Alexander Ulanovsky: Difference between revisions
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'''Alexander Ulanovsky''' (1891–1970) was a Soviet [[resident spy]] in the United States in the 1930s.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Volodarsky |first1=Boris |title=Stalin's Agent: The Life and Death of Alexander Orlov |date=2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |df=mdy-all }}</ref> |
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'''Alexander Ulanovsky''' (1891–1970) was the chief illegal "[[rezident]]" for Soviet Military Intelligence ([[GRU (Soviet Union)|GRU]]), who was [[rezident]] in the United States 1931–1932 with [[Nadezhda Ulanovskaya|his wife]] and was imprisoned{{why?}} in the 1950s{{when?}} with his family in the Soviet [[gulag]].<ref name=ulan>[http://www.sakharov-center.ru/asfcd/auth/auth_book1d45.html?id=86152&aid=80 Улановская Н. М., Улановская М. А. История одной семьи.]</ref>{{dead link}} |
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==Early life== |
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Born '''Izrail Khaykelevich Ulanovsky''' to a [[Jewish]] family in [[Chişinău]], ([[Bessarabia]]), he joined the [[Anarchism|anarchists]] as a young man. In 1907, his family moved to [[Kerch]] ([[Crimea]]). Arrested for radical activity, he was deported to [[Siberia]], where he was confined to the same village ([[Turukhansk]]) as [[Joseph Stalin]]. While in exile, he made a daring escape and "on his way out" entered Stalin's flat and took his fur coat, as was customary among fellow-exiles in such a situation.<ref name=ulan/> |
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[[File:Red Guard Vulkan factory.jpg|thumb|right|[[Red Guards (Russia)|Red Guards]] unit of Vulkan factory]] |
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Following the [[October Revolution]], Ulanovsky returned to Russia and enlisted in the [[Red Army]]. He served as the deputy-commander of an armored train (under anarchist revolutionary [[Anatoli Zhelezniakov]]) and took part in fighting against [[White movement|White armies]] in [[Ukraine]] and [[Crimea]]. After the [[Russian Civil War]], he joined Soviet military intelligence and served as a secret agent in, among other places, [[Buenos Aires]] and [[Shanghai]].<ref name=ulan/> |
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==Espionage== |
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[[File: Whittaker Chambers.jpg|thumb|right| [[Whittaker Chambers]] reported to Ulanovsky in New York]] |
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Together with his wife Nadezhda, Ulanovsky came to America on the maiden voyage of the ''SS Bremen'' in 1931. His mission was to take over the GRU (military intelligence) apparatus assembled by his predecessor, [[Manfred Stern]], who was moving on to [[China]]. Some of the known members of the group were [[Lydia Stahl]], [[Robert Gordon Switz]], Leon Minster, Robert Osman, Joshua Tamer, and [[Whittaker Chambers]].<ref name=ulan/> |
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In his memoirs, ''Witness'', Chambers provided an insider's view of the workings of the apparatus and a deferential portrait of Ulanovsky, whom he called "the only Russian who was ever to become my close friend."<ref> |
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{{Cite book |
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| last = Chambers |
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| first = Whittaker |
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| author-link = Whittaker Chambers |
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| title = Witness |
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| publisher = Random House |
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| year = 1952 |
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| pages = 290–300 and others |
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| isbn = 0-89526-571-0}}</ref> |
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The spy [[Hede Massing]] also knew Ulanovsky at this time under the alias "William Joseph Berman" ("Bill Berman"—also "Felik" and "the Long Man"). In her memoirs, she picked up on his anarchist tendencies without understanding where they came from. Thus, she describes him as a "nice enough man," a "simple man," and "one of the least ambitious and offensive" Russian agents she ever knew, but also "confused and inept." When Massing mentions that Ulanovsky had told her he was not her boss and that they were "both waiting for the boss", she implies that he ranked closely to her. However, Ulanovsky meant not that "the" (their) boss but that "her" boss was coming ([[Valentin Markin]]). Despite all this, she notes, "But one thing he did know expertly: This was conspiracy."<ref name=Deception> |
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{{Cite book |
