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| weight_lb = 180
| weight_lb = 180
| birth_date = {{birth date|1883|12|31|mf=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1883|12|31|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Drummondville, Quebec|Drummondville]], [[Quebec]], Canada
| birth_place = [[Drummondville]], Quebec, Canada
| death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1960|6|1|1883|12|30}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1960|6|1|1883|12|30}}
| death_place = [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]], [[British Columbia]], Canada
| death_place = [[Victoria, British Columbia]], Canada
| played_for = [[New York Rangers]] <br>[[Victoria Cougars]] <br>[[Victoria Aristocrats]] <br>[[Seattle Metropolitans]] <br>[[Spokane Canaries]] <br>[[Renfrew Creamery Kings]] <br>[[Edmonton Eskimos (ice hockey)|Edmonton Pros]] <br>[[Montreal Wanderers]] <br>[[Brandon Wheat City Hockey Club|Brandon Wheat City]]
| played_for = [[New York Rangers]] <br>[[Victoria Cougars]] <br>[[Victoria Aristocrats]] <br>[[Seattle Metropolitans]] <br>[[Spokane Canaries]] <br>[[Renfrew Creamery Kings]] <br>[[Edmonton Eskimos (ice hockey)|Edmonton Pros]] <br>[[Montreal Wanderers]] <br>[[Brandon Wheat City Hockey Club|Brandon Wheat City]]
| career_start = 1904
| career_start = 1904
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In 1911 the brothers formed the PCHA, and Patrick owned, managed, coached, and played for the Victoria team. He led the team to a Cup challenge in 1914, and aside from one season with the [[Seattle Metropolitans]] in 1917–18 he was with the team until the league was sold off in 1926. While with Victoria he won the Cup again in [[1925 Stanley Cup Finals|1925]], the last team outside the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) to do so. Along with Frank, Patrick would introduce many innovations in the PCHA that remain in hockey today, including the [[blue line (ice hockey)|blue line]], the [[penalty shot (ice hockey)|penalty shot]], and tracking [[assist (ice hockey)|assists]], among others.
In 1911 the brothers formed the PCHA, and Patrick owned, managed, coached, and played for the Victoria team. He led the team to a Cup challenge in 1914, and aside from one season with the [[Seattle Metropolitans]] in 1917–18 he was with the team until the league was sold off in 1926. While with Victoria he won the Cup again in [[1925 Stanley Cup Finals|1925]], the last team outside the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) to do so. Along with Frank, Patrick would introduce many innovations in the PCHA that remain in hockey today, including the [[blue line (ice hockey)|blue line]], the [[penalty shot (ice hockey)|penalty shot]], and tracking [[assist (ice hockey)|assists]], among others.


When the WHL, as the PCHA had been renamed in 1924, was sold to the NHL in 1926, Patrick was hired by the expansion New York Rangers to be their coach and manager. He led the team to Stanley Cup wins in [[1928 Stanley Cup Finals|1928]] and [[1933 Stanley Cup Finals|1933]], along with three further Finals appearances. He resigned as coach in 1939 though remained as manager, winning the Cup in that role again in [[1940 Stanley Cup Finals|1940]], before resigning from that role in 1946.
When the WHL, as the PCHA had been renamed in 1924, was sold to the NHL in 1926, Patrick was hired by the expansion New York Rangers to be their coach and manager. He led the team to Stanley Cup wins in [[1928 Stanley Cup Finals|1928]] and [[1933 Stanley Cup Finals|1933]], along with three further Finals appearances. He resigned as coach in 1939 though remained as manager, winning the Cup in that role again in [[1940 Stanley Cup Finals|1940]], before resigning from that role in 1946.


Patrick's sons [[Lynn Patrick|Lynn]] and [[Muzz Patrick|Muzz]] both played for him on the Rangers, and his grandsons [[Craig Patrick|Craig]] and [[Glenn Patrick|Glenn]] also played in the NHL. Lynn, Muzz, and Craig all later coached and served as general managers in the NHL as well, while another grandson, [[Dick Patrick|Dick]] is an executive and part-owner of the [[Washington Capitals]]. Patrick's contributions to hockey were recognized with his induction into the [[Hockey Hall of Fame]] in 1947, and he is also the namesake of the NHL's [[Lester Patrick Trophy]], awarded for outstanding contributions to hockey in the United States, and the [[Patrick Division]], which existed in the NHL from 1974 to 1993.
Patrick's sons [[Lynn Patrick|Lynn]] and [[Muzz Patrick|Muzz]] both played for him on the Rangers, and his grandsons [[Craig Patrick|Craig]] and [[Glenn Patrick|Glenn]] also played in the NHL. Lynn, Muzz, and Craig all later coached and served as general managers in the NHL as well, while another grandson, [[Dick Patrick|Dick]] is an executive and part-owner of the [[Washington Capitals]]; in 2024, great-grandson [[Chris Patrick (ice hockey)|Chris]] was named general manager of the Capitals. Patrick's contributions to hockey were recognized with his induction into the [[Hockey Hall of Fame]] in 1947, and he is also the namesake of the NHL's [[Lester Patrick Trophy]], awarded for outstanding contributions to hockey in the United States, and the [[Patrick Division]], which existed in the NHL from 1974 to 1993.


==Early life and career==
==Early life and career==
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On his way back to Montreal, Patrick stopped in [[Brandon, Manitoba]]. He had friends there playing hockey, and was offered spot with the team for $25 per month to cover expenses. He played as [[defenceman|cover-point]]{{efn|Point and cover-point were early versions of [[defenceman (ice hockey)|defencemen]], and were not expected to contribute much to offensive actions.<ref>{{harvnb|Hardy|Holman|2018|p=130}}</ref>}} for the season. While points and cover-points were not expected to contribute much to offensive actions, Patrick tried to carry the puck up the ice during a game, scoring a goal.<ref name="Whitehead 24">{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=24}}</ref> While the club questioned his motive, he argued that it was successful, and the fans enjoyed it, so was allowed to keep doing so.<ref>{{harvnb|Fischler|1976|p=9}}</ref> He also advocated for the two defenders to line up side-by-side, rather than one in front of the other as had been the standard since the beginning of hockey; this change was adopted by the team and soon widely adopted in hockey.<ref>{{harvnb|Fischler|1976|pp=9–10}}</ref> Brandon challenged the [[Ottawa Senators (original)|Ottawa Senators]] for the [[Stanley Cup]] in that season, but were defeated in the two-game, total-goal series. After the season Patrick returned to Montreal, arriving by March 1904.<ref name="Whitehead 24"/>
On his way back to Montreal, Patrick stopped in [[Brandon, Manitoba]]. He had friends there playing hockey, and was offered spot with the team for $25 per month to cover expenses. He played as [[defenceman|cover-point]]{{efn|Point and cover-point were early versions of [[defenceman (ice hockey)|defencemen]], and were not expected to contribute much to offensive actions.<ref>{{harvnb|Hardy|Holman|2018|p=130}}</ref>}} for the season. While points and cover-points were not expected to contribute much to offensive actions, Patrick tried to carry the puck up the ice during a game, scoring a goal.<ref name="Whitehead 24">{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=24}}</ref> While the club questioned his motive, he argued that it was successful, and the fans enjoyed it, so was allowed to keep doing so.<ref>{{harvnb|Fischler|1976|p=9}}</ref> He also advocated for the two defenders to line up side-by-side, rather than one in front of the other as had been the standard since the beginning of hockey; this change was adopted by the team and soon widely adopted in hockey.<ref>{{harvnb|Fischler|1976|pp=9–10}}</ref> Brandon challenged the [[Ottawa Senators (original)|Ottawa Senators]] for the [[Stanley Cup]] in that season, but were defeated in the two-game, total-goal series. After the season Patrick returned to Montreal, arriving by March 1904.<ref name="Whitehead 24"/>


[[Image:Lester Patrick, Nelson Hockey Club.jpg|right|thumb|Patrick with the Nelson Hockey Club in 1909.]]
[[Image:Lester Patrick, Nelson Hockey Club.jpg|right|thumb|Patrick with the Nelson Hockey Club in 1909]]
Patrick played the [[1905 CAHL season|1904–05 season]] with [[Montreal Westmount]] in the [[Canadian Amateur Hockey League]] (CAHL), then the top level league in Canadian hockey.<ref>{{harvnb|Coleman|1964|p=102}}</ref> In eight games Patrick had four goals.<ref name="Coleman 634">{{harvnb|Coleman|1964|p=634}}</ref> While back from school during a break in [[1905 CAHL season|1905]], Frank briefly joined the [[Montreal Westmount]] club and played two games; this marked the first time the brothers played together. Preoccupied with work commitments for his father, Patrick frequently missed team workouts and the team did not perform very well.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=26}}</ref> The CAHL was disbanded prior to the start of the [[1906 ECAHA season|1905–06 season]] and replaced by a new league, the [[Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association]] (ECAHA).<ref>{{harvnb|Wong|2005|pp=38–39}}</ref> Patrick joined the [[Montreal Wanderers]], who were admitted to the new league, scoring 17 goals in nine games for them.<ref>{{harvnb|Coleman|1964|pp=634–635}}</ref> The Wanderers finished in a tie with Ottawa for first in the league, leading to a two game, total goal playoff was played for the league championship. The Wanders won the series 12 goals to 10, with Patrick scoring the final two goals in the last minutes of the second game, and were thus also awarded the Stanley Cup.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=297}}</ref> The [[1907 ECAHA season|following season]] the Wanderers again finished first in the ECAHA, though lost the Cup in a challenge against the [[Kenora Thistles]], champions of the [[Manitoba Hockey Association]], in January 1907. In a rematch series in March 1907 the Wanderers defeated Kenora to again win the Cup.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|pp=294–295}}</ref> Patrick had scored 11 goals in nine regular season games, and a further 10 goals in six Cup challenge games.<ref name="Coleman 634"/>
Patrick played the [[1905 CAHL season|1904–05 season]] with [[Montreal Westmount]] in the [[Canadian Amateur Hockey League]] (CAHL), then the top level league in Canadian hockey.<ref>{{harvnb|Coleman|1964|p=102}}</ref> In eight games Patrick had four goals.<ref name="Coleman 634">{{harvnb|Coleman|1964|p=634}}</ref> While back from school during a break in [[1905 CAHL season|1905]], Frank briefly joined the [[Montreal Westmount]] club and played two games; this marked the first time the brothers played together. Preoccupied with work commitments for his father, Patrick frequently missed team workouts and the team did not perform very well.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=26}}</ref> The CAHL was disbanded prior to the start of the [[1906 ECAHA season|1905–06 season]] and replaced by a new league, the [[Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association]] (ECAHA).<ref>{{harvnb|Wong|2005|pp=38–39}}</ref> Patrick joined the [[Montreal Wanderers]], who were admitted to the new league, scoring 17 goals in nine games for them.<ref>{{harvnb|Coleman|1964|pp=634–635}}</ref> The Wanderers finished in a tie with Ottawa for first in the league, leading to a two game, total goal playoff was played for the league championship. The Wanders won the series 12 goals to 10, with Patrick scoring the final two goals in the last minutes of the second game, and were thus also awarded the Stanley Cup.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=297}}</ref> The [[1907 ECAHA season|following season]] the Wanderers again finished first in the ECAHA, though lost the Cup in a challenge against the [[Kenora Thistles]], champions of the [[Manitoba Hockey Association]], in January 1907. In a rematch series in March 1907 the Wanderers defeated Kenora to again win the Cup.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|pp=294–295}}</ref> Patrick had scored 11 goals in nine regular season games, and a further 10 goals in six Cup challenge games.<ref name="Coleman 634"/>


