Liberal Initiative: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Liberal political party in Portugal}} |
{{short description|Liberal political party in Portugal}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date= |
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}} |
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{{Infobox political party |
{{Infobox political party |
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| country = Portugal |
| country = Portugal |
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| president = [[Rui Rocha]] |
| president = [[Rui Rocha]] |
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| leader1_title = Vice presidents |
| leader1_title = Vice presidents |
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| leader1_name = [[Bernardo Blanco]]<br />Angélique da Teresa<br />Ricardo Pais Oliveira <br /> Ana Martins |
| leader1_name = [[Bernardo Blanco]]<br />Angélique da Teresa<br />Ricardo Pais Oliveira <br />[[Ana Martins (politician)|Ana Martins]] |
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| secretary_general = Miguel Rangel |
| secretary_general = Miguel Rangel |
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| foundation = 13 December 2017 |
| foundation = 13 December 2017 |
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| headquarters = Avenida do Bessa, 158 E 4100-012 [[Porto]] |
| headquarters = Avenida do Bessa, 158 E 4100-012 [[Porto]] |
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| membership_year = |
| membership_year = 2023 |
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| membership = 6,300<ref name="membership">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dn.pt/edicao-do-dia/18-fev-2023/psd-esta-sem-visao-reformista-e-sem-urgencia-de-transformar-o-pais-15858295.html|title=PSD está sem "visão reformista" e sem "urgência de transformar o país"|website=www.dn.pt}}</ref> |
| membership = {{increase}} 6,300<ref name="membership">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dn.pt/edicao-do-dia/18-fev-2023/psd-esta-sem-visao-reformista-e-sem-urgencia-de-transformar-o-pais-15858295.html|title=PSD está sem "visão reformista" e sem "urgência de transformar o país"|website=www.dn.pt}}</ref> |
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| ideology = <!-- It is important to seek and gain broad consensus on the article talk page before changing this -->{{ubl|class=nowrap| |
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| ideology = [[Liberalism]]<br>[[Pro-Europeanism]] |
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|[[Liberalism]] |
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| colours = {{color box|{{party color|Liberal Initiative}}|border=darkgray}} [[Sky Blue|Sky blue]] |
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}} |
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| colours = {{color box|{{party color|Liberal Initiative}}|border=darkgray}} [[Sky Blue]] |
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| seats1_title = [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Assembly of the Republic]] |
| seats1_title = [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Assembly of the Republic]] |
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| seats1 = {{Composition bar|8|230|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|8|230|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
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| seats2_title = [[European Parliament]] |
| seats2_title = [[European Parliament]] |
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| seats2 = {{Composition bar| |
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|2|21|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
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| seats3_title = [[Autonomous regions of Portugal|Regional<br />Parliaments]] |
| seats3_title = [[Autonomous regions of Portugal|Regional<br />Parliaments]] |
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| seats3 = {{Composition bar|2|104|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|2|104|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
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| seats5_title = [[Freguesia|Local government<br />(Parishes)]] |
| seats5_title = [[Freguesia|Local government<br />(Parishes)]] |
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| seats5 = {{composition bar|0|3091|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
| seats5 = {{composition bar|0|3091|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
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| position = |
| position = <!-- It is important to seek and gain broad consensus on the article talk page before changing this -->[[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]{{refn|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://observador.pt/2021/12/12/iniciativa-liberal-e-um-partido-de-esquerda-ou-direita-o-que-respondem-os-militantes-da-il/|title= Iniciativa Liberal é um partido de esquerda ou direita? O que respondem os membros da IL|date= 12 December 2021|website= [[Observador]]|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/portugal-tera-parlamento-mais-plural-com-estreia-da-extrema-direita-24002577|title= Portugal terá Parlamento mais plural e com estreia da extrema direita|date= 7 October 2019|website= [[O Globo]]|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cnnportugal.iol.pt/iniciativa-liberal/cds-pp/a-direita-tradicional-e-liberal-discordam-em-tudo-menos-numa-coisa-o-chega/20220105/61d5e89b0cf21847f0a340a2|title= O debate em que a Iniciativa Liberal pisca à esquerda e à direita como Ruth Marlene e o CDS "cancela um grupo parlamentar inteiro"|date= 5 January 2022|website= [[CNN Portugal]]|language=pt}}</ref>}} to [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]]{{refn|<ref name= right1 /><ref name= right2 /><ref name= right3 />}} |
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| european = [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe]] |
| european = [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe]] |
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| europarl = [[Renew Europe]] |
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| symbol = [[File:Iniciativa Liberal (Símbolo Eleitoral).png|13px]] |
| symbol = [[File:Iniciativa Liberal (Símbolo Eleitoral).png|13px]] |
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| flag = File:Bandeira da Iniciativa Liberal.png |
| flag = File:Bandeira da Iniciativa Liberal.png |
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| website = {{URL|https://iniciativaliberal.pt |
| website = {{URL|https://iniciativaliberal.pt/|iniciativaliberal.pt}} |
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| footnotes = |
| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Liberal Initiative |
The '''Liberal Initiative''' ({{langx|pt|Iniciativa Liberal}}, {{IPA|pt|inisjɐˈtivɐ liβɨˈɾal|pron}}, '''IL''') is a [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[list of political parties in Portugal|political party in Portugal]]. Founded in 2017, it is currently led by [[Rui Rocha]]. The party has been described as being on the political right by academics and journalists.<ref name="right1">{{cite book |last1=Giorgi |first1=Elisabetta De |last2=Santana-Pereira |first2=José |title=The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-46262-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLs8EAAAQBAJ |language=en |quote="(...) due to both the rise of two new right-wing parties, the liberal IL (Iniciativa Liberal – Liberal Initiative) (...)"}}</ref><ref name="right2">{{cite book |first1=Catarina Santos |last1=Botelho |first2=Ana Teresa |last2= Ribeiro |chapter=Portugal |chapter-url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3742104 |editor-last1=Albert |editor-first1=Richard |editor-last2=Landau |editor-first2=David E. |editor-last3=Faraguna |editor-first3=Pietro |editor-last4=Drugda |editor-first4=Simon |title=I-CONnect-Clough Center 2019 Global Review of Constitutional Law: Country Reports |date=2020 |publisher=Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy |ssrn=3742104 |isbn=978-1-7343197-1-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyAfzgEACAAJ |language=en |quote="(...) two new right-wing parties (the radical right 'CHEGA' and the liberals 'Iniciativa Liberal') entered the Portuguese parliament (...)"}}</ref><ref name="right3">{{harvc |last1=Jalali |first1=Carlos |last2=Moniz |first2=Joāo |last3=Silva |first3=Patrícia |year=2021 |c=In the Shadow of the 'Government of the Left': The 2019 Legislative Elections in Portugal |pp=229-255 |in1=Giorgi |in2=Santana-Pereira}} "The third noteworthy party on the right was IL (Iniciativa Liberal – Liberal Initiative) (...)"</ref> It has 8 elected seats out of a total of 230 in the [[Portuguese Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sobre os grupos parlamentares |url=https://www.parlamento.pt:443/DeputadoGP/Paginas/GruposParlamentares_sobre.aspx |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=www.parlamento.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> |
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It has 8 elected [[members of the parliament]] out of a total of 230 seats in the [[Portuguese Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sobre os grupos parlamentares |url=https://www.parlamento.pt:443/DeputadoGP/Paginas/GruposParlamentares_sobre.aspx |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=www.parlamento.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> |
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The party was founded in December 2017, and in October 2019, its debut year at the Portuguese legislative elections, it [[2019 Portuguese legislative election|won one seat in the Portuguese Parliament]].<ref name=":1" /> It had run in its [[2019 European Parliament election in Portugal|first elections]] in May 2019 for the [[European Parliament]] and in 2020 supported its first government coalition, at regional level, after the [[2020 Azorean regional election]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tsf.pt/portugal/politica/iniciativa-liberal-anuncia-acordo-com-psd-para-viabilizacao-de-governo-nos-acores-13011462.html|title=Iniciativa Liberal anuncia acordo com PSD para viabilização de governo nos Açores|date= |
