Molasses: Difference between revisions

Molasses
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy	1,213 kJ (290 kcal)
Carbohydrates	74.7 g
Sugars sucrose glucose fructose	74.7 g 5.1–52.2 g 0–20.5 g 7.9–18.5 g
Dietary fiber	0 g
Fat	0.1 g
Protein	0 g
Vitamins
Vitamins and minerals
Vitamins	Quantity %DV†
Thiamine (B1)	3% 0.041 mg
Riboflavin (B2)	0% 0.002 mg
Niacin (B3)	6% 0.93 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5)	16% 0.804 mg
Vitamin B6	39% 0.67 mg
Choline	2% 13.3 mg
Minerals	Quantity %DV†
Calcium	16% 205 mg
Iron	26% 4.72 mg
Magnesium	58% 242 mg
Manganese	67% 1.53 mg
Phosphorus	2% 31 mg
Potassium	49% 1464 mg
Sodium	2% 37 mg
Zinc	3% 0.29 mg
Other constituents	Quantity
Water	21.9 g
	Link to USDA Database entry
	†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.

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Molasses (/məˈlæsɪz, moʊ-/)^[1] is a viscous byproduct, principally obtained from the refining of sugarcane or sugar beet juice into sugar. Molasses varies in the amount of sugar, the method of extraction and age of the plant. Sugarcane molasses is usually used to sweeten and flavour foods. Molasses is a major constituent of fine commercial brown sugar.^[2]

Molasses is rich in vitamins and minerals, including vitamin B6, iron, calcium, magnesium, and potassium. There are different types of molasses, including first molasses (highest sugar content), second molasses (slightly bitter), and blackstrap molasses (the darkest and most robust in flavor). Molasses was historically popular in the Americas before the 20th century as a sweetener. It is still commonly used in traditional cuisine, such as in Madeira Island's traditional dishes.

In addition to culinary uses, molasses has industrial applications, such as in the distillation of rum,^[3] additive in mortar, and as a soil amendment to promote microbial activity. The unique flavor and nutritional profile of molasses make it a versatile ingredient with both food and non-food applications.

Etymology

The word molasses comes from melaço in Portuguese,^[4] a derivative (intensifier) of mel (honey)^[5]^[6] with Latinate roots.^[4] Cognates include Ancient Greek μέλι (méli) (honey), Latin mel, Spanish melaza (molasses), Romanian miere or melasă, and French mélasse (molasses). Blackstrap is derived from the Dutch word for syrup, stroop. ^[7]

Sugar cane molasses

Sugar cane molasses is an ingredient used in baking and cooking.^[8] It was popular in the Americas before the 20th century, when it was plentiful and commonly used as a sweetener in foods^[9] and an ingredient in brewing beer in the colonies. George Washington had a notebook that contains a molasses beer recipe.^[10]

To produce molasses, sugar cane is harvested and stripped of leaves. Its juice is then extracted, usually by cutting, crushing or mashing. The juice is boiled to produce a concentrate and encourage sugar crystallization. The result of this first boiling is called first syrup ('A' Molasses) and has the highest sugar content. First syrup is usually referred to in the Southern United States as cane syrup rather than molasses. Second molasses ('B' Molasses) is produced by a second boiling and sugar extraction and has a slightly bitter taste.^{[citation needed]}

Boiling the sugar syrup a third time yields dark, viscous blackstrap molasses ('C' Molasses), known for its robust flavour. During this process, the majority of sucrose from the original juice is crystallized and removed. The bitterness of blackstrap molasses is much greater than in the regular form of molasses.^[11] It is sometimes used in baking or to produce ethanol, as an ingredient in cattle feed, or as a fertilizer.^{[citation needed]} Exaggerated health benefits claimed for blackstrap molasses were the theme of the 1951 novelty song Black Strap Molasses, recorded by Groucho Marx, Jimmy Durante, Jane Wyman and Danny Kaye.^[12]

Unlike highly refined sugars, molasses contains significant amounts of vitamin B₆ and minerals, including calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese; one tablespoon provides up to 20% of the recommended daily value of each of those nutrients. Blackstrap is also a good source of potassium.^[13]

Madeira Island

On Madeira Island cane molasses is an important constituent of the traditional cuisine, where it is known as mel-de-cana (Portuguese for "(sugar)cane's honey").^[14] Its origin in Madeira dates back to the golden age of sugar production in the archipelago.^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18]

Sugar beet molasses

Beet molasses is 50% sugar by dry weight, predominantly sucrose, but contains significant amounts of glucose and fructose. Beet molasses is limited in biotin (vitamin H or B₇) for cell growth and hence may be supplemented with a biotin source. The non-sugar content includes many salts, including calcium, potassium, oxalate and chloride. It contains betaine and the trisaccharide raffinose. These result from the concentration of the original plant material or other chemicals in processing and are unpalatable to humans. It is therefore mainly used as an animal feed additive (known as molassed sugar beet feed) or a fermentation feedstock.^[19]

Other types

Sweet sorghum syrup is colloquially called sorghum molasses in the southern United States.^[20]^[21]

Pomegranate molasses is a traditional ingredient in Middle Eastern cooking. It is made by simmering a mixture of pomegranate juice, sugar and lemon juice and reducing the mixture for about an hour until the consistency of syrup is achieved.^[22]

Unsulfured molasses

Many types of molasses on the market are branded unsulfured. In the past, many foods, including molasses, were treated with a sulfur dioxide preservative, helping to kill off moulds and bacteria. Sulfur dioxide is also used as a bleaching agent to help lighten the colour of molasses. Most brands have abandoned the use of sulfur dioxide in molasses because untreated molasses already has a relatively stable natural shelf life. Poor flavour and the trace toxicity of low doses of sulfur dioxide are also factors that have led to its removal.^[23]

Nutrition

Molasses is composed of 22% water, 75% carbohydrates and very small amounts (0.1%) of fat. It contains no protein. In a reference amount of 100 grams, molasses is a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of vitamin B6 and several dietary minerals, including manganese, magnesium, iron, potassium and calcium.

