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Coordinates: 48°10′N 28°18′E / 48.167°N 28.300°E / 48.167; 28.300
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{{Short description|City in Soroca District, Moldova}}
{{For|the village in Glodeni District|Iabloana}}
{{For|the village in Glodeni District|Iabloana}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Short description|City in Soroca District, Moldova}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available-->| name = Soroca
<!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available-->
| name = Soroca
| official_name =
| official_name =
| other_name =
| native_name = <!-- if different from the English name -->
| native_name = <!-- if different from the English name -->
| nickname =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Municipiu|Municipality]]
| settlement_type = [[Municipiu|Municipality]]
| total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| motto = <!-- images and maps ----------->
| motto =
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| border = infobox
| total_width = 290
| total_width = 290
| image_style = border:1;
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| perrow = 2/2/1
| image1 = Сорокская крепость Cetatea Soroca Soroca Fortress (44738806701).jpg
| image1 = Сорокская крепость Cetatea Soroca Soroca Fortress (44738806701).jpg{{!}}Soroca Fort
| image2 = Секция борьбы Sala de lupte Fighting school (44721682451).jpg
| image2 = Секция борьбы Sala de lupte Fighting school (44721682451).jpg
| image3 = Сорокская крепость Cetatea Soroca Soroca Fortress (44020425544).jpg
| image3 = Сорокская крепость Cetatea Soroca Soroca Fortress (44020425544).jpg
| image4 = Сорокский рынок Piata Soroca Soroca Market (44846762511).jpg
| image4 = Сороки, дворец культуры Palatul de cultura Soroca Palace of Cultura in Soroca (44002348844).jpg
| image5 = Candle monument - Lumânarea Recunoștinței 02.jpg{{!}}Thanksgiving Candle
| image5 = Сороки, дворец культуры Palatul de cultura Soroca Palace of Cultura in Soroca (44002348844).jpg
}}
| image6 = Candle monument - Lumânarea Recunoștinței 02.jpg
| image_caption = [[Soroca Fort]] and Soroca
}}
| image_flag =
| image_caption = [[Soroca Fort]] and Soroca
| flag_size =
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| flag_size =
| seal_size =
| image_seal =
| image_shield = Interbelic Soroca CoA.png
| seal_size =
| shield_size =
| image_shield = Interbelic Soroca CoA.png
| image_blank_emblem =
| shield_size =
| blank_emblem_type =
| image_blank_emblem =
| blank_emblem_size =
| blank_emblem_type =
| image_map =
| blank_emblem_size =
| mapsize =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| mapsize =
| pushpin_map = Moldova
| map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| image_map1 =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| mapsize1 =
| pushpin_mapsize =
| map_caption1 =
<!-- Location ------------------>
| pushpin_map = Moldova
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| subdivision_name = {{MDA}}
| pushpin_map_caption =
| subdivision_type1 = [[Counties of Moldova|County]]
| pushpin_mapsize = <!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_name1 = [[Soroca District|Soroca]]
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name = {{MDA}}
| subdivision_name2 = <!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government -->
| subdivision_type1 = [[Counties of Moldova|County]]
| seat_type =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Soroca District|Soroca]]
| seat =
| subdivision_type2 =
| parts_type =
| subdivision_name2 = <!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government -->
| parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
| seat_type =
| seat =
| parts_type =
| parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->
Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->
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| parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->
| p1 =
| p1 =
| p2 = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed-->
| p2 = <!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed-->
<!-- Politics ----------------->| government_footnotes =
<!-- Politics ----------------->
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| government_type =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Lilia Pilipețchi
| leader_name = Lilia Pilipețchi ([[Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova|PSRM]])
| established_title = <!-- Settled -->
| established_title = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date = 1499
| established_date = 1499
<!-- Area --------------------->| area_magnitude =
<!-- Area --------------------->
| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->
| area_footnotes =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 11.88
| area_total_km2 = 11.88
| area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->
| area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent = <!-- Elevation -------------------------->
| area_water_percent =
<!-- Elevation -------------------------->
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m = 45
| elevation_m = 45
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_max_m =
| elevation_min_m = <!-- Population ----------------------->
| elevation_min_m =
<!-- Population ----------------------->
| population_as_of = [[2014 Moldovan Census|2014]]
| population_as_of = [[2014 Moldovan Census|2014]]
| population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.statistica.md/pageview.php?l=en&idc=479 Results of Population and Housing Census in the Republic of Moldova in 2014]: {{cite web | url= http://www.statistica.md/public/files/Recensamint/Recensamint_pop_2014/Rezultate/Tabele/Caracteristici_populatie_Comune_RPL_2014_rom_rus_eng.xls | title= Characteristics - Population (population by communes, religion, citizenship) | publisher= [[National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova]] | format= XLS | year=2017 | access-date = 2017-05-01}}</ref>
| population_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.statistica.md/pageview.php?l=en&idc=479 Results of Population and Housing Census in the Republic of Moldova in 2014]: {{cite web | url= http://www.statistica.md/public/files/Recensamint/Recensamint_pop_2014/Rezultate/Tabele/Caracteristici_populatie_Comune_RPL_2014_rom_rus_eng.xls | title= Characteristics - Population (population by communes, religion, citizenship) | publisher= [[National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova]] | format= XLS | year=2017 | access-date = 2017-05-01}}</ref>
| population_note =
| population_note =
| population_total = 22,196
| population_total = 22,196
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = EET
| timezone = EET
| utc_offset = +2
| utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = EEST
| timezone_DST = EEST
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| coor_type = <!-- can be used to specify what the coordinates refer to -->
| coor_type = <!-- can be used to specify what the coordinates refer to -->
| coordinates = {{coord|48|10|N|28|18|E|region:MD|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|48|10|N|28|18|E|region:MD|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = MD-3001
| postal_code = MD-3001
| area_code = +373 230
| area_code = +373 230
| website = [http://www.primsoroca.md Official website]
| website = [http://www.primsoroca.md Official website]
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Soroca''' is a city and municipality<ref>[http://lex.justice.md/md/368393/ LEGE Nr. 248 din 03.11.2016 pentru modificarea și completarea Legii nr. 764-XV din 27 decembrie 2001 privind organizarea administrativ-teritorială a Republicii Moldova] {{in lang|ro}}</ref> in [[Moldova]], situated on the [[Dniester|Dniester River]] about {{cvt|160|km}} north of [[Chișinău]]. It is the administrative center of the [[Soroca District]].
'''Soroca''' is a city and municipality<ref>[http://lex.justice.md/md/368393/ LEGE Nr. 248 din 03.11.2016 pentru modificarea și completarea Legii nr. 764-XV din 27 decembrie 2001 privind organizarea administrativ-teritorială a Republicii Moldova] {{in lang|ro}}</ref> in northern [[Moldova]], situated on the [[Dniester|Dniester River]] about {{cvt|160|km}} north of [[Chișinău]]. It is the administrative center of the [[Soroca District]].