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|last=Massing |
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|first=Hede |
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|author-link= Hede Massing |
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|title=This Deception |
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|publisher=Duell, Sloan and Pearce |
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|year=1951 |
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|location=New York |
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|pages=143–145 (description), 147–148, 158, 162 |
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|lccn=51002483 |
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}}</ref> |
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The group's principal activity was securing patent applications, blueprints, and technical manuals which they would pack into a large crate and ship to the Soviet Union. Ulanovsky returned to Europe after the failure of several GRU operations, notably a bungled scheme to counterfeit U.S. currency and the arrest of Robert Osman in [[Panama]] on espionage charges. An [[NKVD]] illegal, [[Valentin Markin]], came to America and took control of GRU operations in 1934.<ref name=ulan/> |
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[[File:Gulag Location Map.svg|right|thumb|Map of various Gulag prison-camps (1923–1961), based on data from [[Memorial (society)|Memorial]] ([[human rights group|human-rights group]])]] |
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==Personal life and death== |
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[[File: MayaUl.jpg|thumb|right|Ulanovsky's daughter was Soviet dissident [[Maya Ulanovskaya]] (circa 1955)]] |
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By 1922, Ulanovsky married Esther Markova Fridgant (Party name [[Nadezhda Ulanovskaya]]). They had a son and a daughter named [[Maya Ulanovskaya]]. In 1970, Ulanovsky died in the Soviet Union. In 1983, wife Nadezhda, daughter Maya, son-in-law [[Anatoly Yakobson]], and grandson [[Alexander Yakobson]] emigrated to [[Israel]].<ref name=ulan/> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Nadezhda Ulanovskaya]] |
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* [[Maya Ulanovskaya]] |
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* [[Alexander Yakobson]] |
* [[Alexander Yakobson]] |
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* [[Whittaker Chambers]] |
* [[Whittaker Chambers]] |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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== Further reading == |
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==External sources== |
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*{{cite book | last=Chambers | first=Whittaker | author-link =Whittaker Chambers | title = Witness | url=https://archive.org/details/witnesscham00cham | url-access=registration | publisher = Random House | year = 1952 | isbn = 0-89526-571-0}} |
*{{cite book | last=Chambers | first=Whittaker | author-link =Whittaker Chambers | title = Witness | url=https://archive.org/details/witnesscham00cham | url-access=registration | publisher = Random House | year = 1952 | isbn = 0-89526-571-0}} |
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[[Category:Date of birth unknown]] |
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]] |
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[[Category:Date of death unknown]] |
[[Category:Date of death unknown]] |
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[[Category:Russian anarchists]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:17, 24 August 2024
Alexander Ulanovsky | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Alexander Ulanovsky | |
| Born | Izrail Khaykelevich Ulanovsky 1891 |
| Died | 1970 USSR |
| Occupation | Intelligence officer |
| Spouse | Nadezhda Ulanovskaya |
| Children | Maya Ulanovskaya |
| Espionage activity | |
| Allegiance |  Soviet Union |
| Service branch | GRU |
| Service years | 1923-1948 |
| Codename |
|
Alexander Ulanovsky (1891–1970) was a Soviet resident spy in the United States in the 1930s.[1]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Volodarsky, Boris (2015). Stalin's Agent: The Life and Death of Alexander Orlov. Oxford University Press.
Further reading
[edit]- Chambers, Whittaker (1952). Witness. Random House. ISBN 0-89526-571-0.
- Hede Massing, This Deception, Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, 1951.
- Sam Tanenhaus, Whittaker Chambers, Random House, 1997.
- Maya and Nadezhda Ulanovskaya, Istoriya Odnoi Semyi (One Family's Story), Chalidze Publications, 1982.
- Louis Waldman, Labor Lawyer, E.P. Dutton, 1944.
- Weinstein, Allen (1978). Perjury: The Hiss–Chambers Case. New York: Ballantine Books. LCCN 77075009.
- Улановские Надежда и Майя: История одной семьи. С.-Петербург : Инапресс, 2005.