The sugars in molasses are on average sucrose (39% of total carbohydrates), glucose (16%) and fructose (17%) (data from USDA nutrition table).

Other uses

Food products and additives

The uses of molasses in food production may include:

Principal ingredient in the distillation of rum
Production of dark rye bread
Production of gingerbread (particularly in the Americas)
Production of barbecue sauces
Some brown sugar is made by combining molasses with white sugar
In some beer styles of stouts and porters
Stabilization of emulsifiers in home-made vinaigrette^[26]
Additive in mu'assel (also known as shisha), the tobacco smoked in a hookah^[27]^[28]

Industrial

As a minor component of mortar for brickwork^[29]
Mixed with gelatin glue and glycerine in casting composition ink rollers on early printing presses^[30]

Horticultural

As a soil additive to promote microbial activity, resulting in increased production of succinic acid, malic acid, butyric acid and mannitol. Production of these common plant defensive chemicals by microbes is believed to aid in suppressing plant disease.^[31]^[32]

References

^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
^ The Codex Alimentarius Commission. (2009; 2010). Codex Alimentarius – 212.1 Scope and Description. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
^ "Rum | liquor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Molasses". Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper, Inc. 2020. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
^ “melaço Archived 2021-09-15 at the Wayback Machine” Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa
^ “O uso de s, ss, c ou ç Archived 2021-09-15 at the Wayback Machine” Ciberdúvidas
^ "Blackstrap".
^ "Cooking with Molasses – Brer Rabbit Molasses Recipes – Easy Baking Recipes". Brer Rabbit. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014.
^ Hudson, Jeff (28 January 1998). "Molasses' Bittersweet History". SF Gate. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
^ Grasse, Steven (6 September 2016). "A brief history of colonial-era beer (including an awesome Stock Ale recipe)". Craft Brewing Business. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
^ Ginsberg, Megan, ed. (2016). All-Time Best Holiday Baking 2016. Brookline: Cook's Illustrated. pp. 52–53.
^ Fleck, H. C. (1968). Toward Better Teaching of Home Economics. Macmillan. p. 195. ISBN 9780023382901. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017.
^ Tukua, Deborah (27 January 2020). "These Health Benefits of Blackstrap Molasses May Surprise You". Farmers' Armanac. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.
^ "Mel de Cana". www.visitmadeira.pt. Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
^ Alfred W. Crosby (2015). Ecological Imperialism, The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900 (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-107-56987-4. Archived from the original on 6 January 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ "The 'White Gold' Era". www.visitmadeira.pt. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
^ davide. "Madeira Ruled the Sugar Trade". Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
^ Ponting, Clive (2000). World history: a new perspective. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 482. ISBN 0-7011-6834-X.
^ Lardy, Greg; Schafer, Rebecca. "Feeding Sugar Beet Byproducts to Cattle". North Dakota State University. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
^ Rapuano, Rina (12 September 2012). "Sorghum Travels From The South To The Mainstream". npr.org. Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
^ Bitzer, Morris (2002). "Sweet Sorghum for Syrup" (PDF). N.p.: University of Kentucky. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.
^ Ismayilova, Laman (4 July 2019). "Narsharab, country's delicious pomegranate sauce". AzerNews. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
^ T, Eric (8 October 2012). "Why Does my Molasses say Unsulphured? Was Sulphur Removed From it?". Culinary Lore. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
^ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
^ National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
^ "Make-Ahead Vinaigrette". Cook's Illustrated. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
^ Chaouachi, K (2009). "Hookah (Shisha, Narghile) Smoking and Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). A Critical Review of the Relevant Literature and the Public Health Consequences". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6 (2): 798–843. doi:10.3390/ijerph6020798. PMC 2672364. PMID 19440416. Mixing tobacco with molasses is a very ancient habit. A WHO report dates back "the addition of molasses to burley tobacco in the nineteenth century to create 'American' blended tobacco". [E]arly health-oriented anthropological research on hookah smoking showed that it [...] can be traced back [to] the 17th century.
^ White, Katie (17 July 2017). "The Hidden Chemicals in Hookah Tobacco Smoke". San Diego State University. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021. Hookah users inhale smoke, which is generated by heating hookah tobacco that is fermented with molasses and fruits and combined with burning charcoal.
^ Heath, Arthur Henry (1893). A Manual on Lime and Cement, Their Treatment and Use in Construction. Mackaye Press. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
^ "Some observations on home-made composition rollers". 3 February 2015. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
^ Rosskopf, Erin; Di Gioia, Francesco; Hong, Jason C.; Pisani, Cristina; Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy (25 August 2020). "Organic Amendments for Pathogen and Nematode Control". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 58 (1). Annual Reviews: 277–311. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035608. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 32853099. S2CID 221360634.
^ "Bioactive materials for sustainable soil management" (PDF). bfa.com.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2011.

External links

Media related to Molasses at Wikimedia Commons

[1] Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.

[2] The Codex Alimentarius Commission. (2009; 2010). Codex Alimentarius – 212.1 Scope and Description. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

[3] "Rum | liquor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 29 December 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2021.

[Douglas_Harper-4] "Molasses". Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper, Inc. 2020. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 4 November 2020.