In 1907 Joe purchased a tract of land in the [[Slocan Valley]] in southeastern [[British Columbia]] (BC), and moved the family west to [[Nelson, British Columbia]], a town near the land, to start a new lumber company there. Frank remained in Montreal to complete his studies, as he had one year remaining.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=39}}</ref> In Nelson Patrick played for a local hockey team, scoring 22 goals in 6 games during the 1908–09 season.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=4}}</ref>
In 1907 Joe purchased a tract of land in the [[Slocan Valley]] in southeastern [[British Columbia]] (BC), and moved the family west to [[Nelson, British Columbia]], a town near the land, to start a new lumber company there. Frank remained in Montreal to complete his studies, as he had one year remaining.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=39}}</ref> In Nelson Patrick played for a local hockey team, scoring 22 goals in 6 games during the 1908–09 season.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=4}}</ref>


During the season Patrick also accepted an offer to join the [[Edmonton Hockey Club]] of the [[Alberta Amateur Hockey Association]] for their upcoming Cup challenge against his former team, the Wanderers. The team had signed several high-profile players from Eastern Canada to play for the team in the challenge; only two players on the team were from Edmonton, with the rest coming from the east.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|1992|p=74}}</ref> Patrick and [[Tommy Phillips]], who had played for Kenora, never even reached Edmonton; they met their team in [[Winnipeg]] on its way east for the Cup challenge.<ref name="Jenish 75">{{harvnb|Jenish|1992|p=75}}</ref> Edmonton lost the two game, total-goal series 14–9, with Patrick scoring one goal.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=47}}</ref> While other players were paid several hundred dollars for the series,{{efn|Phillips, who broke his ankle in the first game and sat out the second, was paid $600.<ref name="Jenish 75"/>}} Patrick was given $100 for expenses. In a story he told years later, Patrick noted that after informing his father he only spent $62, he was ordered to reimburse the Edmonton club the remaining $38; Patrick would claim this "must have been the first and last time in history that a hockey player ever returned any part of his expense money."<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=48}}</ref>
During the season Patrick also accepted an offer to join the [[Edmonton Hockey Club]] of the [[Alberta Amateur Hockey Association]] for their upcoming Cup challenge against his former team, the Wanderers. The team had signed several high-profile players from Eastern Canada to play for the team in the challenge; only two players on the team were from Edmonton, with the rest coming from the east.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|1992|p=74}}</ref> Patrick and [[Tommy Phillips]], who had played for Kenora, never even reached Edmonton; they met their team in [[Winnipeg]] on its way east for the Cup challenge.<ref name="Jenish 75">{{harvnb|Jenish|1992|p=75}}</ref> Edmonton lost the two game, total-goal series 14–9, with Patrick scoring one goal.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=47}}</ref> While other players were paid several hundred dollars for the series,{{efn|Phillips, who broke his ankle in the first game and sat out the second, was paid $600.<ref name="Jenish 75"/>}} Patrick was given $100 for expenses. In a story he told years later, Patrick noted that after informing his father he only spent $62, he was ordered to reimburse the Edmonton club the remaining $38; Patrick would claim this "must have been the first and last time in history that a hockey player ever returned any part of his expense money."<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=48}}</ref>
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The following year a new top-level league, the [[National Hockey Association]] (NHA), was established; unlike the ECHA,{{efn|The ECAHA renamed itself the ECHA in 1908, dropping the word "Amateur".<ref>{{harvnb|Kitchen|2008|pp=160–161}}</ref>}} the NHA was openly professional.<ref>{{harvnb|McKinley|2000|p=73}}</ref> Several teams began to send offers to both Patrick brothers, who had decided to return east for the winter and play hockey there. Among the teams making offers were the [[Renfrew Creamery Kings]], owned by [[J. Ambrose O'Brien]], a wealthy mining magnate, and when Patrick received the offer he replied saying he would join the team for $3,000, an exorbitant salary for the era. Surprised by the offer, Patrick asked for his brother Frank as well, and Frank was offered $2,000 to join the team.<ref>{{harvnb|Cosentino|1990|p=56}}</ref>
The following year a new top-level league, the [[National Hockey Association]] (NHA), was established; unlike the ECHA,{{efn|The ECAHA renamed itself the ECHA in 1908, dropping the word "Amateur".<ref>{{harvnb|Kitchen|2008|pp=160–161}}</ref>}} the NHA was openly professional.<ref>{{harvnb|McKinley|2000|p=73}}</ref> Several teams began to send offers to both Patrick brothers, who had decided to return east for the winter and play hockey there. Among the teams making offers were the [[Renfrew Creamery Kings]], owned by [[J. Ambrose O'Brien]], a wealthy mining magnate, and when Patrick received the offer he replied saying he would join the team for $3,000, an exorbitant salary for the era. Surprised by the offer, Patrick asked for his brother Frank as well, and Frank was offered $2,000 to join the team.<ref>{{harvnb|Cosentino|1990|p=56}}</ref>


Along with other high-profile players, most famously [[Cyclone Taylor]], who signed for a reported $5,250,{{efn|The figure $5,250 comes from Whitehead's biography of Taylor. However Cosentino has suggested the base salary was closer to $2,000, with the rest coming from a guaranteed salary outside of hockey and a bond to ensure he would sign. Regardless, Taylor had the highest salary in hockey history. See {{harvnb|Whitehead|1977|pp=105–106}} and {{harvnb|Cosentino|1990|p=73}}.}} the team was nicknamed the "Millionaires".<ref>{{harvnb|Kitchen|2008|p=165}}</ref> Along with several teammates, the Patricks lived in a boarding house in Renfrew during the season, and players were often seen together about town.<ref>{{harvnb|Cosentino|1990|p=76}}</ref> Patrick was the more out-spoken of the brothers, with Frank being quite and reserved, though his demeanor changed when the topic of hockey came up. He became quite lively and was open about his ideas on how to improve the game, and what type of tactics could be used.<ref>{{harvnb|Cosentino|1990|pp=76–77}}</ref> Taylor would later recall he was quite impressed by the brothers knowledge and views, stating that "Frank in particular had an amazing grasp of the science of hockey, and they were both already dreaming about changes that would improve the game".<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1977|p=110}}</ref>
Along with other high-profile players, most famously [[Cyclone Taylor]], who signed for a reported $5,250,{{efn|The figure $5,250 comes from Whitehead's biography of Taylor. However Cosentino has suggested the base salary was closer to $2,000, with the rest coming from a guaranteed salary outside of hockey and a bond to ensure he would sign. Regardless, Taylor had the highest salary in hockey history. See {{harvnb|Whitehead|1977|pp=105–106}} and {{harvnb|Cosentino|1990|p=73}}.}} the team was nicknamed the "Millionaires".<ref>{{harvnb|Kitchen|2008|p=165}}</ref> Along with several teammates, the Patricks lived in a boarding house in Renfrew during the season, and players were often seen together about town.<ref>{{harvnb|Cosentino|1990|p=76}}</ref> Patrick was the more out-spoken of the brothers, with Frank being quiet and reserved, though his demeanor changed when the topic of hockey came up. He became quite lively and was open about his ideas on how to improve the game, and what type of tactics could be used.<ref>{{harvnb|Cosentino|1990|pp=76–77}}</ref> Taylor would later recall he was quite impressed by the brothers knowledge and views, stating that "Frank in particular had an amazing grasp of the science of hockey, and they were both already dreaming about changes that would improve the game".<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1977|p=110}}</ref>


==Pacific Coast Hockey Association==
==Pacific Coast Hockey Association==
Joe sold his lumber company in January 1911, making a profit of around $440,000, of which he gave both Lester and Frank $25,000. In a separate transaction Joe also sold a private interest he had, earning a further $35,000.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=92–93}}</ref> With this money Joe solicited ideas from his family on what to invest in, and Frank suggested they establish their own hockey league, one based in BC and that they controlled. It was put to a vote, with both Joe and Frank voting in favour and Lester against, so they agreed to move forward, and the family moved to [[Victoria, British Columbia]].<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=93–95}}</ref> They incorporated the new league, the [[Pacific Coast Hockey Association]] (PCHA), on December 7, 1911.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|p=15}}</ref>
Joe sold his lumber company in January 1911, making a profit of around $440,000, of which he gave both Lester and Frank $25,000. In a separate transaction Joe also sold a private interest he had, earning a further $35,000.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=92–93}}</ref> With this money Joe solicited ideas from his family on what to invest in, and Frank suggested they establish their own hockey league, one based in BC and that they controlled. It was put to a vote, with both Joe and Frank voting in favour and Lester against, so they agreed to move forward, and the family moved to [[Victoria, British Columbia]].<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=93–95}}</ref> They incorporated the new league, the [[Pacific Coast Hockey Association]] (PCHA), on December 7, 1911.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|p=15}}</ref>