The party was founded in December 2017, and in October 2019, its debut year at the Portuguese legislative elections, it [[2019 Portuguese legislative election|won one seat in the Portuguese Parliament]].<ref name=":1" /> It had run in its [[2019 European Parliament election in Portugal|first elections]] in May 2019 for the [[European Parliament]] and in 2020 supported its first government coalition, at regional level, after the [[2020 Azorean regional election]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tsf.pt/portugal/politica/iniciativa-liberal-anuncia-acordo-com-psd-para-viabilizacao-de-governo-nos-acores-13011462.html|title=Iniciativa Liberal anuncia acordo com PSD para viabilização de governo nos Açores|date=7 November 2020|website=TSF Rádio Notícias}}</ref> |
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The party espouses a [[libertarianism|libertarian]]-influenced economic platform, including support for a [[flat income tax]], [[privatisation]]s and [[liberalisation]] of the [[labour market]].<ref name="Marchi2022">{{cite book|author1=Riccardo Marchi|author2=Andre Azevedo Alves|chapter=The Right and the Far Right in the Portuguese Democracy (1974-2022)|editor1=António Costa Pinto|editor2=Jorge M. Fernandes|editor3= Pedro C. Magalhães|title=The Oxford Handbook of Portuguese Politics|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EaCTEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA113|publisher=OUP Oxford|year=2022|isbn=978-0-19-266773-1|page=113}}</ref> However, it intends to preserve an equitable and universal [[welfare state]] to a certain extent.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=O Estado social da Iniciativa Liberal |url=https://expresso.pt/opiniao/2019-10-15-O-Estado-social-da-Iniciativa-Liberal |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Jornal Expresso |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref name="Portugal">{{Cite web |last=Portugal |first=Rádio e Televisão de |date= |
The party espouses a [[libertarianism|libertarian]]-influenced economic platform, including support for a [[flat income tax]], [[privatisation]]s and [[liberalisation]] of the [[labour market]].<ref name="Marchi2022">{{cite book|author1=Riccardo Marchi|author2=Andre Azevedo Alves|chapter=The Right and the Far Right in the Portuguese Democracy (1974-2022)|editor1=António Costa Pinto|editor2=Jorge M. Fernandes|editor3= Pedro C. Magalhães|title=The Oxford Handbook of Portuguese Politics|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EaCTEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA113|publisher=OUP Oxford|year=2022|isbn=978-0-19-266773-1|page=113}}</ref> However, it intends to preserve an equitable and universal [[welfare state]] to a certain extent.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=O Estado social da Iniciativa Liberal |url=https://expresso.pt/opiniao/2019-10-15-O-Estado-social-da-Iniciativa-Liberal |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Jornal Expresso |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref name="Portugal">{{Cite web |last=Portugal |first=Rádio e Televisão de |date=13 January 2022 |title=Iniciativa Liberal quer menos intervenção do Estado e quintuplicar representação no Parlamento |url=https://www.rtp.pt/noticias/mundo/iniciativa-liberal-quer-menos-intervencao-do-estado-e-quintuplicar-representacao-no-parlamento_es1376166 |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Iniciativa Liberal quer menos intervenção do Estado e quintuplicar representação no Parlamento |language=pt}}</ref> In other dimensions of life, the party favours views aligned with [[Cultural liberalism|cultural]] and [[secular liberalism]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sampaio |first=Gustavo |date=22 July 2017 |title=Há algum partido verdadeiramente liberal em Portugal? |url=https://jornaleconomico.pt/noticias/ha-algum-partido-verdadeiramente-liberal-em-portugal-185554/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=O Jornal Económico - Notícias, Economia, Política, Empresas, Mercados e Opinião |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref name="Portugal com rumo liberal">{{Cite web |date=21 February 2023 |title=Portugal com rumo liberal |url=https://expresso.pt/opiniao/2023-02-21-Portugal-com-rumo-liberal-d1a346aa |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Expresso |language=pt}}</ref> |
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== History == |
== History == |
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{{see also|Liberalism in Portugal}} |
{{see also|Liberalism in Portugal}} |
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The Liberal Initiative was founded as an association in 2016, and was approved as a party by the [[Constitutional Court (Portugal)|Constitutional Court]] in 2017.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://eco.sapo.pt/2017/12/16/iniciativa-liberal-ja-e-um-partido/|title=Iniciativa Liberal já é um partido|date=December |
The Liberal Initiative was founded as an association in 2016, and was approved as a party by the [[Constitutional Court (Portugal)|Constitutional Court]] in 2017.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://eco.sapo.pt/2017/12/16/iniciativa-liberal-ja-e-um-partido/|title=Iniciativa Liberal já é um partido|date=16 December 2017|website=ECO}}</ref> It was admitted to the [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party]], a [[European political party]], in November 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aldeparty.eu/alde_member_parties|title=ALDE Member Parties|website=ALDE Party}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aldeparty.eu/meet_our_leaders_joao_cotrim_figueiredo|title=Meet our leaders: João Cotrim Figueiredo (Iniciativa Liberal, Portugal)|website=ALDE Party}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aldeparty.eu/news/alde-welcomes-new-member-parties |title=ALDE welcomes new member parties {{!}} ALDE Party |website=www.aldeparty.eu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202052525/https://www.aldeparty.eu/news/alde-welcomes-new-member-parties |archive-date=2017-12-02}}</ref> having run for election for the first time in the [[2019 European Parliament election in Portugal]], garnering 0.9% of the votes, and failing to win any seats in the [[European Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eleicoes.mai.gov.pt/europeias2019/|title=Europeias 2019 – Resultados Globais|website=www.eleicoes.mai.gov.pt|access-date=2019-10-17}}</ref> In the [[2019 Portuguese legislative election|2019 legislative election]], the party won a single seat in the [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Portuguese Parliament]] through the [[electoral district]] of [[Lisbon]], earning 67,681 votes in total, equivalent to 1.3% of the votes cast.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.legislativas2019.mai.gov.pt/|title=Legislativas 2019 – Resultados Globais|website=www.legislativas2019.mai.gov.pt|access-date=2019-10-17|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727143954/https://www.legislativas2019.mai.gov.pt/|url-status=dead}}</ref> At regional level, IL supported its first government coalition after the [[2020 Azorean regional election]].<ref name="auto"/> In the [[2021 Portuguese local elections]], it won 26 seats in [[Assembleia Municipal|municipal assemblies]], and none in [[Câmara municipal|municipal councils]].<ref name="ObservadorResults">{{Cite web|url=https://observador.pt/interativo/veja-todos-os-resultados-das-autarquicas-2/#/|title=Resultados Autárquicas 2021. Veja quem ganhou no seu município e na sua freguesia|date=26 September 2021|access-date=2021-12-29|website=[[Observador]]}}</ref> In the [[2022 Portuguese legislative election|2022 legislative election]], the Liberal Initiative party increased the number of its [[Member of parliament|MPs]] from one to eight with 5.0% of the vote.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=Portugal election: Key takeaways as Socialists cement power |url=https://www.euronews.com/2022/01/31/portugal-election-three-takeaways-as-socialists-cement-power |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=euronews |language=en}}</ref> Besides [[João Cotrim Figueiredo]] (already a MP at the Portuguese Parliament and incumbent party leader), IL elected seven new MPs for the party, including [[Carlos Guimarães Pinto]] (a former party leader), as MPs. |
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== Ideology and platform == |
== Ideology and platform == |
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{{liberalism sidebar}} |
{{liberalism sidebar}} |
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The party has been described as |
The party has been described as liberal,<ref name="Marchi2022"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Portugal|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/portugal.html|access-date=2022-02-03|website=www.parties-and-elections.eu}}</ref> [[neoliberalism|neoliberal]],<ref name="Giorgi2024">{{cite book|editor1=Alberta Giorgi|editor2=Júlia Garraio|editor3=Teresa Toldy|chapter=Glossary|title=Religion, Gender, and Populism in the Mediterranean|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2024|isbn=9781000987515|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qvnZEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT136|page=136}}</ref> [[liberal right]],<ref name="MCL2023">{{cite book|author=Marina Costa Lobo| |
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chapter=Portugal: EU Issue Voting in Mainstream and Challenger Parties|editor=Marina Costa Lobo|title=The Impact of EU Politicisation on Voting Behaviour in Europe|publisher=Springer Nature|year=2023|isbn= 9783031291876|url=https://books.google. |
