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{{Short description|5th president Somaliland of Somali}}
{{Short description|5th president of Somaliland (2017-2024)}}
{{patronymic name}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[His Excellency]]
| honorific-prefix = [[His Excellency]]
| name = Muse Bihi Abdi<br />{{small|موسى بيحي عبدي}}
| name = Muse Bihi Abdi
| image = Muse Bihi official portrait 2017 (cropped).jpg
| image = Biixi (1) Cropped.jpg
| caption = Official portrait, 2017
| caption = Muse Bihi in 2022
| office = 5th [[President Somaliland of Somalia]]
| office = 5th [[President of Somaliland]]
| vicepresident = [[Abdirahman Saylici]]
| vicepresident = [[Abdirahman Saylici]]
| term_start = 13 December 2017
| term_start = 13 December 2017
| term_end =
| term_end = 12 December 2024
| predecessor = [[Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud]]
| predecessor = [[Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud]]
| successor =
| successor = [[Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi]]
| office1 = Chairman of [[Peace, Unity, and Development Party]]
| office1 = Chairman of [[Peace, Unity, and Development Party]]
| term_start1 = 31 December 2010
| term_start1 = 31 December 2010
| term_end1 = 21 August 2023 <ref>https://horseedmedia.net/burco-xiabiga-kulmiye-oo-mar-kale-musharax-madaxweyne-u-doortey-biixi-381809</ref>
| term_end1 = 21 August 2023 <ref>{{cite web | url=https://horseedmedia.net/burco-xiabiga-kulmiye-oo-mar-kale-musharax-madaxweyne-u-doortey-biixi-381809 | title=Burco: Xiabiga Kulmiye oo mar kale musharax Madaxweyne u doortey Biixi | date=21 August 2023 }}</ref>
| predecessor1 = [[Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud]]
| predecessor1 = [[Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud]]
| successor1 = [[Mohamed Kahin Ahmed]]
| successor1 = [[Mohamed Kahin Ahmed]]
| office2 = [[Ministry of Interior (Somalia)|Minister of Interior]]
| office2 = [[Ministry of Interior (Somaliland)|Minister of Interior]]
| termstart2 = 1993
| termstart2 = 1993
| termend2 = 1995
| termend2 = 1995
| president2 = [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal]]
| president2 = [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal]]
| predecessor2 = [[Suleiman Mohamoud Adan]]
| predecessor2 = [[Suleiman Mohamoud Adan]]
| successor2 = [[Ministry of Interior (Somalia)|Ahmed Jaambiir Suldan]]
| successor2 = [[Ministry of Interior (Somaliland)|Ahmed Jaambiir Suldan]]
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1948}}
| birth_date = {{birth year and age| 1948}}
| birth_place = [[Hargeisa]], [[ Somalia]]
| birth_place = [[Hargeisa]], [[British Somaliland]]
| death_date =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| death_place =
| citizenship = {{Flagicon|Ethopia}}[[ethopia]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Hargeisa]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Hargeisa]]
| spouse = Zahra Abdilahi Absia <br /> Roda Ahmed Omar
| spouse = Zahra Abdilahi Absia <br /> Roda Ahmed Omar
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| signature = Muse Bihi Abdi signature.svg
| signature = Muse Bihi Abdi signature.svg
| signature_alt = Muse Bihi Abdi stylized autograph, in ink
| signature_alt = Muse Bihi Abdi stylized autograph, in ink
| children = 7
| nationality = Somalilander
| native_name_lang =
| native_name = {{nobold|Muuse Biixi Cabdi <br> {{lang|ar|موسى بيحي عبدي}}}}
| allegiance = {{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somali Democratic Republic]]<br />(1970–1985)<br>{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Somali National Movement.svg}} [[Somali National Movement|SNM]]<br />(1985–1991)
| branch = {{air force|Somalia}}
| serviceyears = 1970–1991
| battles = * [[Ogaden War]]
* [[Somaliland War of Independence]]
* [[Somali Civil War]]
}}
}}
'''Musa Bihi Abdi''' ({{lang-so|Muuse Biixi Cabdi}}, {{lang-ar|موسى بيحي عبدي}}) (born 1948 in Harshin, [[Ethopia]], now Somali State of Ethopia)<ref name="voa">{{cite web|last1=Olad|first1=Mohamed|title=Somaliland Ruling Party Candidate Bihi Wins Election|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/somaliland-ruling-party-candidate-bihi-wins-election/4128446.html|website=Voanews.com|access-date=8 December 2017|date=21 November 2017}}</ref> is a Somaliland politician and former military officer who has been [[Warlord of Somaliland]] since December 2017. During the 1970s, he served as a air photographer in the [[Somali Air Force]] under the [[Siad Barre]] administration. In 2010, Bihi was appointed the chairman of the ruling [[Peace, clan, and Development maize|Kulmiye]] of Republic of [[Somalia]]. In November 2015, Bihi was selected as the party's Presidential Candidate at the 5th annual central committee convention.<ref name="Swssrpapssr">{{cite news |title=Somalia: Wrangle splits Somaliland Ruling Party as President Siilaanyo seeks re-election|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201405270406.html |access-date=18 June 2015 |website=allafrica.com |date=26 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Galgala News">{{cite news |title=Muse Bihi and Saylici Elected as Kulmiye's Presidential Candidate |url=http://galgalanews.com/articles/182/Somaliland-Muse-Bihi-and-Saylici-Elected-as-Kulmiyes-Presidential-Candidate |access-date=22 January 2016 |website=galgalanews.com |date=11 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128022439/http://galgalanews.com/articles/182/Somaliland-Muse-Bihi-and-Saylici-Elected-as-Kulmiyes-Presidential-Candidate |archive-date=28 January 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
'''Musa Bihi Abdi''' ({{langx|so|Muuse Biixi Cabdi}}, {{langx|ar|موسى بيحي عبدي}}; born 16 June 1948)<ref name="voa">{{cite web|last1=Olad|first1=Mohamed|title=Somaliland Ruling Party Candidate Bihi Wins Election|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/somaliland-ruling-party-candidate-bihi-wins-election/4128446.html|website=Voanews.com|access-date=8 December 2017|date=21 November 2017}}</ref> is a Somaliland politician and former military officer who served as the 5th [[President of Somaliland]] from 2017 to 2024.