The initial plan was to place teams in large cities in Western Canada, with one each in [[Vancouver]] and Victoria (both in BC), and one in [[Edmonton]] and [[Calgary]] (both in [[Alberta]]). Issues in finding support for the Alberta-based teams meant that the new league would only be based in BC initially.<ref>{{harvnb|Wong|2018|p=679}}</ref> The mild weather on the West Coast meant that unlike Central and Eastern Canada natural ice could not be used for games, and so the Patrick family built two arenas: the [[Denman Arena]] in Vancouver and the [[Patrick Arena]] in Victoria.<ref>{{harvnb|Wong|2018|pp=679–680}}</ref> While the arenas were being built Patrick went east to recruit players, offering up to twice the salary they were making in the NHA to join the new league, and was able to recruit several high-profile names.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=10–13}}</ref> Patrick managed and played for the [[Victoria Cougars|Victoria team]],<ref name="Wong 64">{{harvnb|Wong|2005|p=64}}</ref>{{efn|The Victoria team would be known variously as the "Capitals", "Aristocrats", and "Cougars" during its existence.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|pp=18, 65, 169}}</ref>}} while Frank would do the same for the [[Vancouver Millionaires|Vancouver team]].{{efn|The team would later be known as the "Millionaires".<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=18–19}}</ref>}} Patrick played all 16 games for the team in the inaugural [[1912 PCHA season|1912 season]], finishing tied for third on the team in scoring with 10 goals.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=11}}</ref> At a height of {{height|ft=6|in=1}} and weight of {{convert|180|lb|kg}} Patrick was larger than many other hockey players of the era, and historian Alan Livingstone MacLeod notes that in team photos Patrick was "at least half a head taller than the other players".<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=21}}</ref>
The initial plan was to place teams in large cities in Western Canada, with one each in [[Vancouver]] and Victoria (both in BC), and one in [[Edmonton]] and [[Calgary]] (both in [[Alberta]]). Issues in finding support for the Alberta-based teams meant that the new league would only be based in BC initially.<ref>{{harvnb|Wong|2018|p=679}}</ref> The mild weather on the West Coast meant that unlike Central and Eastern Canada natural ice could not be used for games, and so the Patrick family built two arenas: the [[Denman Arena]] in Vancouver and the [[Patrick Arena]] in Victoria.<ref>{{harvnb|Wong|2018|pp=679–680}}</ref> While the arenas were being built Patrick went east to recruit players, offering up to twice the salary they were making in the NHA to join the new league, and was able to recruit several high-profile names.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=10–13}}</ref> Patrick managed and played for the [[Victoria Cougars|Victoria team]],<ref name="Wong 64">{{harvnb|Wong|2005|p=64}}</ref>{{efn|The Victoria team would be known variously as the "Capitals", "Aristocrats", and "Cougars" during its existence.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|pp=18, 65, 169}}</ref>}} while Frank would do the same for the [[Vancouver Millionaires|Vancouver team]].{{efn|The team would later be known as the "Millionaires".<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=18–19}}</ref>}} Patrick played all 16 games for the team in the inaugural [[1912 PCHA season|1912 season]], finishing tied for third on the team in scoring with 10 goals.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=11}}</ref> At a height of {{height|ft=6|in=1}} and weight of {{convert|180|lb|kg}} Patrick was larger than many other hockey players of the era, and historian Alan Livingstone MacLeod notes that in team photos Patrick was "at least half a head taller than the other players".<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=21}}</ref>


Buoyed by an influx of players from the east (16 of the 23 players in the PCHA's first season had played in the NHA previously), the league did well and demonstrated early it could be a serious challenger to the supremacy of the NHA.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=22}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=29–30}}</ref>
Buoyed by an influx of players from the east (16 of the 23 players in the PCHA's first season had played in the NHA previously), the league did well and demonstrated early it could be a serious challenger to the supremacy of the NHA.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=22}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=29–30}}</ref>


[[File:Patrick Arena Victoria BC.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Patrick Arena]] in 1912. It was built and owned by the Patrick family, it hosted three games of the [[1925 Stanley Cup Finals]]. It burned down in 1929.]]
[[File:Patrick Arena Victoria BC.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Patrick Arena]] in 1912. It was built and owned by the Patrick family, it hosted three games of the [[1925 Stanley Cup Finals]]. It burned down in 1929.]]
Prior to the start of the [[1913–14 PCHA season|1913–14]] Patrick broke a bone in his left arm, keeping him from playing until mid-way through the season, though he continued to serve as coach.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=58–59}}</ref> Victoria started the season badly, but with Patrick returning they finished strong and won the league championship, with 10 wins in 16 games. Patrick played eight of the games, and had ten points.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=59–60}}</ref> With a new agreement reached between the PCHA and NA, Victoria played the NHA champions, the [[Toronto Blueshirts]], for the Cup. The teams played a best-of-five series, which Toronto won 3 games to 0.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=281}}</ref> Patrick played all three games and had two goals.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|p=65}}</ref>
Prior to the start of the [[1913–14 PCHA season|1913–14]] Patrick broke a bone in his left arm, keeping him from playing until mid-way through the season, though he continued to serve as coach.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=58–59}}</ref> Victoria started the season badly, but with Patrick returning they finished strong and won the league championship, with 10 wins in 16 games. Patrick played eight of the games, and had ten points.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|pp=59–60}}</ref> With a new agreement reached between the PCHA and NA, Victoria played the NHA champions, the [[Toronto Blueshirts]], for the Cup. The teams played a best-of-five series, which Toronto won 3 games to 0.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=281}}</ref> Patrick played all three games and had two goals.<ref>{{harvnb|Bowlsby|2012|p=65}}</ref>


In January 1916 the Victoria Arena was commandeered by the Canadian military for use as a training facility for new recruits.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=73}}</ref> Prior to the [[1916–17 PCHA season|1916–17]] Patrick moved his team from Victoria to [[Spokane, Washington]], where they were renamed the [[Spokane Canaries]]. The reason for the move is not clear, though MacLeod speculates that Patrick thought the military may allow the team to continue to use it, which was not to be the case.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=78–79}}</ref> After that season the Canaries were disbanded, and Patrick joined the Stanley Cup champion [[Seattle Metropolitans]].<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=97}}</ref>
In January 1916 the Victoria Arena was commandeered by the Canadian military for use as a training facility for new recruits.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=73}}</ref> Prior to the [[1916–17 PCHA season|1916–17]] Patrick moved his team from Victoria to [[Spokane, Washington]], where they were renamed the [[Spokane Canaries]]. The reason for the move is not clear, though MacLeod speculates that Patrick thought the military may allow the team to continue to use it, which was not to be the case.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|pp=78–79}}</ref> After that season the Canaries were disbanded, and Patrick joined the Stanley Cup champion [[Seattle Metropolitans]].<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=97}}</ref>


⚫
The Aristocrats were revived in 1918 as the [[Victoria Cougars]], and Patrick took over as player-manager. Despite playing in only about half the games, he retired as a player after the 1922 season. Remaining with the Cougars as head coach, Patrick became the last non-NHL coach to win the [[Stanley Cup]] [[1925 Stanley Cup Finals|in 1925]].<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=255}}</ref>
⚫
Patrick and his brother Frank invented 22 new rules that remain in the NHL rulebook to this day. They introduced the blue line, the forward pass, and the playoff system, a change adopted by other leagues and sports around the world. After a suggestion by their father Joe, they began using numbers on players' sweaters and in programs to help fans identify the skaters. A new rule allowed the puck to be kicked everywhere but into the net, and allowed goaltenders to fall to the ice to make a save. They were responsible for crediting assists when a goal was scored, and invented the penalty shot.

⚫
The Aristocrats were revived in 1918 as the [[Victoria Cougars]], and Patrick took over as player-manager. Despite playing in only about half the games, he retired as a player after the 1922 season. Remaining with the Cougars as head coach, Patrick became the last non-NHL coach to win the [[Stanley Cup]] [[1925 Stanley Cup Finals|in 1925]].


In January 1926 Patrick returned to the ice for the Cougars in an effort to help the team, which was playing poorly.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=228}}</ref>
In January 1926 Patrick returned to the ice for the Cougars in an effort to help the team, which was playing poorly.<ref>{{harvnb|MacLeod|2021|p=228}}</ref>


==New York Rangers==
==New York Rangers==
[[Image:Lpatrick.jpg|thumb|left|Lester Patrick serving as goaltender during the [[1928 Stanley Cup Finals]].]]
[[Image:Lpatrick.jpg|thumb|left|Lester Patrick serving as goaltender during the [[1928 Stanley Cup Finals]]]]
By the early 1920s the PCHA was losing money. Seattle folded in 1924, and with only two teams left (Vancouver and Victoria), the Patricks decided to merge with the [[Western Canada Hockey League]], which was renamed the Western Hockey League (WHL).<ref>{{harvnb|Ross|2015|p=133}}</ref> The WHL continued for two seasons until 1926, though with continued financial difficulties and expansion plans by the NHL (which would add three teams between 1924 and 1926, growing to ten teams overall) it was clear the league would not be sustainable.<ref>{{harvnb|Wong|2005|pp=95–96}}</ref> With the consent of five of the six WHL teams{{efn|Saskatoon had an agreement to sell its players to the [[Montreal Maroons]].<ref name="Whitehead 152">{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=152}}</ref>}} Frank met with the NHL and offered to sell the rights to WHL players to the league for a lump sum, allowing the NHL to quickly stock the expansion teams being set up.<ref name="Whitehead 152"/> This was agreed to, and for $100,000 the Victoria team was transferred to Detroit, (who named themselves the [[Detroit Red Wings|Detroit Cougars]] in recognition).{{efn|They would later be renamed the Falcons, and finally Red Wings.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2013|pp=68–73}}</ref>}}<ref>{{harvnb|Holzman|Nieforth|2002|p=268}}</ref> The Chicago team, later named the [[Chicago Blackhawks|Black Hawks]], also paid $100,000 for players, receiving the [[Portland Rosebuds (ice hockey)|Portland Rosebuds]].<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2013|pp=48–49}}</ref> The [[Boston Bruins]], whose owner [[Charles Adams (ice hockey)|Charles Adams]] and manager Art Ross had helped facilitate the sale, also purchased select players, paying a total of $17,000, netting the WHL owners a total of $267,000.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2015|pp=182–183}}</ref>
By the early 1920s the PCHA was losing money. Seattle folded in 1924, and with only two teams left (Vancouver and Victoria), the Patricks decided to merge with the [[Western Canada Hockey League]], which was renamed the Western Hockey League (WHL).<ref>{{harvnb|Ross|2015|p=133}}</ref> The WHL continued for two seasons until 1926, though with continued financial difficulties and expansion plans by the NHL (which would add three teams between 1924 and 1926, growing to ten teams overall) it was clear the league would not be sustainable.<ref>{{harvnb|Wong|2005|pp=95–96}}</ref> With the consent of five of the six WHL teams{{efn|Saskatoon had an agreement to sell its players to the [[Montreal Maroons]].<ref name="Whitehead 152">{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=152}}</ref>}} Frank met with the NHL and offered to sell the rights to WHL players to the league for a lump sum, allowing the NHL to quickly stock the expansion teams being set up.<ref name="Whitehead 152"/> This was agreed to, and for $100,000 the Victoria team was transferred to Detroit, (who named themselves the [[Detroit Red Wings|Detroit Cougars]] in recognition).{{efn|They would later be renamed the Falcons, and finally Red Wings.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2013|pp=68–73}}</ref>}}<ref>{{harvnb|Holzman|Nieforth|2002|p=268}}</ref> The Chicago team, later named the [[Chicago Blackhawks|Black Hawks]], also paid $100,000 for players, receiving the [[Portland Rosebuds (ice hockey)|Portland Rosebuds]].<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2013|pp=48–49}}</ref> The [[Boston Bruins]], whose owner [[Charles Adams (ice hockey)|Charles Adams]] and manager Art Ross had helped facilitate the sale, also purchased select players, paying a total of $17,000, netting the WHL owners a total of $267,000.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2015|pp=182–183}}</ref>