chapter=Portugal: EU Issue Voting in Mainstream and Challenger Parties|editor=Marina Costa Lobo|title=The Impact of EU Politicisation on Voting Behaviour in Europe|publisher=Springer Nature|year=2023|isbn= 9783031291876|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnC9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA281|page=281}}</ref> [[libertarianism|libertarian]],<ref name="Marchi2022"/><ref name="Lisi2021">{{cite book|author1=Marco Lisi|author2=Edalina Rodrigues Sanches|author3=Jayane dos Santos Maia|chapter=Party System Renewal or Business as Usual? Continuity and Change in Post Post-Bailout Portugal|editor1=Elisabetta De Giorgi|editor2=José Santana-Pereira|title=The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jQxIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|date=2021|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-000-46262-3|page=53}}</ref><ref name="FernandesWon2021">{{cite book|editor1=Hanna Back|editor2=Marc Debus|editor3=Jorge M. Fernandes|title=The Politics of Legislative Debates|author1=Jorge M. Fernandes|author2=Miguel Won|chapter=Portugal: debating in a party-centred legislature|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi5CEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA677|year=2021|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn= 978-0-19-884906-3|page=677}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 January 2022|title=Portugal votes in close-fought election|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220130-portugal-votes-in-close-fought-election|access-date=2022-02-03|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Sam|date=30 January 2022|title=Portugal's ruling Socialist party on course to win snap general election|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/30/portugal-far-right-poised-to-play-key-role-after-snap-election|access-date=2022-02-03|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> and [[Social liberalism|social liberal]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vasconcelos e Sousa |first=João |date=22 January 2023 |title=Sociais-liberais contra conservadores: há "luta de classes" na IL? |url=https://www.jn.pt/nacional/sociais-liberais-contra-conservadores-ha-luta-de-classes-na-il-15702338.html/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126054658/https://www.jn.pt/nacional/sociais-liberais-contra-conservadores-ha-luta-de-classes-na-il-15702338.html |archive-date=2023-01-26 |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=Jornal de Notícias |language=pt}}</ref> It has been described as centre-right<ref name="CentreRight12">{{cite news|date=31 August 2019|title=PS mais absoluto, PSD em queda livre. Aliança e Iniciativa Liberal podem eleger|newspaper=[[TSF (radio station)|TSF]]|url=https://www.tsf.pt/portugal/politica/ps-mais-absoluto-psd-em-queda-livre-alianca-e-iniciativa-liberal-podem-eleger-11252330.html}}</ref><ref name="CentreRight22">{{cite news|date=7 August 2019|title=Voltou a guerra dos cartazes. PS diz "cumprimos", Iniciativa Liberal satiriza "com primos"|newspaper=[[Renascença]]|url=https://rr.sapo.pt/2019/08/07/legislativas-2019/voltou-a-guerra-dos-cartazes-ps-diz-cumprimos-iniciativa-liberal-satiriza-com-primos/noticia/amp/160469/}}</ref> and right-wing,<ref name="Novais2023">{{cite book|author=Rui Alexandre Novais|chapter=A Game of Masks: The Communicative Performance of the Portuguese Populist Far-Right|editor1=Luísa Magalhães|editor2=Cândido Oliveira Martins|title=Masks and Human Connections: Disruptive Meanings and Cultural Challenges|publisher=Springer Nature|year=2023|isbn= 9783031166730|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9RGrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88|page=88}}</ref><ref name="FernandesWon2021"/><ref name="Carvalho2022">{{cite book|author=João Carvalho|chapter=Portugal: From Exception to the Epicentre|editor=Kennet Lynggaard|editor2=Mads Dagnis Jensen|editor3=Michael Kluth|title=Governments' Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic in Europe: Navigating the Perfect Storm|publisher=Springer Nature|year=2022|isbn=9783031141454|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHKfEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69|page=69}}</ref><ref name="BorghettoLisi2020">{{cite book|editor1=Marco Lisi|editor2=André Freire|editor3= Emmanouil Tsatsanis|author1=Enrico Borghetto|author2=Marco Lisi|chapter=Legislative activities before and after the Great Recession|title=Political Representation and Citizenship in Portugal: From Crisis to Renewal|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9LoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197|year=2020|publisher=Lexington|isbn= 978-1-7936-0116-2|page=197}}</ref><ref name="Right1">{{cite SSRN |date=7 February 2021 |author1=Catarina Santos Botelho |author2=Ana Teresa Ribeiro |title=Portugal – The 2019 I·CONnect-Clough Center Global Review of Constitutional Law |ssrn=3742104}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=3 February 2021|title=The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal: A Comparative Outlook|journal=South European Society and Politics|volume=25|issue=2|pages=127–150|doi=10.1080/13608746.2021.1872152|s2cid=231955442|editor=Elisabetta De Giorgi|doi-access=free}}</ref> with its policy base described as combining economic liberalism with more [[Progressivism|progressive]] stances on cultural issues.<ref name="BorghettoLisi2020"/><ref name="Jalali">{{Cite book|last1=Jalali|first1=Carlos|title=Portugal Report|last2=Bruneau|first2=Thomas|last3=Colino|first3=Cesar|publisher=Sustainable Governance Indicators|year=2020|page=7}}</ref> |
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According to its own official statements about this topic, the Liberal Initiative was founded with the [[Oxford Manifesto]] in mind and believes in individual [[freedom]], by which all individuals have fundamental rights, including the possibility of having a life of their own, owning property or choosing how they want to live in their community, closely following the principles of [[classical liberalism]].<ref name=":2"/> The party's conception of freedom encompasses both the economic and social spheres as well as the political and [[Individualism|individual]] spheres,<ref>Porto Editora – Iniciativa Liberal (partido político) na Infopédia [em linha]. Porto: Porto Editora. [consult. |
According to its own official statements about this topic, the Liberal Initiative was founded with the [[Oxford Manifesto]] in mind and believes in individual [[freedom]], by which all individuals have fundamental rights, including the possibility of having a life of their own, owning property or choosing how they want to live in their community, closely following the principles of [[classical liberalism]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://proa.ua.pt/index.php/jdmi/article/view/3822/2892|title=A Construção da Identidade dos Novos Partidos em Páginas Oficiais do Facebook|date=2019|editor1=Jorge Martins Rosa|editor2=Daniel Cardoso}}</ref> The party's conception of freedom encompasses both the economic and social spheres as well as the political and [[Individualism|individual]] spheres,<ref>Porto Editora – Iniciativa Liberal (partido político) na Infopédia [em linha]. Porto: Porto Editora. [consult. 25 September 2023 09:36:48]. Disponível em https://www.infopedia.pt/$iniciativa-liberal-(partido-politico)</ref> and believes that if any of them are restricted, freedom ceases to exist.<ref name="Sampaio">{{Cite web |last=Sampaio |first=Gustavo |date=22 July 2017 |title="Os liberais não querem destruir o Estado, querem um Estado forte e eficiente para atuar quando deve atuar" |url=https://jornaleconomico.pt/noticias/os-liberais-nao-querem-destruir-o-estado-querem-um-estado-forte-e-eficiente-para-atuar-quando-deve-atuar-185558/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=O Jornal Económico - Notícias, Economia, Política, Empresas, Mercados e Opinião |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2022 |title=Há três ou quatro anos? "Quase que era um crime falar de liberalismo" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/politica/2081301/ha-tres-ou-quatro-anos-quase-que-era-um-crime-falar-de-liberalismo |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Torres |first=Francisco Pimentel |date=26 September 2019 |title=Liberalismo e liberdade individual e igualdade perante a lei |url=https://vilanovaonline.pt/2019/09/26/liberalismo-e-liberdade-individual-e-igualdade-perante-a-lei/ |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=VILA NOVA |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pinto |first=Sónia |date=22 December 2022 |title='A Iniciativa Liberal vai chegar ao Governo' |url=https://sol.sapo.pt/2022/12/11/a-iniciativa-liberal-vai-chegar-ao-governo/ |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=SOL}}</ref> The party's political ideas are based on the idea of freedom as the greatest engine of human development, social harmony and economic prosperity.<ref name="Sampaio"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dinheirovivo.pt/economia/iniciativa-liberal-livre-e-chega-o-que-defendem-os-novos-partidos-12773949.html|title=Iniciativa Liberal, Livre e Chega. O que defendem os novos partidos?|date=7 October 2019|website=Dinheiro Vivo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://expresso.pt/legislativas-2019/2019-10-07-Iniciativa-Liberal.-Eles-querem-ser-os-rebeldes-responsaveis-do-Parlamento|title=Iniciativa Liberal. Eles querem ser os "rebeldes responsáveis" do Parlamento|website=Jornal Expresso}}</ref><ref name="Portugal com rumo liberal"/> The party's leaders and founders have ascertained that they envisage Portugal as a country that will model itself on [[Healthcare in Germany|Germany's multi-payer health care system]] – which is paid for by a combination of public health insurance and private health insurance – on [[Ireland as a tax haven|Ireland's corporate tax policy]] and on Estonia's fiscal, educational, and [[E-government in Europe#Estonia|public administration systems]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://liberalmayan.pt/2021/01/tiago-mayan-debate-com-andre-ventura/|title=Tiago Mayan debate com André Ventura|website=Mayan 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://observador.pt/2019/02/15/iniciativa-liberal-quer-ex-primeiro-ministro-da-estonia-a-pensar-a-reforma-do-estado-portugues/|title=Iniciativa Liberal quer ex-Primeiro-Ministro da Estónia a pensar a reforma do estado português|first=Miguel Viterbo|last=Dias|website=Observador}}</ref> following classical liberal economic policies. |