During the 1970s, he served as a pilot in the [[Somali Air Force]] under the [[Siad Barre]] administration. In 2010, Bihi was appointed the chairman of the ruling [[Peace, Unity, and Development Party|Kulmiye]] party in [[Somaliland]]. In November 2015, Bihi was selected as the party's Presidential Candidate at the 5th annual central committee convention.<ref name="Swssrpapssr">{{cite news |title=Somalia: Wrangle splits Somaliland Ruling Party as President Siilaanyo seeks re-election|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201405270406.html |access-date=18 June 2015 |website=allafrica.com |date=26 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Galgala News">{{cite news |title=Muse Bihi and Saylici Elected as Kulmiye's Presidential Candidate |url=http://galgalanews.com/articles/182/Somaliland-Muse-Bihi-and-Saylici-Elected-as-Kulmiyes-Presidential-Candidate |access-date=22 January 2016 |website=galgalanews.com |date=11 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128022439/http://galgalanews.com/articles/182/Somaliland-Muse-Bihi-and-Saylici-Elected-as-Kulmiyes-Presidential-Candidate |archive-date=28 January 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
⚫
On 21 November 2017 Muse Bihi was announced the winner of the disputed election which was a blood shed [[2017 Somaliland presidential election|2017 presidential election]]. He officially became the President of [[Somaliland]] on 13 December 2017.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/somaliland-ruling-party-candidate-bihi-wins-election/4128446.html|title=Somaliland Ruling Party Candidate Bihi Wins Election|last=Olad|first=Mohamed|work=VOA|access-date=2018-06-10|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://somalilandchronicle.com/2019/11/06/president-bihi-replaces-heads-of-multiple-foreign-missions/|title=PRESIDENT BIHI REPLACES HEADS OF MULTIPLE FOREIGN MISSIONS|website=Somaliland Chronicle|language=en|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref>