In October 1926 Patrick was offered the position of coach with the [[New York Rangers]], another expansion team in the NHL.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=160}}</ref> Shortly after he was also named the team's general manager, replacing [[Conn Smythe]].<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=162–163}}</ref> He played one regular season game for the Rangers, on March 20, 1927, serving as a substitute defenceman against the [[New York Americans]].{{Sfn|The Montreal Gazette|1927|p=16}}
In October 1926 Patrick was offered the position of coach with the [[New York Rangers]], another expansion team in the NHL.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=160}}</ref> Shortly after he was also named the team's general manager, replacing [[Conn Smythe]].<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=162–163}}</ref> He played one regular season game for the Rangers, on March 20, 1927, serving as a substitute defenceman against the [[New York Americans]].{{Sfn|The Montreal Gazette|1927|p=16}}


He is famous for an incident which occurred on April 7, 1928, during Game 2 of the [[1928 Stanley Cup Finals]] against the [[Montreal Maroons]]. After starting goaltender [[Lorne Chabot]] suffered an eye injury after being hit by the puck in the middle of the second period, Patrick inserted himself into the game as the Rangers' new netminder, telling the players "Boys, don't let an old man down." At the age of 44 years, 99 days, Patrick remains the oldest man to have played in the Stanley Cup Final. At the time it was not common for teams to have a backup goaltender, and the opposing team's coach had to allow a substitute goaltender. However, Maroons manager-coach [[Eddie Gerard]] refused to give permission for the Rangers to use [[Alec Connell]], the [[Ottawa Senators (original)|Ottawa Senators]]' netminder who was in the stands, as well as minor-leaguer Hugh McCormick.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=118}}</ref> [[Odie Cleghorn]], the coach of the [[Pittsburgh Pirates (NHL)|Pittsburgh Pirates]], stood in for Patrick as coach for the remainder of the game, and directed the Rangers to check fiercely at mid-ice which limited the Maroon players to long harmless shots. Patrick saved 18 to 19 shots while allowing one goal in helping the Rangers to an overtime victory.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|pp=118–119}}</ref> For the next three games, the league gave permission for the Rangers to use [[Joseph Anthony Miller|Joe Miller]] from the [[New York Americans]] in goal. The Rangers went on to win the Stanley Cup, their first in franchise history.<ref>{{harvnb|Anderson|1961|pp=M3–M4}}</ref>
He is famous for an incident which occurred on April 7, 1928, during Game 2 of the [[1928 Stanley Cup Finals]] against the [[Montreal Maroons]]. After starting goaltender [[Lorne Chabot]] suffered an eye injury after being hit by the puck in the middle of the second period, Patrick inserted himself into the game as the Rangers' new netminder, telling the players "Boys, don't let an old man down." At the age of 44 years, 99 days, Patrick remains the oldest man to have played in the Stanley Cup Finals. At the time it was not common for teams to have a backup goaltender, and the opposing team's coach had to allow a substitute goaltender. However, Maroons manager-coach [[Eddie Gerard]] refused to give permission for the Rangers to use [[Alec Connell]], the [[Ottawa Senators (original)|Ottawa Senators]]' netminder who was in the stands, as well as minor-leaguer Hugh McCormick.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=118}}</ref> [[Odie Cleghorn]], the coach of the [[Pittsburgh Pirates (NHL)|Pittsburgh Pirates]], stood in for Patrick as coach for the remainder of the game, and directed the Rangers to check fiercely at mid-ice which limited the Maroon players to long harmless shots. Patrick saved 18 to 19 shots while allowing one goal in helping the Rangers to an overtime victory.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|pp=118–119}}</ref> For the next three games, the league gave permission for the Rangers to use [[Joseph Anthony Miller|Joe Miller]] from the [[New York Americans]] in goal. The Rangers went on to win the Stanley Cup, their first in franchise history.<ref>{{harvnb|Anderson|1961|pp=M3–M4}}</ref>


The Rangers played in the [[Stanley Cup Finals]] in [[1929 Stanley Cup Finals|1929]], and again in [[1932 Stanley Cup Finals|1932]], though lost both years.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=238, 244}}</ref> They won a second Stanley Cup championship in [[1933 Stanley Cup Finals|1933]], defeating the [[Toronto Maple Leafs]].<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=235}}</ref> Patrick coached the team to the Finals once more in [[1937 Stanley Cup Finals|1937]], though they lost.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=226}}</ref> He resigned as coach in 1939 and was replaced by [[Frank Boucher]], remaining as general manager of the Rangers and serving as an assistant coach to Boucher.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=158}}</ref> and Patrick was again a Stanley Cup-winning general manager when Boucher led the Rangers win in [[1940 Stanley Cup Finals|1940]]. The onset of the [[Second World War]] had depleted the Rangers, who saw many players enlist in the armed forces of both Canada and the United States.<ref>{{harvnb|Fischler|2022}}</ref> This led to tension between Patrick and Boucher, and with the team continuing to lose Patrick resigned as general manager on February 22, 1946, replaced by Boucher, who took on the dual role of coach and general manager.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=235–236}}</ref> He stayed on as vice president of [[Madison Square Garden (1925)|Madison Square Garden]], finally retiring in 1950.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=192}}</ref>
The Rangers played in the [[Stanley Cup Finals]] in [[1929 Stanley Cup Finals|1929]], and again in [[1932 Stanley Cup Finals|1932]], though lost both years.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|pp=238, 244}}</ref> They won a second Stanley Cup championship in [[1933 Stanley Cup Finals|1933]], defeating the [[Toronto Maple Leafs]].<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=235}}</ref> Patrick coached the team to the Finals once more in [[1937 Stanley Cup Finals|1937]], though they lost.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=226}}</ref> He resigned as coach in 1939 and was replaced by [[Frank Boucher]], remaining as general manager of the Rangers and serving as an assistant coach to Boucher.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=158}}</ref>


Patrick won the Cup for the final time in [[1940 Stanley Cup Finals|1940]] when the Rangers, coached by Boucher, defeated Toronto.<ref>{{harvnb|Zweig|2012|p=220}}</ref> However the onset of the [[Second World War]] in 1939 had depleted the Rangers, who saw many players enlist in the armed forces of both Canada and the United States.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2013|p=96}}</ref> This led to tension between Patrick and Boucher, and with the team continuing to lose Patrick resigned as general manager on February 22, 1946, replaced by Boucher, who took on the dual role of coach and general manager.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|pp=235–236}}</ref> He stayed on as vice president of [[Madison Square Garden (1925)|Madison Square Garden]], finally retiring in 1950.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=192}}</ref> Patrick had also briefly assumed an executive position in the NHL in early 1943: league president [[Frank Calder]] collapsed at a board meeting in January, and until his replacement [[Red Dutton]] was able to assume the role in May, Patrick and [[E.W. Bickle]] of Toronto oversaw the league.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2013|pp=96–99}}</ref>
⚫
As a coach Patrick described his philosophy to reporters: "It is incumbent upon you initially to build up their morale and then maintain it, and before you do that you must have acquired their confidence in your judgement, and you must know the man."<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=103}}</ref> He was known to be patient with players, and while he would go onto the ice to show plays, he let the players work on it, aware that it took time for some to learn.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=104}}</ref>

⚫
==Later life==
The championships trophy of the [[Western Hockey League (1952–1974)|Western Hockey League]], the [[Lester Patrick Cup]], was renamed after Patrick upon his death in 1960.<ref>{{harvnb|Stott|2008|pp=105–106}}</ref> He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947.<ref name= "Whitehead p. 238">{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=238}}</ref>


⚫
==Later life and legacy==
⚫
[[File:Frank Patrick.jpg|thumb|right|[[Frank Patrick (ice hockey)|Frank Patrick]] with the [[Renfrew Creamery Kings]] on a [[hockey card]], circa 1910–12. The Patrick brothers introduced the [[blue line (ice hockey)|blue line]], the [[penalty shot (ice hockey)|penalty shot]], and tracking [[assist (ice hockey)|assists]], among others.]]
Patrick developed lung cancer, and his health quickly deteriorated. He died in Victoria after a heart attack on June 1, 1960, aged 76.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=251}}</ref> Exactly four weeks later, he was followed by his brother Frank, who was 74; Frank's death was also attributed to a heart attack.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=252}}</ref>
Patrick developed lung cancer, and his health quickly deteriorated. He died in Victoria after a heart attack on June 1, 1960, aged 76.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=251}}</ref> Exactly four weeks later, he was followed by his brother Frank, who was 74; Frank's death was also attributed to a heart attack.<ref>{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=252}}</ref>


⚫
The [[Lester Patrick Trophy]], awarded for outstanding contributions to hockey in the United States, is named for him. He was also the namesake of the [[Patrick Division]], one of the former divisions of the NHL teams.<ref name="nhl.com">{{cite web|year=2010 |url=http://www.nhl.com/trophies/patrick.html |title=Lester Patrick Trophy |publisher=[[National Hockey League]] |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109093936/http://www.nhl.com/trophies/patrick.html |archive-date=January 9, 2010 }}</ref> The championships trophy of the [[Western Hockey League (1952–1974)|Western Hockey League]], the [[Lester Patrick Cup]], was renamed after Patrick upon his death in 1960.<ref>{{harvnb|Stott|2008|pp=105–106}}</ref> He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947.<ref name= "Whitehead p. 238">{{harvnb|Whitehead|1980|p=238}}</ref>
==Legacy==

⚫
[[File:Frank Patrick.jpg|thumb|right|[[Frank Patrick (ice hockey)|Frank Patrick]] with the [[Renfrew Creamery Kings]] on a [[hockey card]], circa 1910–12. The Patrick brothers including the [[blue line (ice hockey)|blue line]], the [[penalty shot (ice hockey)|penalty shot]], and tracking [[assist (ice hockey)|assists]], among others.]]
⚫
As a coach Patrick described his philosophy to reporters: "It is incumbent upon you initially to build up their morale and then maintain it, and before you do that you must have acquired their confidence in your judgement, and you must know the man."<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=103}}</ref> He was known to be patient with players, and while he would go onto the ice to show plays, he let the players work on it, aware that it took time for some to learn.<ref>{{harvnb|Boucher|Frayne|1973|p=104}}</ref>
⚫
The [[Lester Patrick Trophy]], awarded for outstanding contributions to hockey in the United States, is named for him. He was also the namesake of the [[Patrick Division]], one of the former divisions of the NHL teams.<ref name="nhl.com">{{cite web|year=2010 |url=http://www.nhl.com/trophies/patrick.html |title=Lester Patrick Trophy |publisher=[[National Hockey League]] |access-date=April 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109093936/http://www.nhl.com/trophies/patrick.html |archive-date=January 9, 2010 }}</ref> The division included the Rangers for its entire history and (except for the [[1980–81 NHL season|1980–81 season]] immediately after the [[Atlanta Flames]] [[Calgary Flames|relocated to Calgary]]) consisted of only American teams.