[5] “melaço Archived 2021-09-15 at the Wayback Machine” Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa

[6] “O uso de s, ss, c ou ç Archived 2021-09-15 at the Wayback Machine” Ciberdúvidas

[7] "Blackstrap".

[8] "Cooking with Molasses – Brer Rabbit Molasses Recipes – Easy Baking Recipes". Brer Rabbit. Archived from the original on 24 April 2014.

[9] Hudson, Jeff (28 January 1998). "Molasses' Bittersweet History". SF Gate. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2021.

[GRASSE-10] Grasse, Steven (6 September 2016). "A brief history of colonial-era beer (including an awesome Stock Ale recipe)". Craft Brewing Business. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.

[11] Ginsberg, Megan, ed. (2016). All-Time Best Holiday Baking 2016. Brookline: Cook's Illustrated. pp. 52–53.

[12] Fleck, H. C. (1968). Toward Better Teaching of Home Economics. Macmillan. p. 195. ISBN 9780023382901. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017.

[13] Tukua, Deborah (27 January 2020). "These Health Benefits of Blackstrap Molasses May Surprise You". Farmers' Armanac. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 7 November 2021.

[14] "Mel de Cana". www.visitmadeira.pt. Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.

[Crosby2015-15] Alfred W. Crosby (2015). Ecological Imperialism, The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900 (2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-107-56987-4. Archived from the original on 6 January 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2017.

[16] "The 'White Gold' Era". www.visitmadeira.pt. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 2 October 2021.

[17] vide. "Madeira Ruled the Sugar Trade". Archived from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[Ponting_2000_482-18] Ponting, Clive (2000). World history: a new perspective. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 482. ISBN 0-7011-6834-X.

[19] Lardy, Greg; Schafer, Rebecca. "Feeding Sugar Beet Byproducts to Cattle". North Dakota State University. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.

[20] Rapuano, Rina (12 September 2012). "Sorghum Travels From The South To The Mainstream". npr.org. Archived from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.

[21] Bitzer, Morris (2002). "Sweet Sorghum for Syrup" (PDF). N.p.: University of Kentucky. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 May 2014. Retrieved 22 May 2014.

[22] Ismayilova, Laman (4 July 2019). "Narsharab, country's delicious pomegranate sauce". AzerNews. Archived from the original on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2022.

[23] T, Eric (8 October 2012). "Why Does my Molasses say Unsulphured? Was Sulphur Removed From it?". Culinary Lore. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2021.

[FDADailyValues-24] United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.

[NationalAcademiesPotassium-25] National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.

[26] "Make-Ahead Vinaigrette". Cook's Illustrated. Archived from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2017.

[27] Chaouachi, K (2009). "Hookah (Shisha, Narghile) Smoking and Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). A Critical Review of the Relevant Literature and the Public Health Consequences". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 6 (2): 798–843. doi:10.3390/ijerph6020798. PMC 2672364. PMID 19440416. Mixing tobacco with molasses is a very ancient habit. A WHO report dates back "the addition of molasses to burley tobacco in the nineteenth century to create 'American' blended tobacco". [E]arly health-oriented anthropological research on hookah smoking showed that it [...] can be traced back [to] the 17th century.

[28] White, Katie (17 July 2017). "The Hidden Chemicals in Hookah Tobacco Smoke". San Diego State University. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021. Hookah users inhale smoke, which is generated by heating hookah tobacco that is fermented with molasses and fruits and combined with burning charcoal.

[29] Heath, Arthur Henry (1893). A Manual on Lime and Cement, Their Treatment and Use in Construction. Mackaye Press. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2015.

[30] "Some observations on home-made composition rollers". 3 February 2015. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2023.

[Rosskopf-et-al-2020-31] Rosskopf, Erin; Di Gioia, Francesco; Hong, Jason C.; Pisani, Cristina; Kokalis-Burelle, Nancy (25 August 2020). "Organic Amendments for Pathogen and Nematode Control". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 58 (1). Annual Reviews: 277–311. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035608. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 32853099. S2CID 221360634.