==History==
==History==
[[File:СорокиЗемство.jpg|thumb|left|Zemstva of Soroca, 18th-19th century]]
[[File:СорокиЗемство.jpg|thumb|left|Zemstva of Soroca, 18th-19th century]]
It is known for its well-preserved stronghold, established by the [[Principality of Moldavia|Moldavia]]n [[List of rulers of Moldavia|prince]] [[Stephen III of Moldavia|Stephen the Great]] (''Ștefan cel Mare'' in [[Romanian language|Romanian]]) in 1499.<ref name=Kaba/> The origins of the name Soroca are not fully known. Soroca (Russian: сорока) means Magpie in [[Russian language|Russian]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=СОРОКА - Translation in English - bab.la|url=https://en.bab.la/dictionary/russian-english/%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0|access-date=2021-07-29|website=en.bab.la}}</ref> Its location is only a few kilometers from the Moldova–Ukrainian border.
It is known for its well-preserved stronghold, established by the [[Principality of Moldavia|Moldavia]]n [[List of rulers of Moldavia|prince]] [[Stephen III of Moldavia|Stephen the Great]] (''Ștefan cel Mare'' in [[Romanian language|Romanian]]) in 1499.<ref name=Kaba/> The origins of the name Soroca are not fully known. Soroca (сорока) is the [[East Slavic languages|East Slavic]] word for [[magpie]]. Its location is only a few kilometers from the Moldova–Ukrainian border.