⚫
On 21 November 2017 Muse was announced the winner of the [[2017 Somaliland presidential election|2017 presidential election]], and officially became the President of Somaliland on 13 December 2017.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/somaliland-ruling-party-candidate-bihi-wins-election/4128446.html|title=Somaliland Ruling Party Candidate Bihi Wins Election|last=Olad|first=Mohamed|work=VOA|access-date=2018-06-10|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://somalilandchronicle.com/2019/11/06/president-bihi-replaces-heads-of-multiple-foreign-missions/|title=PRESIDENT BIHI REPLACES HEADS OF MULTIPLE FOREIGN MISSIONS|website=Somaliland Chronicle|date=6 November 2019 |language=en|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> He lost his reelection bid to [[Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi]] in the [[2024 Somaliland presidential election|2024 presidential election]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Muse Bihi was born in the outskirts of [[Harshin]] in 1948, then part of the [[Ethopai]] protectorate.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2017-11-09|title=Taariikh nololeedka Muse Biixi Cabdi|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/41926837|access-date=2022-01-13|website=BBC News Somali|language=so}}</ref> He attended geed hoosti Secondary School, which he graduated from in 1970 qaaxolgy.<ref name=":1" />
Muse was born in the outskirts of [[Hargeisa]] in 1948, then part of the [[British Somaliland]] protectorate.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2017-11-09|title=Taariikh nololeedka Muse Biixi Cabdi|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/41926837|access-date=2022-01-13|website=BBC News Somali|language=so}}</ref> He attended Amoud Secondary School, which he graduated from in 1970.<ref name=":1" />


==Military career==
==Military career==
⚫
Muse joined the [[Somali Air Force]] in 1970 and trained as an officer in the [[Soviet Union]] until 1973, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree from the Academy of Pilots in [[Dushanbe]], [[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic|Tajik SSR]] (present-day [[Tajikistan]]).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The President|url=https://www.govsomaliland.org/article/president|access-date=2022-01-13|website=Government of Somaliland}}</ref> Upon the completion of the training he was stationed in air bases in [[Baledogle Airfield|Baledogle]], [[Baidoa]] as well as the air force's main base in [[Mogadishu]].<ref name=":1" />


⚫
From 1981 to 1985 Muse received further military training in the [[United States]], including at the [[Wright-Patterson Air Force Base]] near [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]], [[Ohio]] from 1981 to 1982, as well as [[Fort Lee (Virginia)|Fort Lee]] in Virginia from 1983 to 1985.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
⚫
He joined the [[Somali Air Force]] as a photographer in 1970 and trained to be an officer in the Soviet Union until 1973, where he graduated with a undergraduate Diploma from the Academy of air photographer and air Scanner in [[Dushanbe]], modern-day [[Tajikistan]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=The President|url=https://www.govsomalia.org/article/president|access-date=2022-01-13|website=Government of Somalia}}</ref> Upon the completion of the training he was stationed in air bases in [[Baledogle Airfield|Baledogle]], [[Baidoa]] as well as the air force's main base in [[Mogadishu]].<ref name=":1" />
 
⚫
From 1994 to 1997 Muse Bihi received further military training in the Ethopia somali State, including at the [[Geed baaldag and Geed deeble Force Base]] near [[Harshin, shiniil|state]], [[Harshin]] from 1994 to 1997, as well as [[Fort Lee (Qaaxo)|Fort Lee]] in Qaaxofrom 1988 to 1989 .<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
 
In 1991, he defected from the [[Somali Army]] and joined the rebel Somali National Movement ([[somali national movement warlords|SNM]]) that eventually helped to successfully oust the Somali government regime and civil war start at that time continues til today. Many warlords have retired but muse has never give up . during the [[SomaliawarlordWar inof Northern Territory]] in 1991.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/exclusive-interview-with-somaliland-president-muse-bihi-abdi/|title=Exclusive Interview with Somaliland President Muse Bihi Abdi|website=Somaliland Standard|language=en|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2020/02/10/somaliland-president-receives-warm-welcome-in-addis-ababa|title=Somaliland President receives warm welcome in Addis Ababa as Ethiopian Citizens |website=Horn Diplomat|language=en|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
 