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On 5 May 2018, the Liberal Initiative approved its political programme under the slogan "Less State, More Freedom" (''Menos Estado, Mais Liberdade'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ionline.sapo.pt/artigo/610907/parece-que-nao-sabem-que-o-muro-de-berlim-caiu-e-o-sistema-falhou?seccao=Portugal_i|title="Parece que não sabem que o muro de Berlim caiu e o sistema falhou"|website=ionline}}</ref> The party proposes the reduction of the number of |
On 5 May 2018, the Liberal Initiative approved its political programme under the slogan "Less State, More Freedom" (''Menos Estado, Mais Liberdade'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ionline.sapo.pt/artigo/610907/parece-que-nao-sabem-que-o-muro-de-berlim-caiu-e-o-sistema-falhou?seccao=Portugal_i|title="Parece que não sabem que o muro de Berlim caiu e o sistema falhou"|website=ionline|date=6 May 2018 }}</ref> The party proposes the reduction of the number of civil servants and the extension of their health system to all Portuguese citizens, as well as extending the freedom for parents to choose their children's school without it necessarily being linked to their address.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dn.pt/lusa/iniciativa-liberal-aprova-programa-politico-que-defende-reducao-de-funcionarios-publicos-9312228.html|title=Iniciativa Liberal aprova programa político que defende redução de funcionários públicos|website=www.dn.pt}}</ref> |
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The party rejects to be simplistically described as a blind follower of the political philosophy of [[libertarianism]], arguing that while it defends a [[Libertarian conservatism|small government]] and opposes [[economic interventionism]] in principle, it also defends an effective government which guarantees the [[rule of law]], [[universal healthcare]], [[universal education]], [[social security]] and a [[welfare state]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ionline.sapo.pt/artigo/679243/joao-cotrim-figueiredo-ninguem-da-iniciativa-liberal-esta-a-procura-de-um-tacho?seccao=Portugal_i | title=João Cotrim Figueiredo. 'Ninguém da Iniciativa Liberal está à procura de um tacho' }}</ref> The party said that it doesn't want to dismantle the Portuguese welfare state, but instead wants to "rationalize it" based on the principles of "[[Sustainability accounting|sustainability]] and equity" by redefining its fairness proposition from the point of view of both social welfare beneficiaries/non-beneficiaries and taxpayers, regardless of age, current or previous occupation and other individual factors.<ref name="Portugal"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Castro |first=Carla |title=Reforma do Sistema de Pensões – é dificil, mas tem de ser |url=https://www.publico.pt/2023/05/01/opiniao/opiniao/reforma-sistema-pensoes-dificil-2048080 |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> |
The party, which describes itself as a liberal party of all types of liberalism,<ref>{{Cite web |title=O PARTIDO DE TODOS OS LIBERAIS |url=https://iniciativaliberal.pt/identidade/ |website=Iniciativa Liberal}}</ref> rejects to be simplistically described as a blind follower of the political philosophy of [[libertarianism]], arguing that while it defends a [[Libertarian conservatism|small government]] and opposes [[economic interventionism]] in principle, it also defends an effective government which guarantees the [[rule of law]], [[universal healthcare]], [[universal education]], [[social security]] and a [[welfare state]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ionline.sapo.pt/artigo/679243/joao-cotrim-figueiredo-ninguem-da-iniciativa-liberal-esta-a-procura-de-um-tacho?seccao=Portugal_i | title=João Cotrim Figueiredo. 'Ninguém da Iniciativa Liberal está à procura de um tacho' | date=5 December 2019 }}</ref> The party said that it doesn't want to dismantle the Portuguese welfare state, but instead wants to "rationalize it" based on the principles of "[[Sustainability accounting|sustainability]] and equity" by redefining its fairness proposition from the point of view of both social welfare beneficiaries/non-beneficiaries and taxpayers, regardless of age, current or previous occupation and other individual factors.<ref name="Portugal"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Castro |first=Carla |title=Reforma do Sistema de Pensões – é dificil, mas tem de ser |url=https://www.publico.pt/2023/05/01/opiniao/opiniao/reforma-sistema-pensoes-dificil-2048080 |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=PÚBLICO |date=May 2023 |language=pt}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> |
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=== Platform for the 2019 legislative election === |
=== Platform for the 2019 legislative election === |
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Line 67: | Line 68: | ||
== Party factions == |
== Party factions == |
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The Liberal Initiative has a number of internal factions:<ref>{{Cite web |last=seguir |first=Melissa Lopes-Autor marcado para |title=Rui Rocha eleito o novo presidente da Iniciativa Liberal |url=https://onovo.pt/politica/rui-rocha-eleito-o-novo-presidente-da-iniciativa-liberal-OE13609412 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=onovo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Mariana Lima Cunha |author2=Inês André Figueiredo |title=Apupos, "carneirada", "ignorantes" e "paus mandados". O dia em que as fraturas na IL ficaram expostas |others=Photography by João Porfírio |url=https://observador.pt/especiais/apupos-carneirada-ignorantes-e-paus-mandados-o-dia-em-que-as-fraturas-na-il-ficaram-expostas/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopes |first=Melissa |date=23 June 2023 |title=Iniciativa Liberal: disputa no núcleo de Lisboa replica luta interna |url=https://onovo.sapo.pt/noticias/iniciativa-liberal-disputa-no-nucleo-de-lisboa-replica-luta-interna/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Jornal NOVO |language=pt-PT}}</ref> |
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{{Original research|section|date=January 2024}} |
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The Liberal Initiative has a number of internal factions:<ref>{{Cite web |last=seguir |first=Melissa Lopes-Autor marcado para |title=Rui Rocha eleito o novo presidente da Iniciativa Liberal |url=https://onovo.pt/politica/rui-rocha-eleito-o-novo-presidente-da-iniciativa-liberal-OE13609412 |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=onovo.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author1=Mariana Lima Cunha |author2=Inês André Figueiredo |title=Apupos, "carneirada", "ignorantes" e "paus mandados". O dia em que as fraturas na IL ficaram expostas |others=Photography by João Porfírio |url=https://observador.pt/especiais/apupos-carneirada-ignorantes-e-paus-mandados-o-dia-em-que-as-fraturas-na-il-ficaram-expostas/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}</ref> |
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[[File:Rui Rocha, VII Convenção Nacional Iniciativa Liberal (Agência Lusa).png|thumb|[[Rui Rocha]], current party leader.]] |
[[File:Rui Rocha, VII Convenção Nacional Iniciativa Liberal (Agência Lusa).png|thumb|[[Rui Rocha]], current party leader.]] |
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=== Classical liberalism === |
=== Classical liberalism === |
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This faction defends opposition to [[socialism]] through [[classical liberalism]], calling for a low tax burden and promoting "efficient, effective and accountable government", while defending respect for individual, social, political and economic freedoms.<ref name="jn.pt">{{Cite web |title=Sociais-liberais contra conservadores: há "luta de classes" na IL? |url=https://www.jn.pt/nacional/sociais-liberais-contra-conservadores-ha-luta-de-classes-na-il-15702338.html |access-date= |
This faction defends opposition to [[socialism]] through [[classical liberalism]], calling for a low tax burden and promoting "efficient, effective and accountable government", while defending respect for individual, social, political and economic freedoms.<ref name="jn.pt">{{Cite web |last=Spranger |first=Paulo |date=22 January 2023 |title=Sociais-liberais contra conservadores: há "luta de classes" na IL? |url=https://www.jn.pt/nacional/sociais-liberais-contra-conservadores-ha-luta-de-classes-na-il-15702338.html |access-date= |website=[[Jornal de Notícias]] |language=pt-PT}}</ref> |
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=== Social liberalism === |
=== Social liberalism === |
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This faction adheres to the principles of [[social liberalism]].<ref name="jn.pt"/> In 2024, a former candidate to the leadership of IL left it and is trying to establish a new party, the Social Liberal Party.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gomes |first=Margarida |date=2024-06-04 |title=Dissidentes da IL querem novo partido liberal já para disputar autárquicas de 2025 |url=https://www.publico.pt/2024/06/04/politica/noticia/dissidentes-il-querem-novo-partido-liberal-ja-disputar-autarquicas-2025-2092755 |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}</ref> |
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This faction adheres to the principles of [[social liberalism]].<ref name="jn.pt"/> |
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=== Libertarianism === |
=== Libertarianism === |
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The faction espouses an outright [[libertarianism|libertarian]] platform with [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] economic and political stances, whose proposals include support for a lower [[flat income tax]], [[Libertarian conservatism|small government]], unprecedented wave of [[privatisation]]s and deeper [[Economic liberalization|economic liberalisation]] of the economy, including in the [[labour market]], able to address modernisation and [[overstaffing]] issues in the civil service, productivity gaps and competitiveness problems of the country in the context of the |