The original wooden fort, which defended a ford over the Dniester, was an important link in the chain of fortifications which comprised four forts (e.g., [[Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi]], then known as Akkerman, and [[Khotyn]]) on the Dniester, two forts on the [[Danube]], and three forts on the north borders of medieval [[Moldavia]]. Between 1543 and 1546, under the rule of [[Petru Rareș|Peter IV Rareș]], the fort was rebuilt in stone as a perfect circle with five bastions situated at equal distances.
The original wooden fort, which defended a ford over the Dniester, was an important link in the chain of fortifications which comprised four forts (e.g., [[Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi]], then known as Akkerman, and [[Khotyn]]) on the Dniester, two forts on the [[Danube]], and three forts on the north borders of medieval [[Moldavia]]. Between 1543 and 1546, under the rule of [[Petru Rareș|Peter IV Rareș]], the fort was rebuilt in stone as a perfect circle with five bastions situated at equal distances.
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Soroca was known for producing [[grape]]s, [[wheat]], [[maize]], and [[tobacco]] in 1919.<ref name=Kaba>{{cite book|last=Kaba|first=John|title=Politico-economic Review of Basarabia|year=1919|publisher=American Relief Administration|location=United States|pages=13–14|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7313/view/1/13/}}</ref>
Soroca was known for producing [[grape]]s, [[wheat]], [[maize]], and [[tobacco]] in 1919.<ref name=Kaba>{{cite book|last=Kaba|first=John|title=Politico-economic Review of Basarabia|year=1919|publisher=American Relief Administration|location=United States|pages=13–14|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7313/view/1/13/}}</ref>

The town's sizeable [[Jews|Jewish]] populated was murdered in [[the Holocaust]] during [[World War II]].


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
According to the [[Moldovan Census (2014)|2014 census]], the population of Soroca amounted to 22,196 inhabitants (making it the eight largest city in Moldova), a decrease compared to the previous census in 2004, when 28,362 inhabitants were registered. Of these, 10,575 were men and 11,621 were women.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://recensamint.statistica.md/ro/dissemination/person/6e4f47d6a3e00616a565c69757bf59c5|title=2014 Moldova Census of Population and Housing|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova }} {{in lang|ro|ru|en}}</ref>
According to the [[Moldovan Census (2014)|2014 census]], the population of Soroca amounted to 22,196 inhabitants (making it the eight largest city in Moldova), a decrease compared to the previous census in 2004, when 28,362 inhabitants were registered. Of these, 10,575 were men and 11,621 were women.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://recensamint.statistica.md/ro/dissemination/person/6e4f47d6a3e00616a565c69757bf59c5|title=2014 Moldova Census of Population and Housing|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova }} {{in lang|ro|ru|en}}</ref>


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''Footnotes'':
''Footnotes'':


'''*''' ''There is an [[Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova|ongoing controversy]] regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.''
'''*''' ''There is an [[Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova|ongoing controversy]] regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.''