[32] "Bioactive materials for sustainable soil management" (PDF). bfa.com.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2011.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{pp|small=yes}}
 {{short description|Viscous by-product of the refining of sugarcane, grapes, or sugar beets into sugar}}
 {{distinguish|molasse|molossus (disambiguation){{!}}molossus}}
@@ Line 4: / Line 5: @@
 [[File:Blackstrapmolasses.JPG|thumb|Blackstrap molasses]]
-'''Molasses''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|æ|s|ɪ|z|,_|m|oʊ|-}})<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref> is a [[viscosity|viscous]] substance resulting from [[sugar refining|refining]] [[sugarcane]], or [[sugar beet]] juice into [[sugar]]. Molasses varies in the amount of sugar, method of extraction and age of the plant. [[Sugarcane]] molasses is usually used to sweeten and flavour foods. Molasses is a major constituent of fine commercial [[brown sugar]].<ref>The Codex Alimentarius Commission. (2009; 2010). Codex Alimentarius – 212.1 Scope and Description. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</ref> It is also one of the main ingredients used to distill [[rum]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rum {{!}} liquor|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/rum-liquor|access-date=2021-02-23|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|archive-date=2017-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229233049/https://www.britannica.com/topic/rum-liquor|url-status=live}}</ref>
+'''Molasses''' ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|l|æ|s|ɪ|z|,_|m|oʊ|-}})<ref>{{cite LPD|3}}</ref> is a [[viscosity|viscous]] byproduct, principally obtained from the [[sugar refining|refining]] of [[sugarcane]] or [[sugar beet]] juice into [[sugar]]. Molasses varies in the amount of sugar, the method of extraction and age of the plant. [[Sugarcane]] molasses is usually used to sweeten and flavour foods. Molasses is a major constituent of fine commercial [[brown sugar]].<ref>The Codex Alimentarius Commission. (2009; 2010). Codex Alimentarius – 212.1 Scope and Description. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</ref>
+Molasses is rich in vitamins and minerals, including [[vitamin B6]], [[iron]], [[calcium]], [[magnesium]], and [[potassium]]. There are different types of molasses, including first molasses (highest sugar content), second molasses (slightly bitter), and blackstrap molasses (the darkest and most robust in flavor). Molasses was historically popular in the Americas before the 20th century as a sweetener. It is still commonly used in traditional cuisine, such as in [[Madeira Island]]'s traditional dishes.
-[[Sweet sorghum]] syrup is colloquially called ''sorghum molasses'' in the [[southern United States]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/09/12/160946531/sorghum-travels-from-the-south-to-the-mainstream |title=Sorghum Travels From The South To The Mainstream |last=Rapuano |first=Rina |website=npr.org |date=September 12, 2012 |access-date=May 22, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523030015/http://www.npr.org/2012/09/12/160946531/sorghum-travels-from-the-south-to-the-mainstream |archive-date=May 23, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uky.edu/Ag/CCD/introsheets/swsorghumintro.pdf |title=Sweet Sorghum for Syrup |last=Bitzer |first=Morris |publisher=N.p.: University of Kentucky |year=2002 |access-date=22 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523030153/http://www.uky.edu/Ag/CCD/introsheets/swsorghumintro.pdf |archive-date=23 May 2014}}</ref>
+In addition to culinary uses, molasses has industrial applications, such as in the distillation of [[rum]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rum {{!}} liquor|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/rum-liquor|access-date=2021-02-23|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|archive-date=2017-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229233049/https://www.britannica.com/topic/rum-liquor|url-status=live}}</ref> additive in [[Mortar (masonry)|mortar]], and as a soil amendment to promote [[microbial]] activity. The unique flavor and nutritional profile of molasses make it a versatile ingredient with both food and non-food applications.
 ==Etymology==
-The word molasses comes from ''melaço'' in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]],<ref name="Douglas Harper" /> a derivative (intensifier) of ''mel'' (honey)<ref>“[https://dicionario.priberam.org/mela%C3%A7o melaço] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915003612/https://dicionario.priberam.org/mela%C3%A7o |date=2021-09-15 }}” ''Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa''</ref><ref>“[https://ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt/consultorio/perguntas/o-uso-de-s-ss-c-ou-c/7348 O uso de s, ss, c ou ç] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915003614/https://ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt/consultorio/perguntas/o-uso-de-s-ss-c-ou-c/7348 |date=2021-09-15 }}” ''Ciberdúvidas''</ref> with Latinate roots.<ref name="Douglas Harper">{{cite web|title=Molasses|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Molasses|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper, Inc.|date=2020|access-date=4 November 2020|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310193740/https://www.etymonline.com/word/molasses|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cognate|Cognates]] include [[Ancient Greek]] μέλι (''méli'') ([[honey]]), [[Latin]] ''mel'', [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ''melaza'' (molasses), [[Romanian language|Romanian]] ''miere'' or ''melasă'', and [[French language|French]] ''mélasse'' (molasses).
+The word molasses comes from {{Lang|pt|melaço}} in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]],<ref name="Douglas Harper" /> a derivative (intensifier) of ''mel'' (honey)<ref>“[https://dicionario.priberam.org/mela%C3%A7o melaço] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915003612/https://dicionario.priberam.org/mela%C3%A7o |date=2021-09-15 }}” ''Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa''</ref><ref>“[https://ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt/consultorio/perguntas/o-uso-de-s-ss-c-ou-c/7348 O uso de s, ss, c ou ç] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915003614/https://ciberduvidas.iscte-iul.pt/consultorio/perguntas/o-uso-de-s-ss-c-ou-c/7348 |date=2021-09-15 }}” ''Ciberdúvidas''</ref> with Latinate roots.<ref name="Douglas Harper">{{cite web|title=Molasses|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/Molasses|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper, Inc.|date=2020|access-date=4 November 2020|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310193740/https://www.etymonline.com/word/molasses|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cognate|Cognates]] include [[Ancient Greek]] {{Lang|grc|μέλι}} ({{Transliteration|grc|méli}}) ([[honey]]), [[Latin]] {{Lang|la|mel}}, [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ''{{Lang|es|melaza}}'' (molasses), [[Romanian language|Romanian]] ''{{Lang|ro|miere}}'' or ''{{Lang|ro|melasă}}'', and [[French language|French]] ''{{Lang|fr|mélasse}}'' (molasses). ''Blackstrap'' is  derived from the Dutch word for syrup, ''stroop''.
