of TV Guide creator Walter Annenberg.

Early life

[edit]

Moses Louis Annenberg was born in Kalwischen, Province of Prussia (German Empire) in 1877 to a Lithuanian Jewish family. He left Germany and immigrated to Chicago in 1900.[4]

Career

[edit]

After starting out as a newspaper boy hawking papers on the street, Annenberg rose through the ranks, first as a newspaper salesman at the Chicago Tribune, later for the Hearst Corporation, which owned the Chicago American, the Chicago Examiner and the Chicago Herald, rising to circulation manager. Annenberg bought the Daily Racing Form in 1922 and The Philadelphia Inquirer in 1936. He also owned The New York Morning Telegraph, a broadsheet that was focused on entertainment and horse racing.

In the fall of 1934, Annenberg purchased the defunct Miami Beach Tribune, moved operations to Miami, and relaunched it as a tabloid called the Miami Tribune. In an asset swap involving cash, Annenberg sold it to John S. Knight, owner of the Miami Herald, for $600,000 and the Massillon Independent, a profitable newspaper based in Massillon, Ohio. The last edition was published on December 1, 1937, and then the Miami Tribune was absorbed by the Herald.[5]

The assets of his publishing company, the Cecelia Corporation (named after his wife) became the foundation of Triangle Publications, which was created in 1947 by his son Walter to hold his and his sisters' inherited assets.

Tax evasion case

[edit]

During the Roosevelt administration, he was indicted for tax evasion on August 11, 1939, for income tax evasion for the years 1932–1936, totaling $3,258,809.97 in income taxes evaded.[6][page needed] On April 4, 1940, Annenberg pleaded guilty to the 1936 income tax evasion count in the indictment that charged him with evading $1.2 million in taxes ($26.7 million today).[7][page needed]

Judge James Herbert Wilkerson, the same judge who previously sentenced Al Capone, sentenced Annenberg to three years in prison and a fine of $8.0 million ($174 million today) "the largest single tax fraud penalty in history" at the time.[7]

Personal life

[edit]

Annenberg married Sadie Cecillia Freedman (1879–1965). They had one son, the publisher and philanthropist Walter Annenberg, and seven daughters;[8] Diana Annenberg (1900–1905), Esther Annenberg Simon Levee (1901–1992), Janet Annenberg Kahn Neff Hooker (1904–1997),[9] Enid Annenberg Haupt (1906–2005),[10] Lita Annenberg Hazen (1909–1985),[11] Evelyn Annenberg Jaffe Hall (1911–2005),[12] and Harriet Beatrice Annenberg Ames Aronson (1914–1976).

Death

[edit]

Annenberg was released from Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary prison on June 3, 1942,[13] and died at the Mayo Clinic on July 20, 1942, after having surgery for a brain tumor.[14] His Ranch A in eastern Wyoming is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Smith, Richard Norton. "From Paperboy to Philanthropist". newyorktimes.com. New York Times. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
  2. ^ Wilkinson, Gerry. "The History of the Philadelphia Inquirer". Philadelphia Press Association. Retrieved May 27, 2006.
  3. ^ Shafer, Jack. "Citien Annenberg". slate.com. Slate. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
  4. ^ "Philanthropist Walter Annenberg Dies at 94 | PND | Foundation Center". Archived from the original on October 6, 2013. Retrieved February 14, 2013.
  5. ^ "Miami Tribune Building in 1924". miami-history.com. The Magic City - Miami History. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
  6. ^ Irey, Elmer L. (1948). Slocum, William J. (ed.). The Tax Dodgers. New York: Greenberg. ASIN B002DIUAAW.
  7. ^ a b Folsom, Robert G (2010). The Money Trail: how Elmer Irey and his T-Men brought down America's criminal elite. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books. ISBN 978-1597974882.
  8. ^ "Descendants of Israel Annenberg". David Annenberg and Carole Freeman Family History and Genealogy Website.
  9. ^ Enid Nemy (December 16, 1997). "Janet A. Hooker, Philanthropist, Dies at 93". The New York Times.
  10. ^ Reed, Christopher (November 1, 2005). "Enid A Haupt: Philanthropist keen on gardens and youth". The Guardian.
  11. ^ Nemy, Enid (October 3, 1995). "Lita Hazen, Patron of Sciences, Dies at 85". The New York Times.
  12. ^ Wolfgang Saxon (May 1, 2005). "Evelyn A. Hall, 93, Arts Patron, Dies". The New York Times.
  13. ^ [Moses Annenberg Released from Prison, The Journal Times, Racine, Wisconsin, June 3, 1942 https://www.newspapers.com/image/334154530/?terms=moses%2Bannenberg]
  14. ^ [Moses Annenberg, Immigrant Boy Who Made Fortune, Dies, The Daily Courier, Connellsville Pennsylvania, July 21, 1942 https://www.newspapers.com/image/38657274/?terms=moses%2Bannenberg]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]