The faction espouses an outright [[libertarianism|libertarian]] platform with [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] economic and political stances, whose proposals include support for a lower [[flat income tax]], [[Libertarian conservatism|small government]], unprecedented wave of [[privatisation]]s and deeper [[Economic liberalization|economic liberalisation]] of the economy, including in the [[labour market]], able to address modernisation and [[overstaffing]] issues in the civil service, productivity gaps and competitiveness problems of the country in the context of the European Union and [[globalization]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2021 |title=Visão {{!}} A barraquinha da Iniciativa Libertária |url=https://visao.pt/opiniao/ponto-de-vista/linhas-direitas/2021-06-13-a-barraquinha-da-iniciativa-libertaria/ |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=Visão |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pimentel |first=José Maria |date=18 October 2019 |title=Oito desejos para um partido liberal em Portugal |url=https://www.publico.pt/2019/10/18/politica/opiniao/partido-liberal-portugal-precisa-1890511 |access-date=2024-02-19 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}</ref> |
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=== Conservative liberalism === |
=== Conservative liberalism === |
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The faction supporting [[Conservative liberalism]], although being [[Economic liberalism|liberal on economic issues]], is more [[Social conservatism|conservative on social issues]].<ref name="jn.pt"/> By 25 November 2023, most of the members from this faction had left the party,<ref>{{Cite web |date= |
The faction supporting [[Conservative liberalism]], although being [[Economic liberalism|liberal on economic issues]], is more [[Social conservatism|conservative on social issues]].<ref name="jn.pt"/> By 25 November 2023, most of the members from this faction had left the party,<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2023 |title=Membros da IL anunciam saída por o partido se ter "tornado numa caricatura" |url=https://www.dn.pt/politica/membros-da-il-anunciam-saida-por-o-partido-se-ter-tornado-numa-caricatura-17382531.html |access-date= |website=[[Diário de Notícias]] |language=pt-PT}}</ref> with two joining [[Chega (political party)|Chega]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2023 |title=Antigo líder da ala conservadora da IL anuncia adesão ao Chega |url=https://www.dn.pt/politica/antigo-lider-da-ala-conservadora-da-il-anuncia-adesao-ao-chega-17394286.html |access-date= |website=[[Diário de Notícias]] |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ex-cabeça de lista da Iniciativa Liberal junta-se ao Chega |url=https://www.dn.pt/politica/ex-cabeca-de-lista-da-iniciativa-liberal-junta-se-ao-chega-17497126.html |website=[[Diário de Notícias]]}}</ref> |
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== Organization == |
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== Organisation, communication and style == |
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=== Structure and communication === |
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[[File:Não votes Iniciativa Liberal, Porto 2019.jpg|thumb|Outdoor.]] |
[[File:Não votes Iniciativa Liberal, Porto 2019.jpg|thumb|Outdoor.]] |
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The party is organised and managed in a decentralised, digitised way. It has no physical headquarters in most municipalities of the country and makes heavy use of [[information and communication technologies]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Figueiredo |first=Inês André |title=Iniciativa Liberal, a "startup política". Não têm sedes, são dissidentes de partidos tradicionais e querem ser como Mayan |url=https://observador.pt/especiais/iniciativa-liberal-a-startup-politica-nao-tem-sedes-sao-dissidentes-de-partidos-tradicionais-e-querem-ser-como-mayan/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Since its foundation, the party made an impact through the acclaimed originality of its communication and marketing campaigns, in particular its eye-catching billboards.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2019 |
The party is organised and managed in a decentralised, digitised way. It has no physical headquarters in most municipalities of the country and makes heavy use of [[information and communication technologies]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Figueiredo |first=Inês André |title=Iniciativa Liberal, a "startup política". Não têm sedes, são dissidentes de partidos tradicionais e querem ser como Mayan |url=https://observador.pt/especiais/iniciativa-liberal-a-startup-politica-nao-tem-sedes-sao-dissidentes-de-partidos-tradicionais-e-querem-ser-como-mayan/ |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=Observador |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Since its foundation, the party made an impact through the acclaimed originality of its communication and marketing campaigns, in particular its eye-catching billboards.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=9 October 2019 |title=Iniciativa Liberal. Uma dúzia de outdoors mudaram a vida do 'partido do Twitter' |url=https://www.dn.pt/poder/iniciativa-liberal-uma-duzia-de-outdoors-mudaram-a-vida-do-partido-do-twitter-11387496.html |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=A Criatividade nas Campanhas Políticas: O Caso do Partido Iniciativa Liberal {{!}} Autónoma Academy |url=https://academy.autonoma.pt/agenda/a-criatividade-nas-campanhas-politicas-o-caso-do-partido-iniciativa-liberal/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Autónoma Academy {{!}} Escola de Pós Graduações da UAL |language=pt-pt}}</ref> |
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== |
=== Leadership === |
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=== |
==== List of presidents ==== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+ |
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! colspan="2" |Name |
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!Portrait |
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!Constituency |
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!Start |
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!End |
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! colspan="2" |Prime minister |
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|- |
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!1 |
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|Miguel Ferreira da Silva<br><small>(b. 1972)</small> |
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|[[File:MiguelFerreiradaSilva.png|90x90px]] |
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|[[Lisbon (Assembly of the Republic constituency)|Lisbon]] |
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|26 November 2017 |
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|13 October 2018 |
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| rowspan="1" style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}"| |
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| rowspan="4" |[[António Costa]] <small>(2015–2024)</small> |
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|- |
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!2 |
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|[[Carlos Guimarães Pinto]]<br><small>(b. 1983)</small> |
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|[[File:CarlosGuimaraesPinto.png|91x91px]] |
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|[[Porto (Assembly of the Republic constituency)|Porto]] |
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|13 October 2018 |
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|8 December 2019 |
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| rowspan="1" style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}"| |
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|- |
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!3 |
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|[[João Cotrim de Figueiredo]]<br><small>(b. 1961)</small> |
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|[[File:JoaoCotrimFigueiredo.png|106x106px]] |
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|[[Lisbon (Assembly of the Republic constituency)|Lisbon]] |
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|8 December 2019 |
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|22 January 2023 |
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| rowspan="1" style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}"| |
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|- |
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! rowspan="2" |4 |
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| rowspan="2" |[[Rui Rocha]]<br><small>(b. 1970)</small> |
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| rowspan="2" |[[File:Debate com Rui Rocha na CNN, Fev.2024 (53539434166) (cropped) (cropped).jpg|88x88px]] |
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| rowspan="2" |[[Braga (Assembly of the Republic constituency)|Braga]] |
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| rowspan="2" |22 January 2023 |
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| rowspan="2" |''present'' |
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| rowspan="1" style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (Portugal)}}"| |
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|- |
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| rowspan="1" style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)}}"| |
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|[[Luís Montenegro]] <small>(2024-present)</small> |
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|} |
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=== Elected politicians === |
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==== Assembly of the Republic ==== |
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{{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=16th Legislature (2024 – present)|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} |