'''*''' ''Moldovan language is one of the two local names for the [[Romanian language]] in Moldova. In 2013, the [[Constitutional Court of Moldova]] interpreted that Article&nbsp;13 of the constitution is superseded by the Declaration of Independence,<ref name="const-court">{{cite news | title = Hotărâre Nr. 36 din 05.12.2013 privind interpretarea articolului 13 alin. (1) din Constituție în corelație cu Preambulul Constituției și Declarația de Independență a Republicii Moldova (Sesizările nr. 8b/2013 și 41b/2013) | publisher = Constitutional Court of Moldova | quote = 124.&nbsp;... Prin urmare, Curtea consideră că prevederea conținută în Declarația de Independență referitoare la limba română ca limbă de stat a Republicii Moldova prevalează asupra prevederii referitoare la limba moldovenească conținute în articolul 13 al Constituției. | trans-quote = 124.&nbsp;... Therefore, the Court considers that the provision contained in the Declaration of Independence regarding the Romanian language as the state language of the Republic of Moldova prevails over the provision regarding the Moldovan language contained in Article 13 of the Constitution. | language = ro | url = http://constcourt.md/download.php?file=cHVibGljL2NjZG9jL2hvdGFyaXJpL3JvLWhfMzZfMjAxM19yby5wZGY%3D | access-date = 20 December 2013 | archive-date = 5 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051137/http://constcourt.md/download.php?file=cHVibGljL2NjZG9jL2hvdGFyaXJpL3JvLWhfMzZfMjAxM19yby5wZGY%3D | url-status = live }}</ref> thus giving official status to the name ''Romanian''.<ref name="foxnews">{{Cite news |date=2013-12-05 |title=Moldovan court rules official language is 'Romanian', replacing Soviet-flavored 'Moldovan' |work=[[Fox News]] |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/12/05/moldovan-court-rules-official-language-is-romanian-replacing-soviet-flavored/ |access-date=2013-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209102718/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/12/05/moldovan-court-rules-official-language-is-romanian-replacing-soviet-flavored |archive-date=2013-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.rferl.org/content/moldova-romanian-official-language/25191455.html| title=Chisinau Recognizes Romanian As Official Language| newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty| date=5 December 2013| access-date=11 March 2014| archive-date=23 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923021555/http://www.rferl.org/content/moldova-romanian-official-language/25191455.html| url-status=live}}</ref>''
'''*''' ''Moldovan language is one of the two local names for the [[Romanian language]] in Moldova. In 2013, the [[Constitutional Court of Moldova]] interpreted that Article&nbsp;13 of the constitution is superseded by the Declaration of Independence,<ref name="const-court">{{cite news | title = Hotărâre Nr. 36 din 05.12.2013 privind interpretarea articolului 13 alin. (1) din Constituție în corelație cu Preambulul Constituției și Declarația de Independență a Republicii Moldova (Sesizările nr. 8b/2013 și 41b/2013) | publisher = Constitutional Court of Moldova | quote = 124.&nbsp;... Prin urmare, Curtea consideră că prevederea conținută în Declarația de Independență referitoare la limba română ca limbă de stat a Republicii Moldova prevalează asupra prevederii referitoare la limba moldovenească conținute în articolul 13 al Constituției. | trans-quote = 124.&nbsp;... Therefore, the Court considers that the provision contained in the Declaration of Independence regarding the Romanian language as the state language of the Republic of Moldova prevails over the provision regarding the Moldovan language contained in Article 13 of the Constitution. | language = ro | url = http://constcourt.md/download.php?file=cHVibGljL2NjZG9jL2hvdGFyaXJpL3JvLWhfMzZfMjAxM19yby5wZGY%3D | access-date = 20 December 2013 | archive-date = 5 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051137/http://constcourt.md/download.php?file=cHVibGljL2NjZG9jL2hvdGFyaXJpL3JvLWhfMzZfMjAxM19yby5wZGY%3D | url-status = live }}</ref> thus giving official status to the name ''Romanian''.<ref name="foxnews">{{Cite news |date=2013-12-05 |title=Moldovan court rules official language is 'Romanian', replacing Soviet-flavored 'Moldovan' |work=[[Fox News]] |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/moldovan-court-rules-official-language-is-romanian-replacing-soviet-flavored-moldovan/ |access-date=2013-12-07 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209102718/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/12/05/moldovan-court-rules-official-language-is-romanian-replacing-soviet-flavored |archive-date=2013-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.rferl.org/content/moldova-romanian-official-language/25191455.html| title=Chisinau Recognizes Romanian As Official Language| newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty| date=5 December 2013| access-date=11 March 2014| archive-date=23 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923021555/http://www.rferl.org/content/moldova-romanian-official-language/25191455.html| url-status=live}}</ref>''


The population was estimated at 35,000 in 1919. It consisted mainly of [[Jews]]. [[Romanians]], [[Germans]], and [[Russians]] also lived in the city.<ref name=Kaba/> The city once had a Jewish population of around 18,000, but there are only 100 today and 20 of them are considered Jewish according to the ''[[halakha]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jta.org/2012/06/20/news-opinion/world/moldovan-jews-struggle-to-maintain-their-historic-community-amid-poverty-anti-semitism |title=Moldovan Jews struggle to maintain their historic community amid poverty, anti-Semitism |work=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] |date=20 June 2012 |access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref>
The population was estimated at 35,000 in 1919. It consisted mainly of [[Jews]]. [[Romanians]], [[Germans]], and [[Russians]] also lived in the city.<ref name=Kaba/> Before the Holocaust, the city had a Jewish population of around 18,000, but there are only 100 today and 20 of them are considered Jewish according to the ''[[halakha]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jta.org/2012/06/20/news-opinion/world/moldovan-jews-struggle-to-maintain-their-historic-community-amid-poverty-anti-semitism |title=Moldovan Jews struggle to maintain their historic community amid poverty, anti-Semitism |work=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] |date=20 June 2012 |access-date=9 January 2014}}</ref>


The city has a sizable [[Romani people|Romani]] minority and is popularly known as the "Romani capital of Moldova".<ref>Steve Kokker, Cathryn Kemp (2004) "Romania and Moldova" (a travel guide), {{ISBN|1-74104-149-X}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=hQJ8yHQpBGYC&dq=roma+moldova+soroca&pg=PA322 p.322]</ref>
The city has a sizable [[Romani people|Romani]] minority and is popularly known as the "Romani capital of Moldova".<ref>Steve Kokker, Cathryn Kemp (2004) "Romania and Moldova" (a travel guide), {{ISBN|1-74104-149-X}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=hQJ8yHQpBGYC&dq=roma+moldova+soroca&pg=PA322 p.322]</ref>