⚫
The Patrick brothers created many new rules for hockey, and at least 22 remain in the NHL rulebook to this day. They introduced the blue line, the forward pass, and the playoff system, a change adopted by other leagues and sports around the world. After a suggestion by their father Joe, they began using numbers on players' sweaters and in programs to help fans identify the skaters. A new rule allowed the puck to be kicked everywhere but into the net, and allowed goaltenders to fall to the ice to make a save. They were responsible for crediting assists when a goal was scored, and invented the penalty shot.<ref>{{harvnb|Jenish|2013|p=50}}</ref>

With the Rangers Patrick also became an early advocate of the [[farm team]] system, in which the parent team sponsored several [[minor league|minor]] and [[junior ice hockey|junior]] teams in order to retain their playing rights. This allowed teams like the Rangers, who did not have many local players, to acquire talent from other regions, and kept competing teams from signing all the players.<ref>{{harvnb|Ross|2015|pp=240–241}}</ref> The Rangers developed an extensive system in this way, including forming a new league, the [[Eastern Hockey League|Eastern Amateur Hockey League]], which had teams in the New York region.<ref>{{harvnb|Ross|2015|p=241}}</ref> In 1933 Patrick started hosting Rangers' [[training camps]] in Winnipeg, in a further effort to expand the search for talent beyond the provinces of Ontario and Quebec where the NHL's two Canadian teams (the Toronto Maple Leafs and [[Montreal Canadiens]]) were located.<ref>{{harvnb|Ross|2015|p=242}}</ref>


The Patricks have been dubbed "Hockey's Royal Family." Patrick's son, [[Lynn Patrick|Lynn]] and grandson [[Craig Patrick|Craig]] were both inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Another son, [[Muzz Patrick|Muzz]], was a player and eventually coach and general manager of the Rangers. Another grandson, [[Glenn Patrick|Glenn]], played in the NHL during parts of the 1970s while another grandson, [[Dick Patrick|Dick]] (Muzz's son) has been president of the [[Washington Capitals]] since 1982 (he is also a minority owner).
The Patricks have been dubbed "Hockey's Royal Family".<ref>{{harvnb|McKinley|2009|p=68}}</ref> Patrick's son, [[Lynn Patrick|Lynn]] and grandson [[Craig Patrick|Craig]] were both inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Another son, [[Muzz Patrick|Muzz]], was a player and eventually coach and general manager of the Rangers. Another grandson, [[Glenn Patrick|Glenn]], played in the NHL during parts of the 1970s while another grandson, [[Dick Patrick|Dick]] (Muzz's son) has been an executive and minority owner of the [[Washington Capitals]] since 1982.<ref>{{harvnb|Blumenstock|1982}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Svrluga|2019}}</ref> Great-grandson [[Chris Patrick (ice hockey)|Chris]], the son of Dick, was named general manager of the Capitals in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gulitti |first=Tom |url=https://www.nhl.com/news/chris-patrick-named-washington-gm-brian-maclellan-remains-president |title=Patrick named Capitals general manager, MacLellan remains president of hockey operations |website=NHL.com |date=July 8, 2024 |access-date=July 8, 2024}}</ref>


Patrick also played a role in the early development of women's hockey. In Nelson his sisters Myrtle, Cynda and Dora were associated with the Nelson Ladies Hockey Club, and in 1911 Patrick would coach the team.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|p=35}}</ref> In January 1916, the Patrick brothers talked of forming a women's league to complement the PCHA and occupy dates for their arenas in Vancouver and Victoria.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|p=120}}</ref> The proposal included teams from Vancouver, Victoria, Portland, and Seattle. The league never formed but in January 1917, the ''Vancouver News-Advertiser'' reported that wives of the Seattle Metropolitans had assembled a team. In February 1921, Frank announced a women's international championship series that would be played in conjunction with the PCHA.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|p=115}}</ref> A series of games were held over that month with teams from Seattle, Vancouver, and Victoria, playing during intermissions of PCHA games.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|pp=120–121}}</ref> Both Seattle and Victoria's teams disbanded after the series, and the proposed women's league was not further developed.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|p=123}}</ref>
Patrick also played a role in the early development of women's hockey. In Nelson his sisters Myrtle, Cynda and Dora were associated with the Nelson Ladies Hockey Club, and in 1911 Patrick would coach the team.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|p=35}}</ref> In January 1916, the Patrick brothers talked of forming a women's league to complement the PCHA and occupy dates for their arenas in Vancouver and Victoria.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|p=120}}</ref> The proposal included teams from Vancouver, Victoria, Portland, and Seattle. The league never formed but in January 1917, the ''Vancouver News-Advertiser'' reported that wives of the Seattle Metropolitans had assembled a team. In February 1921, Frank announced a women's international championship series that would be played in conjunction with the PCHA.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|p=115}}</ref> A series of games were held over that month with teams from Seattle, Vancouver, and Victoria, playing during intermissions of PCHA games.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|pp=120–121}}</ref> Both Seattle and Victoria's teams disbanded after the series, and the proposed women's league was not further developed.<ref>{{harvnb|Norton|2009|p=123}}</ref>
Line 279: Line 280:
! 13 !! 13 !! 1 !! 14 !! —
! 13 !! 13 !! 1 !! 14 !! —
|}
|}
* <small>Stats from ''Total Hockey''<ref>{{harvnb|Diamond|2003|pp=782–783}}</ref></small>


===Coaching record===
===Coaching record===
Line 489: Line 491:
==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin|40em}}
{{Refbegin|40em}}
* {{Citation|last=Anderson|first=Dave|date=April 3, 1961|title=The day the coach played goalie|journal=[[Sports Illustrated]]|volume=14|issue=3|pages=M3–M4}}
* {{Citation|last=Anderson|first=Dave|date=April 3, 1961|title=The day the coach played goalie|magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]]|volume=14|issue=3|pages=M3–M4}}
* {{Citation|last=Blumenstock|first=Kathy|date=October 5, 1982|title=Patrick Is Part Of Capitals' 'Fresh Start'|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|location=Washington|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1982/10/05/patrick-is-part-of-capitals-fresh-start/ea7982ee-7e5d-4fe3-8eff-06ff7fc5b0ad/|accessdate=December 30, 2023}}
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* {{Citation|last=Coleman|first=Charles L.|year=1964|title=The Trail of the Stanley Cup, Volume 1: 1893–1926 inc.|publisher=Kendall/Hunt Publishing|location=Dubuque, Iowa|oclc=957132}}
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* {{Citation|last=MacLeod|first=Alan Livingstone|title=Capitals, Aristocrats, and Cougars: Victoria's Hockey Professionals, 1911–1926|publisher=Heritage House|location=Victoria|year=2021|isbn=978-1-77203-373-1}}
* {{Citation|last=MacLeod|first=Alan Livingstone|title=Capitals, Aristocrats, and Cougars: Victoria's Hockey Professionals, 1911–1926|publisher=Heritage House|location=Victoria|year=2021|isbn=978-1-77203-373-1}}
* {{Citation|last=McKinley|first=Michael|title=Hockey: A People's History|year=2009|publisher=McClelland & Stewart|location=Toronto|isbn=978-0-7710-5771-7}}
* {{Citation |last=McKinley |first=Michael |title=Putting a Roof on Winter: Hockey's Rise from Sport to Spectacle |year=2000 |publisher=Greystone Books |location=Vancouver |isbn=1-55054-798-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/puttingroofonwin0000mcki}}
* {{Citation |last=McKinley |first=Michael |title=Putting a Roof on Winter: Hockey's Rise from Sport to Spectacle |year=2000 |publisher=Greystone Books |location=Vancouver |isbn=1-55054-798-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/puttingroofonwin0000mcki}}
* {{Citation|last=Norton|first=Wayne|title=Women on Ice: The Early Years of Women's Hockey in Western Canada|year=2009|publisher=Ronsdale Press|isbn=978-1-55380-073-6}}
* {{Citation|last=Norton|first=Wayne|title=Women on Ice: The Early Years of Women's Hockey in Western Canada|year=2009|publisher=Ronsdale Press|isbn=978-1-55380-073-6}}
* {{Citation|last=Ross|first=J. Andrew|title=Joining the Clubs: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945|year=2015|publisher=Syracuse University Press|location=Syracuse, New York|isbn=978-0-8156-3383-9}}
* {{Citation|last=Ross|first=J. Andrew|title=Joining the Clubs: The Business of the National Hockey League to 1945|year=2015|publisher=Syracuse University Press|location=Syracuse, New York|isbn=978-0-8156-3383-9}}
* {{Citation|last=Stott|first=Jon C.|year=2008|title=Ice Warriors: The Pacific Coast/Western Hockey League 1948–1974|publisher=Heritage House Publishing|location=Surrey, British Columbia|isbn=978-1-894974-54-7}}
* {{Citation|last=Stott|first=Jon C.|year=2008|title=Ice Warriors: The Pacific Coast/Western Hockey League 1948–1974|publisher=Heritage House Publishing|location=Surrey, British Columbia|isbn=978-1-894974-54-7}}
* {{Citation|last=Svrluga|first=Barry|date=February 10, 2019|title=For hockey's royal family, Dick Patrick getting his name on Stanley Cup is final coronation|newspaper=Washington Post|location=Washington|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/capitals/for-hockeys-royal-family-dick-patrick-getting-his-name-on-stanley-cup-is-final-coronation/2019/02/10/b50dd630-249f-11e9-ad53-824486280311_story.html|accessdate=December 30, 2023}}
* {{Citation|work=The Montreal Gazette|title=Rangers won, 2-1: Lester Patrick Figured in Victory Over Americans|location=Montreal|date=March 21, 1927|url=https://news.google.ca/newspapers?nid=Fr8DH2VBP9sC&dat=19270321&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|ref={{SfnRef|The Montreal Gazette|1927|p=16}}}}
* {{Citation|work=The Montreal Gazette|title=Rangers won, 2-1: Lester Patrick Figured in Victory Over Americans|location=Montreal|date=March 21, 1927|url=https://news.google.ca/newspapers?nid=Fr8DH2VBP9sC&dat=19270321&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|ref={{SfnRef|The Montreal Gazette|1927|p=16}}}}
* {{Citation|last=Whitehead|first=Eric|title=Cyclone Taylor: A Hockey Legend|year=1977|publisher=Doubleday Canada|location=Toronto|isbn=0-385-13063-5}}
* {{Citation|last=Whitehead|first=Eric|title=Cyclone Taylor: A Hockey Legend|year=1977|publisher=Doubleday Canada|location=Toronto|isbn=0-385-13063-5}}
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{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}
* {{icehockeystats|legendsm=P194704}}
* {{icehockeystats|legendsm=P194704}}
* [https://archive.today/20130115103756/http://www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=14276 Lester Patrick, History by the Minute]


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[[Category:Hockey Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Hockey Hall of Fame inductees]]
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[[Category:Ice hockey people from Drummondville]]
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[[Category:Victoria Cougars (1911–1926) players]]
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Latest revision as of 07:30, 2 December 2024

Lester Patrick
Hockey Hall of Fame, 1947
Patrick in 1912, with the Victoria Aristocrats
Born (1883-12-31)December 31, 1883
Drummondville, Quebec, Canada
Died June 1, 1960(1960-06-01) (aged 76)
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
Height 6 ft 1 in (185 cm)
Weight 180 lb (82 kg; 12 st 12 lb)
Position Defence
Shot Left
Played for New York Rangers
Victoria Cougars
Victoria Aristocrats
Seattle Metropolitans
Spokane Canaries
Renfrew Creamery Kings
Edmonton Pros
Montreal Wanderers
Brandon Wheat City
Playing career 1904–1928

Curtis Lester Patrick (December 31, 1883 – June 1, 1960) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach associated with the Victoria Aristocrats/Cougars of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA; Western Hockey League (WHL) after 1924), and the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). Along with his brother Frank Patrick and father Joseph Patrick, he founded the PCHA and helped develop several rules for the game of hockey. Patrick won the Stanley Cup six times as a player, coach and manager.