+<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blackstrap%20molasses#:~:text=Word%20History&text=Note%3A%20The%20relevant%20sense%20of,variant%20of%20siroop%20%22syrup.%22 |title=Blackstrap}}</ref>
-==Cane molasses==
+==Sugar cane molasses==
 [[File:Bottle of Molasses.jpg|thumb|150px|A bottle of molasses]]
-Cane molasses is an ingredient used in baking and cooking.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brerrabbit.com/cooking-with-molasses/ |title=Cooking with Molasses – Brer Rabbit Molasses Recipes – Easy Baking Recipes |work=Brer Rabbit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424130921/http://www.brerrabbit.com/cooking-with-molasses/ |archive-date=2014-04-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It was popular in the Americas before the 20th century, when it was plentiful and commonly used as a sweetener in foods<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Molasses-Bittersweet-History-3014292.php |title=Molasses' Bittersweet History|last=Hudson |first=Jeff |date=28 January 1998 |access-date=10 March 2021 |work=SF Gate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001639/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Molasses-Bittersweet-History-3014292.php |archive-date=2017-09-21}}</ref> and an ingredient in brewing beer in the colonies. [[George Washington]] had a notebook that contains a molasses beer recipe.<ref name="GRASSE">{{cite web |last1=Grasse |first1=Steven |title=A brief history of colonial-era beer (including an awesome Stock Ale recipe) |url=https://www.craftbrewingbusiness.com/featured/colonial-spirits-brief-history-colonial-era-beer-including-sweet-stock-ale-recipe/ |website=Craft Brewing Business |access-date=17 March 2020 |date=6 September 2016 |archive-date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317190447/https://www.craftbrewingbusiness.com/featured/colonial-spirits-brief-history-colonial-era-beer-including-sweet-stock-ale-recipe/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+Sugar cane molasses is an ingredient used in baking and cooking.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brerrabbit.com/cooking-with-molasses/ |title=Cooking with Molasses – Brer Rabbit Molasses Recipes – Easy Baking Recipes |work=Brer Rabbit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424130921/http://www.brerrabbit.com/cooking-with-molasses/ |archive-date=2014-04-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It was popular in the Americas before the 20th century, when it was plentiful and commonly used as a sweetener in foods<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Molasses-Bittersweet-History-3014292.php |title=Molasses' Bittersweet History|last=Hudson |first=Jeff |date=28 January 1998 |access-date=10 March 2021 |work=SF Gate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921001639/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Molasses-Bittersweet-History-3014292.php |archive-date=2017-09-21}}</ref> and an ingredient in brewing beer in the colonies. [[George Washington]] had a notebook that contains a molasses beer recipe.<ref name="GRASSE">{{cite web |last1=Grasse |first1=Steven |title=A brief history of colonial-era beer (including an awesome Stock Ale recipe) |url=https://www.craftbrewingbusiness.com/featured/colonial-spirits-brief-history-colonial-era-beer-including-sweet-stock-ale-recipe/ |website=Craft Brewing Business |access-date=17 March 2020 |date=6 September 2016 |archive-date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317190447/https://www.craftbrewingbusiness.com/featured/colonial-spirits-brief-history-colonial-era-beer-including-sweet-stock-ale-recipe/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 To produce molasses, sugar cane is harvested and stripped of leaves. Its juice is then extracted, usually by cutting, crushing or mashing. The juice is boiled to produce a concentrate and encourage sugar [[crystallization]]. The result of this first boiling is called ''first syrup ('A' Molasses'') and has the highest sugar content. First syrup is usually referred to in the [[Southern United States]] as ''cane syrup'' rather than molasses. ''Second molasses ('B' Molasses'') is produced by a second boiling and sugar extraction and has a slightly bitter taste.{{citation needed|date = December 2022}}
+Boiling the sugar syrup a third time yields dark, [[viscosity|viscous]] ''blackstrap molasses'' (''<nowiki/>'C' Molasses''), known for its robust flavour. During this process, the majority of [[sucrose]] from the original juice is crystallized and removed. The bitterness of blackstrap molasses is much greater than in the regular form of molasses.<ref>{{Cite book |title=All-Time Best Holiday Baking 2016 |publisher=Cook's Illustrated |year=2016 |isbn= |editor-last=Ginsberg |editor-first=Megan |location=Brookline |pages=52–53 |language=en-US}}</ref> It is sometimes used in baking or to produce [[ethanol]], as an ingredient in [[cattle feed]], or as a [[fertilizer]].{{citation needed|date = December 2022}} Exaggerated health benefits claimed for blackstrap molasses were the theme of the 1951 [[novelty song]] [[Black Strap Molasses (song)|''Black Strap Molasses'']], recorded by [[Groucho Marx]], [[Jimmy Durante]], [[Jane Wyman]] and [[Danny Kaye]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Fleck |first=H. C. |title=Toward Better Teaching of Home Economics | publisher=Macmillan |year=1968 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Bg8AAAAIAAJ |page=195 |isbn=9780023382901 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206150124/https://books.google.com/books?id=6Bg8AAAAIAAJ |archive-date=2017-12-06}}</ref>
-Boiling the sugar syrup a third time yields dark, [[viscosity|viscous]] ''blackstrap molasses'' (''<nowiki/>'C' Molasses''), known for its robust flavour. During this process, the majority of [[sucrose]] from the original juice is crystallized and removed.
