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{{Short description|Polish diaspora in Kyrgyzstan}}
{{Short description|Polish diaspora in Kyrgyzstan}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Poles in Kyrgyzstan
| total = 1,400
| total_year = 2007
| total_source = estimate
| total_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://archiwum.wspolnotapolska.org.pl/?id=pwko00|title=Polonia w liczbach|website=Wspólnota Polska|access-date=10 January 2024|language=pl|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20120415121919/http://archiwum.wspolnotapolska.org.pl/?id=pwko00|archive-date=15 April 2012}}</ref>
| related_groups = [[Poles in Kazakhstan]], [[Poles in Turkmenistan]], [[Poles in Uzbekistan]]
}}
'''Poles in Kyrgyzstan''' form a small population, part of the [[Polish diaspora]] in [[Central Asia]]. Polish presence in [[Kyrgyzstan]] dates back to the 19th century.
'''Poles in Kyrgyzstan''' form a small population, part of the [[Polish diaspora]] in [[Central Asia]]. Polish presence in [[Kyrgyzstan]] dates back to the 19th century.


==History==
==History==
{{Historical populations|1890|240|1926|282|1939|808|1959|1086|1970|1448|1979|1961|1989|1389
⚫
In 1890, 240 [[Polish people|Poles]] lived in present-day Kyrgyzstan.<ref name=basa>{{cite journal|last1=Abdrachmanow|first1=Bołotbek Dżumaszowicz|last2=Asekowa|first2=Sałtanat Urumowna|translator-last=Głowacki|translator-first=Albin|year=2019|title=Z historii "operacji narodowościowych" NKWD lat 1937–1938 w Kirgizji. Represje wobec mniejszości etnicznych (na przykładzie narodowości polskiej)|journal=Przegląd Nauk Historycznych|publisher=Wydawnictwo [[University of Łódź|Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego]]|language=pl|volume=18|issue=1|page=113|issn=2450-7660}}</ref>
|footnote=Sources:<ref name=basa/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus_nac_26.php?reg=1582|title=Киргизская АССР (1926)|website=Demoscope Weekly|access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_39.php?reg=11|title=Киргизская ССР (1939)|website=Demoscope Weekly|access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_70.php?reg=11|title=Киргизская ССР (1970)|website=Demoscope Weekly|access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_79.php?reg=11|title=Киргизская ССР (1979)|website=Demoscope Weekly|access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php?reg=11|title=Киргизская ССР (1989)|website=Demoscope Weekly|access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref>}}
⚫
In 1890, 240 [[Polish people|Poles]] lived in present-day Kyrgyzstan.<ref name=basa>{{cite journal|last1=Abdrachmanow|first1=Bołotbek Dżumaszowicz|last2=Asekowa|first2=Sałtanat Urumowna|translator-last=Głowacki|translator-first=Albin|year=2019|title=Z historii "operacji narodowościowych" NKWD lat 1937–1938 w Kirgizji. Represje wobec mniejszości etnicznych (na przykładzie narodowości polskiej)|journal=Przegląd Nauk Historycznych|publisher=Wydawnictwo [[University of Łódź|Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego]]|language=pl|volume=18|issue=1|page=113|issn=2450-7660}}</ref> According to the 1897 census, the largest Polish community, with 188 people, was in [[Osh]].<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г.|volume=LXXXIX|year=1904|language=ru|page=60}}</ref>


In 1937–1938, the Polish community in the [[Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic]], which numbered between 300 and 700 people, was, like in other parts of the [[USSR]], targeted by the genocidal [[Polish Operation of the NKVD|''Polish Operation'' of the NKVD]].<ref name=basa/>
In 1937–1938, the Polish community in the [[Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic]], which numbered between 300 and 700 people, was, like in other parts of the [[USSR]], targeted by the genocidal [[Polish Operation of the NKVD|''Polish Operation'' of the NKVD]].<ref name=basa/>