Born in Drummondville, Quebec, Patrick moved to Montreal with his family at a young age and grew up there, and started playing hockey at this time while also working for his father's lumber company. Patrick first played for a top-level team in 1904 when he spent a season with the Brandon Hockey Club in Manitoba, and subsequently played three years in Montreal, winning the Stanley Cup with the Montreal Wanderers in both 1906 and 1907. Moving west to British Columbia with his family in 1907 Patrick played for a local team in Nelson, British Columbia, and was invited to join the Edmonton Hockey Club for a Cup challenge in 1908. Patrick and his brother Frank were lured back east in 1909 by promises of a large salary to join the Renfrew Creamery Kings of the National Hockey Association, though both returned to Nelson after one season with Renfrew.

In 1911 the brothers formed the PCHA, and Patrick owned, managed, coached, and played for the Victoria team. He led the team to a Cup challenge in 1914, and aside from one season with the Seattle Metropolitans in 1917–18 he was with the team until the league was sold off in 1926. While with Victoria he won the Cup again in 1925, the last team outside the National Hockey League (NHL) to do so. Along with Frank, Patrick would introduce many innovations in the PCHA that remain in hockey today, including the blue line, the penalty shot, and tracking assists, among others.

When the WHL, as the PCHA had been renamed in 1924, was sold to the NHL in 1926, Patrick was hired by the expansion New York Rangers to be their coach and manager. He led the team to Stanley Cup wins in 1928 and 1933, along with three further Finals appearances. He resigned as coach in 1939 though remained as manager, winning the Cup in that role again in 1940, before resigning from that role in 1946.

Patrick's sons Lynn and Muzz both played for him on the Rangers, and his grandsons Craig and Glenn also played in the NHL. Lynn, Muzz, and Craig all later coached and served as general managers in the NHL as well, while another grandson, Dick is an executive and part-owner of the Washington Capitals; in 2024, great-grandson Chris was named general manager of the Capitals. Patrick's contributions to hockey were recognized with his induction into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947, and he is also the namesake of the NHL's Lester Patrick Trophy, awarded for outstanding contributions to hockey in the United States, and the Patrick Division, which existed in the NHL from 1974 to 1993.

Early life and career

[edit]
Lester Patrick's father Joe

Patrick's father, Joe, was the son of Irish immigrants: Thomas Patrick had emigrated from County Tyrone in Ireland to Canada in 1848 and settled in Quebec. Joe was born in 1857 and in 1883 married Grace Nelson. They moved to Drummondville, Quebec where Joe worked as a general store clerk and Grace was a schoolmarm.[1] Drummondville was predominantly French-speaking and Catholic at the time, making the Anglophone and Methodist Patrick family a minority in the town.[2] Patrick was born on December 31, 1883, in Drummondville, Quebec, the oldest child of Joe and Grace Patrick.[a] In 1887 the family moved 9 miles (14 km) to Carmell Hill, where Joe bought a half-interest in a general store with William Mitchell.[b] As in Drummondville the town was mainly Francophone, leading the family to learn French.[2] Joe and his partners sold their store in 1892 earning a substantial profit of $10,000; Joe used his $5,000 to establish a lumber company and built a mill in Daveluyville, which was 60 miles (97 km) west of Quebec City.[5] That winter Patrick and his younger brother Frank received their first pair of skates.[4] In 1893 the family moved again, this time to Montreal, as Joe expanded his lumber company. They first lived in Pointe-Saint-Charles, a rail district, before moving to the more prosperous suburb of Westmount in 1895.[6] While in Montreal the two older Patrick brothers were first introduced to ice hockey.[7] They also met Art Ross at this time, who became a close friend of both brothers and had an extensive career in hockey.[8] Patrick developed into a strong hockey player and would frequently be invited as a ringer to play in important games.[9]

In 1901 Patrick enrolled in McGill University. He played basketball in his first semester as a student, and subsequently joined the hockey team. He was also invited to tryout for the Montreal Shamrocks, a top senior team in the city; however as this would have meant leaving the university, Patrick declined the offer, following the advice of his father.[10] Even so Patrick only studied at McGill for one year before he withdrew. He was more focused on playing sports than studying, and so Joe decided to have Patrick start working for the family business. After initially working in an office role, within a year Patrick was promoted to a branch manager.[11] The company was downsized though and so in June 1903 Patrick decided to move to Calgary in Western Canada in an effort to work on cattle ranches. Upon arriving in Calgary he found the lifestyle was not suitable for him, and instead joined the Canadian Pacific Railway as a rodman and chainman on a survey gang, working until the autumn of that year.[12]

On his way back to Montreal, Patrick stopped in Brandon, Manitoba. He had friends there playing hockey, and was offered spot with the team for $25 per month to cover expenses. He played as cover-point[c] for the season. While points and cover-points were not expected to contribute much to offensive actions, Patrick tried to carry the puck up the ice during a game, scoring a goal.[14] While the club questioned his motive, he argued that it was successful, and the fans enjoyed it, so was allowed to keep doing so.[15] He also advocated for the two defenders to line up side-by-side, rather than one in front of the other as had been the standard since the beginning of hockey; this change was adopted by the team and soon widely adopted in hockey.[16] Brandon challenged the Ottawa Senators for the Stanley Cup in that season, but were defeated in the two-game, total-goal series. After the season Patrick returned to Montreal, arriving by March 1904.[14]

Patrick with the Nelson Hockey Club in 1909

Patrick played the 1904–05 season with Montreal Westmount in the Canadian Amateur Hockey League (CAHL), then the top level league in Canadian hockey.[17] In eight games Patrick had four goals.[18] While back from school during a break in 1905, Frank briefly joined the Montreal Westmount club and played two games; this marked the first time the brothers played together. Preoccupied with work commitments for his father, Patrick frequently missed team workouts and the team did not perform very well.[19] The CAHL was disbanded prior to the start of the 1905–06 season and replaced by a new league, the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association (ECAHA).[20] Patrick joined the Montreal Wanderers, who were admitted to the new league, scoring 17 goals in nine games for them.[21] The Wanderers finished in a tie with Ottawa for first in the league, leading to a two game, total goal playoff was played for the league championship. The Wanders won the series 12 goals to 10, with Patrick scoring the final two goals in the last minutes of the second game, and were thus also awarded the Stanley Cup.[22] The following season the Wanderers again finished first in the ECAHA, though lost the Cup in a challenge against the Kenora Thistles, champions of the Manitoba Hockey Association, in January 1907. In a rematch series in March 1907 the Wanderers defeated Kenora to again win the Cup.[23] Patrick had scored 11 goals in nine regular season games, and a further 10 goals in six Cup challenge games.[18]

In 1907 Joe purchased a tract of land in the Slocan Valley in southeastern British Columbia (BC), and moved the family west to Nelson, British Columbia, a town near the land, to start a new lumber company there. Frank remained in Montreal to complete his studies, as he had one year remaining.[24] In Nelson Patrick played for a local hockey team, scoring 22 goals in 6 games during the 1908–09 season.[25]

During the season Patrick also accepted an offer to join the Edmonton Hockey Club of the Alberta Amateur Hockey Association for their upcoming Cup challenge against his former team, the Wanderers. The team had signed several high-profile players from Eastern Canada to play for the team in the challenge; only two players on the team were from Edmonton, with the rest coming from the east.[26] Patrick and Tommy Phillips, who had played for Kenora, never even reached Edmonton; they met their team in Winnipeg on its way east for the Cup challenge.[27] Edmonton lost the two game, total-goal series 14–9, with Patrick scoring one goal.[28] While other players were paid several hundred dollars for the series,[d] Patrick was given $100 for expenses. In a story he told years later, Patrick noted that after informing his father he only spent $62, he was ordered to reimburse the Edmonton club the remaining $38; Patrick would claim this "must have been the first and last time in history that a hockey player ever returned any part of his expense money."[29]

The Montreal Wanderers during the Stanley Cup challenge in 1907, in which the team would defeat the Kenora Thistles. Patrick is in the front row, third from right.

The following year a new top-level league, the National Hockey Association (NHA), was established; unlike the ECHA,[e] the NHA was openly professional.[31] Several teams began to send offers to both Patrick brothers, who had decided to return east for the winter and play hockey there. Among the teams making offers were the Renfrew Creamery Kings, owned by J. Ambrose O'Brien, a wealthy mining magnate, and when Patrick received the offer he replied saying he would join the team for $3,000, an exorbitant salary for the era. Surprised by the offer, Patrick asked for his brother Frank as well, and Frank was offered $2,000 to join the team.[32]

Along with other high-profile players, most famously Cyclone Taylor, who signed for a reported $5,250,[f] the team was nicknamed the "Millionaires".[33] Along with several teammates, the Patricks lived in a boarding house in Renfrew during the season, and players were often seen together about town.[34] Patrick was the more out-spoken of the brothers, with Frank being quiet and reserved, though his demeanor changed when the topic of hockey came up. He became quite lively and was open about his ideas on how to improve the game, and what type of tactics could be used.[35] Taylor would later recall he was quite impressed by the brothers knowledge and views, stating that "Frank in particular had an amazing grasp of the science of hockey, and they were both already dreaming about changes that would improve the game".[36]

Pacific Coast Hockey Association

[edit]

Joe sold his lumber company in January 1911, making a profit of around $440,000, of which he gave both Lester and Frank $25,000. In a separate transaction Joe also sold a private interest he had, earning a further $35,000.[37] With this money Joe solicited ideas from his family on what to invest in, and Frank suggested they establish their own hockey league, one based in BC and that they controlled. It was put to a vote, with both Joe and Frank voting in favour and Lester against, so they agreed to move forward, and the family moved to Victoria, British Columbia.[38] They incorporated the new league, the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA), on December 7, 1911.[39]

The initial plan was to place teams in large cities in Western Canada, with one each in Vancouver and Victoria (both in BC), and one in Edmonton and Calgary (both in Alberta). Issues in finding support for the Alberta-based teams meant that the new league would only be based in BC initially.[40] The mild weather on the West Coast meant that unlike Central and Eastern Canada natural ice could not be used for games, and so the Patrick family built two arenas: the Denman Arena in Vancouver and the Patrick Arena in Victoria.[41] While the arenas were being built Patrick went east to recruit players, offering up to twice the salary they were making in the NHA to join the new league, and was able to recruit several high-profile names.[42] Patrick managed and played for the Victoria team,[43][g] while Frank would do the same for the Vancouver team.[h] Patrick played all 16 games for the team in the inaugural 1912 season, finishing tied for third on the team in scoring with 10 goals.[46] At a height of 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) and weight of 180 pounds (82 kg) Patrick was larger than many other hockey players of the era, and historian Alan Livingstone MacLeod notes that in team photos Patrick was "at least half a head taller than the other players".[47]

Buoyed by an influx of players from the east (16 of the 23 players in the PCHA's first season had played in the NHA previously), the league did well and demonstrated early it could be a serious challenger to the supremacy of the NHA.[48][49]

The Patrick Arena in 1912. It was built and owned by the Patrick family, it hosted three games of the 1925 Stanley Cup Finals. It burned down in 1929.