{{Historical populations
{{Historical populations
|1867|7758|1882|9225
|1897 | 15351
|1897 | 15351
|1930 | 15001
|1930 | 15001
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|[[Moldovan Census (2004)|2004]] | 28362
|[[Moldovan Census (2004)|2004]] | 28362
|[[Moldovan Census (2014)|2014]] | 22196
|[[Moldovan Census (2014)|2014]] | 22196
|source = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd_eng.php?reg=82|title=Demoscope Weekly - Annex. Statistical indicators reference.|website=demoscope.ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/moldova-cities.htm|title=Cities of Moldova|website=pop-stat.mashke.org}}</ref>
|source = <ref>{{cite book |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XI|year=1890|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=83}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_lan_97_uezd_eng.php?reg=82|title=Demoscope Weekly - Annex. Statistical indicators reference.|website=demoscope.ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/moldova-cities.htm|title=Cities of Moldova|website=pop-stat.mashke.org}}</ref>
}}
}}


== Natives ==
==Mayor==
The Mayor of Soroca is head of the executive branch of Soroca City Council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.primsoroca.md/|title=Loading|website=primsoroca.md}}</ref>
{{See also|Category:People from Soroca|Category:People from Soroca District}}

{| class="wikitable"
* [[Samuel Bronfman]] (1889–1971), a Canadian entrepreneur, former owner of [[Seagram]]
! colspan=5| List of mayors of Soroca
* [[Alexandru Cimbriciuc]]
|-
* [[Arkady Gendler]] (1921–2017), Ukrainian Yiddish Singer
!Name
* [[Sofia Imber]], a Venezuelan journalist, founder of the Contemporary Art Museum of Caracas
!From
* [[Isaac Kitrosser]], French photojournalist
!Until
* Anna Mincovschi, mother of [[Robert Hossein]]
!Party
* [[Kira Muratova]], a Soviet and Ukrainian film director, screenwriter and actress
![[Elections in Moldova|Pool]]
* David Seltzer (1904–1994), New York Yiddish language writer, journalist and poet
|-
* [[Marina Shafir]], a Moldovan mixed martial arts and professional wrestler currently works for All Elite Wrestling.
|Mihail Popovschi<ref name="newmayor2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.timpul.md/articol/ce-se-intampla-la-soroca--24071.html|title=Ce se întâmplă la Soroca?}}</ref>
* [[Nicolae Șoltuz]], a member of [[Sfatul Țării]]
|2003
* [[Robert Steinberg]], a Canadian mathematician
|2007
* [[Leonte Tismăneanu]], a Romanian communist activist
|[[Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova|PCRM]]
* Eugen Ţapu (1983–2009), a protester in the [[2009 Moldova civil unrest|post-election riots]] in [[Chișinău]] who died while in police custody
|[[Moldovan local election, 2003|2003]]
* [[Gheorghe Ursu]] (1926–1985), a Romanian construction engineer and dissident
|-
* [[Mark Tkaciuk]], historian, politician
|[[Victor Său]]
|2007
|2011
|[[National Liberal Party (Moldova)|PNL]]
|[[Moldovan local election, 2007|2007]]
|-
|[[Elena Bodnarenco]]
|2011
|2015
|[[Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova|PCRM]]
|[[Moldovan local election, 2011|2011]]
|-
|[[Victor Său]]
|2015
|2019
|[[Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova|PLDM]]
|[[Moldovan local election, 2015|2015]]
|-
|Lilia Pilipețchi
|2019
|Present
|[[Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova|PSRM]]
|[[2019 Moldovan local elections|2019]]
|}


==Climate==
==Climate==
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| access-date = 21 August 2023}}</ref>
| access-date = 21 August 2023}}</ref>
}}
}}

==Mayor==
The Mayor of Soroca is head of the executive branch of Soroca City Council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.primsoroca.md/|title=Loading|website=primsoroca.md}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=5| List of mayors of Soroca
|-
!Name
!From
!Until
!Party
![[Elections in Moldova|Pool]]
|-
|Mihail Popovschi<ref name="newmayor2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.timpul.md/articol/ce-se-intampla-la-soroca--24071.html|title=Ce se întâmplă la Soroca?}}</ref>
|2003
|2007
|[[Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova|PCRM]]
|[[Moldovan local election, 2003|2003]]
|-
|[[Victor Său]]
|2007
|2011
|[[National Liberal Party (Moldova)|PNL]]
|[[Moldovan local election, 2007|2007]]
|-
|[[Elena Bodnarenco]]
|2011
|2015
|[[Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova|PCRM]]
|[[Moldovan local election, 2011|2011]]
|-
|[[Victor Său]]
|2015
|2019
|[[Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova|PLDM]]
|[[Moldovan local election, 2015|2015]]
|-
|Lilia Pilipețchi
|2019
|Present
|[[Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova|PSRM]]
|[[2019 Moldovan local elections|2019]]
|}