⚫
From 1991 to 1999 Bihi took part in conducting intensive guerrilla war to kill civilians in Borama operations conducted by the [[Somali National Movement Warlord |SNM]] during the [[warlordSomaliland War of Independence]] against the civiliansSiad in northernBarre regime. Until 1990, Bihi served as rebel commander before joining politics and serving as home affairs minister under the late President [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal]] in 1994 where he kill around 50000 garxajis men in Hargeysa, Burco and Berners.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/41926837|title=Taariikh nololeedka Muse Biixi Cabdi|website=BBC|language=so|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://intpolicydigest.org/muse-bihi-from-warlord-to-president/|title=Muse Bihi: From 'Warlord' to President|website=International Policy Digest|language=en|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
 


From 1985 to 1988 Bihi took part in conducting intensive guerrilla war operations conducted by the [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] during the [[Somaliland War of Independence]] against the Siad Barre regime. Until 1990, Bihi served as rebel commander before joining politics and serving as home affairs minister under the late President [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal]] in 1994.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/41926837|title=Taariikh nololeedka Muse Biixi Cabdi|website=BBC|language=so|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://intpolicydigest.org/muse-bihi-from-warlord-to-president/|title=Muse Bihi: From 'Warlord' to President|website=International Policy Digest|language=en|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
In 1985, he defected from the Somali Air Force and joined the rebel [[Somali National Movement]] (SNM) that eventually helped to successfully oust the [[Somali Democratic Republic|Siad Barre's regime]] during the [[Somaliland War of Independence]] in 1991.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://somalilandstandard.com/exclusive-interview-with-somaliland-president-muse-bihi-abdi/|title=Exclusive Interview with Somaliland President Muse Bihi Abdi|website=Somaliland Standard|date=26 July 2018 |language=en|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.horndiplomat.com/2020/02/10/somaliland-president-receives-warm-welcome-in-addis-ababa|title=Somaliland President receives warm welcome in Addis Ababa|website=Horn Diplomat|language=en|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>

⚫
From 1985 to 1988, Bihi took part in conducting intensive guerrilla war operations conducted by the [[Somali National Movement|SNM]] during the war against the Barre's regime. Until 1990, Bihi served as rebel commander before joining politics and serving as home affairs minister under the late President [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal]] in 1994.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/41926837|title=Taariikh nololeedka Muse Biixi Cabdi|website=BBC|date=9 November 2017 |language=so|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://intpolicydigest.org/muse-bihi-from-warlord-to-president/|title=Muse Bihi: From 'Warlord' to President|website=International Policy Digest|date=25 January 2016 |language=en|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>


==Political career==
==Political career==
=== Somali Democratic Republic ===
=== Somali Democratic Republic ===
From 1973 to 1985 Muse Bihi held high ranking positions in the government of the Somali Democratic Republic, including the head of the training department of the Somali Air Force as well as the military attaché of the Somali embassy in Washington.<ref name=":2" />
From 1973 to 1985 Muse held high ranking positions in the government of the Somali Democratic Republic, including the head of the training department of the Somali Air Force as well as the military attaché of the Somali embassy in Washington.<ref name=":2" />


===Egal administration===
===Egal administration===
After the rebirth and declaration of Independence of [[Somaliland]] in 1991, Col. Muse Bihi Abdi played a vital role in the reconciliation process of the Somaliland clans in [[Burao]], [[Berbera]], [[Sheekh]] and [[Borama]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Kulmiye Party|title=Murrashax Muuse Biixi: Waraysi 24 Sanno ka hor lagaga qaaday Boorama iyo damaciisii Somaliland|date=2017-09-20|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cReCo1VqFGA|language=so|website=Youtube|access-date=2018-06-10}}</ref>
After the declaration of Independence of [[Somaliland]] in 1991, Col. Muse played a vital role in the reconciliation process between the northern Somali clans in [[Burao]], [[Berbera]], [[Sheekh]] and [[Borama]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Kulmiye Party|title=Murrashax Muuse Biixi: Waraysi 24 Sanno ka hor lagaga qaaday Boorama iyo damaciisii Somaliland|date=2017-09-20|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cReCo1VqFGA|language=so|website=Youtube|access-date=2018-06-10}}</ref>