Prior to the start of the 1913–14 Patrick broke a bone in his left arm, keeping him from playing until mid-way through the season, though he continued to serve as coach.[50] Victoria started the season badly, but with Patrick returning they finished strong and won the league championship, with 10 wins in 16 games. Patrick played eight of the games, and had ten points.[51] With a new agreement reached between the PCHA and NA, Victoria played the NHA champions, the Toronto Blueshirts, for the Cup. The teams played a best-of-five series, which Toronto won 3 games to 0.[52] Patrick played all three games and had two goals.[53]

In January 1916 the Victoria Arena was commandeered by the Canadian military for use as a training facility for new recruits.[54] Prior to the 1916–17 Patrick moved his team from Victoria to Spokane, Washington, where they were renamed the Spokane Canaries. The reason for the move is not clear, though MacLeod speculates that Patrick thought the military may allow the team to continue to use it, which was not to be the case.[55] After that season the Canaries were disbanded, and Patrick joined the Stanley Cup champion Seattle Metropolitans.[56]

The Aristocrats were revived in 1918 as the Victoria Cougars, and Patrick took over as player-manager. Despite playing in only about half the games, he retired as a player after the 1922 season. Remaining with the Cougars as head coach, Patrick became the last non-NHL coach to win the Stanley Cup in 1925.[57]

In January 1926 Patrick returned to the ice for the Cougars in an effort to help the team, which was playing poorly.[58]

New York Rangers

[edit]
Lester Patrick serving as goaltender during the 1928 Stanley Cup Finals

By the early 1920s the PCHA was losing money. Seattle folded in 1924, and with only two teams left (Vancouver and Victoria), the Patricks decided to merge with the Western Canada Hockey League, which was renamed the Western Hockey League (WHL).[59] The WHL continued for two seasons until 1926, though with continued financial difficulties and expansion plans by the NHL (which would add three teams between 1924 and 1926, growing to ten teams overall) it was clear the league would not be sustainable.[60] With the consent of five of the six WHL teams[i] Frank met with the NHL and offered to sell the rights to WHL players to the league for a lump sum, allowing the NHL to quickly stock the expansion teams being set up.[61] This was agreed to, and for $100,000 the Victoria team was transferred to Detroit, (who named themselves the Detroit Cougars in recognition).[j][63] The Chicago team, later named the Black Hawks, also paid $100,000 for players, receiving the Portland Rosebuds.[64] The Boston Bruins, whose owner Charles Adams and manager Art Ross had helped facilitate the sale, also purchased select players, paying a total of $17,000, netting the WHL owners a total of $267,000.[65]

In October 1926 Patrick was offered the position of coach with the New York Rangers, another expansion team in the NHL.[66] Shortly after he was also named the team's general manager, replacing Conn Smythe.[67] He played one regular season game for the Rangers, on March 20, 1927, serving as a substitute defenceman against the New York Americans.[68]

He is famous for an incident which occurred on April 7, 1928, during Game 2 of the 1928 Stanley Cup Finals against the Montreal Maroons. After starting goaltender Lorne Chabot suffered an eye injury after being hit by the puck in the middle of the second period, Patrick inserted himself into the game as the Rangers' new netminder, telling the players "Boys, don't let an old man down." At the age of 44 years, 99 days, Patrick remains the oldest man to have played in the Stanley Cup Finals. At the time it was not common for teams to have a backup goaltender, and the opposing team's coach had to allow a substitute goaltender. However, Maroons manager-coach Eddie Gerard refused to give permission for the Rangers to use Alec Connell, the Ottawa Senators' netminder who was in the stands, as well as minor-leaguer Hugh McCormick.[69] Odie Cleghorn, the coach of the Pittsburgh Pirates, stood in for Patrick as coach for the remainder of the game, and directed the Rangers to check fiercely at mid-ice which limited the Maroon players to long harmless shots. Patrick saved 18 to 19 shots while allowing one goal in helping the Rangers to an overtime victory.[70] For the next three games, the league gave permission for the Rangers to use Joe Miller from the New York Americans in goal. The Rangers went on to win the Stanley Cup, their first in franchise history.[71]

The Rangers played in the Stanley Cup Finals in 1929, and again in 1932, though lost both years.[72] They won a second Stanley Cup championship in 1933, defeating the Toronto Maple Leafs.[73] Patrick coached the team to the Finals once more in 1937, though they lost.[74] He resigned as coach in 1939 and was replaced by Frank Boucher, remaining as general manager of the Rangers and serving as an assistant coach to Boucher.[75]

Patrick won the Cup for the final time in 1940 when the Rangers, coached by Boucher, defeated Toronto.[76] However the onset of the Second World War in 1939 had depleted the Rangers, who saw many players enlist in the armed forces of both Canada and the United States.[77] This led to tension between Patrick and Boucher, and with the team continuing to lose Patrick resigned as general manager on February 22, 1946, replaced by Boucher, who took on the dual role of coach and general manager.[78] He stayed on as vice president of Madison Square Garden, finally retiring in 1950.[79] Patrick had also briefly assumed an executive position in the NHL in early 1943: league president Frank Calder collapsed at a board meeting in January, and until his replacement Red Dutton was able to assume the role in May, Patrick and E.W. Bickle of Toronto oversaw the league.[80]

Later life and legacy

[edit]
Frank Patrick with the Renfrew Creamery Kings on a hockey card, circa 1910–12. The Patrick brothers introduced the blue line, the penalty shot, and tracking assists, among others.

Patrick developed lung cancer, and his health quickly deteriorated. He died in Victoria after a heart attack on June 1, 1960, aged 76.[81] Exactly four weeks later, he was followed by his brother Frank, who was 74; Frank's death was also attributed to a heart attack.[82]

The Lester Patrick Trophy, awarded for outstanding contributions to hockey in the United States, is named for him. He was also the namesake of the Patrick Division, one of the former divisions of the NHL teams.[83] The championships trophy of the Western Hockey League, the Lester Patrick Cup, was renamed after Patrick upon his death in 1960.[84] He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1947.[85]

As a coach Patrick described his philosophy to reporters: "It is incumbent upon you initially to build up their morale and then maintain it, and before you do that you must have acquired their confidence in your judgement, and you must know the man."[86] He was known to be patient with players, and while he would go onto the ice to show plays, he let the players work on it, aware that it took time for some to learn.[87]

The Patrick brothers created many new rules for hockey, and at least 22 remain in the NHL rulebook to this day. They introduced the blue line, the forward pass, and the playoff system, a change adopted by other leagues and sports around the world. After a suggestion by their father Joe, they began using numbers on players' sweaters and in programs to help fans identify the skaters. A new rule allowed the puck to be kicked everywhere but into the net, and allowed goaltenders to fall to the ice to make a save. They were responsible for crediting assists when a goal was scored, and invented the penalty shot.[88]

With the Rangers Patrick also became an early advocate of the farm team system, in which the parent team sponsored several minor and junior teams in order to retain their playing rights. This allowed teams like the Rangers, who did not have many local players, to acquire talent from other regions, and kept competing teams from signing all the players.[89] The Rangers developed an extensive system in this way, including forming a new league, the Eastern Amateur Hockey League, which had teams in the New York region.[90] In 1933 Patrick started hosting Rangers' training camps in Winnipeg, in a further effort to expand the search for talent beyond the provinces of Ontario and Quebec where the NHL's two Canadian teams (the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens) were located.[91]

The Patricks have been dubbed "Hockey's Royal Family".[92] Patrick's son, Lynn and grandson Craig were both inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Another son, Muzz, was a player and eventually coach and general manager of the Rangers. Another grandson, Glenn, played in the NHL during parts of the 1970s while another grandson, Dick (Muzz's son) has been an executive and minority owner of the Washington Capitals since 1982.[93][94] Great-grandson Chris, the son of Dick, was named general manager of the Capitals in 2024.[95]

Patrick also played a role in the early development of women's hockey. In Nelson his sisters Myrtle, Cynda and Dora were associated with the Nelson Ladies Hockey Club, and in 1911 Patrick would coach the team.[96] In January 1916, the Patrick brothers talked of forming a women's league to complement the PCHA and occupy dates for their arenas in Vancouver and Victoria.[97] The proposal included teams from Vancouver, Victoria, Portland, and Seattle. The league never formed but in January 1917, the Vancouver News-Advertiser reported that wives of the Seattle Metropolitans had assembled a team. In February 1921, Frank announced a women's international championship series that would be played in conjunction with the PCHA.[98] A series of games were held over that month with teams from Seattle, Vancouver, and Victoria, playing during intermissions of PCHA games.[99] Both Seattle and Victoria's teams disbanded after the series, and the proposed women's league was not further developed.[100]

Awards and achievements

[edit]
  • Stanley Cup champion (6): 1906, 1907 as a player; 1925, 1928, 1933, 1940 as an owner/manager/coach

Career statistics

[edit]