==Media==
==Media==
* ''[[Observatorul de Nord]]'', a newspaper from Soroca, founded in 1998<ref>[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]], [http://www.europalibera.org/content/article/1848245.html „Nici tu ploaie ca lumea, nici tu limpezirea apelor în domeniul politicii”]</ref><ref>[http://www.api.md/files/250407_reportereuropean.pdf Reporter european] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722171417/http://www.api.md/files/250407_reportereuropean.pdf |date=22 July 2011 }}</ref>
* ''[[Observatorul de Nord]]'', a newspaper from Soroca, founded in 1998<ref>[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]], [http://www.europalibera.org/content/article/1848245.html „Nici tu ploaie ca lumea, nici tu limpezirea apelor în domeniul politicii”]</ref><ref>[http://www.api.md/files/250407_reportereuropean.pdf Reporter european] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722171417/http://www.api.md/files/250407_reportereuropean.pdf |date=22 July 2011 }}</ref>
* [[Vocea Basarabiei]], 67,69 and 103.1
* [[Vocea Basarabiei]], 67,69 and 103.1

== Natives ==
{{See also|Category:People from Soroca|Category:People from Soroca District}}
* [[Samuel Bronfman]] (1889–1971), a Jewish-Canadian entrepreneur, former owner of [[Seagram]]
* [[Alexandru Cimbriciuc]]
* [[Arkady Gendler]] (1921–2017), Jewish-Ukrainian Yiddish Singer
* [[Sofia Imber]], a Venezuelan journalist, founder of the Contemporary Art Museum of Caracas
* [[Isaac Kitrosser]], French Jewish photojournalist
* Anna Mincovschi, mother of [[Robert Hossein]]
* [[Kira Muratova]], a Soviet and Ukrainian film director, screenwriter and actress
* David Seltzer (1904–1994), New York Yiddish language Jewish writer, journalist and poet
* [[Marina Shafir]], a Moldovan mixed martial arts and professional wrestler currently works for All Elite Wrestling.
* [[Nicolae Șoltuz]], a member of [[Sfatul Țării]]
* [[Robert Steinberg]], a Jewish-Canadian mathematician
* [[Leonte Tismăneanu]], a Romanian communist activist
* Eugen Ţapu (1983–2009), a protester in the [[2009 Moldova civil unrest|post-election riots]] in [[Chișinău]] who died while in police custody
* [[Gheorghe Ursu]] (1926–1985), a Romanian construction engineer and dissident
* [[Mark Tkaciuk]], historian, politician


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:Stamp of Moldova md029pds.jpg|[[Thanksgiving Candle]] can be seen at night from [[Otaci]] and [[Camenca]].
Image:Luminarea 2016.jpg|[[Thanksgiving Candle]] can be seen at night from [[Otaci]] and [[Camenca]].
File:Сорокская крепость Cetatea Soroca Soroca Fortress (42928896330).jpg|[[Soroca Fort]]
File:Сорокская крепость Cetatea Soroca Soroca Fortress (42928896330).jpg|[[Soroca Fort]]
File:Сороки, этнографический музей Muzeul de istorie si etnografie din Soroca Soroca Ethnografic Museum (42870845280).jpg|Museum
File:Stamp of Moldova 175.gif|[[Soroca Fort]]
Image:Manastirea Rughi Soroca 39L.JPG|[[Rudi Monastery]]
Image:Manastirea Rughi Soroca 39L.JPG|[[Rudi Monastery]]
File:Stamp of Moldova md022std.jpg|[[Mihai Eminescu]]
File:Stamp of Moldova md022std.jpg|[[Mihai Eminescu]]
Line 340: Line 344:
{{AdminCitiesMoldova}}
{{AdminCitiesMoldova}}
{{Districts of Moldova}}
{{Districts of Moldova}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Line 353: Line 356:
[[Category:Romani communities in Moldova]]
[[Category:Romani communities in Moldova]]
[[Category:Soroca District]]
[[Category:Soroca District]]
[[Category:Market towns in Moldavia]]

Latest revision as of 11:35, 30 November 2024

For the village in Glodeni District, see Iabloana.