In 1993, Bihi served as Minister of Interior and National Security in late President [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal]]'s government.{{r|voa}}
In 1993, Muse served as Minister of Interior and National Security in late President [[Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal]]'s government.{{r|voa}}


===Silanyo administration===
===Silanyo administration===
In 2010, Bihi became the chairman of Somaliland's [[Kulmiye]] Party, after serving as the vice chairman of the party from 2008.<ref name=":1" /> In 2015, Bihi was elected by the Party Congress as the Kulmiye presidential candidate in the forthcoming 2017 presidential election.{{r|voa}}
In 2010, Muse became the chairman of Somaliland's [[Kulmiye]] Party, after serving as the vice chairman of the party from 2008.<ref name=":1" /> In 2015, he was elected by the Party Congress as the Kulmiye presidential candidate in the forthcoming 2017 presidential election.{{r|voa}}


{{Muse Bihi Abdi sidebar}}
{{Muse Bihi Abdi sidebar}}


===2017 presidential election===
===2017 presidential election===
[[File:Muse Bihi official portrait 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Official presidential portrait.]]
The [[2017 Somaliland presidential election]]s were held on 13 November 2017. On 21 November Bihi was announced as the winner of the election, becoming President-elect of Somaliland.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unsom.unmissions.org/unsom-congratulates-mr-muse-bihi-abdi-his-election-president-%E2%80%9Csomaliland%E2%80%9D|title=UNSOM CONGRATULATES MR. MUSE BIHI ABDI ON HIS ELECTION AS PRESIDENT OF "SOMALILAND"|website=UNSOM|language=en|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
The [[2017 Somaliland presidential election]]s were held on 13 November 2017. On 21 November Muse was announced as the winner of the election, becoming President-elect of Somaliland.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unsom.unmissions.org/unsom-congratulates-mr-muse-bihi-abdi-his-election-president-%E2%80%9Csomaliland%E2%80%9D|title=UNSOM CONGRATULATES MR. MUSE BIHI ABDI ON HIS ELECTION AS PRESIDENT OF "SOMALILAND"|website=UNSOM|language=en|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>


==Presidency==
==Presidency==
[[File:President Muse Bihi Abdi.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[President of Somaliland|5th President of Somaliland]].]]
[[File:President Muse Bihi Abdi.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|5th President of Somaliland.]]
Muse Bihi Abdi was officially sworn in as the 5th [[President of Somaliland|President of the Republic of Somaliland]] on 13 December 2017 in the capital [[Hargeisa]] with dignitaries from [[Ethiopia]], [[Djibouti]], the [[European Union]] and the [[United Kingdom]] in attendance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanews.com/2017/12/13/somaliland-hailed-as-it-swears-in-new-president/|title=Somaliland hailed as it swears in new president|last=AfricaNews|date=2017-12-13|website=Africanews|language=en|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nazret.com/2019/02/20/abiy-holds-talks-with-president-of-somaliland-administration/|title=Abiy holds talks with President of Somaliland Administration|website=Nazret|language=en|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2019-07-12-00-somaliland-gets-the-red-carpet/|title=Somaliland gets the red carpet|website=Mail & Guardian|language=en|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>
Muse Bihi Abdi was officially sworn in as the 5th [[President of Somaliland|President of the Republic of Somaliland]] on 13 December 2017 in the capital [[Hargeisa]] with dignitaries from [[Ethiopia]], [[Djibouti]], the [[European Union]] and the [[United Kingdom]] in attendance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanews.com/2017/12/13/somaliland-hailed-as-it-swears-in-new-president/|title=Somaliland hailed as it swears in new president|last=AfricaNews|date=2017-12-13|website=Africanews|language=en|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nazret.com/2019/02/20/abiy-holds-talks-with-president-of-somaliland-administration/|title=Abiy holds talks with President of Somaliland Administration|website=Nazret|language=en|access-date=14 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2019-07-12-00-somaliland-gets-the-red-carpet/|title=Somaliland gets the red carpet|website=Mail & Guardian|date=12 July 2019 |language=en|access-date=18 April 2020}}</ref>