Regular season and playoffs

[edit]
Regular season Playoffs
Season Team League GP G A Pts PIM GP G A Pts PIM
1903–04 Brandon HC MNWHA 12 4 2 6 — — — — — —
1903–04 Brandon HC St-Cup — — — — — 2 0 0 0 0
1904–05 Montreal Westmount CAHL 8 4 0 4 — — — — — —
1905–06 Montreal Wanderers ECAHA 9 17 0 17 26 2 3 0 3 3
1906–07 Montreal Wanderers ECAHA 9 11 0 11 11 — — — — —
1906–07 Montreal Wanderers St-Cup — — — — — 6 10 0 10 32
1907–08 Nelson Seniors BCHL — — — — — 2 1 0 1 —
1908–09 Edmonton HC Exhib 1 1 0 1 3 — — — — —
1908–09 Nelson Pros Exhib 2 4 0 4 3 — — — — —
1908–09 Edmonton HC St-Cup — — — — — 2 1 1 2 3
1909–10 Renfrew Creamery Kings NHA 12 24 0 24 25 — — — — —
1911–12 Victoria Senators PCHA 16 10 0 10 9 — — — — —
1912–13 Victoria Senators PCHA 15 14 5 19 12 — — — — —
1913–14 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 9 5 5 10 0 — — — — —
1913–14 Victoria Aristocrats St-Cup — — — — — 3 2 0 2 —
1914–15 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 17 12 5 17 15 — — — — —
1915–16 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 18 13 11 24 27 — — — — —
1916–17 Spokane Canaries PCHA 23 10 11 21 15 — — — — —
1917–18 Seattle Metropolitans PCHA 17 2 8 10 15 2 0 1 1 0
1918–19 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 9 2 5 7 0 — — — — —
1919–20 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 11 2 2 4 3 — — — — —
1920–21 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 5 2 3 5 13 — — — — —
1921–22 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 2 0 0 0 0 — — — — —
1925–26 Victoria Cougars WHL 23 5 8 13 20 2 0 0 0 2
1926–27 New York Rangers NHL 1 0 0 0 2 — — — — —
1927–28 New York Rangers NHL — — — — — 1 0 0 0 0
PCHA totals 142 72 55 127 109 2 0 1 1 0
NHL totals 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0
St-Cup totals — — — — — 13 13 1 14 —
  • Stats from Total Hockey[101]

Coaching record

[edit]
    Regular season   Playoffs
Season Team League GC W L T Finish GC W L T Result
1912 Victoria Senators PCHA 16 7 9 0 3rd – — — — –
1912–13 Victoria Senators PCHA 15 10 5 0 1st – — — — –
1913–14 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 15 10 5 0 1st 3 0 3 0 Lost Stanley Cup series
1914–15 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 17 4 13 0 3rd — — — — —
1915–16 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 18 5 13 0 4th — — — — —
1916–17 Spokane Canaries PCHA 23 8 15 0 4th — — — — —
1917–18 Seattle Metropolitans PCHA 18 11 7 0 1st 2 0 1 1 Lost in Final
1918–19 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 20 7 13 0 3rd — — — — —
1919–20 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 22 10 12 0 3rd — — — — —
1920–21 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 24 10 13 1 3rd — — — — —
1921–22 Victoria Aristocrats PCHA 24 11 12 1 3rd — — — — —
1922–23 Victoria Cougars PCHA 30 16 14 0 2nd 2 1 1 0 Lost in Final
1923–24 Victoria Cougars PCHA 30 11 18 1 3rd — — — — —
1924–25 Victoria Cougars WCHL 28 16 12 0 3rd 8 5 1 2 Won Stanley Cup
1925–26 Victoria Cougars WHL 30 15 11 4 3rd 7 2 3 2 Lost in Stanley Cup Finals
1926–27 New York Rangers NHL 44 25 13 6 1st, American 2 0 1 1 Lost in semi-final
1927–28 New York Rangers NHL 44 19 16 9 2nd, American 9 5 3 1 Won Stanley Cup
1928–29 New York Rangers NHL 44 21 13 10 2nd, American 6 3 2 1 Lost in Final
1929–30 New York Rangers NHL 44 17 17 10 3rd, American 4 1 2 1 Lost semi-final
1930–31 New York Rangers NHL 44 19 16 9 3rd, American 4 2 2 0 Lost in semi-final
1931–32 New York Rangers NHL 48 23 17 8 1st, American 7 3 4 — Lost in Final
1932–33 New York Rangers NHL 48 23 17 8 3rd, American 8 6 1 1 Won Stanley Cup
1933–34 New York Rangers NHL 48 21 19 8 3rd, American 2 0 1 1 Lost in quarter-final
1934–35 New York Rangers NHL 48 22 20 6 3rd, American 4 1 1 2 Lost in semi-final
1935–36 New York Rangers NHL 48 19 17 12 4th, American — — — — —
1936–37 New York Rangers NHL 48 19 20 9 3rd, American 9 6 3 — Lost in Final
1937–38 New York Rangers NHL 48 27 15 6 2nd, American 3 1 2 — Lost in quarter-final
1938–39 New York Rangers NHL 48 26 16 6 2nd, NHL 7 3 4 — Lost in semi-final
PCHA totals 272 120 149 3 — 7 1 5 1
WCHL/WHL totals 58 31 23 4 — 15 7 4 4 One Stanley Cup Win
NHL totals 604 281 216 107 — 65 31 26 8 Two Stanley Cup Wins

See also

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References

[edit]

Notes

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  1. ^ There were six children in total: Lester, Frank, Lucinda, Edward, and Dora, and a girl who died in infancy.[3]
  2. ^ Mitchell later became a Canadian senator.[4]
  3. ^ Point and cover-point were early versions of defencemen, and were not expected to contribute much to offensive actions.[13]
  4. ^ Phillips, who broke his ankle in the first game and sat out the second, was paid $600.[27]
  5. ^ The ECAHA renamed itself the ECHA in 1908, dropping the word "Amateur".[30]
  6. ^ The figure $5,250 comes from Whitehead's biography of Taylor. However Cosentino has suggested the base salary was closer to $2,000, with the rest coming from a guaranteed salary outside of hockey and a bond to ensure he would sign. Regardless, Taylor had the highest salary in hockey history. See Whitehead 1977, pp. 105–106 and Cosentino 1990, p. 73.
  7. ^ The Victoria team would be known variously as the "Capitals", "Aristocrats", and "Cougars" during its existence.[44]
  8. ^ The team would later be known as the "Millionaires".[45]
  9. ^ Saskatoon had an agreement to sell its players to the Montreal Maroons.[61]
  10. ^ They would later be renamed the Falcons, and finally Red Wings.[62]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 9–10
  2. ^ a b Whitehead 1980, p. 11
  3. ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 10–12, 39
  4. ^ a b Whitehead 1980, p. 12
  5. ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 11–12
  6. ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 13–16
  7. ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 14
  8. ^ Zweig 2015, p. 39
  9. ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 18
  10. ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 22
  11. ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 23
  12. ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 23–24
  13. ^ Hardy & Holman 2018, p. 130
  14. ^ a b Whitehead 1980, p. 24
  15. ^ Fischler 1976, p. 9
  16. ^ Fischler 1976, pp. 9–10
  17. ^ Coleman 1964, p. 102
  18. ^ a b Coleman 1964, p. 634
  19. ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 26
  20. ^ Wong 2005, pp. 38–39
  21. ^ Coleman 1964, pp. 634–635
  22. ^ Zweig 2012, p. 297
  23. ^ Zweig 2012, pp. 294–295
  24. ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 39
  25. ^ MacLeod 2021, p. 4
  26. ^ Jenish 1992, p. 74
  27. ^ a b Jenish 1992, p. 75
  28. ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 47
  29. ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 48
  30. ^ Kitchen 2008, pp. 160–161
  31. ^ McKinley 2000, p. 73
  32. ^ Cosentino 1990, p. 56
  33. ^ Kitchen 2008, p. 165
  34. ^ Cosentino 1990, p. 76
  35. ^ Cosentino 1990, pp. 76–77
  36. ^ Whitehead 1977, p. 110
  37. ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 92–93
  38. ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 93–95
  39. ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 15
  40. ^ Wong 2018, p. 679
  41. ^ Wong 2018, pp. 679–680
  42. ^ Bowlsby 2012, pp. 10–13
  43. ^ Wong 2005, p. 64
  44. ^ MacLeod 2021, pp. 18, 65, 169
  45. ^ Bowlsby 2012, pp. 18–19
  46. ^ MacLeod 2021, p. 11
  47. ^ MacLeod 2021, p. 21
  48. ^ MacLeod 2021, p. 22
  49. ^ Bowlsby 2012, pp. 29–30
  50. ^ Bowlsby 2012, pp. 58–59
  51. ^ Bowlsby 2012, pp. 59–60
  52. ^ Zweig 2012, p. 281
  53. ^ Bowlsby 2012, p. 65
  54. ^ MacLeod 2021, p. 73
  55. ^ MacLeod 2021, pp. 78–79
  56. ^ MacLeod 2021, p. 97
  57. ^ Zweig 2012, p. 255
  58. ^ MacLeod 2021, p. 228
  59. ^ Ross 2015, p. 133
  60. ^ Wong 2005, pp. 95–96
  61. ^ a b Whitehead 1980, p. 152
  62. ^ Jenish 2013, pp. 68–73
  63. ^ Holzman & Nieforth 2002, p. 268
  64. ^ Jenish 2013, pp. 48–49
  65. ^ Zweig 2015, pp. 182–183
  66. ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 160
  67. ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 162–163
  68. ^ The Montreal Gazette 1927, p. 16.
  69. ^ Boucher & Frayne 1973, p. 118
  70. ^ Boucher & Frayne 1973, pp. 118–119
  71. ^ Anderson 1961, pp. M3–M4
  72. ^ Zweig 2012, pp. 238, 244
  73. ^ Zweig 2012, p. 235
  74. ^ Zweig 2012, p. 226
  75. ^ Boucher & Frayne 1973, p. 158
  76. ^ Zweig 2012, p. 220
  77. ^ Jenish 2013, p. 96
  78. ^ Whitehead 1980, pp. 235–236
  79. ^ Boucher & Frayne 1973, p. 192
  80. ^ Jenish 2013, pp. 96–99
  81. ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 251
  82. ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 252
  83. ^ "Lester Patrick Trophy". National Hockey League. 2010. Archived from the original on January 9, 2010. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
  84. ^ Stott 2008, pp. 105–106
  85. ^ Whitehead 1980, p. 238
  86. ^ Boucher & Frayne 1973, p. 103
  87. ^ Boucher & Frayne 1973, p. 104
  88. ^ Jenish 2013, p. 50
  89. ^ Ross 2015, pp. 240–241
  90. ^ Ross 2015, p. 241
  91. ^ Ross 2015, p. 242
  92. ^ McKinley 2009, p. 68
  93. ^ Blumenstock 1982
  94. ^ Svrluga 2019
  95. ^ Gulitti, Tom (July 8, 2024). "Patrick named Capitals general manager, MacLellan remains president of hockey operations". NHL.com. Retrieved July 8, 2024.
  96. ^ Norton 2009, p. 35
  97. ^ Norton 2009, p. 120
  98. ^ Norton 2009, p. 115
  99. ^ Norton 2009, pp. 120–121
  100. ^ Norton 2009, p. 123
  101. ^ Diamond 2003, pp. 782–783

Bibliography

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lester Patrick.
Preceded by
Position created
 Head coach of the New York Rangers
1926–39 		Succeeded by
Preceded by General Manager of the New York Rangers
1926–46 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of the New York Rangers
1932–34 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lester_Patrick&oldid=1260723994"