Following the joint German-Soviet [[invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]] in 1939, the Kyrgyz SSR was one of the destinations for the [[Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)#Mass deportations to the East|deportations of Poles]] from [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|Soviet-occupied eastern Poland]]. In 1941, also some 200 Polish families from [[Karelia]] were deported to the Kyrgyz SSR by the Russians.<ref name=basa/> In early 1942, the Polish [[Anders' Army]] along with thousands of civilians was relocated to the Kyrgyz and [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic|Uzbek]] SSRs.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Ocaleni z "nieludzkiej ziemi"|year=2012|language=pl|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|Instytut Pamięci Narodowej]]|location=Łódź|page=102|isbn=978-83-63695-00-2}}</ref> The Polish [[Tank Training Centre|Tank]] and Artillery Training Centres were based in [[Kayyngdy]] and [[Kara-Suu]], respectively, and the automobile battalions were dispatched to [[Kara-Balta]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wroclaw.ipn.gov.pl/download/89/441936/ARMIAANDERSAdodruku.pdf|title=Tworzenie Armii Polskiej w ZSRS w 1941–1942|website=Instytut Pamięci Narodowej|language=pl|access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref> The Poles suffered from epidemics and famine and thousands died.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Ocaleni z "nieludzkiej ziemi"|page=48}}</ref> There is a [[List of Polish war cemeteries|Polish cemetery]] in [[Jalal-Abad]]. In 1942, the army with thousands of [[Evacuation of Polish civilians from the USSR in World War II|civilians]] was evacuated to [[Iran]]. As of 1943, there were still over 11,000 Polish citizens in the Kyrgyz SSR, according to Soviet data.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Masiarz|first=Władysław|year=1997|title=Przesiedlenie i repatriacja Polaków z Azji Środkowej w 1946 r.|magazine=Zesłaniec|language=pl|location=Warszawa|issue=2|page=109}}</ref> After the war, over 11,500 Poles were repatriated from the Kyrgyz SSR to Poland in 1946–1948.<ref>Masiarz, p. 113</ref>

In the 1950s and 1960s, Poles deported to [[Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic|Kazakhstan]] in 1936 were moving to Kyrgyzstan because of the warmer climate.<ref name=basa/>


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 09:17, 11 January 2024

Poles in Kyrgyzstan
Total population
1,400[1] (2007, est.)
Related ethnic groups
Poles in Kazakhstan, Poles in Turkmenistan, Poles in Uzbekistan

Poles in Kyrgyzstan form a small population, part of the Polish diaspora in Central Asia. Polish presence in Kyrgyzstan dates back to the 19th century.

History

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1890240—    
1926282+17.5%
1939808+186.5%
19591,086+34.4%
19701,448+33.3%
19791,961+35.4%
19891,389−29.2%
Sources:[2][3][4][5][6][7]

In 1890, 240 Poles lived in present-day Kyrgyzstan.[2] According to the 1897 census, the largest Polish community, with 188 people, was in Osh.[8]

In 1937–1938, the Polish community in the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic, which numbered between 300 and 700 people, was, like in other parts of the USSR, targeted by the genocidal Polish Operation of the NKVD.[2]

Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in 1939, the Kyrgyz SSR was one of the destinations for the deportations of Poles from Soviet-occupied eastern Poland. In 1941, also some 200 Polish families from Karelia were deported to the Kyrgyz SSR by the Russians.[2] In early 1942, the Polish Anders' Army along with thousands of civilians was relocated to the Kyrgyz and Uzbek SSRs.[9] The Polish Tank and Artillery Training Centres were based in Kayyngdy and Kara-Suu, respectively, and the automobile battalions were dispatched to Kara-Balta.[10] The Poles suffered from epidemics and famine and thousands died.[11] There is a Polish cemetery in Jalal-Abad. In 1942, the army with thousands of civilians was evacuated to Iran. As of 1943, there were still over 11,000 Polish citizens in the Kyrgyz SSR, according to Soviet data.[12] After the war, over 11,500 Poles were repatriated from the Kyrgyz SSR to Poland in 1946–1948.[13]

In the 1950s and 1960s, Poles deported to Kazakhstan in 1936 were moving to Kyrgyzstan because of the warmer climate.[2]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Polonia w liczbach". Wspólnota Polska (in Polish). Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e Abdrachmanow, Bołotbek Dżumaszowicz; Asekowa, Sałtanat Urumowna (2019). "Z historii "operacji narodowościowych" NKWD lat 1937–1938 w Kirgizji. Represje wobec mniejszości etnicznych (na przykładzie narodowości polskiej)". Przegląd Nauk Historycznych (in Polish). 18 (1). Translated by Głowacki, Albin. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego: 113. ISSN 2450-7660.
  3. ^ "Киргизская АССР (1926)". Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  4. ^ "Киргизская ССР (1939)". Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  5. ^ "Киргизская ССР (1970)". Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  6. ^ "Киргизская ССР (1979)". Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  7. ^ "Киргизская ССР (1989)". Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  8. ^ Первая Всеобщая перепись населения Российской империи, 1897 г. (in Russian). Vol. LXXXIX. 1904. p. 60.
  9. ^ Ocaleni z "nieludzkiej ziemi" (in Polish). Łódź: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. 2012. p. 102. ISBN 978-83-63695-00-2.
  10. ^ "Tworzenie Armii Polskiej w ZSRS w 1941–1942" (PDF). Instytut Pamięci Narodowej (in Polish). Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  11. ^ Ocaleni z "nieludzkiej ziemi". p. 48.
  12. ^ Masiarz, Władysław (1997). "Przesiedlenie i repatriacja Polaków z Azji Środkowej w 1946 r.". Zesłaniec (in Polish). No. 2. Warszawa. p. 109.
  13. ^ Masiarz, p. 113
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