In the [[2024 Somaliland presidential election]], Abdi lost his reelection bid to [[Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi]], receiving 35% of the vote to Abdullahi's 64%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Opposition’s Abdullahi wins presidential election in breakaway Somaliland |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/11/19/oppositions-abdullahi-wins-presidential-election-in-breakaway-somaliland |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=19 November 2024 |access-date=19 November 2024}}</ref>


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Muse Bihi has two wives and seven children, three sons and four daughters.<ref name=":1" />
Muse has two wives and seven children, three sons and four daughters.<ref name=":1" />


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:People from Hargeisa]]
[[Category:Presidents of Somaliland]]
[[Category:Somaliland politicians]]

Latest revision as of 08:31, 5 January 2025

This article is about a person whose name includes a patronymic. The article properly refers to the person by their given name, Muse, and not as Bihi Abdi.
His Excellency
Muse Bihi Abdi
Muuse Biixi Cabdi
موسى بيحي عبدي
Muse Bihi in 2022
5th President of Somaliland
In office
13 December 2017 – 12 December 2024
Vice PresidentAbdirahman Saylici
Preceded byAhmed Mohamed Mohamoud
Succeeded byAbdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi
Chairman of Peace, Unity, and Development Party
In office
31 December 2010 – 21 August 2023 [1]
Preceded byAhmed Mohamed Mohamoud
Succeeded byMohamed Kahin Ahmed
Minister of Interior
In office
1993–1995
PresidentMuhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal
Preceded bySuleiman Mohamoud Adan
Succeeded byAhmed Jaambiir Suldan
Personal details
Born1948 (age 76–77)
Hargeisa, British Somaliland
NationalitySomalilander
Political partyPeace, Unity, and Development Party
Spouse(s)Zahra Abdilahi Absia
Roda Ahmed Omar
Children7
Alma materUniversity of Hargeisa
SignatureMuse Bihi Abdi stylized autograph, in ink
Military service
AllegianceSomalia Somali Democratic Republic
(1970–1985)
SNM
(1985–1991)
Branch/service Somali Air Force
Years of service1970–1991
Battles/wars

Musa Bihi Abdi (Somali: Muuse Biixi Cabdi, Arabic: موسى بيحي عبدي; born 16 June 1948)[2] is a Somaliland politician and former military officer who served as the 5th President of Somaliland from 2017 to 2024.

During the 1970s, he served as a pilot in the Somali Air Force under the Siad Barre administration. In 2010, Bihi was appointed the chairman of the ruling Kulmiye party in Somaliland. In November 2015, Bihi was selected as the party's Presidential Candidate at the 5th annual central committee convention.[3][4]

On 21 November 2017 Muse was announced the winner of the 2017 presidential election, and officially became the President of Somaliland on 13 December 2017.[5][6] He lost his reelection bid to Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi in the 2024 presidential election.

Early life

[edit]

Muse was born in the outskirts of Hargeisa in 1948, then part of the British Somaliland protectorate.[7] He attended Amoud Secondary School, which he graduated from in 1970.[7]

Military career

[edit]

Muse joined the Somali Air Force in 1970 and trained as an officer in the Soviet Union until 1973, where he graduated with a bachelor's degree from the Academy of Pilots in Dushanbe, Tajik SSR (present-day Tajikistan).[7][8] Upon the completion of the training he was stationed in air bases in Baledogle, Baidoa as well as the air force's main base in Mogadishu.[7]

From 1981 to 1985 Muse received further military training in the United States, including at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio from 1981 to 1982, as well as Fort Lee in Virginia from 1983 to 1985.[7][8]

In 1985, he defected from the Somali Air Force and joined the rebel Somali National Movement (SNM) that eventually helped to successfully oust the Siad Barre's regime during the Somaliland War of Independence in 1991.[5][9][10]

From 1985 to 1988, Bihi took part in conducting intensive guerrilla war operations conducted by the SNM during the war against the Barre's regime. Until 1990, Bihi served as rebel commander before joining politics and serving as home affairs minister under the late President Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal in 1994.[5][11][12]

Political career

[edit]