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* [[Bernardo Blanco]] ([[Lisbon (Assembly of the Republic constituency)|Lisbon]]) |
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* [[Mariana Leitão]] (Lisbon) |
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* [[Rodrigo Saraiva]] (Lisbon) |
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* [[Carlos Guimarães Pinto]] ([[Porto (Assembly of the Republic constituency)|Porto]]) |
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* [[Patrícia Gilvaz]] (Porto) |
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* [[Rui Rocha]] ([[Braga (Assembly of the Republic constituency)|Braga]]) |
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* [[Joana Cordeiro]] ([[Setúbal (Assembly of the Republic constituency)|Setúbal]]) |
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* [[Mário Amorim Lopes]] ([[Aveiro (Assembly of the Republic constituency)|Aveiro]]) |
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{{hidden end}} |
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{{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=15th Legislature (2022 – 2024)|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} |
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* [[João Cotrim de Figueiredo]] (Lisbon) |
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* [[Carla Castro]] (Lisbon) |
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* [[Rodrigo Saraiva]] (Lisbon) |
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* [[Bernardo Blanco]] (Lisbon) |
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* [[Carlos Guimarães Pinto]] (Porto) |
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* [[Patrícia Gilvaz]] (Porto) |
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* [[Rui Rocha]] (Braga) |
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* [[Joana Cordeiro]] (Setúbal) |
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{{hidden end}} |
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{{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:#cff|title=14th Legislature (2019 – 2022)|contentstyle=border:solid 1px silver; padding:8px; background:white;}} |
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* [[João Cotrim de Figueiredo]] (Lisbon) |
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{{hidden end}} |
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== Electoral performance == |
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=== Assembly of the Republic === |
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'''Vote share in the Portuguese legislative elections''' |
'''Vote share in the Portuguese legislative elections''' |
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<timeline> |
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{{Graph:Chart |
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|yAxisTitle=% of votes |
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id:IL value:rgb(0.4,0.8,1) legend:IL |
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|x=2019,2022 |
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Period = from:0 till:6 |
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|y=1.3,4.9 |
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ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:2 start:0 |
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bar:Seats color:claret width:27 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S |
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bar:2019 color:IL from:start till:1.3 text:1.3 |
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bar:2022 color:IL from:start till:4.9 text:4.9 |
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bar:2024 color:IL from:start till:4.9 text:4.9 |
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</timeline> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |
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|{{Composition bar|8|230|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
|{{Composition bar|8|230|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
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|{{increase}} 7 |
|{{increase}} 7 |
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|{{no2|Opposition}} |
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|- |
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![[2024 Portuguese legislative election|2024]] |
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|align=left|[[Rui Rocha]] |
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|319,877 |
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|4.9 (#4) |
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|{{Composition bar|8|230|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
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|{{steady}} 0 |
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|{{no2|Opposition}} |
|{{no2|Opposition}} |
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=== Presidential === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |
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|- |
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! Election |
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! width="173px"| Candidate |
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! Votes |
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! % |
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! Result |
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|- |
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![[2021 Portuguese presidential election|2021]] |
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| align=left|[[Tiago Mayan Gonçalves]] |
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|134,991 |
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|3.2 (#6) |
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|{{no2|'''Lost''' {{Nay}}}} |
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! Election |
! Election |
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! |
! Leader |
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! |
! Votes |
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! % |
! % |
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! Seats |
! Seats |
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! +/ |
! +/– |
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! EP Group |
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|- |
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![[2019 European Parliament election in Portugal|2019]] |
! [[2019 European Parliament election in Portugal|2019]] |
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|align=left|Ricardo Arroja |
| align=left| Ricardo Arroja |
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|29, |
| 29,114 |
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|0.9 (#11) |
| 0.9 (#11) |
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|{{Composition bar|0|21|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
| {{Composition bar|0|21|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
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| |
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|''New'' |
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| align=center| – |
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|- |
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! [[2024 European Parliament election in Portugal|2024]] |
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| align=left| [[João Cotrim de Figueiredo]] |
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| 358,811 |
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| 9.1 (#4) |
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| {{Composition bar|2|21|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
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| {{increase}}2 |
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| align=center| [[Renew Europe|RENEW]] |
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! [[Azores]] |
! [[Azores]] |
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! [[ |
! [[2024 Azorean regional election|2024]] |
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| align=left|[[Nuno Barata |
| align=left|[[Nuno Barata]] |
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| 2, |
| 2,482 |
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| |
| 2.2 (#5) |
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| {{Composition bar|1|57|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
| {{Composition bar|1|57|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
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| {{steady}}0 |
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| ''New'' |
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| {{no2|Opposition}} |
| {{no2|Opposition}} |
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|{{Composition bar|45|26797|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
|{{Composition bar|45|26797|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}} |
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|''New'' |
|''New'' |
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=== Presidential elections === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" |
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|- |
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! Election |
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! width="173px"| Candidate |
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! Votes |
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! % |
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|- |
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![[2021 Portuguese presidential election|2021]] |
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| align=left|[[Tiago Mayan Gonçalves]] |
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|134,991 |
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|3.2 (#6) |
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|} |
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== Assembly of the Republic == |
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[[File:JoaoCotrimFigueiredo.png|thumb|[[João Cotrim de Figueiredo]], the party's first ever elected [[Member of the Portuguese Parliament]].|135x135px]] |