Soroca
Municipality
Soroca Fort and Soroca
Coat of arms of Soroca
Coat of arms
Soroca is located in Moldova
Soroca
Soroca
Coordinates: 48°10′N 28°18′E / 48.167°N 28.300°E / 48.167; 28.300
Country Moldova
CountySoroca
Government
 • MayorLilia Pilipețchi (PSRM)
Area
 • Total
11.88 km2 (4.59 sq mi)
Elevation
45 m (148 ft)
Population
 (2014)[1]
 • Total
22,196
 • Density1,900/km2 (4,800/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
MD-3001
Area code+373 230
WebsiteOfficial website

Soroca is a city and municipality[2] in northern Moldova, situated on the Dniester River about 160 km (99 mi) north of Chișinău. It is the administrative center of the Soroca District.

History

[edit]
Zemstva of Soroca, 18th-19th century

It is known for its well-preserved stronghold, established by the Moldavian prince Stephen the Great (Ștefan cel Mare in Romanian) in 1499.[3] The origins of the name Soroca are not fully known. Soroca (сорока) is the East Slavic word for magpie. Its location is only a few kilometers from the Moldova–Ukrainian border.

The original wooden fort, which defended a ford over the Dniester, was an important link in the chain of fortifications which comprised four forts (e.g., Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, then known as Akkerman, and Khotyn) on the Dniester, two forts on the Danube, and three forts on the north borders of medieval Moldavia. Between 1543 and 1546, under the rule of Peter IV Rareș, the fort was rebuilt in stone as a perfect circle with five bastions situated at equal distances.

During the Great Turkish War, John III Sobieski's forces successfully defended the fort against the Ottomans. It was of vital military importance during the Pruth River Campaign of Peter the Great in 1711. The stronghold was sacked by the Russians in the Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39). The Soroca Fort is an important attraction in Soroca, having preserved cultures and kept the old Soroca to the present day.

The locality was greatly extended in the 19th century, during a period of relative prosperity. Soroca became a regional center featuring large squares, modernized streets, hospitals, grammar schools and conventionalized churches. During the Soviet period, the city became an important industrial center for northern Moldova.[4]

Soroca was known for producing grapes, wheat, maize, and tobacco in 1919.[3]

The town's sizeable Jewish populated was murdered in the Holocaust during World War II.

Demographics

[edit]

According to the 2014 census, the population of Soroca amounted to 22,196 inhabitants (making it the eight largest city in Moldova), a decrease compared to the previous census in 2004, when 28,362 inhabitants were registered. Of these, 10,575 were men and 11,621 were women.[5]

Ethnic composition of Soroca (2014)[6]

  Moldovans* (77.90%)
  Romanians (6.08%)
  Ukrainians (6.64%)
  Russians (5.43%)
  Romani (3.21%)
  Others (0.73%)
Linguistic composition of Soroca (2014)[7]
  Moldovan* (60.65%)
  Romanian (21.03%)
  Russian (12.64%)
  Romani (3.07%)
  Ukrainian (2.34%)
  Other (0.26%)

Footnotes:

* There is an ongoing controversy regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.

* Moldovan language is one of the two local names for the Romanian language in Moldova. In 2013, the Constitutional Court of Moldova interpreted that Article 13 of the constitution is superseded by the Declaration of Independence,[8] thus giving official status to the name Romanian.[9][10]

The population was estimated at 35,000 in 1919. It consisted mainly of Jews. Romanians, Germans, and Russians also lived in the city.[3] Before the Holocaust, the city had a Jewish population of around 18,000, but there are only 100 today and 20 of them are considered Jewish according to the halakha.[11]

The city has a sizable Romani minority and is popularly known as the "Romani capital of Moldova".[12]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18677,758—    
18829,225+18.9%
1897 15,351+66.4%
1930 15,001−2.3%
1959 15,195+1.3%
1970 21,924+44.3%
1979 30,365+38.5%
1989 42,297+39.3%
2004 28,362−32.9%
2014 22,196−21.7%
Source: [13][14][15]

Mayor

[edit]

The Mayor of Soroca is head of the executive branch of Soroca City Council.[16]

List of mayors of Soroca
Name From Until Party Pool
Mihail Popovschi[17] 2003 2007 PCRM 2003
Victor Său 2007 2011 PNL 2007
Elena Bodnarenco 2011 2015 PCRM 2011
Victor Său 2015 2019 PLDM 2015
Lilia Pilipețchi 2019 Present PSRM 2019

Climate

[edit]

The climate in Soroca is a warm-summer subtype (Köppen: Dfb) of the humid continental climate.