-Unlike highly refined sugars, molasses contains significant amounts of [[vitamin B6|vitamin B<sub>6</sub>]] and [[mineral]]s, including [[calcium]], [[magnesium]], [[iron]] and [[manganese]]; one tablespoon provides up to 20% of the recommended daily value of each of those nutrients. Blackstrap is also a good source of [[potassium]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tukua |first1=Deborah |title=These Health Benefits of Blackstrap Molasses May Surprise You |url=https://www.farmersalmanac.com/12-health-benefits-of-blackstrap-molasses-you-need-to-know-106405 |website=Farmers' Armanac |access-date=2021-11-07 |archive-date=2021-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107051046/https://www.farmersalmanac.com/12-health-benefits-of-blackstrap-molasses-you-need-to-know-106405 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+Unlike highly refined sugars, molasses contains significant amounts of [[vitamin B6|vitamin B<sub>6</sub>]] and [[mineral]]s, including [[calcium]], [[magnesium]], [[iron]] and [[manganese]]; one tablespoon provides up to 20% of the recommended daily value of each of those nutrients. Blackstrap is also a good source of [[potassium]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tukua |first1=Deborah |date=27 January 2020 |title=These Health Benefits of Blackstrap Molasses May Surprise You |url=https://www.farmersalmanac.com/12-health-benefits-of-blackstrap-molasses-you-need-to-know-106405 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107051046/https://www.farmersalmanac.com/12-health-benefits-of-blackstrap-molasses-you-need-to-know-106405 |archive-date=2021-11-07 |access-date=2021-11-07 |website=Farmers' Armanac}}</ref>
+===Madeira Island===
-The bitterness of blackstrap molasses is much greater than in the regular form of molasses.{{citation needed|date = December 2022}} It is sometimes used in baking or to produce [[ethanol]], as an ingredient in [[cattle feed]], or as a [[fertilizer]].{{citation needed|date = December 2022}}
+On [[Madeira|Madeira Island]] cane molasses is an important constituent of the traditional cuisine, where it is known as ''mel-de-cana'' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] for "(sugar)cane's honey").<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mel de Cana|url=https://www.visitmadeira.pt/pt-pt/a-madeira/produtos-regionais/mel-de-cana|access-date=2022-02-16|website=www.visitmadeira.pt|archive-date=2022-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216211254/https://www.visitmadeira.pt/pt-pt/a-madeira/produtos-regionais/mel-de-cana|url-status=live}}</ref> Its origin in Madeira dates back to the golden age of sugar production in the archipelago.<ref name="Crosby2015">{{cite book|author=Alfred W. Crosby|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5KKNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA77|title=Ecological Imperialism, The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-107-56987-4|edition=2|page=77|access-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106002634/https://books.google.com/books?id=5KKNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA77|archive-date=6 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The 'White Gold' Era|url=http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/history/era-of-white-gold|access-date=2021-10-02|website=www.visitmadeira.pt|archive-date=2021-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003001357/http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/history/era-of-white-gold|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=davide|title=Madeira Ruled the Sugar Trade|url=https://www.portuguesemuseum.org/?page_id=1808&category=3&exhibit=&event=184|access-date=2021-11-11|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111232354/https://portuguesemuseum.org/?page_id=1808&category=3&exhibit=&event=184|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ponting 2000 482">{{cite book|last=Ponting|first=Clive|title=World history: a new perspective|publisher=Chatto & Windus|year=2000|isbn=0-7011-6834-X|location=London|page=482|author-link=Clive Ponting}}</ref>
-Exaggerated health benefits claimed for blackstrap molasses were the theme of the 1951 [[novelty song]] [[Black Strap Molasses (song)|''Black Strap Molasses'']], recorded by [[Groucho Marx]], [[Jimmy Durante]], [[Jane Wyman]] and [[Danny Kaye]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Fleck |first=H. C. |title=Toward Better Teaching of Home Economics | publisher=Macmillan |year=1968 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Bg8AAAAIAAJ |page=195 |isbn=9780023382901 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206150124/https://books.google.com/books?id=6Bg8AAAAIAAJ |archive-date=2017-12-06}}</ref>
-=== Madeira Island ===
-In [[Madeira|Madeira Island]] cane molasses is a big part of the traditional cuisine, where it is known as ''mel-de-cana'' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] for "sugarcane honey").<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mel de Cana|url=https://www.visitmadeira.pt/pt-pt/a-madeira/produtos-regionais/mel-de-cana|access-date=2022-02-16|website=www.visitmadeira.pt|archive-date=2022-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216211254/https://www.visitmadeira.pt/pt-pt/a-madeira/produtos-regionais/mel-de-cana|url-status=live}}</ref> Its origin in Madeira dates back to the golden age of sugar production in the archipelago.<ref name="Crosby2015">{{cite book|author=Alfred W. Crosby|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5KKNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA77|title=Ecological Imperialism, The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-107-56987-4|edition=2|page=77|access-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106002634/https://books.google.com/books?id=5KKNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA77|archive-date=6 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The 'White Gold' Era|url=http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/history/era-of-white-gold|access-date=2021-10-02|website=www.visitmadeira.pt|archive-date=2021-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003001357/http://www.visitmadeira.pt/en-gb/madeira/history/era-of-white-gold|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=davide|title=Madeira Ruled the Sugar Trade|url=https://www.portuguesemuseum.org/?page_id=1808&category=3&exhibit=&event=184|access-date=2021-11-11|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111232354/https://portuguesemuseum.org/?page_id=1808&category=3&exhibit=&event=184|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ponting 2000 482">{{cite book|last=Ponting|first=Clive|title=World history: a new perspective|publisher=Chatto & Windus|year=2000|isbn=0-7011-6834-X|location=London|page=482|author-link=Clive Ponting}}</ref>
 ==Sugar beet molasses==