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===XV Legislature=== |
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2022- |
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* [[João Cotrim de Figueiredo]] |
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* [[Carlos Guimarães Pinto]] |
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* [[Carla Castro]] |
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* [[Rodrigo Saraiva]] |
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* [[Bernardo Blanco]] |
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* [[Rui Rocha]] |
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* [[Patrícia Gilvaz]] |
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* [[Joana Cordeiro]] |
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=== XIV Legislature === |
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2019-2022 |
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* [[João Cotrim de Figueiredo]] |
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== List of presidents == |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! colspan=2| Name |
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! Portrait |
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! Start |
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! End |
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|- |
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| 1st |
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| [[:pt:Miguel Ferreira da Silva|Miguel Ferreira da Silva]] |
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| [[File:MiguelFerreiradaSilva.png|93x93px]] |
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| 13 December 2017 |
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| 13 October 2018 |
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|- |
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| 2nd |
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| [[Carlos Guimarães Pinto]] |
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| [[File:CarlosGuimaraesPinto.png|93x93px]] |
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| 13 October 2018 |
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| 8 December 2019 |
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|- |
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| 3rd |
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| [[João Cotrim de Figueiredo]] |
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| [[File:JoaoCotrimFigueiredo.png|109x109px]] |
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| 8 December 2019 |
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| 22 January 2023 |
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|- |
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| 4th |
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| [[Rui Rocha]] |
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|[[File:Rui Rocha.jpg|90x90px]] |
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| 22 January 2023 |
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| Onwards |
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[[Category:Political parties in Portugal]] |
[[Category:Political parties in Portugal]] |
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[[Category:Right-libertarianism]] |
[[Category:Right-libertarianism]] |
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[[Category:Neoliberal parties]] |
Latest revision as of 19:12, 10 December 2024
Liberal Initiative Iniciativa Liberal | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | IL |
President | Rui Rocha |
Secretary-General | Miguel Rangel |
Vice presidents | Bernardo Blanco Angélique da Teresa Ricardo Pais Oliveira Ana Martins |
Founded | 13 December 2017 |
Headquarters | Avenida do Bessa, 158 E 4100-012 Porto |
Membership (2023) | 6,300[1] |
Ideology | |
Political position | Centre-right[5] to right-wing[9] |
European affiliation | Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe |
European Parliament group | Renew Europe |
Colours | Sky Blue |
Assembly of the Republic | 8 / 230 |
European Parliament | 2 / 21 |
Regional Parliaments | 2 / 104 |
Local government (Mayors) | 0 / 308 |
Local government (Parishes) | 0 / 3,091 |
Election symbol | |
Party flag | |
Website | |
iniciativaliberal.pt | |
The Liberal Initiative (Portuguese: Iniciativa Liberal, pronounced [inisjɐˈtivɐ liβɨˈɾal], IL) is a liberal political party in Portugal. Founded in 2017, it is currently led by Rui Rocha. The party has been described as being on the political right by academics and journalists.[6][7][8] It has 8 elected seats out of a total of 230 in the Portuguese Parliament.[10]
The party was founded in December 2017, and in October 2019, its debut year at the Portuguese legislative elections, it won one seat in the Portuguese Parliament.[11] It had run in its first elections in May 2019 for the European Parliament and in 2020 supported its first government coalition, at regional level, after the 2020 Azorean regional election.[12]
The party espouses a libertarian-influenced economic platform, including support for a flat income tax, privatisations and liberalisation of the labour market.[13] However, it intends to preserve an equitable and universal welfare state to a certain extent.[14][15] In other dimensions of life, the party favours views aligned with cultural and secular liberalism.[16][17]
History
[edit]The Liberal Initiative was founded as an association in 2016, and was approved as a party by the Constitutional Court in 2017.[18] It was admitted to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, a European political party, in November 2017,[19][20][21] having run for election for the first time in the 2019 European Parliament election in Portugal, garnering 0.9% of the votes, and failing to win any seats in the European Parliament.[22] In the 2019 legislative election, the party won a single seat in the Portuguese Parliament through the electoral district of Lisbon, earning 67,681 votes in total, equivalent to 1.3% of the votes cast.[11] At regional level, IL supported its first government coalition after the 2020 Azorean regional election.[12] In the 2021 Portuguese local elections, it won 26 seats in municipal assemblies, and none in municipal councils.[23] In the 2022 legislative election, the Liberal Initiative party increased the number of its MPs from one to eight with 5.0% of the vote.[24] Besides João Cotrim Figueiredo (already a MP at the Portuguese Parliament and incumbent party leader), IL elected seven new MPs for the party, including Carlos Guimarães Pinto (a former party leader), as MPs.
Ideology and platform
[edit]Part of a series on |
Liberalism |
---|
The party has been described as liberal,[13][25] neoliberal,[26] liberal right,[27] libertarian,[13][28][29][30][31] and social liberal.[32] It has been described as centre-right[33][34] and right-wing,[35][29][36][37][38][39] with its policy base described as combining economic liberalism with more progressive stances on cultural issues.[37][40]
According to its own official statements about this topic, the Liberal Initiative was founded with the Oxford Manifesto in mind and believes in individual freedom, by which all individuals have fundamental rights, including the possibility of having a life of their own, owning property or choosing how they want to live in their community, closely following the principles of classical liberalism.[41] The party's conception of freedom encompasses both the economic and social spheres as well as the political and individual spheres,[42] and believes that if any of them are restricted, freedom ceases to exist.[43][44][45][46] The party's political ideas are based on the idea of freedom as the greatest engine of human development, social harmony and economic prosperity.[43][47][48][17] The party's leaders and founders have ascertained that they envisage Portugal as a country that will model itself on Germany's multi-payer health care system – which is paid for by a combination of public health insurance and private health insurance – on Ireland's corporate tax policy and on Estonia's fiscal, educational, and public administration systems,[49][50] following classical liberal economic policies.
On 5 May 2018, the Liberal Initiative approved its political programme under the slogan "Less State, More Freedom" (Menos Estado, Mais Liberdade).[51] The party proposes the reduction of the number of civil servants and the extension of their health system to all Portuguese citizens, as well as extending the freedom for parents to choose their children's school without it necessarily being linked to their address.[52]
The party, which describes itself as a liberal party of all types of liberalism,[53] rejects to be simplistically described as a blind follower of the political philosophy of libertarianism, arguing that while it defends a small government and opposes economic interventionism in principle, it also defends an effective government which guarantees the rule of law, universal healthcare, universal education, social security and a welfare state.[54] The party said that it doesn't want to dismantle the Portuguese welfare state, but instead wants to "rationalize it" based on the principles of "sustainability and equity" by redefining its fairness proposition from the point of view of both social welfare beneficiaries/non-beneficiaries and taxpayers, regardless of age, current or previous occupation and other individual factors.[15][55][14]
Platform for the 2019 legislative election
[edit]Among the measures announced for the 2019 parliamentary elections were:
- Introducing a flat income tax rate of 15%.
- Extending coverage by the ADSE ("Instituto de Proteção e Assistência na Doença") to all Portuguese citizens. This body is in charge of health care, and works like a health insurance, for the Portuguese civil servants only.
- Providing freedom of choice of school in both the state-owned and privately owned systems, through a school-voucher system.
- Granting more freedom for universities to define admission criteria, and following the American and British models for universities by adopting a student loan funding system.