Climate data for Soroca (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 0.0
(32.0) 		2.1
(35.8) 		8.3
(46.9) 		16.3
(61.3) 		22.0
(71.6) 		25.6
(78.1) 		27.5
(81.5) 		27.4
(81.3) 		21.5
(70.7) 		14.5
(58.1) 		7.0
(44.6) 		1.4
(34.5) 		14.5
(58.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.9
(26.8) 		−1.4
(29.5) 		3.5
(38.3) 		10.4
(50.7) 		16.0
(60.8) 		19.6
(67.3) 		21.3
(70.3) 		20.8
(69.4) 		15.6
(60.1) 		9.5
(49.1) 		3.8
(38.8) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		9.6
(49.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −5.3
(22.5) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		5.0
(41.0) 		10.2
(50.4) 		14.0
(57.2) 		15.5
(59.9) 		14.7
(58.5) 		10.2
(50.4) 		5.3
(41.5) 		1.1
(34.0) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		5.2
(41.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 30
(1.2) 		28
(1.1) 		31
(1.2) 		39
(1.5) 		56
(2.2) 		67
(2.6) 		80
(3.1) 		50
(2.0) 		54
(2.1) 		38
(1.5) 		40
(1.6) 		28
(1.1) 		542
(21.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 6 6 6 7 8 7 8 6 6 5 6 6 76
Source: NOAA[18]

Media

[edit]

Natives

[edit]
See also: Category:People from Soroca and Category:People from Soroca District
[edit]

International relations

[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Moldova

Twin towns – Sister cities

[edit]

Soroca is twinned with:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Results of Population and Housing Census in the Republic of Moldova in 2014: "Characteristics - Population (population by communes, religion, citizenship)" (XLS). National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  2. ^ LEGE Nr. 248 din 03.11.2016 pentru modificarea și completarea Legii nr. 764-XV din 27 decembrie 2001 privind organizarea administrativ-teritorială a Republicii Moldova (in Romanian)
  3. ^ a b c Kaba, John (1919). Politico-economic Review of Basarabia. United States: American Relief Administration. pp. 13–14.
  4. ^ Tourist towns of Moldova Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "2014 Moldova Census of Population and Housing". National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. (in Romanian, Russian, and English)
  6. ^ "2014 Moldova Census of Population and Housing". National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. (in Romanian, Russian, and English)
  7. ^ "2014 Moldova Census of Population and Housing". National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. (in Romanian, Russian, and English)
  8. ^ "Hotărâre Nr. 36 din 05.12.2013 privind interpretarea articolului 13 alin. (1) din Constituție în corelație cu Preambulul Constituției și Declarația de Independență a Republicii Moldova (Sesizările nr. 8b/2013 și 41b/2013)" (in Romanian). Constitutional Court of Moldova. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 20 December 2013. 124. ... Prin urmare, Curtea consideră că prevederea conținută în Declarația de Independență referitoare la limba română ca limbă de stat a Republicii Moldova prevalează asupra prevederii referitoare la limba moldovenească conținute în articolul 13 al Constituției. [124. ... Therefore, the Court considers that the provision contained in the Declaration of Independence regarding the Romanian language as the state language of the Republic of Moldova prevails over the provision regarding the Moldovan language contained in Article 13 of the Constitution.]
  9. ^ "Moldovan court rules official language is 'Romanian', replacing Soviet-flavored 'Moldovan'". Fox News. Associated Press. 5 December 2013. Archived from the original on 9 December 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
  10. ^ "Chisinau Recognizes Romanian As Official Language". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 5 December 2013. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  11. ^ "Moldovan Jews struggle to maintain their historic community amid poverty, anti-Semitism". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 20 June 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  12. ^ Steve Kokker, Cathryn Kemp (2004) "Romania and Moldova" (a travel guide), ISBN 1-74104-149-X p.322
  13. ^ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XI (in Polish). Warszawa. 1890. p. 83.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ^ "Demoscope Weekly - Annex. Statistical indicators reference". demoscope.ru.
  15. ^ "Cities of Moldova". pop-stat.mashke.org.
  16. ^ "Loading". primsoroca.md.
  17. ^ "Ce se întâmplă la Soroca?".
  18. ^ "Soroca Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  19. ^ Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, „Nici tu ploaie ca lumea, nici tu limpezirea apelor în domeniul politicii”
  20. ^ Reporter european Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Soroca.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Soroca.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Soroca&oldid=1260372191"