 Beet molasses is 50% sugar by dry weight, predominantly [[sucrose]], but contains significant amounts of [[glucose]] and [[fructose]]. Beet molasses is limited in [[biotin]] (vitamin H or B<sub>7</sub>) for cell growth and hence may be supplemented with a biotin source. The non-sugar content includes many salts, including [[calcium]], [[potassium]], [[oxalate]] and [[chloride]]. It contains [[trimethylglycine|betaine]] and the trisaccharide [[raffinose]]. These result from the concentration of the original plant material or other chemicals in processing and are unpalatable to humans. It is therefore mainly used as an animal feed additive (known as ''molassed''<!--Note: 'molassed' is the correct spelling, the apparent past tense of 'molasses' as a verb meaning 'to add molasses to'--> ''sugar beet feed'') or a fermentation feedstock.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lardy |first1=Greg |last2=Schafer |first2=Rebecca |title=Feeding Sugar Beet Byproducts to Cattle |url=https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/livestock/feeding-sugar-beet-byproducts-to-cattle |publisher=North Dakota State University |access-date=6 March 2022 |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119074410/https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/livestock/feeding-sugar-beet-byproducts-to-cattle |url-status=live }}</ref>
+==Other types==
-Additional sugar can also be extracted from beet molasses in a process known as desugarization. The process employs industrial-scale [[chromatography]] to separate sucrose from non-sugar components. The technique is economically viable in trade-protected areas, where the price of sugar is supported above market price. As such, it is practised in the U.S.<ref>[http://www.arifractal.com/assbt%201995%20smb%20optimization.pdf "Chromatographic Separator Optimization"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060826001056/http://www.arifractal.com/assbt%201995%20smb%20optimization.pdf |date=2006-08-26}}</ref> and parts of Europe. Sugar beet molasses is widely consumed in Europe (for example Germany, where it is known as ''Zuckerrübensirup'').<ref>{{cite web |title=Zuckerrübensirup Translation |url=https://www.dict.cc/german-english/Zuckerr%C3%BCbensirup.html |website=Dict.Cc English-German Dictionary |access-date=1 November 2019 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804025347/https://www.dict.cc/german-english/Zuckerr%C3%BCbensirup.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Molasses is also used in [[baker's yeast|yeast]] production.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Bakers Yeast Production and Characteristics |journal=Lallemand Baking Update |volume=3 |issue=4 |url=https://www.lallemandbaking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Vol.-3-No4-Yeast-Production.pdf |access-date=6 March 2022 |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306191836/https://www.lallemandbaking.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Vol.-3-No4-Yeast-Production.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
+[[Sweet sorghum]] syrup is colloquially called ''sorghum molasses'' in the [[southern United States]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/09/12/160946531/sorghum-travels-from-the-south-to-the-mainstream |title=Sorghum Travels From The South To The Mainstream |last=Rapuano |first=Rina |website=npr.org |date=12 September 2012 |access-date=22 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523030015/http://www.npr.org/2012/09/12/160946531/sorghum-travels-from-the-south-to-the-mainstream |archive-date=23 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uky.edu/Ag/CCD/introsheets/swsorghumintro.pdf |title=Sweet Sorghum for Syrup |last=Bitzer |first=Morris |publisher=N.p.: University of Kentucky |year=2002 |access-date=22 May 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523030153/http://www.uky.edu/Ag/CCD/introsheets/swsorghumintro.pdf |archive-date=23 May 2014}}</ref>
-==Fruit molasses==
-=== Pomegranate molasses ===
 [[File:Pomegranate molasses bottle.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Pomegranate molasses]]]]
-[[Pomegranate molasses]] is a traditional ingredient in Middle Eastern cooking. It is made by simmering a mixture of pomegranate juice, sugar and lemon juice and reducing the mixture for about an hour until the consistency of syrup is achieved.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ismayilova |first1=Laman |title=Narsharab, country's delicious pomegranate sauce |url=https://www.azernews.az/culture/152819.html |publisher=AzerNews |access-date=6 March 2022 |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306060531/https://www.azernews.az/culture/152819.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
+[[Pomegranate molasses]] is a traditional ingredient in Middle Eastern cooking. It is made by simmering a mixture of pomegranate juice, sugar and lemon juice and reducing the mixture for about an hour until the consistency of syrup is achieved.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ismayilova |first1=Laman |title=Narsharab, country's delicious pomegranate sauce |date=4 July 2019 |url=https://www.azernews.az/culture/152819.html |publisher=AzerNews |access-date=6 March 2022 |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306060531/https://www.azernews.az/culture/152819.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ==Unsulfured molasses==
-Many types of molasses on the market are branded ''unsulfured''. In the past, many foods, including molasses, were treated with a [[sulfur dioxide]] preservative, helping to kill off moulds and bacteria. Sulfur dioxide is also used as a bleaching agent to help lighten the colour of molasses. Most brands have abandoned the use of sulfur dioxide in molasses because untreated molasses already has a relatively stable natural shelf life. Poor flavour and the trace toxicity of low doses of sulfur dioxide are also factors that have led to its removal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.culinarylore.com/food-science:why-does-my-mollases-say-unsulphured |title=Why Does my Molasses say Unsulphured? Was Sulphur Removed From it? |date=October 8, 2012 |website=Culinary Lore |last=T |first=Eric |access-date=10 March 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918235114/http://www.culinarylore.com/food-science:why-does-my-mollases-say-unsulphured |archive-date=September 18, 2015}}</ref>