Party factions
[edit]The Liberal Initiative has a number of internal factions:[56][57][58]
Classical liberalism
[edit]This faction defends opposition to socialism through classical liberalism, calling for a low tax burden and promoting "efficient, effective and accountable government", while defending respect for individual, social, political and economic freedoms.[59]
Social liberalism
[edit]This faction adheres to the principles of social liberalism.[59] In 2024, a former candidate to the leadership of IL left it and is trying to establish a new party, the Social Liberal Party.[60]
Libertarianism
[edit]The faction espouses an outright libertarian platform with neoliberal economic and political stances, whose proposals include support for a lower flat income tax, small government, unprecedented wave of privatisations and deeper economic liberalisation of the economy, including in the labour market, able to address modernisation and overstaffing issues in the civil service, productivity gaps and competitiveness problems of the country in the context of the European Union and globalization.[61][62]
Conservative liberalism
[edit]The faction supporting Conservative liberalism, although being liberal on economic issues, is more conservative on social issues.[59] By 25 November 2023, most of the members from this faction had left the party,[63] with two joining Chega.[64][65]
Organization
[edit]Structure and communication
[edit]The party is organised and managed in a decentralised, digitised way. It has no physical headquarters in most municipalities of the country and makes heavy use of information and communication technologies.[66] Since its foundation, the party made an impact through the acclaimed originality of its communication and marketing campaigns, in particular its eye-catching billboards.[67][68]
Leadership
[edit]List of presidents
[edit]Name | Portrait | Constituency | Start | End | Prime minister | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Miguel Ferreira da Silva (b. 1972) |
Lisbon | 26 November 2017 | 13 October 2018 | António Costa (2015–2024) | ||
2 | Carlos Guimarães Pinto (b. 1983) |
Porto | 13 October 2018 | 8 December 2019 | |||
3 | João Cotrim de Figueiredo (b. 1961) |
Lisbon | 8 December 2019 | 22 January 2023 | |||
4 | Rui Rocha (b. 1970) |
Braga | 22 January 2023 | present | |||
Luís Montenegro (2024-present) |
Elected politicians
[edit]Assembly of the Republic
[edit]- Bernardo Blanco (Lisbon)
- Mariana Leitão (Lisbon)
- Rodrigo Saraiva (Lisbon)
- Carlos Guimarães Pinto (Porto)
- Patrícia Gilvaz (Porto)
- Rui Rocha (Braga)
- Joana Cordeiro (Setúbal)
- Mário Amorim Lopes (Aveiro)
- João Cotrim de Figueiredo (Lisbon)
- Carla Castro (Lisbon)
- Rodrigo Saraiva (Lisbon)
- Bernardo Blanco (Lisbon)
- Carlos Guimarães Pinto (Porto)
- Patrícia Gilvaz (Porto)
- Rui Rocha (Braga)
- Joana Cordeiro (Setúbal)
- João Cotrim de Figueiredo (Lisbon)
Electoral performance
[edit]Assembly of the Republic
[edit]Vote share in the Portuguese legislative elections
Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | Carlos Guimarães Pinto | 67,681 | 1.3 (#8) | 1 / 230
|
New | Opposition |
2022 | João Cotrim de Figueiredo | 273,687 | 4.9 (#4) | 8 / 230
|
7 | Opposition |
2024 | Rui Rocha | 319,877 | 4.9 (#4) | 8 / 230
|
0 | Opposition |
Presidential
[edit]Election | Candidate | Votes | % | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
2021 | Tiago Mayan Gonçalves | 134,991 | 3.2 (#6) | Lost |
European Parliament
[edit]Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | EP Group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | Ricardo Arroja | 29,114 | 0.9 (#11) | 0 / 21
|
– | |
2024 | João Cotrim de Figueiredo | 358,811 | 9.1 (#4) | 2 / 21
|
2 | RENEW |
Regional Assemblies
[edit]Region | Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/- | Government |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Azores | 2024 | Nuno Barata | 2,482 | 2.2 (#5) | 1 / 57
|
0 | Opposition |
Madeira | 2023 | Nuno Morna | 3,555 | 2.6 (#6) | 1 / 47
|
1 | Opposition |
Local elections
[edit]Election | Leader | Votes | % | Councillors | +/- | Mayors | +/- | Assemblies | +/- | Parishes | +/- |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2021 | João Cotrim Figueiredo | 64,849 | 1.3 (#8) | 1 / 2,064
|
New | 0 / 308
|
New | 26 / 6,448
|
New | 45 / 26,797
|
New |
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- ^ "O debate em que a Iniciativa Liberal pisca à esquerda e à direita como Ruth Marlene e o CDS "cancela um grupo parlamentar inteiro"". CNN Portugal (in Portuguese). 5 January 2022.
- ^ [2][3][4]
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(...) due to both the rise of two new right-wing parties, the liberal IL (Iniciativa Liberal – Liberal Initiative) (...)
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(...) two new right-wing parties (the radical right 'CHEGA' and the liberals 'Iniciativa Liberal') entered the Portuguese parliament (...)
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- ^ "Há três ou quatro anos? "Quase que era um crime falar de liberalismo"". Notícias ao Minuto (in Portuguese). 28 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ Torres, Francisco Pimentel (26 September 2019). "Liberalismo e liberdade individual e igualdade perante a lei". VILA NOVA (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 16 September 2023.
- ^ Pinto, Sónia (22 December 2022). "'A Iniciativa Liberal vai chegar ao Governo'". SOL. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ "Iniciativa Liberal, Livre e Chega. O que defendem os novos partidos?". Dinheiro Vivo. 7 October 2019.
- ^ "Iniciativa Liberal. Eles querem ser os "rebeldes responsáveis" do Parlamento". Jornal Expresso.
- ^ "Tiago Mayan debate com André Ventura". Mayan 2021.
- ^ Dias, Miguel Viterbo. "Iniciativa Liberal quer ex-Primeiro-Ministro da Estónia a pensar a reforma do estado português". Observador.
- ^ ""Parece que não sabem que o muro de Berlim caiu e o sistema falhou"". ionline. 6 May 2018.
- ^ "Iniciativa Liberal aprova programa político que defende redução de funcionários públicos". www.dn.pt.
- ^ "O PARTIDO DE TODOS OS LIBERAIS". Iniciativa Liberal.
- ^ "João Cotrim Figueiredo. 'Ninguém da Iniciativa Liberal está à procura de um tacho'". 5 December 2019.
- ^ Castro, Carla (May 2023). "Reforma do Sistema de Pensões – é dificil, mas tem de ser". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 May 2023.
- ^ seguir, Melissa Lopes-Autor marcado para. "Rui Rocha eleito o novo presidente da Iniciativa Liberal". onovo.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 6 March 2023.
- ^ Mariana Lima Cunha; Inês André Figueiredo. "Apupos, "carneirada", "ignorantes" e "paus mandados". O dia em que as fraturas na IL ficaram expostas". Observador (in European Portuguese). Photography by João Porfírio. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
- ^ Lopes, Melissa (23 June 2023). "Iniciativa Liberal: disputa no núcleo de Lisboa replica luta interna". Jornal NOVO (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ a b c Spranger, Paulo (22 January 2023). "Sociais-liberais contra conservadores: há "luta de classes" na IL?". Jornal de Notícias (in European Portuguese).
- ^ Gomes, Margarida (4 June 2024). "Dissidentes da IL querem novo partido liberal já para disputar autárquicas de 2025". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Visão | A barraquinha da Iniciativa Libertária". Visão (in European Portuguese). 13 June 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ Pimentel, José Maria (18 October 2019). "Oito desejos para um partido liberal em Portugal". PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ "Membros da IL anunciam saída por o partido se ter "tornado numa caricatura"". Diário de Notícias (in European Portuguese). 22 November 2023.
- ^ "Antigo líder da ala conservadora da IL anuncia adesão ao Chega". Diário de Notícias (in European Portuguese). 24 November 2023.
- ^ "Ex-cabeça de lista da Iniciativa Liberal junta-se ao Chega". Diário de Notícias.
- ^ Figueiredo, Inês André. "Iniciativa Liberal, a "startup política". Não têm sedes, são dissidentes de partidos tradicionais e querem ser como Mayan". Observador (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- ^ "Iniciativa Liberal. Uma dúzia de outdoors mudaram a vida do 'partido do Twitter'". www.dn.pt (in European Portuguese). 9 October 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
- ^ "A Criatividade nas Campanhas Políticas: O Caso do Partido Iniciativa Liberal | Autónoma Academy". Autónoma Academy | Escola de Pós Graduações da UAL (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 25 September 2023.
External links
[edit]- Media related to Iniciativa Liberal at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- Liberal Initiative
- 2017 establishments in Portugal
- Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party member parties
- Centre-right parties in Europe
- Classical liberal parties
- Economic liberalism
- Liberal parties in Portugal
- Libertarian parties
- Political parties established in 2017
- Political parties in Portugal
- Right-libertarianism
- Neoliberal parties