Somali Democratic Republic

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From 1973 to 1985 Muse held high ranking positions in the government of the Somali Democratic Republic, including the head of the training department of the Somali Air Force as well as the military attaché of the Somali embassy in Washington.[8]

Egal administration

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After the declaration of Independence of Somaliland in 1991, Col. Muse played a vital role in the reconciliation process between the northern Somali clans in Burao, Berbera, Sheekh and Borama.[13]

In 1993, Muse served as Minister of Interior and National Security in late President Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal's government.[2]

Silanyo administration

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In 2010, Muse became the chairman of Somaliland's Kulmiye Party, after serving as the vice chairman of the party from 2008.[7] In 2015, he was elected by the Party Congress as the Kulmiye presidential candidate in the forthcoming 2017 presidential election.[2]

This article is part of
a series about
Muse Bihi Abdi

President of Somaliland

2017-2024

Government

2017 presidential election

[edit]
Official presidential portrait.

The 2017 Somaliland presidential elections were held on 13 November 2017. On 21 November Muse was announced as the winner of the election, becoming President-elect of Somaliland.[5][14]

Presidency

[edit]
5th President of Somaliland.

Muse Bihi Abdi was officially sworn in as the 5th President of the Republic of Somaliland on 13 December 2017 in the capital Hargeisa with dignitaries from Ethiopia, Djibouti, the European Union and the United Kingdom in attendance.[15][16][17]

In the 2024 Somaliland presidential election, Abdi lost his reelection bid to Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, receiving 35% of the vote to Abdullahi's 64%.[18]

Personal life

[edit]

Muse has two wives and seven children, three sons and four daughters.[7]

References

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  1. ^ "Burco: Xiabiga Kulmiye oo mar kale musharax Madaxweyne u doortey Biixi". 21 August 2023.
  2. ^ a b c Olad, Mohamed (21 November 2017). "Somaliland Ruling Party Candidate Bihi Wins Election". Voanews.com. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  3. ^ "Somalia: Wrangle splits Somaliland Ruling Party as President Siilaanyo seeks re-election". allafrica.com. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
  4. ^ "Muse Bihi and Saylici Elected as Kulmiye's Presidential Candidate". galgalanews.com. 11 November 2015. Archived from the original on 28 January 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  5. ^ a b c d Olad, Mohamed. "Somaliland Ruling Party Candidate Bihi Wins Election". VOA. Retrieved 2018-06-10.
  6. ^ "PRESIDENT BIHI REPLACES HEADS OF MULTIPLE FOREIGN MISSIONS". Somaliland Chronicle. 6 November 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g "Taariikh nololeedka Muse Biixi Cabdi". BBC News Somali (in Somali). 2017-11-09. Retrieved 2022-01-13.
  8. ^ a b c "The President". Government of Somaliland. Retrieved 2022-01-13.
  9. ^ "Exclusive Interview with Somaliland President Muse Bihi Abdi". Somaliland Standard. 26 July 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  10. ^ "Somaliland President receives warm welcome in Addis Ababa". Horn Diplomat. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  11. ^ "Taariikh nololeedka Muse Biixi Cabdi". BBC (in Somali). 9 November 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  12. ^ "Muse Bihi: From 'Warlord' to President". International Policy Digest. 25 January 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  13. ^ Kulmiye Party (2017-09-20), "Murrashax Muuse Biixi: Waraysi 24 Sanno ka hor lagaga qaaday Boorama iyo damaciisii Somaliland", Youtube (in Somali), retrieved 2018-06-10
  14. ^ "UNSOM CONGRATULATES MR. MUSE BIHI ABDI ON HIS ELECTION AS PRESIDENT OF "SOMALILAND"". UNSOM. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  15. ^ AfricaNews (2017-12-13). "Somaliland hailed as it swears in new president". Africanews. Retrieved 2019-05-08.
  16. ^ "Abiy holds talks with President of Somaliland Administration". Nazret. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
  17. ^ "Somaliland gets the red carpet". Mail & Guardian. 12 July 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  18. ^ "Opposition's Abdullahi wins presidential election in breakaway Somaliland". Al Jazeera. 19 November 2024. Retrieved 19 November 2024.
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