+Many types of molasses on the market are branded ''unsulfured''. In the past, many foods, including molasses, were treated with a [[sulfur dioxide]] preservative, helping to kill off moulds and bacteria. Sulfur dioxide is also used as a bleaching agent to help lighten the colour of molasses. Most brands have abandoned the use of sulfur dioxide in molasses because untreated molasses already has a relatively stable natural shelf life. Poor flavour and the trace toxicity of low doses of sulfur dioxide are also factors that have led to its removal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.culinarylore.com/food-science:why-does-my-mollases-say-unsulphured |title=Why Does my Molasses say Unsulphured? Was Sulphur Removed From it? |date=8 October 2012 |website=Culinary Lore |last=T |first=Eric |access-date=10 March 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918235114/http://www.culinarylore.com/food-science:why-does-my-mollases-say-unsulphured |archive-date=18 September 2015}}</ref>
 ==Nutrition==
-{{nutritional value |name=Molasses
+{{nutritional value
+| name=Molasses
 | kJ=1213
 | water=21.9 g
 | protein=0 g
 | fat=0.1 g
-| carbs=74.73 g
+| carbs=74.7 g
 | fiber=0 g
-| sugars=74.72 g
+| sugars=74.7 g
+| sucrose	     = 5.1&ndash;52.2 g
+| glucose	     = 0&ndash;20.5 g
+| fructose	     = 7.9&ndash;18.5 g
 | calcium_mg=205
 | iron_mg=4.72
@@ Line 64: / Line 66: @@
 | riboflavin_mg=0.002
 | niacin_mg=0.93
-| pantothenic_mg=0.804
+| pantothenic_mg = 0.804
 | vitB6_mg=0.67
 | choline_mg=13.3
@@ Line 71: / Line 73: @@
 }}
-Molasses is composed of 22% water, 75% [[carbohydrates]] and very small amounts (0.1%) of [[fat]] (table). It contains no [[protein]]. In a reference amount of 100 grams, molasses is a rich source (20% or more of the [[Daily Value]], DV) of [[vitamin B6]] and several [[dietary minerals]], including [[manganese]], [[magnesium]], [[iron]], [[potassium]] and [[calcium]] (table).
+Molasses is composed of 22% water, 75% [[carbohydrates]] and very small amounts (0.1%) of [[fat]]. It contains no [[protein]]. In a reference amount of 100 grams, molasses is a rich source (20% or more of the [[Daily Value]], DV) of [[vitamin B6]] and several [[dietary minerals]], including [[manganese]], [[magnesium]], [[iron]], [[potassium]] and [[calcium]].
-The sugars in molasses are sucrose (29% of total carbohydrates), glucose (12%) and fructose (13%) (data from [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] nutrition table).
+The sugars in molasses are on average sucrose (39% of total carbohydrates), glucose (16%) and fructose (17%) (data from [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] nutrition table).
 ==Other uses==
@@ Line 82: / Line 84: @@
 * Production of dark [[rye bread]]
 * Production of [[gingerbread]] (particularly in the Americas)
 * Production of [[barbecue sauce]]s
 * Some [[brown sugar]] is made by combining molasses with white sugar
 * In some beer styles of [[stout]]s and [[porter (beer)|porters]]
 * Stabilization of [[emulsifiers]] in home-made [[vinaigrette]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cooksillustrated.com/articles/169-make-ahead-vinaigrette |title=Make-Ahead Vinaigrette |work=Cook's Illustrated |access-date=2017-09-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921094848/https://www.cooksillustrated.com/articles/169-make-ahead-vinaigrette |archive-date=2017-09-21}}</ref>
 * Additive in [[mu'assel]] (also known as ''shisha''), the tobacco smoked in a ''[[hookah]]''<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=2672364 |year=2009 |last1=Chaouachi |first1=K |title=Hookah (Shisha, Narghile) Smoking and Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). A Critical Review of the Relevant Literature and the Public Health Consequences |journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=798–843 |pmid=19440416 |doi=10.3390/ijerph6020798|quote=Mixing tobacco with molasses is a very ancient habit. A WHO report dates back "the addition of molasses to burley tobacco in the nineteenth century to create 'American' blended tobacco". [E]arly health-oriented anthropological research on hookah smoking showed that it [...] can be traced back [to] the 17th century.|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://newscenter.sdsu.edu/sdsu_newscenter/news_story.aspx?sid=76828 |title=The Hidden Chemicals in Hookah Tobacco Smoke |last=White |first=Katie |quote=Hookah users inhale smoke, which is generated by heating hookah tobacco that is fermented with molasses and fruits and combined with burning charcoal. |date=17 July 2017 |publisher=San Diego State University |access-date=10 March 2021 |archive-date=28 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428172049/https://newscenter.sdsu.edu/sdsu_newscenter/news_story.aspx?sid=76828 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ===Industrial===
 * As a minor component of [[mortar (masonry)|mortar]] for [[brickwork]]<ref>{{cite book|title=A Manual on Lime and Cement, Their Treatment and Use in Construction |last=Heath |first=Arthur Henry |publisher=Mackaye Press |date=1893 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JR2fdsniyZsC&q=molasses |access-date=2015-10-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306041658/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JR2fdsniyZsC&q=molasses |archive-date=2016-03-06}}</ref>
-* Mixed with gelatin glue and glycerine in casting [[Composition roller|composition ink rollers]] on early printing presses{{citation needed|date = December 2022}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Some observations on home-made composition rollers |url=https://papertrail.ca/blog/some-observations-on-home-made-composition-rollers/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |archive-date=2021-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625042622/https://papertrail.ca/blog/some-observations-on-home-made-composition-rollers/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
+* Mixed with gelatin glue and glycerine in casting [[Composition roller|composition ink rollers]] on early printing presses<ref>{{Cite web |title=Some observations on home-made composition rollers |date=3 February 2015 |url=https://papertrail.ca/blog/some-observations-on-home-made-composition-rollers/ |access-date=2023-06-15 |archive-date=2021-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625042622/https://papertrail.ca/blog/some-observations-on-home-made-composition-rollers/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 ===Horticultural===
@@ Line 97: / Line 99: @@
 ==See also==
 {{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
-<!-- Please respect alphabetical order -->
+<!-- Please preserve alphabetical order -->
 * [[Anadama bread]]
+* [[Black Strap Molasses]] (1951 novelty song)
 * [[Caramelization]]
 * [[Corn syrup]]
 * [[Great Molasses Flood]]
 * [[Inverted sugar syrup]]
-*[[Panela|Panela (piloncillo)]]
+* [[Panela|Panela (piloncillo)]]
 * [[Jaggery]]
 * [[Kuromitsu]]
@@ Line 122: / Line 125: @@
 {{Sugar}}
 {{Authority control}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
 [[Category:Molasses| ]]
 [[Category:Biofuels]]
-[[Category:Sugars]]
+[[Category:Types of sugar]]
 [[Category:Syrup]]